Chapter 12 Formerly the highest institution of learning Guozijian

Last year's "Double Ten" Festival, Professor Cheng Dalin introduced a Mr. Den Hall from the Netherlands to visit me. After the conversation, he came to Taiwan to study Chinese cultural relics. Recently, he saw several photos taken by Mr. Johnston in a book. A photo of Zhang Beiping Guozijian.He was curious about the system of the former emperor's "Linyong Lectures", which also has a certain encouraging effect on modern students, so he wanted to know the general situation of the Guozijian. Professor Lin came to the author as soon as he taijiquan .The author has been away from Beiping for more than 30 years. At that time, my uncle was an official student. On the 15th day of every month, I would go to the Imperial College to listen to the "Classic Teaching" class. The author sometimes accompanied my uncle to the Imperial College to listen to the "Classic Teaching" class. , Extensive interpretation of grand pull, Su Kuo profound.At that time, when I was young, I half understood what I heard, and I was bored sitting upright, so I sneaked out to look around.Although there is nothing to gain from listening to the scriptures, he knows everything in the Guozijian like the back of his hand, and he will never forget it for a long time.

Guozijian is located on the west side of the Confucian Temple in the Dingmen of Beiping, and it is connected with the Confucian Temple.It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty to the twenty-fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1254), and it was the highest institution of learning in the Yuan Dynasty.In the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was built and changed to Guozijian.In the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, it was further expanded, and it was a building more than 600 years ago. The gate of Guozijian, Jixian Gate, is a large archway with yellow glazed tiles.In Jixian Gate is the most prominent building of Guozijian, "Biyong". It is a hall with double eaves and four hanging trusses.On the top of the hall, there is a huge gold-plated dome.The Jinyun Jinque reflects the sun and adds brilliance.The outer ring of the hall is the Crescent Lake, surrounded by white marble railings, with horned dragons looking after their tails, and Danfeng holding beads. They are exquisitely carved and magnificent.There are stone bridges on all sides, and there is a lecture hall in the hall, which is the lecture hall for the emperor to "lecture in Linyong".

Behind Piyong, to the south is the magnificent Yilun Hall. In the center of the hall, there is a "sacrifice to wine" screen made by Emperor Kangxi.There are "Shengjian Hall" and three lecture halls of "Spirituality", "Sincerity" and "Chongzhi" in the east veranda, and "Doctor Hall" and three lecture halls of "Xiu Dao", "Zhengye" and "Guangye" in the west veranda.Yilun hall is the place where Guozijian offers wine and gives lectures, and the students meet with the masters and teachers. Guozijian Jijiu, in the Qing Dynasty, there was a Manchu and a Han Dynasty. Although the official rank was only from the fourth grade, Guozijian was a higher education institution, and Guozijian Jijiu was a Beijing official who often weighed his writing and quality, like Sheng Boxi (Sheng Boxi, Guozijian Jijiu in the late Qing Dynasty) Yu) is not only a master of Hengwen, but also hard-edged and evil, honest and honest, and has become a generation of literary leaders.

According to the legend, after the imperial examination of each subject, the top scholar in the new subject will lead all the new candidates to the Imperial Academy for the release ceremony, and all the tributes will attend the ceremony of offering wine.Sacrificing wine, facing the clothes and facing the crown, sitting majestically facing the north, silently, respected and worshiped by the upstarts.According to legend, as long as the wine is offered with a smile, or bowing and waving, it is not good for Xinke Zhuangyuan.Among the Guangxu Sizheng Jinshi Scholars of Sheng Boxi's Sacrifice, there are more than a dozen old friends who have been close friends with Sheng Boxi, if they accept it without hesitation, they must feel uneasy.He was self-restraining and fearing that it would be bad for the new imperial examination students, so he came up with a brilliant trick. When the new dignitaries filed into the Yilun Hall, he would close his eyes and silently recite a passage from "Sheng Yu Guang Xun". After that, it happens that the ceremony of attending the ceremony is completed, so there will be no loss of etiquette.Pingxiang talented scholar Wen Tingshi and Sheng Boxi are both the backbone of the Qing School, and Wen gave Sheng a nickname of "Endorsement Jijiu", and Wen's "Donkey Face Ranking No. 2" is a masterpiece of Sheng Lao reciprocating.I am afraid that not many people know about this literary joke.

Around the aisle of the Dacheng Gate of the Guozijian, there is a display of King Xuan of Zhou's great hunting, and Shi Zhen's record of meritorious service. It is carved in the shape of a stone drum. There are ten drums in total, five in the east and five in the east. The diameter of each stone drum is only more than three feet.It is said that in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, there was originally a Confucian temple in Fengxiang Mansion, Shaanxi Province. Unfortunately, only nine of them were left in the wilderness for a long time. It was not until Xu in the Northern Song Dynasty that they were found from the people and assembled into a complete jade.Drum inscriptions were abandoned for a long time during the Han and Tang Dynasties, and were eroded by wind and rain. Only 465 characters on the stone drum seen by Ouyang Xiu, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, survived.According to Wu Fou, who is famous for writing stone drums, this is the most complete rubbing he has ever seen.In Shanghai, the author saw that only 267 characters of stone drum rubbings in the collection of Liu Gonglu remained, and Shen Meisou and Zhujiang Village all had inscriptions and postscripts.There used to be a treasurer surnamed Cui in Guozijian. He loved stone drums very much. He collected more than 40 kinds of illustrated editions, most of which reached 461 characters. He claimed to be the most complete unique edition in China.In fact, when Emperor Qianlong was giving lectures in Linyong, he saw that the original inscriptions were becoming more and more blurred, so he selected stones for examination and correction. It took nearly four years to complete the new stone drum, with a total of 464 characters, second only to Ouyang. The rare editions seen in the public are three more than Cui Jun's domestic rare editions.Around the 20th year of the Republic of China, if you went to Guozijian for sightseeing, you could still find such rubbings, and the price was only about 20 silver coins.On the west side of the Yilun Hall of the Guozijian, there is an ancient locust tree with a tall and tall tree. It was planted by Xu Heng, a great Confucian in the early Yuan Dynasty (known as Mr. Lu Zhai in the world), who offered wine to the Guozijian.The grandeur and grandeur of the Qing Dynasty make people admire the greatness and elegance of the previous sages.

Another eye-catching document is the stele of the "Thirteen Classics" written by Jiang Xiangfan, a Confucian scholar in the Qing Dynasty, who spent twelve years writing his energy. The east side of Taixue Gate.Every time I go to Guozijian, I always go to the forest of steles to pay my respects. This kind of perseverance is enough to set an example for future generations. Outside the gate of Guozijianyi, there is also a huge stone tablet carved and engraved. It is Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang's "Edict to Instruct Tai Students", which is written in vernacular, and Yiluntang "Sacrifice to Luozhen" written by Emperor Kangxi Xuanye of Qing Dynasty, One is elegant and the other is ordinary, standing upright and confronting each other, which is very interesting.Mr. Hu Shizhi said before his death that Zhu Hongwu's vernacular essays are fresh and simple, with a mature style, and are the best vernacular essays.A professor of the Chinese Department of Peking University believes that the swords and halberds are thick, and the tone of the emperor is wanton and vulgar.In any case, these two steles are reference materials for important historical records of the Imperial College.Recently, I heard that the "Red Guards" in the past few years did their best to destroy the places of interest and ruined the highest institution of higher learning that had been preserved for more than 600 years, and then burned it to the ground.Today, because of Mr. Deng Huoer's inquiry, I have specially written down what I can remember. I wonder if it will be helpful for Mr. Deng Huoer to study the history of Guozijian?