Chapter 7 The history of the vicissitudes of Qingyinzhuoer in the old capital teahouse

I heard from people of the older generation that when the emperor died in the Qing Dynasty, the dragon controlled the honored guests, which was called a national mourning, and the whole country mourned.Within a hundred days, the four seas suppressed the eight sounds, and all gold, stone, silk, bamboo, and earth leather were not allowed to make a sound. Not only did the theater troupes in various tea gardens stop performing beautifully, but even private halls with colorful cups were forbidden by the law. But it’s been a long time, and people who generally refer to singing operas for a living in Liyuan can’t survive, so an expert came up with a workaround, which is to go on stage in plain clothes.A plain silk scarf is wrapped around singing Tsing Yi's head, the old man puts on his beard, and the clown's face is covered with white. On the scene, he is making gestures and reciting big characters of gong scriptures, coping with singing twice to make ends meet.Even the old men who usually like to walk away tickets, like the Emperor Tongzhi and the Empress, who were not allowed to use the bell for more than half a year, couldn't help themselves, and always wanted to find a place to shout and shout their voices to enjoy the show.According to Chen Zifang, an old actress: "The original a cappella was called 'Zit Da', and the big gongs and cymbals used in the martial arts field, which can sound far and far away, were all banned, so it was called 'voiceless table' at that time. But In Beijing opera, at some critical points, a gong or cymbals must be played to cheer up the spirit, so it gradually returned to normal. In the early years, Xiaosheng Deyao was originally a member of the flag. Unvoiced Yinzhuoer sold tickets, and later went to sea, everyone called him Dechu, which means he is from a fancier background. He can sing suona in a round and round voice, and his handle is especially side-style. Once "Yuanmen Shooting Halberd", it can sell a lot of houses .Because he officially went down to the bow room, drew a strong bow, and could shoot an arrow into the eye of a halberd painted on the high platform, and became popular since then. But he has a special face, which earned him the nickname of "Donkey Face Xiaosheng", so he went to sea later, He still likes singing a cappella. Whenever there are celebrations such as birthdays, full moons, warm homes, marriages and other festive events at relatives and friends, he is always obliged to set up a voiceless table to make it lively. On such occasions, besides being responsible for In addition to civil and military scenes, there are also fragmented roles to answer questions, and in the end they have to sing Xiaosheng Zhenggong operas, such as "Calling Pass", "Xiao Xian", "Shooting Halberds", "Baimen Tower" and so on. He is addicted to the theater. He thinks that going to the sea to sing is to earn money and earn a living, and he is always in a bad mood, but when he sits at the Qingyin table, he feels comfortable all over his body. Feel."

The host of the Voiceless Table is called "Chengtou". Chen Zifang has worked as Yun Chengtou in the Voiceless Table in previous years, so she is an expert in everything on the Voiceless Table.He said: "Xianfeng passed away, and all entertainment was stopped during the national mourning period. Qingyin table was indeed born at that time. To set up a Qingyin table, you must first register at the head of the Jingzhong Temple in charge of Liyuan affairs, and receive Obtain a license and go to the Shengping Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to receive Zhazi Dantie. After these two procedures are completed, it can be considered formally established and can be used in Liujiucheng. You need to buy some practical equipment. First of all, you need to order a pair of lamps for the hall, table and chair padding for the whole hall, set up sounders, and make water signs. Good luck."

Beijing Crescent Hutong Quan Yanping (Guan Zuichan) has a box office, with voiceless desks.His water tablet for writing operas is particularly exquisite, and it is placed in the middle of the two Eight Immortals tables put together.The order of the day's repertoire is written on the ivory sign, which is clear at a glance.The seat lamp is square, about three feet high with ebony bristle lacquered glass lampshade, the front is painted with a hall sign in red lettering and golden border, and it is matched with the red satin flat gold table and chair cushions with endless numbers embroidered in Suzhou embroidery. Extraordinary style.Yan Jupeng said that Uncle Quan's ostentation is the first part of the Qingyin table, and he believes it is not an empty reputation.

Sound instruments are used for all civil and military scenes, and the clear tone tables must be fully prepared. However, I heard that the bells used for Danjiao to sing against the Erhuang, the silk strings used for Huqin, Yueqin, and Sanxian in Wenchang, the letter for suona, and the membrane on the flute. You have to bring your own.Most people say that it is a rule left by the ancestors. The author once asked the famous Liyuan fanciers for advice, but they couldn't tell the reason. Now I know that there are not many rules, let alone the source. Withdrawing a big post is the most difficult thing to do for a voiceless desk, and it is also the easiest thing to attract people's attention. Some people accepted the post, and he said that with his little shady stuff, wouldn't that be a duck to get on the shelf?If you missed it and didn't post it to him, just listen to it!He's talking again, they invited famous actors and actresses, let's count which onion or garlic!There are many friends like this who love to offend pettiness and pick eyes. Look at how embarrassing it is to spread big posts!

In the northern part of the country, we will post big New Year posts for celebrations and birthdays, and we will use vegetarian posts for the Seventh Office of Mingshou. Please use yellow posts for Buddhist scriptures in temples and temples. Scattered posts are called red and white posts.The author once asked Gong Yunfu and De Maoru, who went to the sea from playing tickets, they all knew it but didn't know why. Later, I asked several box office veterans Chengtou Ji Zixing, Hu Xianting, Cao Xiaofeng, and even asked the drama master Qi Ru for advice. , and they all don't know where they come from.This matter has always been doubted, and now it is even more difficult to find people who know the root cause.

It is said that as soon as there is a voiceless table, only the a cappella of the festive hall should be played, and those who have passed away with the family (no dowry and birthday rituals) will only be served cigarettes and tea, and they cannot even disturb the banquet.Only later did someone come up with a brilliant idea, find a bright and spacious teahouse and tavern, and set up a small stage to invite actors and actresses from all walks of life to come and have fun. The voiceless table singing in teahouses, some sing during the day, some sing at night with lights, and some even sing during the day with lights at night, but there is an unwritten rule that no matter how good the seats are, they can only be closed. Tea money, theater tickets are not allowed.Because when you come to the teahouse for entertainment, you are all uncles who spend money to buy face, and they talk about not disturbing the tea. As for famous tickets like Tao Mochang, Xing Junming, Li Xiangyun, and Guo Zhongyu, they are just paid by the box office. If the tax is paid according to the entertainment business, the business of the teahouse cannot be done.

In the early days, the voiceless table and the box office were two different things.The box office hires a special person to talk about the play, to practice the figure, to learn the civil and military scenes, and to be successful in the accumulation of knowledge, so that you can appear on the stage; as for the voiceless table, it is different. If there are only a few episodes of Xipi Erhuang in the five plays, and there is no whole thing, the Chengtou of the Qingyin table would not dare to bother him rashly, and Yu would not have the courage to rush into the Qinglong seat to show his ugly face.

Qingyinzhuoer in Beiping opened gongs and a cappella in the teahouse, which became very popular during the Xuantong period. There is a Changhuaichun teahouse in the Yinsi Temple outside Qianmen, which is the oldest Qingyinzhuoer, presided over by Hu Xianting.Hu's voice can be high and low, and he can sing along with the horns without gnawing at random, allowing you to sing comfortably.Hu Youpiaojie Zhang Chunyan's nickname, and the famous ticket Xing Junming sang "Zhulianzhai" ("Jiebao Gaining Power"), and they are very close to each other.There is also a cappella in Binyanhua Building, which is co-hosted by De Renzhi and Yu Jingmei, both of whom are singing old students, plus Zhao Jianchan, Yang Wenchu's Tsing Yi, and Guo Zhongyu's Yang Pai Wusheng. Tea guests flock here every day. It was so late that I couldn't find a seat.Later, Deren went to the sea to join the team, and Yu Jingmei had no intention of running alone and went to Shanghai to do business.

The owner of Lvxiang Garden in Quanyechang used to draw charcoal portraits. Although he usually likes to hum a few words, he is completely a foreigner when it comes to taking charge.He saw that the tea house in Yanhua Building was in its heyday, like Japan’s Fangzhong, and it was a good opportunity to organize a voiceless table by himself. He and Li Xiangyun were allied with each other, and Li Xiangyun tried his best to persuade him, and he also made appointments with Zang Languang and He Yaqiu. Piao Yiling's Danjiao gang was lively for a while.It's a pity that he himself is a layman, and he is not thoughtful in his etiquette towards fanciers and his greetings at teahouses.Although the Lvxiang Garden has a wide range of corridors and verandas, you have to listen to it and watch it, but gradually you can't hold on to the teahouse. After two years of support, you have to announce the suspension of gongs, and change back to Qingcha Weiqi to be taught.

There used to be a restaurant in Henan called Yulouchun on the first floor of Langfang Toutiao. Because Donghu didn’t agree to take a break, there was a person who was in charge of suitcases in Liyuanhang. We set up a voiceless desk.He is related to famous ticket Mo Jingyi, plus Yu Jingchen, Song Jiemei, Shi Zhesheng, Hu Jingbo, Jin Henian and other famous tickets. To save face, everyone came to join us from time to time.However, nine out of ten of these fanciers live in Beicheng. They run outside Qianmen every day, and the fare is really high. Also, they sometimes go out along Yongyong at the end of the day. It is difficult to take care of everything in the teahouse, so they soon stopped promoting Wududu .

From the early years of the Republic of China to the collapse of the Beiyang government, the past ten years can be said to be the heyday of Qingyin tables. In the quiet place of Guanyin Temple in Langfang Toutiao outside Qianmen, there are four a cappella teahouses. There are more porridge and fewer monks. The fans of the three or five dramas have become hot and sweet, and you are robbing each other, which is more intense than the job-hopping of movie and singer stars from the three TV stations in Taiwan a while ago.Famous names such as Gu Zanchen, Xing Junming, Tao Weichu, Tsing Yi Li Xiangyun, Yang Wenchu, Huashan Lin Junfu, Zhang Xiaoshan, and even ugly singers Wang Huafu, Jin Henian, and Yu Maoru all became very popular and became the targets of various teahouses.Before Lvxiangyuan finished singing, Chang Huaichun had already sent someone to urge him.Guo Zhongyu, a well-known martial arts student, has always remembered Yang Xiaolou all his life. He follows Master Yang as the law in every speech and action. Everyone calls him "Yang Fan", and he has no doubts.One day he sang a cappella three times, and he was so dizzy that he couldn't stop calling "foreign car" when he went out. Dongcheng also has two cappellas in Dong'an Market: one is called Fangxing Teahouse at the main entrance of the market, hosted by Huang Xijiu; the other is called Dechang Teahouse in the south garden of the market, hosted by Cao Xiaofeng.Fangxing is a corner building area covered by iron sheds, which is neither spacious nor bright, and even has to be lit during the day.Huang Xijiu looks foolish on the surface, simple and honest, but he has a set of soft skills that others can't learn.He and Xi Zigang are senior brothers (Xi plays the strings for Mei Lanfang). They have a wide belly and have a number of tunes with vague meanings. They were all sorted out one by one.Huang Yuanyuan was ugly, but because of his slurred speech, he was worse than Guo Chunshan, the head of the ugly industry, so he had to change his career in the end.He and Tao Mochang's nephew Tao Shishi are close friends. Tao Shishi goes to Fangxing every day to play big gongs for entertainment, so Huang Xijiu has a relationship with Taomochang.Tao is the daughter of Duanfang's younger brother Duanjin. Although she can't be said to be peerless, she likes men's clothing. She wears long robes and waistcoats, and has a western-style hair parted in the middle. In addition, her skin is fair and her eyebrows are picturesque, so someone named her She gave her a nickname and called her Yoshiko Kawashima in Kunpiao, and she also acquiesced frankly. There are some male and female college students in Northeast City, and some people are fascinated by Tao Bei. In terms of attainments, Tao is indeed a good material for singing operas. "Phoenix Returns to the Nest" is praised by everyone.At first, Tao Mochang was playing for the sake of face, and occasionally went to Fangxing to support him. Later, Huang Xijiu invited Yang Xiaoyun, a student from Kunpiao, who had a rare voice with no female voice, and he was in the same tune as Tao Mochang. , One partner and one partner often play a child's play.In addition to Meng Guangheng's huqin and Yang Minghua's erhu, every weekend and holiday, the performances are accurate. Not only is the house full of audiences, but sometimes even temporary stools are added at the intersections.This grand occasion lasted for two full years, which can be regarded as the golden age of Fangxing Tea House. Cao Xiaofeng was born as a female singer, and she was a senior teacher with Yao Ershun (Yufu). Cao is a man from all over the world and has a lot of friends, so he took over Dechang Tea House to set up the Qingyin table. Some colleagues in the industry who live in hardships are willing to work for Cao Xiaofeng.Cao still sincerely takes care of these hard-working fellows, openly playing the role, and secretly paying for the car.There is a Yin Xiaofeng who sings copper hammer in Liyuanhang. He once acted as a co-star with Tan Xinpei. Once he sang "Catch and Release" with Boss Tan.In his later years, he was even more down and out, hungry and full, his face was so thin that he couldn't draw his face, so naturally no one asked for advice to take the stage.But my voice is still strong and crisp, and I can go to the hall, so I go to Dechang Teahouse to help out from time to time, and sometimes sing ≮Five Thunder Arrays and Locking Five Dragons. Guests are welcome.Cao Xiaofeng cherishes the old and pities the poor, and always gives old Yin a piece of money. These places show that Cao Xiaofeng is a kind and honest man. The two teahouses Fangxing and Dechang are facing each other from north to south, each has its own tea customers, and they don't invade each other on weekdays, but every Sunday and holiday when Tao Mochang shows up in Fangxing, Dechang will lose 20% of the teahouses.Later, after Tao Shishi came forward to mediate between the two companies, Tao Mo Factory sang on both sides in single and double days, and this tense situation was resolved.Most of the fanciers who often go to Dechang for entertainment are those who go to the box office of Xiehe Hospital, such as Zhang Rennian, Zhang Zepu, Guan Shaohua, Zhao Guanyi, Yang Wenchu, Tao Shanting, Meng Guangheng, Zhao Zhongan. It can be said that Sheng, Dan, Jing, Mo, There is no lack of ugliness, plus Xi Xiaobo, Fei Jianhou, Ding Yongxiang show their faces from time to time, Furongcao, Wang Youquan, Li Hongfu in the actress world, and even Zhu Qinxin when he is not in the sea, occasionally come to sing his voice.Sometimes everyone has a good chat, maybe there is a large group of plays such as "Dragon and Phoenix", "Da Dengdian" and so on, especially the German manager Yong Liuxu (also known as Yong Zhujun) who is the female manager of Moudeli Records. , and also sat on the voiceless table and sang "Calling the Palace" or "Wu Zhaoguan", which would also get 20% more seats. The Auspicious Tea Garden in Dong’an Market is a popular opera garden, and there are plays in almost black and white days. According to Wang Xiagong, the manager of the backstage: “One day Yan Jupeng and Chen Lifang sang auspiciously during the daytime. I happened to catch up with Tao Mochang, Xi Xiaobo, Guan Shaohua, and Fu Rongcao to collect a copy of "Return to Mother's Order" in Dechang Tea House. The seats were less than 30%, Yan and Xi were regular customers of Guo Meichen's house, and Yan was so angry that he didn't speak to Xi Xiaobo for several months." It can be seen how beautiful the Qingyin table in Dechang Teahouse was. As soon as the two teahouses in Dong'an Market became popular, Wei Runtian felt that singing a cappella in teahouses was also a way to make money, so he also organized a cappella in Taoli Garden, Xidan shopping mall.Xiao was born as a deacon in the Ministry of Finance during the Beiyang period. Because of his ingenuity, he loved Peking opera.Later, he joined the Chunxue Lianyin Club to sing Tsing Yi and Dao Ma Dan at the box office. He was taught by three veteran actors Wang Qinyi, Hu Suxian, and Rong Diexian, and he was willing to do private work. It's decent enough.But the patriarch didn't reward the food, and suffered because it was too hard to pretend, so he had to change his tune and specially tell plays for people. Around the 20th year of the Republic of China, Peking Opera became very popular in universities and middle schools in Beiping, and Peking Opera clubs were established one after another to hire teachers to teach and talk about the opera.However, no one dares to do that for the famous teachers in Liyuanhang, for fear of smashing the signboard, but Xiao Runtian is not the case. As long as you dare to go on stage, he will put it on the shelf. On the contrary, this method is very popular among students.In his heyday, Xiao Runtian had more than a dozen students at the box office and had the title of chief instructor.Setting up tables is the easiest job to make money. Yu Yunpeng, who is half-price and half-acting, has a brand-new theater box. Generally speaking, student amateurs who are just beginners want to make a splash all day long. Smash it left and right, and you can immediately make a table-building game.Fans with a big addiction can enjoy the drama at any time. Xiao Runtian played a role in it, and he made a few money in those few years. As soon as Taoliyuan established the voiceless table, Xiao had enough money to spare, and the staff he found for civil and military scenes were all hard-earned. In addition, old fanciers such as Zhang Xiaoshan, Fei Hailou, and He Yousan all lived in Xicheng, and they were selected by China Radio. Fanciers such as Gao Boling, Li Xinfo, etc., together with Li Yingliang, Ji Yuliang, and Long Wenwei, who were later popular for a while, can be regarded as the pillars of Taoli Garden, and the stage is also full of excitement.However, student fanciers are not born at once, at most one or two learn how to sing black faces, and on Sundays and holidays when the school has no classes, groups of three and groups of five all flock here.Just after Zhang Gangxue sang "Da Dengdian", Li followed closely with "Three Claps" and "Exploring the Cold Kiln". "The Bend of the River" and "Mulberry Garden Club" play one after another.These student uncles only want to show their faces on the stage to enjoy the show. They are the gods of wealth in the teahouse, and no one can offend them.Naturally, fanciers with a bit of status slowly followed each other. On the eve of the Anti-Japanese War, Taoli Garden became a real student box office. Among the famous actors and actresses, there are some who are particularly interested in voiceless tables, such as Cheng Yujing, Hibiscus, Qiu Guixian, Rui Debao, etc., but there are also some famous and famous actors who are leaping on the stage, but once they sit on the stage At the voiceless table, I felt that I was not strong enough, either forgot the words on the spot, or hit the gongs and drums.Back then, the fancier kings: Jing Chen, Shi Zhesheng, Guan Zuichan, Gu Jingbo, all of the performers on the stage were superb and experienced, singing, doing, reading, and playing whatever they wanted, but they immediately slammed down as soon as they sat at the voiceless table uncomfortable.Singing opera is afraid that I will "raise my dignity", and if I lose my mind, I will make a mistake. Layman Woyun said: "I would rather sing "Taijun's Cichao" on the stage than "Da Dengdian" on the voiceless table." Mrs. Wang." These words are enough to prove that dancing on the stage, when it comes to the Qingyin table, it may not be able to exert its full power! Old master Chen Delin is the favorite of old actors to play voiceless tables. I remember that Li Xinwu Jingshe (Mr. Li Hanzhang) in Hefei celebrated his 60th birthday at his Ganshiqiao apartment. Tickets, members and the public will jointly present a cappella with lights at night.Li Baye (Xin Wu Xing 1) and Chen Delin are old friends for many years. After dinner, Mrs. Chen volunteered to play "Hongluan Xiqin, Chen Shizhenggong Tsing Yi, usually serious, this kind of drama about Beijing and white boudoirs, She has never shown it on any occasion, and she is so gentle and meticulous on the spot.Seeing his plump eyebrows and white hair, his charming and delicate attitude like a child's bright red, soft green, is really wonderful.Shanghai Famous Ticket Chen Xiaotian is the grandson-in-law of the old birthday star. He sang "Falling Garden" full of bows and tunes, which is even more exciting than the record he recorded in EMI.Later, Feng Liuye, Geng Guang and others coaxed together and temporarily compiled a "Noodle Vat". Zhou Lamei, Yu Shuyan plays the drum, Mu Tiefen plays the suona, everyone is temporarily gathering pots, warmly congratulating each other, you talk to each other, Zhou Lamei has to make trouble again, raise the tone again, and make a fuss A dizzy.Afterwards, Mei Lanfang said: "This is the first time I have been on the voiceless table, and it is also the first time I have sung 'Noodle Vat'." It's so unusual, so everyone's voices and smiles at that time are deeply imprinted in my mind, and they will last forever. Looking back at the characters on the stage at that time, most of them were over a hundred years old, and the youngest was ninety years old. People who have heard this play now, I'm afraid There are also very few.The so-called voiceless table in the box office teahouse may have already become a term in history.