Chapter 5 Talking about the lost "children's book"

Talking about "Zidi Shu" now, not to mention that there are not many people in Taiwan who have heard of "Zidi Shu", and there are very few people who know the term "Zidi Shu". "Book of Zidi" is the most popular miscellaneous song during the Jiaqing and Daoguang years of the Qing Dynasty.Because the Taiping lyrics of the octagonal drum, which was very popular in the Qianlong period, everyone felt bored after listening to it for a long time, so there was a disciple of the Eight Banners who was quick in thinking and fluent in writing, and compiled a seven-character song based on the thirteen zhekou commonly used in the north. , divided into three chapters: large, medium, and small. The large chapter can be as long as 20 or 30 paragraphs, and the short chapters can be divided into chapters. For example, "The Wind and Rain Returning to the Boat" in Chaqu is extracted from Zidi's book.Before opening the book, there is a section of Xijiangyue or a seven-character poem, which roughly shows the main idea of ​​the book. This kind of book title is called "Shibian", and the jargon is "Tou Xing", just like the "opening chapter" of Tanci.

Because the "Book of Zidi" is a song composed by literary and ink people, and the audience is all noble people or ordinary nobles in the Eight Banners, so the rituals and rules are more serious and strict. One rhyme, more than two paragraphs are allowed to change the rhyme.As for the content of the book, the theme is to describe the local conditions, characters and society at that time, supplemented by the legends of the former dynasty and Peking opera stories. The tone is divided into two categories: Dongcheng tune and Xicheng tune: Dongcheng tune is also called Dongyun, which was written by Gao Yunchuang, Han Xiaochuang and Luo Songchuang. Most of them are stories of loyalty, filial piety, righteousness and impassioned passion. Yang Gaoqiang, rhyme without nine tones, "three windows and nine tones" was the most appreciated by people at that time.Xicheng tune is also called Xidiao. It is composed by Helu, Heming Kunji, Demutang and Tiesongyan. So the willows playing the warbler, swallowing flowers and drinking wine are all lingering, glamorous and pleasing to the eye. The composition of the song, especially the double-voice rhyme in the lyrics is its characteristic.Regardless of Dongcheng tune or Xicheng tune, they are all written by literati with ink in their stomachs, so the diction is smooth and the literary talent is brilliant. Unfortunately, the tunes are too few, and finally gradually decline and become lost.In the early years of the Republic of China, when it was night in Beiping, those who sang chatterboxes along the street would occasionally have one or two records of Han Xiaochuang's "Farewell to the Mother" and "Cao Zhao Cut Tongue". disappeared.

Folklorist Zhang Cixi likes to search for all kinds of isolated copies of lyrics and music. One day, while wandering with his friend Jin Shoushen in Xiaoshi, Hair Alley in Xuanwumen, he accidentally found 20 or 30 copies of "Zidi Shu" and bought them at a very small price. .According to the people at the barren goods stall, a snare drummer collected tatters in a certain palace and bought them as barren goods. Among them, Yu "Chong'er Going to the Country", "The Fierce Mastiff Navigating the Dynasty", "Returning to Zhao", "Yuntai" belonged to the Dongcheng tune. Feng Jiang", "Maicheng Ascends to Heaven", "Baidi Tuogu", "Mother Xu Training Son", "Yuchi Seizes the Seal", "A Loyalty", "Hu Di Scolds Yan", "A Thousand Gold and Perfect Virtue"; belongs to Xicheng The tunes include "Burning Flowers", "Tearing Fans", "Mending Fur", "Burning Manuscripts", "Agarwood Drunken", "Zhaojun Hefan" and so on.In addition, there are some funny songs such as "Dream of Huangliang", "Little Dragon Gate", "The Poor Grandma Visiting Xiding", "The Bald Man Going to the Meeting", which can be said to describe all kinds of ugliness in society, and also mixed with many witty jokes Later, "Xiaolongmen" and "Guohui" in Luanzhou shadow puppetry were all plagiarized from "Book of Children".

The author once talked with Pu Lun brothers about "Book of Zidi" from Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera at Lun Beizi Mansion, Datianjing, Beiping.Lun Si said that there is a blind man in the mansion who told Tai Fujin that year. He and Zhang Xiaoxuan, who sang the big drum, are descendants of Han Xiaochuang, a famous Dongcheng tune master. Ear blessing.I am very pleased to replay the old tune. Huang's name is Zilin. Book".That day he played the sanxian by himself and sang a section of "Zhen'e stabs the tiger". I'm not a fan of folk art, but it sounded dreary and drowsy, and I couldn't tell what was good about it. Later, I met Qi Rulao at Zhuiyuxuan and talked about "Books for Children". Qi Rulao is well-versed in various folk arts of.I asked Ru Lao for advice, Xicheng tunes are mainly red and green, why are the books for talented scholars not compiled into "books for children"?Ru Lao said: "In the early years, I regarded the West Chamber as an obscene book in the book review. It was written by Cao Xueqin. Mingyan bought a set for Baoyu, and he wanted to sneak into the garden and secretly read it behind his back. It can be seen that it was listed at that time. It is a banned book. The "Book of Children" was written by the disciples of the Eight Banners, and the people who listened to the book were all the important people in the banner, so this is the reason why it was not included in the "Book of Children." After listening to Ru Lao's analysis, suddenly realized.

Of course there are no more people who can perform "Zidi Shu" now. I think there are still "Zidi Shu" books in major libraries. The materials about the social customs and customs of the Qing Dynasty are extremely rich, but it is better to study the Qing Dynasty What a treasure of social history!