Chapter 3 fan talk

In the early years of China's agricultural society, every year when it came to the peak heat, not to mention air conditioners, even electric fans, exhaust fans and other tools to dispel heat and heat were undreamed of.Therefore, in the hot summer, whether it is a literati, a scholar, a trafficker or a pawn, a fan is indispensable. Although the shapes of round fans and folding fans are different, and the quality of plantains and eagle feathers is different, they have the same effect on repelling insects and attracting wind. Chinese characters have always been known by the world for their subtlety and elegance. At that time, famous calligraphers and painters in Beiping held a fan-painted calligraphy and painting exhibition in Zhongshan Park every year in late spring and early summer. Appear.A fan costs one or two yuan, and the most expensive one does not exceed eight yuan.Zhou Zhaoxiang (Yang'an), the president of the Chinese Painting Association, titled this painting exhibition "Yang Ren Ya Ji", which is both vigorous and simple, yet appropriate and fresh.Looking back now, it makes people feel that Chinese characters are too deep and mysterious.

At the beginning of Taiwan's recovery, some people brought the electric fans of the Watson brand from the mainland to cool them down.However, within a few years, Datong Electric Fan, a new product of Datong Company, came out. Not to mention its high quality, low price, and durability, the most satisfying thing is that it runs silently. Over the past ten years, Taiwan's industry has taken off and its economy has prospered rapidly. Electric fans have gradually been phased out and replaced by air conditioners.Judging from the current situation, although all major cities have installed air conditioners, even remote villages and towns have installed air conditioners as long as there is no shortage of power supply.Since the oil-producing countries have used oil as a weapon, the price of oil has risen again and again. In order to save energy, everyone thinks of the fans who used to promote benevolence.

According to ancient legends, the original name of the fan is "canopy", which was invented by Xuanyuan Huangdi after he defeated Chi You, when he created the six books, performed formations, determined the six laws, used internal classics, and made clothes for palace utensils.Some people say that King Wu of Zhou began to make canopies, and also used them to cover funerals and decorate his chariots.The canopy is from bamboo, and the suit is from feathers. It is presumed that it is a fan woven from bamboo slices and feathers, and it is just a guard of honor to shield the wind and dust in front of the car and behind the car.Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the long-handled "palm fan" used by the emperor and empress Chengyu Yiwei was actually a "barrier fan".

Fans have a long history. From ancient times to the present, there are many types and different materials.Can be roughly divided into: Shengzao's fan is made of bird feathers. Zhuge Wuhou's feather fan is used to strategize. In addition to repelling mosquitoes in summer, the goose feather fan of this sage seems to be decisive for thousands of miles. The feather fan has other magical functions!Hunan is the most famous province for producing lupines. They use the feathers of hawks, geese, storks, and cranes to dye and collect the lupines, which are beautiful and durable.Therefore, in the early years, foreign officials from Hunan Province came to Beijing, and it was the most popular gift of Hunan lupine.In the late Qing Dynasty, carved sesame fans were very popular for a while.The vulture is also called the vulture, and there are many kinds. The advantage is that the feather tube is strong and tough, and the hair is firm and dense. The carved fan carved from the snow of Changbai Mountain in Northeast China is the most precious.Carved fans with ivory handles were occasionally found in antique shops in Beijing in the early years of the Republic of China. At that time, they cost twenty or thirty silver dollars to buy.The reason why it is so precious is that it is said that if a real snow carved or purple carved feather fan is inserted into the vase in the house, mosquitoes, gnats, scorpions and flies will automatically fly away!There is also a saying that people who have a severe cold should wave the carved fan lightly, so they don't need to take shelter from the wind, and they don't have to worry about catching a cold again.

As the name suggests, the Yanling fan is a fan made of wild goose feathers.In the Qing Dynasty, in addition to the guards, each entrance of the Great Wall had a commander-in-chief stationed there. Except for the Yanmen Pass, there was an extra guard besides the commander-in-chief.Wild geese are a kind of migratory bird. Every year, all the wild geese go to Hengyang and return to Yanfeng through Yanmen Pass to spend the winter.It is said that the geese flying past the Yanmen Pass are probably related to the wind direction and air flow. No one flies over the pass. Once they arrive at the Yanmen Pass, they all fly through the gate hole in an orderly manner. Every geese always loses a goose feather.The wild geese come and go at a certain time, and the local people can detect it, which is called geese news.After the wild geese pass by, the garrison will be responsible for counting the number of falling feathers, and will also submit them to the Ministry of War for inspection and acceptance, so as to prepare for the production of arrow feathers.Select some high-quality products and send them to the Ministry of Internal Affairs for inspection and acceptance, and make long-handled palace fans and ritual fans, and send them to Luan Yuwei for use.As for the wild goose feather fans made by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to supply the inner court, a small number of them are scattered among the people, and they are rare and expensive. In addition, some people deliberately exaggerate, saying that people with a cold and weak can't stand the strong wind, so they are attracted by wild goose feather fans. It is Japanese style.Although the price of a wild goose feather fan is not as high as that of a carved fan, it is several times higher than that of a common goose feather fan!

The fan is round.There are also fan handles, rhino horns, lacquer, ivory, and sandalwood roots.Jiang Yan has a poem that says "a round fan is like a round moon, and it comes from Ji Zhong Su". Because the round fan is mostly made of silk, it is called a round fan. Its shape is like a moon, and it is also called "Acacia". In the early years, the girls who were waiting to be married all worked hard on female reds, fighting skillfully in the boudoir, and the feathers and flowers of the landscape ladies on the fan surface were either painted or embroidered.As for the handle of the fan frame and fan, it is even more like a pearl cut, jade carved and gold engraved, which is fascinating.Most of these round fans are played by orchids and merchants. As for officials and merchants, because they are inconvenient to carry, unless they live in seclusion, they are only used to attract wind and block the sun.

In the early years, the author saw a large black and shiny lacquer fan at the Dezhenzhai Antique Shop in Liulichang, Beiping. The center was divided into irregular assorted grids, and each grid had a scene. It was painted for Beizi Yimo.Although Lin Qinnan occasionally painted in his later years, most of them were sent by literati, simple and desolate. It is unexpected that Wei Lao has such profound skills in painting.At that time, I was going with Jiangxi Li Shengduo (Dazhai) Tai Nian Bo, who couldn't put it down, so I had to part with him before I made friends with my seniors.Thinking of the two scenes of Leifeng Sunset and Nanping Evening Bell among the ten sceneries, the layout uses ink leisurely and far-reaching, and it still often lingers in my mind.

Once, at the invitation of brother Tang Peihuang, he ate crabs in his slate house. After the meal, he saw a very unique round fan in the study of his grandfather, Mr. Zhuxin.The handle of the fan is brown bamboo with carved patterns, which is not uncommon. The wonderful thing is that the surface of the fan is all woven with assorted patterns of thin vermilion strips, and a brown wooden carved cliff stands in the middle. Inlaid with a piece of coral-carved crane-top red, in the middle are five silver beads the size of a grain of rice.Zhu Lao said that it was given to him by a Yunnan Miao chief cut from the ancestral Lixiang wood used for sacrificing gods during his tenure as the store supervisor in Wuhan.This kind of wood is thousands of years old, it is immortal, and it can ward off miasma and poison.Those five small silver grains are the most precious treasures used by Miaojiang wizards in practicing Dharma. If they are practiced and tempered, they can be used to conquer ghosts and demons.Don't underestimate those few silver beads. Although you haven't taught Dafa, within three feet, mosquitoes, flies and ants will never invade.Layman Tang Zhuxin is a practitioner of Tantric Buddhism. He has his own views on exorcising demons and ghosts. Since the silver beads on the fan can repel mosquitoes and ants, he put the round fan in front of the Buddha as an offering. .It's a pity that the season for the author to go to Tangfu to eat crabs is late autumn, and the northern regions are cold early, and flies and ants are stalking. Whether the silver beads on the fan can really repel mosquitoes and ants has not been tested, which is really disappointing.

In ancient times, it was called Jutou Fan, also known as folding fan. It is said that it came to China from Korea during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.According to the notes of the Song people, the folding fan is made of steamed bamboo ivory as the bone, covered with silk and decorated with gold and jade.Folding fans were among the tributes from Goryeo in the Yuan Dynasty, so it is said that the folding fan came from Goryeo.Fans are made with the most exquisite workmanship in Suzhou and Hangzhou. The stationery Zhuangnan paper shop calls for Suhang elegant fans. Even in summer, they carry bell string boxes on their backs and go down the streets to string alleys, changing the surface of fans, adding fan bones, and tightening fan shafts. The shopkeepers in the city also kept saying that his goods came from Suzhou and Hangzhou!

When it comes to the ribs and surfaces of folding fans, there is a lot to pay attention to!If you want to talk about it in detail, you can't finish it in 20,000 to 30,000 words, so let's talk about it from the bones first! Fan bones can be roughly divided into four categories: bamboo, wood, tooth, and lacquer. There are several kinds of bamboo fan bones.The most common one is water-milled bamboo, which pays attention to the fine and smooth grain of the bamboo, and the inner bone is soft and tough, without knots or warts.Palm bamboos are purple, black, and brown in color, and there is a kind of bamboo with white spots on the joints. If the density is moderate, it will be more valuable.Xiangfei bamboo, it is said that after the death of Shun, the second concubine cried for the emperor, and the tears stained the bamboo, and the spots were like tear stains, so it is called Xiangfei bamboo, because the stripes are bright and colorful, and the strange weeds are intertwined. , purple fungus, mugwort leaves, dark clouds, vermilion spots and so on.This kind of bamboo is best produced in Hunan and Guangxi, and Gui is better than Hunan.At that time, Hansongge of Yanye Bank was the first place to collect Xiangfei bamboo fans. There are more than 200 Xiangfei bamboo fans with various patterns and colors. .He regards it as a treasure, and puts it in the safe of the bank. He is not a fan fan, and he is not willing to take it out for others to appreciate!

In addition, the famous luthier Xu Lanyuan also has a lot of Xiangfei bamboo fans. Xu opened a Zhulanxuan in Beiping Liulichang, which mainly produces and sells Huqin and Erhu. Bamboo, so he has to deal with bamboo walkers from time to time.One year, I had been with him for many years in a bamboo shop, and I couldn't sell it for a while because of my age. Uncle Xu was generous, and Zhulanxuan gave Baoyuan all of the more than 20 packages of materials (meaning all bought in Beijing dialect).Unexpectedly, when I packed it later, I found that four packages were full of Xiangfei bamboo. Of course, the Huqin shop didn't use Xiangfei bamboo at all except as a burden.Don't look at Xu Lanyuan's family from the Liyuan family, but he is very elegant and ancient. He likes to play around the pool on weekdays. His posture is very close to Fan Yunmen, which is almost unreal. Fan is an expert.This batch of Xiangfei bamboo has been measured and selected by him, and he has actually made more than forty folding fans of top-grade Xiangfei bamboo.Among them, there are two with bright and dark spots and overlapping threads. One looks like Patriarch Jidharma meditating on a futon, with an ancient artistic conception, and the other is like a fish swimming in algae, which is also lifelike.The fan was polished, just in time for Pu Tong, the owner of the red bean shop, to sit in the bamboo orchid pavilion. Uncle Xu was very happy and took out a treasure. I took it away, and later took a full set of the "Thirteen Classics" written by Jiang Heng as a gift.Although it is also very expensive, Uncle Xu always feels uncomfortable in his heart. The famous young Jiang Miaoxiang had a Xiangfei bamboo fan, which was obtained by Feng Huilin from Da Nei and given to his daughter Ma Jinfu. Jinfu later gave Jiang Liu a second string, so this fan fell into Jiang Liu's hands.The bamboo spots on the fan are like a pond of lotus money swimming in the water, with scales and fins connected to each other. Fans are regarded as arched bib.As for Tongrentang Le Yuanke and Dalong Bank Tan Danya, there are a few precious Xiangfei fans in their collections. Although they are all high-quality goods, they seem to be inferior to Han and Xu's collections. Among the fans used by literati and refined scholars, the ebony fan is the largest in size. The length of the fan bone is not less than one foot and six inches, and the width is always more than one inch.Liu Shi'an wrote screen couplets for people in the outer room. He didn't bring a ruler, so he used an ebony fan instead, whichever was wider, longer and thicker.Later, everyone competed for large-sized ebony fans, and it became popular over time. It is not easy to buy a small and exquisite ebony fan!Ebony wood is solid and not easy to use with knives, so most of the ebony fan bones are plain and uncarved.The Urishan native who designed and built the Aili Garden for the wealthy Jewish businessmen Hartung and his wife in Shanghai back then, because ebony and wumu have the same pronunciation, he specialized in collecting wooden fans and spared no expense.He actually has as many as six or seven ebony fans carved by famous masters. Liu Gonglu, a famous survivor in Shanghai, often jokes that the reason why Wumu is named Wumu is because of its fans. Otherwise, no one would know who the people of Wumu Mountain are. yeah. Walruses grow in the ice and snow of the North Pole. Their pair of tusks can reach about three feet. They are ferocious in nature, but they never offend me.Because walruses show their power, giant warships with steel gauges and steel plates can pierce through them, so no animal in the Arctic Circle dares to provoke it easily.When Fan Qiguang (Bing Cheng), a well-known Russian general in the early Republic of China, served as the Chinese director of the Middle East Railway Council, he knew everything about the Middle East Railway in detail.When Fan resigned, a director from the Russian side gave him a pair of walrus tusks. Fan made dozens of pairs of ivory chopsticks, and made two folding fans out of the essence of them. At that time Yu Yuxuan, Wu Nanyu, and Shen Xiaozhuang were all master ivory carvers in Beiping. They could use a single knife to carve 6,000 to 7,000 small characters as thin as a hair on a square inch of ivory, but no one had tried the blade on walrus ivory. .Fan Bing always wanted to carve calligraphy and paintings on walrus ivory bones, but they dared not agree.Later, I found out that another famous artist, Bai Duozhai, was able to carve teeth and bamboo in Yangwen, so he paid a lot of money to ask Bai to play the knife.One side is engraved with the "Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra", and the other side is engraved with the "Eighteen Scholars Yan Le Tu". After the engraving, he chose one for Song Xiaolian, who was once the supervisor of the Middle East Railway.Later, Shanghai Yongan Company held a fan exhibition. This fan was exhibited at the venue. Some people suspected it was ivory, and some guessed it was fish bone, but no one guessed walrus ivory! It is soft and windy, but if it is too long or too thick, it will be easily broken. Therefore, it is rare to see the entire fan bone made of tortoise shell.Venerable Yinguang in Lingyan Mountain, Suzhou has a full tortoiseshell folding fan, which was a gift from an eminent monk in Indonesia. The tortoise amulet is spotty, which is extremely rare.Ordinary tortoiseshell fans are mostly inlaid with strips inlaid in the bamboo heart, and some assorted fans use tortoiseshell as cut lattice bone pillars, which are black and white, which are also very unique. It seems that the horns must be dyed dark green or dark green to pass the game. Because the dark green is too conspicuous, there are not many fan bones using horns.There used to be a Qiujiao shop in Beiping Polishing Factory. By chance, I got a piece of Qiujiao material, which was enough to make a folding fan. After dyeing, the green pillars were black, but it had a simple and elegant style.Later, it was bought by Jin Zhongren, a well-known student, with lacquered gold fans. On the one hand, Jiang Miaoxiang asked Jiang Miaoxiang to paint the orchid of the fragrant green valley of the king.When I acted for Gou Huisheng, I used it once or twice on the stage, but I usually refuse to show it casually! The most famous one is produced in Guangdong, and the products of Longling in Yunnan are also very good.There are two types of sandalwood, yellow and white. The yellow sandalwood wood grain is soft and fragrant, especially the kun fans used by women. They are usually nestled with sandalwood powder, and used in summer. The jade wrist is gently shaken. insect.In the past, sandalwood fans were used for funerals and ceremonies in summer to drive away odors. As for white sandalwood, which is produced in deep mountains and ravines, it is not easy to harvest, so white sandalwood fans are extremely rare. In the past, Mr. He Chengjun (Snow Bamboo) had a white sandalwood folding fan with narrow bones and dense roots. There are.Ms. Tang Ying, the flower of Shanghai, also had a white sandalwood fan. It is said that her husband-in-law bought it for her from Paris, France. Said: "That kind of tenderness is the most beautiful painting in life." Tihong is commonly known as "Dui Zhu", which was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty of my country. The so-called Dui Zhu is to mix resin paint with vermilion material, use hard wood as a pile, apply paint, and then apply a layer after the paint dries. , and piled up layer by layer, it can be piled up to more than fifty times.The drier the paint and the more layers it has, the higher grade it is.Peel off the wooden boards, pick and grind them with delicate techniques, and carve out colorful patterns of Zhu Xia and nine colors. In the Ming Dynasty, red-picking utensils were mainly used as sacrificial utensils such as bottles, Yi, hanging you, and box jewelry. In the Qing Dynasty, the technology of picking red was gradually improved, and then it was expanded to cultural and playful items, such as inkstone covers, red-picking pen tubes, and water bowls with tires. , Ruyi hollowed out, etc., in the Kangxi period, there were more skillful craftsmen who made the bones of the red fan.Qianlong liked to use the imperial pen to write fans, and rewarded his close ministers. If they were paired with red fan bones, it would be more honorable and honorable.The bones of this kind of fans are occasionally lost among the people, and those who get them are all regarded as treasures. In the early years of the Republic of China, there were four folded fans with Qianlong imperial brushes in a brocade box in Jiangu Shanfang, Liulichang. The asking price was 500 silver yuan. In terms of market price, it is really staggering. Also known as cattail fan, cattail leaf fan is abundant in Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province, which is thin and soft, so cattail fan is also a special product of this county. Because of its wide sales and high profits, it has developed skills in weaving and refurbished fancy styles.The rich and powerful families in Guangdong always put a delicate cattail fan in the Zhuluo tent in summer to repel mosquitoes.It is said that the wind from the cattail fan is soft, and the fan will not catch cold on the drowsy person.There are few ponds and ponds in the north, and cattail grass does not grow. Every early spring, there is a kind of peddler who sells southern vegetable burdens across the sea and north to Pingjin. .Although a leaf is small, it is much more elegant than a thick banana leaf. In addition, it is rare and expensive, and those who receive it will cherish it. Maybe the owner will spend money to buy a few to drive away mosquitoes! People in the north call it banana leaves, but in fact they are also made from the leaves of fan cattail. There are no plantains in the north, so it is called banana leaves because of rumors.It is very common for northerners to use banana leaves in the working class. Who knew that they were sold in bundles from Fujian and Guangdong regions and shipped to the Yellow River Basin!During the Spring Festival in the thirty-fifth year of the Republic of China, colleagues in the Rehebei Piao Coal Mine performed Peking Opera, with a complete set of actors and actresses, except for clowns. There was a joke play "Beat the Noodle Vat", and Wang Shuli took the role of the author to admit the lack.When Wang Shuli appeared on the stage, he should take a handful of banana leaves and cut off the four sides to cover his face before he could pass the game. What does a banana leaf look like.Dare to feel that since the September 18 Shenyang Incident, shipping has been cut off, no wonder the younger generation in Rehe have not seen banana leaves. A while ago, Dapeng performed "The Hate of the Fragrant Concubine" at the Art Center. There was a scene where Ma Yuanliang played the role of Ma Yuanliang, a scholar of Ji University who compiled "Siku Quanshu" in the inner court. .However, according to Professor Xia Yuanyu: "Don't look at that humble banana fan, it was bought from the United States." The author heard that every banana leaf must be imported from abroad, and it seems that there is an indescribable feeling in my body. There must be no shortage of people who want to share my feelings. Cantonese people are very flexible in their minds when doing business. In view of the famous Tianzhu chopsticks in West Lake, Hangzhou, they use steel needles to draw and draw inscriptions, which is very unique.A scholar surnamed Wu in the Xinhui had an idea, why not paint on the banana leaves as well!However, banana leaves are brittle and light, which is much more difficult than burning them on chopsticks. If they are too light, there will be no fire patterns, and if they are too heavy, they will burn through the banana leaves and form holes.After his careful thinking, he was actually asked to develop a feasible method: gently spread a layer of talcum powder on the banana leaves, which should be fine and even, and the heat of the steel needle should be controlled properly. , can be handy and lifelike.In this way, his fire-painted plantain fan business naturally prospered day by day, and within a few years, he has become a rich man. There was a student at Beiping Art School who, because he loved listening to drums, went to Tianqiao Ruyi Pavilion and Maoxuan to play drums all day long. He missed too many classes and was ordered to suspend his studies by the school.He was extremely poor and bored, so he ordered thick banana leaves and set up a stall on the overpass to sell fans.He painted three patterns on the oilcloth, one is a tiger crouching in the forest, the other is a dragon potential minister, and the other is a dragon and a phoenix singing together. Brush the colloid evenly, place it next to a charcoal stove with a small bellows and blow it for three to five minutes, take the picture, the wind, cloud, dragon and tiger have their own wonderful postures, but fortunately they are not stained or faded, and the asking price is only ten The large copper coins sold for one or two hundred pieces a day, enough for him to buy drunken songs that day.It's a pity that with the rise of the Anti-Japanese Army, he lost his trace, and his smoky art was also lost, and there is no successor. It is a special product of Chaozhou, Guangdong. The bamboo tendons used to make fans are light and soft, soft and hard. The kudzu silk used for the fan surface is also woven for Chaozhou fans.Chaozhou Fan Shop has masters who specialize in painting fan surfaces, and they specialize in auspicious paintings such as "Joining Officials", "Financial Convergence", "Blessings from Heavenly Officials", and "Five Sons Enrolling in the Imperial Academy".Although it is a bit ingenious, it is not vulgar, so decent people will always put one or two tide fans in their gallbladders in summer to drive away the heat.The advantage of tide fans is that they are light and windy, rare and expensive, and now they have become antiques in antique shops. Because folding fans are easy to carry, and poems and paintings can be inscribed on the fan, they are quite valuable for preservation.There are those who specialize in playing fan bones, and there are various knife techniques such as "single knife shallow carving" and "double knife deep carving".In terms of styles, there are various styles of "Yang Wen Leather Carving", "Yin Wen Leather Carving", "Representing Sand" and "Not Representing Sand". A master of bamboo carving.The bones of the fan engraved by Bai Duozhai are deeply inscribed, and it is generally recognized by fans who play fans that among them, Yu Wu's teeth are better than bamboo, and Shen Zhang's bamboo is better than teeth.Although Shen Xiaozhuang's calligraphy is not very good, but the bamboo carving imitates the landscape figures of the predecessors, running regular script and seal script, but it can penetrate into the essence and is lifelike.Twenty years after the Republic of China, because Shen's eyesight and wrist strength were not as good as before, he should only carve teeth instead of bamboo. A fine piece of Shen's Yang Wen leather carving sand would cost seventy or eighty yuan a handle. Talking about the fan surface is selected by Tongdaotang, one side is lacquered gold, and the other side is cinnabar, which is called the best.This kind of fan surface specially made by the imperial court is not only uniform and thick in lacquer gold, but also easy to get ink without dusting.The author has seen a fan with black lacquer inlaid with mother-of-pearl. On one side, the lacquered gold is the verse of "Qiu Xing", an imperial poem written by Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty. The emerald bird, with its tail and feathers, vermilion and deep green, is not only well painted, but also ingenious in color matching. There are two kinds of sprinkled gold fans: sprinkled gold and five-color gold nuggets. The sprinkled gold should be fine and well-proportioned, and the nuggets should be golden and bright. Silk fan surface is said to be a tribute weaving in the south of the Yangtze River. The colors are light green, porcelain blue, pink, and crimson purple, especially blue and purple. Because Bailing researches gold, silver, and lead powder for writing and painting, the ink is smooth and smooth, and it is very precious. The outer room is extremely rare! Emperor Qianlong had better recite poems and inscriptions, and asked the manufacturing office to make a batch of dyed fans imitating the Song Dynasty. Although the color is light and elegant, it is easy to fade. Shaoxing, Songshan, Shexian County and Xuancheng in Anhui, etc. paid a lot of money to invite famous papermakers from all over the country to gather in Kyoto. In addition to imitating all kinds of paper paper in accordance with the ancient times, they also made various fan surfaces, so powder paper, wax paper, Shu paper, Sunflower paper, vine white, rib pattern, Guanyin, dragon beard, blue cloud spring tree, tuanlongxiangfeng, gold and silver calendered fan surface colorful powder covered with various shapes, paper imitated Song Dynasty imitated Ming Dynasty, clear and strange, ancient and unprepared. It can even imitate Sutra paper, porcelain blue, and Korean hair paper, which can be called magnificent. After Xuantong left the palace, the Palace Museum sold a batch of leather goods, silk, tea, medicinal materials, paper, and fans in stock. The paper and fans had long been divided up by several antique shops in Liulichang.The author saw a few rolls of wax paper and a few vermilion fans at Uncle Fu Yuan's house, all of which were searched for from Liulichang antique shop!He heard from the shopkeeper of Rongbaozhai that Guan Pinghu and He Xuehu from the Hushe Painting Association paid a high price for all the fine fans. He Xuehu later gave up two lacquer fans for one hundred silver dollars each. Wu Hufan, Wu himself was reluctant to paint, and he didn't want to invite him into the painting. It was a pity that Liang Zhongyi forced him to leave during the Anti-Japanese War. The author was in Wuxi, and saw Yang Zanshao, a local tycoon, holding a large folding fan with a name in his hand. On one side was a painting of "Ghost Interesting Picture", signed by Dun Fu, and on the other side was the entire "Book of Filial Piety", signed by Monk of the Temple of Flowers. It turned out to be the masterpiece of Luo Liangfeng, the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou.The fan is nearly three feet long and about an inch and a half wide. Compared with the water-milled bamboo crimson purple oil-cloth fan in the hands of the street gangsters (delinquent boys) in Beiping back then, the large folding fan with a steel shaft painted with one hundred and eight generals of Liangshan heroes is even more majestic. .At that time, I thought it was very strange, why would ordinary people use such a big folding fan, and Yang was a frail scholar, it was too disproportionate to hold it in his hand, and it was inconvenient for us to ask when we had just made friends with each other.Later, senior Liu Yizheng told me that this giant folding fan is called a god fan. It is used by the city god to protect the environment and the people every year, and the believer disciple Huang Mugong paints it as a tribute to the city god when he visits his jurisdiction.The northern provinces seldom hold city god tour ceremonies, so such a large-scale fan is extremely rare. Uncle Wang Songru lived in Lingnan for many years and had many Guangdong habits.One year when I was in my apartment in Peking, I suddenly got excited and started a Qiqiao Festival.The flower hall of Baochan Temple in his family, the front porch and the back building are spacious and Chonghong. From the jade hall to the platform, the red sandalwood Eight Immortals tables are filled with small curios one after another, carefully furnished, and at the same time, the clothes and utensils of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl are displayed.For example, Niudi coir raincoat and straw shoes are not too long, the weaver girl's flower shoes and red dress, and the chariot umbrella fan are several times smaller than ordinary toys. They are all made by the elegant hands of Langui.Among them is a sandalwood folding fan, which is only an inch and a half long, hollowed out and chiselled with flowers, and there are calligraphy and paintings.At that time, I thought this was probably the smallest folding fan in the world. Unexpectedly, in the National Palace Museum in Shuangxi, Taiwan this spring, I saw a palm bamboo folding fan in Xiaoduobaoge, a rare play by the old man Shiquan, which was less than an inch long. Open it up and watch it. It must be the meticulous work of the ministers. The miniature sandalwood that I saw in Bisheqin's residence is much smaller and more delicate. The former cross talk artist Hou Baolin said: "You can see the identity of the fan holder from the fan. Fan fans can be divided into five categories, 'bra', 'wu belly', 'match shoulder', 'youtou' and 'monk Tao collar' The literati and bachelors dance and write, which requires a lot of work and less labor. As long as the breeze blows and slaps the chest, it is enough to cool off the heat but heat up, so it is called a bra. Warriors and warriors are strong and strong. Yu labored, the canopy fan was lightly shaking, it really couldn't relieve the heat, the wrist was strong, and the crotch was the first to bear the brunt, so it was called Wudu. The three aunts and six wives of hundreds of families always stood in front of people and smiled flatteringly. Apart from covering their faces and shame, it was to the parties concerned. Fanying fans, most of the fans are on the opponent's shoulders, so they are called matchmaker shoulders. In the early years, Peking Opera actors, no matter how hot the dog days were, never said that they would rest in summer, and the costumes were three layers inside and outside. , besides wiping sweat and drinking, I also have a part-time job, which is to stand at the door of the hall and fan the corners with a big goose feather fan made of wood. No matter how strong the wind is, it can't shine through For the stage costumes that are carved with gold, fans can only be pushed to the head one by one, so it is called Youtou. In the early years, there was an unwritten rule in the theater troupe that all the fans on the stage were given to the artists. For fanning, you can use big cattail leaf fans, big banana leaves, or all kinds of plume and feather fans, but fans made of chicken feathers are not allowed. It is said that the wind and cold from a chicken feather fan can penetrate the bones, and the dead stay in the house to wait for burial, so use a chicken feather fan Fanning can prolong the time of rot. There are many taboos in the pear orchard, so there is no use for fanning. The Haiqinghe cloak worn by monks and old Taoists is thick to block the wind, and the underwear is loose. Pull the collar to fan, so as to welcome the cool It relieves fever, so it is called monk Taoist leader." Hou Baolin's words can be said to be observant. In the early years of the Republic of China, brocade folding fans were in vogue for a while. Mr. Ye Chuyi married Ms. Wu Rong. Ye Chulao thought that there were two gifts he cherished most. The happy couplet, the first couplet is "Enter Wu overnight, a pair of phoenixes live there", and the second couplet is "Inscribe leaves for thousands of years, monopolize hibiscus".Although the language is close to banter, but it is appropriate and neat at the fingertips, and it is quite extraordinary after all.The other one is a collection fan given by Zhang Pu. The two sides are poetry, calligraphy and painting, both of which are Shuoyan's works for newcomers to celebrate their early success and encourage makeup thrushes. It is indeed a treasure. Zhang Boju of the Salt Industry Bank is well-known for playing fans. His collection of fans is mainly Shi Xian’s calligraphy and paintings. Said that he had all kinds of things.The author has seen one of his collection folding fans. On one side are paintings by Mei, Shang, Cheng, Gou and Wang Qinyi, and on the other side are Yu (Shuyan), Yan (Juyue), Wang (Fengqing), Shi ( Huibao) plus Guo Zhongheng's characters.The calligraphy and painting of these few people can be regarded as first-class masters in Liyuanhang, and they have a very good friendship with Zhang Boju, so everyone uses pens to examine carefully, elegantly and skillfully, compared with their usual calligraphy and painting, their temperament and artistic conception are quite different up. There are still many anecdotes and anecdotes about fans, which can't be exhausted for a while, let's talk about them later!