Li Taibai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem "Northern Wind": "The snowflakes in Yanshan are as big as a mat, and pieces of them blow down Xuanyuantai."Unexpectedly, just to the north of Yanshan Mountain, there is a famous city, which is not extremely cold in winter and suitable for escaping the heat in summer.According to various classics, this famous city was unknown in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. It was not until the Kangxi period that workers gathered resources and built a famous garden "Summer Resort" and two Buddhist temples "Puren" and "Pushan".In the Qianlong period, nine temples were built one after another.The Kang and Qian emperors, as well as the subsequent generations of emperors, always lived there for nearly half a year every year.Xianfeng Long Yu Shangbin, Sushun and others conspired to seize power, and Cixi and Prince Gong Yiqi's uncle and sister-in-law secretly discussed internally and externally, and calmly smoothed out the great changes. They were all completed in the Chengde Palace.In fact, Chengde's official position seemed to be the second political center of the Qing Dynasty, so it became famous far and wide, and was well known both at home and abroad.

Kangxi and Qianlong were both wise and natural emperors of the Qing Dynasty. Why did they manage other courtyards and build temples in the desolate Fortress?Then we have to admire their foresight and foresight, which illuminate thousands of candles. Before Renguan, the Qing Dynasty had already formed an alliance with Mongolia and established the Mongolian Eight Banners Army.Since Beijing was established as the capital of the Central Plains, and since the 20th year of Kangxi, every early autumn, the princes and relatives of Mengzhan will take turns to accompany them to the Mulan paddocks of Inner Mongolia "Wengniute" and "Karaqin" tribal pastures to hunt. .On the one hand, it means to be gentle and distant, and at the same time, it also means to understand the people's feelings, to be kind to the various feudal clans, and to manage the frontier.Kangxi chose the prairie of Mulan Paddock outside the Great Wall, and held large-scale shooting and hunting every year. He also organized the army to practice martial arts and show off my supernatural power, which made the Mongolian ministries afraid of power and morality and dare not have second thoughts. It was not entirely for personal pleasure.The emperors of the Qing Dynasty set out from the capital, and there were a total of nineteen large and small palaces from Gubeikou to the paddock.Because the situation in Chengde is "integrated and the ground is solid and beautiful", they went to the capital post to deliver the memorials, and the comprehensive management of political affairs was no different from that in the palace. Of course, the tribes of these ethnic groups must respect the Lamaism believed by these ethnic groups, so outside the palace, they began to build the Outer Eight Temples.

The Summer Resort is the largest garden of the Chinese royal family, covering an area of ​​more than 8,400 mu. The surrounding garden wall is more than 10 kilometers long. It is divided into four parts: the palace area, the lake area, the mountain area, and the plain area.There are thirty-six scenes inscribed by Kangxi in the garden, and thirty-six scenes were continued by Qianlong later, making a total of seventy-two scenes. The palace area is the place where the emperor attends government affairs every day, holds celebrations and spends his summer vacation. Located at the southern end of the garden, it is completely a traditional palace building.The main palace is the main palace where the emperor lived. The emperor lived in nine levels and had a nine-level honor, so there must be a nine-story courtyard.The gate is called "Lizheng Gate", and there is a plaque inscribed by Qianlong's imperial pen. Inside this gate are the two palace gates of the Outer Meridian Gate and the Inner Meridian Gate.Inner Meridian Gate, also known as "Sheyue Gate", is the place where the emperor shoots. On the gate is a plaque with four characters of "Summer Resort" in Kangxi's imperial pen.Unlike Qianlong, Kangxi inscribed poems and left characters everywhere, and big characters were especially rare.A pair of bronze lions in front of the gate stands on the left and right. They are mighty and vivid, and their workmanship is excellent. They are more delicate and finer than the bronze lions in the three main halls and the Summer Palace. They are the most exquisite pair among honest officials.It is said that when Xiong Bing was the governor of Rehe for the third time, he planned to move the pair of lions away, but he hired a number of workers and couldn't move them at all, so he had to give up.The main hall is called "Danbo Jingcheng Hall", which is the place where ministers give notice and foreign vassals meet.

In July of the forty-fifth year of Qianlong, the Panchen Lama came to Chengde from Tibet, and it was here that he knelt down to pay homage to the Holy One.Qianlong studied Tibetan for two months because of the Panchen Lama's coming to the court, and his words were correct.The Panchen Lama did not follow the principle of worshiping Buddha, and he was not going to kneel down to worship, but he was temporarily frightened by the power of heaven, so he knelt down and bowed unconsciously.To the north of the main hall is the Yiqingkuang Hall, in which there is the "Sizhi Bookstore" written by Emperor Qianlong, where the emperor lived and rested before and after the celebration.The ancient cypresses in the courtyard shade the sky, vigorous and straight.The emperor's bedroom is called "Yanbo Zhishuang Hall", which is magnificent and full of misty rooms.The emperor's imperial couch is located in the west suite, and there is a secret door behind the bed, leading to the secret passage.If there is any danger, the emperor can enter and escape through the secret door.It is said that when Emperor Xianfeng was dying in Yanbozhishuang Hall, Cixi slipped in through this secret door, hid behind the tent, and planned to return to Beijing to seize power after eavesdropping on Xianfeng's edict.

Songhezhai is located in the north of the main palace. It was originally the place where the empress dowager took care of her. The purple emerald house, the quiet curtains, and the back of the corridor are convenient for the emperor to calm down in the morning and evening.Near Songhe Zhai is Wanhe Songfeng Hall, where Kangxi often reviewed memorials and introduced his officials.When Qianlong came to the villa when he was young, he lived here with his grandfather to study. Later, Yuji remembered the grace of the ancestors to him, so he named it "Ji En Tang".Go out of the hall to the north, follow the bluestone path down, and you will enter the lake area.

In the middle of the lake area is Zhijing Yundi, and to the north is Ruyi Island. The clouds and water are clear and fresh, the trees are beautiful, and the scenery of the lake area is panoramic.Ruyi Island is the largest island in the lake. Before the main palace was built, Kangxi stayed in Chengde every year and lived here to handle government affairs.There is a cool and cool hall without heat on the island, Xuantai Lushui, a purple hall with gold shops, a clear pool with a mirror, and a towering shade. It can be said that it is a beautiful place for heaven and man.Yanxun Villa is the main hall on Ruyi Island. The hall is simple and simple, without carvings or decorations.

When holding small celebrations, sometimes banquets are given here for the subordinate ministers.There is a small island in the northwest of Ruyi Island called "Qinglian", and there is a small bridge connecting the islands. Qianlong imitated Jiaxing's Yanyu Tower and built it on top of it, also known as "Yanyu".Every summer rain, the clouds and water are vast, and the buildings are misty and rainy, just like being in the south of the Yangtze River.From "Wanhe Songfeng" to the east along the lake, there is another passage into the lake.After passing through "Jian'a Shengjing" and "Shuixin Pavilion", there are many scenic spots. At first, they were places to stop and take a rest. Later, there were no people to manage them, and only some rocks and rocks remained.From the Shuixin Pavilion to the north, there are shades of greenery, purple mandan weeds, and the Moonlight River Sound Hall in the center.This is a quadrangle courtyard, connected by corridors; the corridors extend in all directions, white stones and clear springs, and the breeze is gentle. It is the place where the emperor read.Further to the north, the terrain is undulating, surrounded by high rocks. At the highest point, imitating Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, there is a three-story hexagonal God Pavilion dedicated to Emperor Zhenwu and Jade Emperor; .

Along the east bank, you can go up to Rehe Spring in the corner of Hubei.Outside the Northeast Great Wall, there are not many hot springs, and the temperature of this spring is particularly high.In late autumn and September, when the chrysanthemums are in full bloom, because the lake is warm and moist, the lotus comes out of the water, and the houses are full of pearls and gills. People who watch it think that the chrysanthemums and lotuses are a wonderful sight.There are five square pavilions along the northwest shore of the lake, with high eaves and shining gold, which are even more magnificent than the five dragon pavilions in Beihai.To the north of the pavilion, there is an endless plain, with tall willows and thousands of chapters, and fragrant grasses like embroidery, which was called "Garden of Ten Thousand Trees" in Qianlong's calligraphy.It is said that in the dense forest, elk wandered, birds soared, and red foxes and hares appeared and disappeared in the grass.

This is where the emperor held a "big yurt banquet" to watch fireworks, watch horse skills, and meet leaders of various ethnic groups and foreign envoys.Therefore, the big yurt has a thick dome, many tents, dotted around, and several small round tents, which are the resting places for princes and envoys.In the forty-five years of Qianlong, the emperor once watched fireworks here with the Panchen Lama and South Korean envoys, and later received the British envoy Margaret here, so that the memoirs written by the British envoy after returning to China misunderstood that the emperor of the Qing Dynasty lived in a yurt.Wenjin Pavilion, one of the four major library buildings in the Qing Dynasty, is located to the west of Wanshu Garden. In the Qing Dynasty, the Siku Quanshu Library was opened. More than 500 learned people were collected in the library to compile and proofread it. It took ten years to complete the manuscript. There are four volumes of "Siku Quanshu", one of which exists in Wenjin Pavilion.Later, after wars and wars, three of them were lost or damaged, and only the Wenjinge one was sent to the Beijing Library for preservation. It is considered the only remaining cultural treasure.

The mountain area occupies the largest area in the Summer Resort, about four-fifths of the whole area.This is a series of natural mountains. The ancient Chinese gardeners cleverly used the method of using mountains as gardens to plan the natural canyons and valleys in the entire mountain area into four routes, which are connected with several scenic spots at the foot of the mountain and the lakeside.The northernmost ravine is called Songyun Gorge. In the gorge, there are towering ancient trees and ridges and peaks. On the east side, there is a pavilion. After snowfall, you can climb up and look at the peaks of Nanshan Mountain.Maple trees are planted all over the hillside to the north of it, with luxuriant and shaded leaves, setting off the beauty of a maple leaf red in February flowers.

After several twists and turns, we arrived at the Luozhao Pavilion on Hammer Peak.Before sunset in the evening, looking at the Qingchui Peak in the east from the pavilion stands upright in the sky, which is an important borrowing scene for the Summer Resort.During the Qianlong period, every year in Rehe, and during the Double Ninth Festival, the emperor always invited the empress dowager to climb here to serve meals.Because of its strange image, there are many myths in the folklore. It is said that a long time ago, two immortals came to Chengde and were moved by the hardworking and honest people of Chengde. Before leaving, they put a golden stick on the top of the mountain. A blessed place with beautiful water.From Songyun Gorge to the Luozhao Pavilion on Hammer Peak, you can enjoy the infinite scenery of thousands of mountains and rivers in the mountainous area. When the emperor was dealing with all kinds of situations, he occasionally felt lazy, so he came here for a while, solving doubts and difficulties, and everything can be done naturally. It worked out. The eight outer temples in Rehe are Puren Temple, Pushan Temple (no longer exists), Sumeru Fushou Temple, Shuxiang Temple, Guang'an Temple, Arhat Hall, Pule Temple, Putuo Zongcheng Temple, Anyuan Temple, Puning Temple, Puyou Temple eleven temples.Why is it called Waiba Temple?Because these temples are divided into eight parts, they were placed under the jurisdiction of Lama Temple in Beijing during the Qianlong period, and they were all distributed around the Mountain Resort, so they are called Outer Eight Temples. Pule Temple was built in the 31st year of Qianlong for the pilgrimage of Kazakh Brut national leaders.Its main hall, Xuguang Pavilion, has a large three-dimensional mandala, which is a world-famous Buddha statue of Lamaism. It is the only one in the mainland except Tibet. Anyuan Temple was built in the 29th year of Qianlong imitating the Gulza Temple in Yili.When the temple was built, it was contracted by a family member of the eunuch, and there were places where work was cut short, and the supervisors did not dare to re-examine Chen Zou according to the facts, so now only the main hall, Pudu Hall, is preserved. Buddhist stories, solemn and mysterious.Green Tara is the most powerful Buddha that Tibetans believe in. It is said that the statue of Green Tara in Anyuan Temple is even more powerful. Every year, several believers come from Tibet to worship. The only remaining temples on the west bank of the river are: Puning Temple, covering an area of ​​three hectares, second only to Putuo Zongcheng Temple among the Outer Eight Temples.As soon as you enter the courtyard, there is a stele pavilion surrounded by stone railings and heavily built.The inscriptions describe the process of building the temple in detail in four languages: Han, Manchu, Mongolian, and Tibetan. It is said that the four languages ​​were written by Emperor Qianlong, so they are particularly valuable.The Mahayana Pavilion, the main hall in the middle, has three-story arched eaves inside, six-story eaves on the outside, and five spires. Ten meters long and weighed one hundred and ten tons.On the ground floor of the main hall, only the legs of the Buddha can be seen. You have to go up to the third floor to look at the head of the Buddha.This Buddha has forty-two arms, with one eye in each palm, and on top of his head, there is also a small Buddha, the Buddha of Immeasurable Light, who is said to be the master of the Buddha.The Mahayana Pavilion symbolizes Mount Sumeru, where the Buddha lives.There are four major continents and eight small continents in Siwai. This kind of legend has been seen in the classic novel "Xihu Ji".In addition, around the hall, there are four white, green, red, and black Lama pagodas: the white pagoda contains the cultural relics of Songtsan Gampo, the green pagoda contains several treasures, the red pagoda contains the relics of the Buddha, and the black pagoda contains the original Buddhist temples in Tibet. Ben teaches classics. The Zhengbei Putuo Zongcheng Temple is the largest of all the temples in Chengde, covering an area of ​​22 hectares. It was built from the 32nd year of Qianlong to the 37th year. It completely imitates the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet.The mountain gate of the temple is like a tower, Chongyong beefy and majestic. When you walk into the mountain gate, you will see a glazed archway with gold-decorated scales and winding dragons. At the same place, stands the Dahong Terrace. Dahong Terrace is located on a 17-meter-high white stone platform made of granite and bricks. It has seven floors on the outside, but there is actually a circle of three-story buildings inside.Dahongtai is more than 25 meters high, and the outside is painted red.In the middle and at the top, there are glazed niches with overlapping trusses, majestic and majestic, with carved eaves hiding the sky.Climbing up to the Baitai and standing at the foot of the Dahongtai, I feel even more extraordinary. Looking back to the southeast, there are nine heavenly pavilions and Linyufan Palace, and this body is like being in a fairyland.Entering Dahongtai, you can clearly see the surrounding three-story collapsed buildings and remnants, and some wooden pillars are still left in the wall.There is a square hall in the center of the red platform, called "Wanfa Guiyi Hall". The roof is painted with gold and strange beasts, and the emerald tiles and gold paving are shining brightly under the sunlight, which is a spectacle.In the hall, there are bronze statues of Amitayus sitting in half lotus of different sizes, reflecting that Qianlong built this temple to pray for his loving relatives and birthday.The Xumi Fushou Temple adjacent to the east of the temple was built in the forty-seventh year of Qianlong for his 700,000 birthdays. It was built to welcome the Panchen Lama VI to Rehe for his birthday. .It can be seen from this that during the Kangxi and Qianlong periods of the Qing Dynasty, the Huairouyuan people restrained and won over the frontier ethnic groups. When the Anti-Japanese War was won, the author was working in the Beipiao Coal Mine, and suddenly received a summons from the Rehe High Court, saying that the Jehol Tax Office accused the Beipiao Coal Mine of delaying and failing to pay coal taxes, and that the deadline for reporting to court was limited. The Finance Department is in charge.The author then took a section chief named Bao to Chengde to answer the hearing, and presented the official document to the tax office to report to the tax law after taking over the coal mine in court for review. At that time, I muddled and filed letters about how to handle tax payment documents from various state-owned enterprises without a reply. The tax office found out that it was true and knew that I was wrong, so I hurriedly withdrew the notice and went to the hotel to express my apology.After the conversation, the director was the author's nephew, and after he persuaded him to stay, since he came to Chengde, he should visit the Rehe Palace.My lord, who went to Section Chief Bao with me, worked in the imperial palace in the late Qing Dynasty, and there is still a complete map of the Jehol official at home. I followed the map, although in some places the palace flowers are luxuriant and the city is full of dust. Finally, the preservation is roughly not bad, and I can vaguely figure out the scenery of the year. In the blink of an eye, more than 30 years passed in a blink of an eye. The Lingtai is ethereal. After experiencing the world, looking north at the sky, thinking of mountains full of tobacco in the distance, the clouds are cold and green, which makes people dare not imagine.