Chapter 20 Seek pleasure from drinking as a song

Reading history is like looking at a beautiful woman with a rolling curtain, layer upon layer, only hoping to see the truth.Although there are great differences between Eastern and Western cultures, some things have the same purpose, such as killing wild animals to eat meat, and taming horses to ride.There is also such a thing as wine. When Egypt built the pyramids, they gave slaves bread and beer to drink; looking east, Babylon’s "Code of Hammurabi", which is full of love and hate before the B.C., also had a decree on wine brewing ;The crooked words in the ancient documents pushed the age of beer forward. Four thousand years ago, the Sumerians were full and used their surplus food to brew beer; the Syrians and Egyptians were prophetic and directly used straws to deal with .This is the unfairness of the origin of civilization: in the second thousand years BC, people in many places were still drinking blood, and the West Asians drank beer first.

China is a huge country, and no one will be left behind in anything. "Lu's Spring and Autumn" said that King Yu of Xia worked hard to control the water. He never entered the house three times. He devoted himself to his career. The people were moved. A simple comrade named Yidi offered wine.Prince Yu praised it as sweet, but the sages had a high awareness and sighed: "In future generations, there must be people who will perish the country because of wine." Of course, China's history is too long, and the literature is too complicated, unlike today's telephone car, which can be arbitrarily invented.In the texts of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Fei Yidi was kicked, and Du Kang was the first to say that he made wine.But there are also some people who go their own way. Jin Jiangtong said in "Jiugao": "There is no end to food, and there is nothing left to mulch; smoldering into flavor, long-term storage of fragrance; this is why it is not a strange recipe." That means: Unfinished food is left in the open space, and after a long time, it will naturally ferment and become wine.Francis Bacon once speculated that the Chinese people ate roast pork because wild boars were burned to death in the forest, and the ancients enjoyed it.It is not far from the meaning of Jiang Tong's words.

In fact, what I want to talk about here is still the entertainment of wine.An eternal truth of world history is that rare things are more expensive.Europeans used to sacrifice wine to the gods in the early years when wine was hard to come by. Later, when cigars first arrived in Europe, they were quite rare. Some popes also stipulated that cigars must be lit during mass to create a mysterious atmosphere.The same is true for the Chinese, who use wine and Taimiao to worship their ancestors.In the Spring and Autumn Period, the people of the state of Chu paid tribute to the king of Zhou for the wine of Qian.It was originally a small matter of offering tribute to local products, but since it has something to do with wine, it is naturally inseparable from the ancestors. "Zuo Zhuan Xigong Four Years" said that when Duke Huan of Qi attacked Chu, Guan Zhong's excuse was: "Ergong Baomao can't enter, the king's sacrifice can't be shared, and there is no way to shrink the wine." That means it is not the time for you to pay tribute to Baomao , I missed the sacrifice!It can be seen that in the Spring and Autumn Period, wine is a good thing, and ancestors and ghosts also like to drink it.

But any elegant thing, once it spreads, the whole people will inevitably become soldiers.Egyptian laborers drink beer under the scorching sun, just like Retim Robbins drinking beer with everyone in the prison, in addition to quenching thirst, it is also entertaining.After all, there are few leaders like Dayu who are wary because of the sweetness of the wine.King Zhou, the last emperor of the Shang Dynasty, lacked this awareness of being prepared for danger in times of peace. "Historical Records Yin Benji": "Use wine as a pool, hang meat as a forest, and make men and women chase each other naked, and drink for a long night." The concept is wonderful, and its lewdness is comparable to those of the Roman Empire.A character like King Zhou who closely combined drinking, eating meat, sex with men and women with nightlife is the first to open up a sensual place for future generations.Of course, there are many sages who think it is impossible, but King Zhou "sufficient to defend himself, and his writing is sufficient to cover up his faults."The downside is that the leader is too smart, you can't argue with him.

The Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty passed away, and the era entered the Spring and Autumn Period.Although wine is still a luxury, it is enough to drink. You don’t need to take a piece of oriental silk as a treasure and show it off in various theaters in Rome like Caesar.Duke Huan of Qi wanted to dominate, so he asked Guan Zhong vigilantly: "I am unfortunately lustful, but I like to go on outings, and I like to drink. Will this make me subjugate the country?" The double-edged sword of sex and inertia.Mencius, a serious person, has a very specific attitude. "Mencius Li Lou Xia": "Yu hates wine but loves kind words." The pros and cons of good wine and kind words are as if this wine is a very vicious thing-of course let him go The old man may not be accurate, after all, most of the classic sentences he said when lobbying the princes were after drinking and eating meat.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the people had some surplus food and wine to drink.Goujian had suffered enough from the King of Wu, and returned to Yue to try his best.If the population is too small, people are encouraged to have more and faster births, which is completely opposite to the current family planning.The reward policy is: "For a husband, two pots of wine, one dog; for a daughter, two pots of wine, one dolphin." Wuyue has always been a water town, and the people don't worry about drinks, so the specialness of wine is revealed: there is only this drink Can be so entertaining.Take a look at the millenniums in the future, at home and abroad, which dynasty would reward the people with tea, coffee and Coca-Cola?

After the Warring States Period, wine was no longer a precious commodity. "Historical Records: Biographies of Assassins" said: "Jing Ke was addicted to alcohol, and he drank with Gou Tu and Gao Jianli in Yan City. who." Killing a dog is not considered an elegant art, and they dragged Gao Jianli around the market, drinking and singing with accompaniment.Drinking and singing finally organically combined, becoming a symbol of Ren Xia's freedom, and it is no longer limited to temples, but has become the enjoyment of the working people of the lower class. At the end of the Warring States period, there were more and more rangers and ronin, and wars continued frequently, and everyone was full of complaints and complaints.Since wine is a good thing to express emotions and relieve worries, it will inevitably become a catalyst.Basically since then, wine has been associated with singing.Moreover, this song is not the Huang Zhong Da Lu played by the chime bells and golden drums in the court hall during the Zhou Dynasty, but an impromptu entertainment ballad.There is an example of Jing Ke in the state of Yan, but the southerners also sing after drinking.According to "Historical Records Cao Xiangguo Family", Cao Shen is similar to most of Liu Bang's founding lineages. When he was young, he was the warden of Pei County.After Xiao He's death, he entered the court and became the prime minister. All the systems were based on Xiao He's system, and the idiom "Xiao Gui Cao Sui" was created.When someone came to the door and wanted to have a serious chat, they just poured alcohol directly until they got drunk.The most interesting thing is that there is a wonderful neighbor living next door to his house, and there is a small official who loves to drink. After drinking, he yells and sings karaoke at home every day.The little official of Cao's family couldn't take it anymore, so he went to Xiangguo to make a small report: someone was yelling outside the backyard again!When Cao Shen heard this, he quickly ordered: take the wine and take the table!He ran to the backyard by himself, opened his posture, and listened to the neighbor's little official singing happily. Cao Xiangguo drank a toast, then raised his voice, and began to sing with his neighbor.

With such a Xiangguo, Liu Bang himself can imagine.When he was in his sixties, he returned to his hometown and "called his father, elders and children to indulge in drinking".At that time, enemies like Xiang Yu and internal troubles like Han Xin were all dead. It is estimated that the old man was also clean and lonely.A few years ago, Baideng City in the north was besieged by the Xiongnu for seven days. He almost lost his life. Thinking about the outstanding general who had no successor, he was even more dejected. While drinking, he began to sing the song of the wind: "The wind rises, the clouds fly, and the wind rises in the sea. Let’s go back to our hometown and guard the four directions with a strong warrior!” One person is not enough to sing, and a hundred and twenty children from Pei County have to be called to sing in a chorus.This kind of reception is extraordinary, although it is melancholy, it is still gratifying, because the world has been won, and death is also deserved.Thinking back to the early years at the Hongmen Banquet, I didn't even dare to drink, let alone sing.On the contrary, Xiang Zhuang stood up and asked for sword dancing to add to the fun, which is also a kind of entertainment.However, sword dancing is quite different from music dancing and singing.In the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu praised "Aunt Gongsun's Sword Dance", which is a beautiful woman with a sword dance to make people feel refreshed.You, Xiang Zhuang, are a reckless man with a helmet and armor and a sword, and you have no professional training. You must not look good when you dance.

Cao Shen is an example, which makes people understand that the Taoist demeanor of inaction and leisure is related to wine.As time goes by, drinking has become more and more a label, as if it can be pasted on the forehead to distinguish right from wrong.Just like today people are divided into groups according to drinking beer, wine and whiskey. "Three Kingdoms Gu Yong Biography" said that Gu Yong, the prime minister of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, "is a serious man, does not drink alcohol, and speaks less."It’s fine to mention a person who is serious, and he “doesn’t drink alcohol”. It is estimated that there is no way to ask him to sing, so “Sun Quan has always been afraid of him”.

Sun Quan is a person who likes to hunt and shoot tigers, and of course he has nothing in common with this kind of old man who doesn't smile or drink.In comparison, Cao Cao is very broad.In the thirteenth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao ordered a ban on alcohol due to famine and food shortages. However, a few years earlier, he also presented spring wine to Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, and played "Nine Wine Brewing Laws" to introduce wine making methods to the emperor.The most wonderful thing is that the thirteenth year of Jian'an was the season of Chibi, and in Luo Guanzhong, Cao Cao sang the famous "Singing to wine, how much life is... Du Kang is the only one who can relieve worries." Cao A told Jian'an With a strong character, poetry and wine are unavoidable.After drinking, he sang and wrote poems, and Su Shi would be envious even after a thousand years.

The romance of wine was the most popular in the Jin Dynasty. "Book of Jin" says that Liu Ling, who likes to run naked, "often rides in a deer cart and carries a jug of wine, which makes people drank a lot of wine and follows him. It is said that 'if you die, bury me!'" belongs to the chicness of being happy with the situation and drinking until death. "Book of Jin Ruan Ji Biography" said that Sima Zhao wanted to propose to Mr. Ruan, and Mr. Ruan was intoxicated for two months, and he was already able to be a mess. No wonder the later Mr. Cao Xueqin wanted to be called "Mengruan".It's just that people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties drink alcohol not just for entertainment.Ye Mengde's "Shilin Poetry Talk" said: "People in Jin talk a lot about drinking, and some people get drunk. This may not necessarily mean wine. It's hard to cover the time, and everyone fears disaster. Only relying on drunkenness can be crude and far-sighted." To put it bluntly These are to use alcohol to hide your face, pretend to be crazy under the pretext of being drunk, and avoid those stupid things in the world.The so-called "drunkard's intention is not to drink", is Ouyang Xiu more than one? After the Wei and Jin people brought wine and entertainment to the extreme, wine was not pure.Tao Yuanming drank Dongli to show his ambition; Li Bai asked people to take off his boots when he was drunk, which was arrogance; Song Taizu invited generals to drink to understand military power, which was complicated and troublesome. It is necessary to give a very simple example. Legend has it that when the Romans arrived in Egypt, Cleopatra's father, Oretus, was a fat man who loved wine and music.When entertaining the Roman generals, besides serving hippopotamus meat, peacock tongue, and crocodile soup, he also took the lead in drinking. As for getting drunk, he was so proud that he played a flute for the Roman generals.This made a bad impression on the honest Roman generals, saying that "this Egyptian is very licentious."Only Anthony, who likes oriental culture, is quite fond of talking about this matter.Anthony finally became the son-in-law of Oretes, and died in Alexandria with Cleopatra, which can be regarded as a good example of wine as a sex matchmaker.