Chapter 26 water gate bridge

According to the plan of General Song Shilun, commander of the Ninth Corps, the 26th Army will mainly attack Xiajieyuli, and the latest attack time should be December 5.However, Jieyuli was very calm on December 5th, and the Chinese army did not make any large-scale attacks.The reason why the 26th Army did not launch the attack as scheduled was because the advance speed of this army was slow. On the 5th, they were still 50-70 kilometers away from Xiajieyu.Therefore, when the U.S. Marine Division 1 in Liutan-ri retreated to Xiajieyu-ri, the best opportunity for the 26th Army to attack the U.S. troops in Xiajieyu-ri had been lost.The battlefield report after the war showed that before the U.S. troops in Liutanli did not break through, the U.S. troops in Xiajieyuli had only two infantry platoons.

The post-war summary of the Chinese Twenty-Seventh Army had general significance for the Chinese army in the Korean battlefield at that time: the enemy was underestimated; the large forces were too scattered, and the small forces were too concentrated; the means of reconnaissance were limited, and the logistics supply was seriously insufficient... By December 5th, the number of US troops assembled in Xiajieyu had reached about 10,000, with about 1,000 vehicles of various types.The personnel and vehicles of the U.S. military are concentrated in a small area with a radius of only a few square kilometers. With such a density, coupled with the mountains of military supplies, even if one shell falls here, it will cause huge casualties.However, the Chinese army fighting on the eastern front of Korea lacks the ability to move artillery quickly, so it can only watch the US military gather together on a large scale.

However, at least Commander Smith knew in his heart that the Chinese army was determined to eat him: the Chinese 26th Army was approaching here step by step, and the 27th Army was also pressing from the direction of Yudam-ri.To make matters worse, on the way of the 1st Marine Division's next retreat, Chinese soldiers from about five or six divisions had already moved south quickly, preparing to block the road from Xiajieyuli to Gutuli and even Wulaoli on both sides.And now, all the bridges on this road have been blown up by Chinese engineers.It can be said that the 1st Marine Division is still deeply surrounded, and the road to break out of the siege must be full of death traps.

The order issued by the U.S. Tenth Army is just one sentence: retreat to the Weixing area as soon as possible. Commander Smith also wished he could immediately retreat to Chengxing, which is on the verge of the Korean Gulf, but his 1st Marine Division couldn't do it at all, except to reorganize the troops that had experienced fierce battles and suffered huge losses, and let the soldiers recover their physical strength a little bit. In addition, and more importantly, the wounded in every tent in Xiajieyu must be evacuated first.The number of wounded was about 5,000, and it was absolutely impossible to take them through the long bloody road and retreat to the coast.

There's only one way: by air.The wounded were airlifted out of Xiajieyu. The airstrip in Xiajieyu is finally operational.This was the only ray of light that Mr. Smith felt in these dark days.When Almond, the commander of the Tenth Army, urged the 1st Marine Division to quickly attack northward, the 1st Marine Division seriously delayed the northward advance because of its insistence on building the airport. Smith almost lost his career as a soldier because of this.But only 11 days later, when the first C47 plane of the Far East Air Force flew out of Xiagaru-ri carrying the wounded, the Tenth Army finally saw the necessity of building this airport.

In the work of evacuating the wounded, the Marines found the fake wounded of the 7th Division of the US Army who had fled in a hurry on the runway of the airport.These U.S. Army soldiers "went out onto the runway, wrapped themselves in a blanket, fell on a stretcher and groaned loudly, so the medics lifted them onto the plane."In this case, a military doctor reported a strange number to Commander Smith: There were originally 450 wounded in the tent under his jurisdiction, but the number of wounded he transported away that day was 941.When it got dark, he returned from the airport to find another 260 people lying in his tent.The military doctor believes that if inspections are not strengthened, more "uninjured soldiers will get on the plane."Commander Smith immediately announced that the military doctor was "the final arbiter of eligibility to board the plane."In order to carry out the ruling more conveniently, the military doctor chose a living "sample": a military doctor named Laysenden was limping due to frostbite on his feet, so all the wounded had to be compared with this military doctor. No one heavier than Dr. Lessenden is allowed on the plane."

In addition to the wounded, Commander Smith insisted on carrying the bodies of nearly 200 American soldiers onto the plane.For this reason, he quarreled with the headquarters of the Tenth Army again. Smith's attitude was very tough: "We will bring back these corpses at the cost of our lives. We will never leave these dead soldiers in the lonely and desolate Northeast Northeast." In the village!" However, in Liutan, the bodies of the dead American soldiers had been buried on the spot.What annoyed Smith even more was that the frostbite of the soldiers transported to the Japanese hospital caused public opinion to criticize the 1st Marine Division, saying that the frostbite of the soldiers was "the negligence of the commander" and asked the military court to "investigate the negligence".For this reason, Smith angrily wrote another letter to General Cates, the commander of the US Marine Corps: I have just awarded a silver star to a sergeant here. frostbite.Can you court martial this soldier for failing to take effective measures to prevent frostbite?Can you send his battalion commander, regimental commander, and division commander to a court-martial for this?

In the battle on the Eastern Korean Front, the number of Chinese troops with poor equipment and supplies who lost combat effectiveness or even died due to frostbite was about 10,000, which is almost astronomical compared to the number of combat soldiers lost by the US military. number. Although Mr. Smith's anger implied evasion, it is indisputable that war is war. In order to retreat, the U.S. military carried out an unprecedented supply of supplies to Kayuri.U.S. military four-engine aircraft dropped large quantities of food, medicine, gasoline and ammunition with red, blue, yellow, green and orange parachutes.The parachutes of the Ambassador's Air Force were so large that they had to be retrieved from the ground in Hagaru-ri, but the parachutes that landed in Hagaru-ri had been torn apart by American soldiers and used as blankets and scarves to keep out the cold.Because the ground was very frozen, more than half of the airdropped materials were damaged when they landed, and some fell within the fire control range of the Chinese army. Therefore, although the total weight of the airdropped materials had reached more than 300 tons, Commander Smith still thought it was not enough.Another important addition to the 1st Marine Division is personnel. More than 500 Marine Corps officers and soldiers who were wounded when they landed in Incheon and have now recovered were also air-dropped to Xiajieyu-ri to serve as the main assault force when the First Marine Division retreated.

During the great retreat of the First U.S. Marine Division in Xiajieyu, one issue has become a historic one. That is, according to the power of the U.S. Air Force, more than 10,000 U.S. troops in Xiajieyu were transported by air. Get out, not impossible.At that time, the U.S. Air Force sent Major General Dana, who was in charge of commanding military operations in this area, to Xiamayuli to meet with Commander Smith, and clearly suggested that the Air Force's C-47 aircraft be used to evacuate all personnel of the 1st Marine Division.However, why the Marine Corps gave up the safe air retreat and chose the ground breakout of the narrow escape, the explanation of Commander Smith is: if the airlift is carried out, the circular position in Xiajieyu must be gradually contracted, and the troops will be transported away in batches. , then, once the Chinese army launches a large-scale attack during the airlift (this possibility is extremely high), not only will the airlift immediately fall into great chaos, but it will be difficult for the U.S. military in the state of airlift to immediately organize effective resistance. It will suffer great casualties, and there may even be an uncontrollable situation. Once this situation occurs, the First Marine Division will be completely destroyed.Furthermore, the air transport must draw out troops to guard the airport, and the troops guarding the airport will be completely annihilated by the Chinese army after the last plane takes off.In addition, there is no possibility of breaking through the encirclement together while waiting for the large troops to retreat and pass by at Huangcaoling. They will also become a delicious meal for the Chinese army alone.Given all these factors, a ground breakout, while dangerous, offers more opportunities than airlift in terms of saving more lives.

Smith was a division commander, the division commander of the entire division of the 1st Division of the United States Marine Corps. On the afternoon of December 5th, half a day before the retreat time set by Smith, Smith held a press conference at the strong request of the reporters.American journalist. British journalists and French journalists flew from Hamhung one after another, and they had already reported the dire situation of the Marine Corps to the world.The brutal retreat was imminent, and Smith didn't have the heart to engage in verbal dealings with the reporters, but when the reporter mentioned whether the Marine Corps was "retreating" or "retreating", he once made a strange noise when the Marine Corps was retreating southward from Liutan-ri. Commander Smith, who gave the order to "attack south", became excited immediately: the retreat was forced by the enemy, and it was a transfer to the rear area maintained by friendly forces.However, in this battle, the rear is also occupied by the enemy, so this is not a retreat, but an attack!

On the second day, the headlines of the major Western newspapers were eye-catching and frightening: It is unreasonable to say that the retreat is an attack in other directions! On the evening of December 5th, all the 155mm artillery pieces on the U.S. artillery position in Xiajieyu were fired at the same time, and the huge roar shook the valley that had been silent for two days.The targets of the heavy artillery were the blocking positions of the Chinese army on both sides of the road where the 1st Marine Division was about to retreat to the south, and all areas where the U.S. military suspected that such a possibility was possible. For fear of damaging the road, the artillery used a method that exploded at a certain height from the ground. The fuze of the artillery shells was fired, and the purpose of firing all the excess shells was also attached. Therefore, the intensive firepower bombardment by the US military continued until the early morning of the 6th. On the night of the 5th, the US military was ready to go.The soldiers were told that on such a night, the Chinese army would definitely launch an attack on Xia Mayu on an unprecedented scale, so every small sound that appeared around them would cause inexplicable panic.Suddenly, there was a loud explosion, and a huge fireball fell on the tents of American soldiers in Hagaru-ri. After the horrific casualties and sudden chaos ceased, it was discovered that the U.S. Air Force B -26 twin-engine bombers, which dropped American-made aerial bombs, 130mm rockets and 12.7mm machine gun pistols.Smith exclaimed angrily, how could this happen?Where did the Navy Shi plane on duty over Xiajieyu go?The American pilot's later explanation was: We received the order to "attack Xiajieyu-ri" on the radio-so, the US Air Force issued a wrong order in the radio signal?Or did the Chinese issue a "wrong" command with a captured US military radio station? In the early morning of December 6, the large-scale retreat of the US military from Xiajieyu to the south began. First of all, the U.S. military detonated the explosives themselves. They wanted to completely destroy Xiajieyu, especially military facilities and all houses that could keep out the cold.Bulldozers crushed mountains of canned food, doused them with gasoline and set them on fire.The goods that cannot be taken away also include some products from the canteen attached to the army. Among the products are toffee toffees wrapped in beautiful paper. Dry food is worse than letting the soldiers eat it.So, on that day, thousands of American soldiers walking out of Xiajieyu were all chewing toffee toffee in their mouths. When the last batch of U.S. troops left Xiajieyu, the Chinese soldiers who rushed into Xiajieyu braved the shells fired by the U.S. troops and searched for supplies that could supplement their continued operations in the fire. The U.S. troops leaving Xiajieyuli are a huge, luxurious, and joint action team of various arms: the vanguard is led by tanks and advances along both sides of the road, followed by a long line of mixed infantry and vehicles. Columns, and then the rear guard.The artillery and the vanguard had already set off before, in order to occupy the firing position first.Over the entire team, more than 100 planes at the same altitude closely covered the retreat on the ground.This is the largest air cover since the beginning of the Korean War, from the aircraft carriers "Wright", "Barry", "Forky", "Philippine Sea", "Princeton", "Stred", " The carrier-based planes of Verdun and Sicily, as well as the reconnaissance planes, fighter jets, medium and heavy bombers of the U.S. Fifth Air Force, took off in turn, forming a tight airspace in the airspace through which the entire First Marine Division retreated. The covering firepower net. There was fog in the early morning of the 6th purpose. The vanguard of the 1st Marine Division actually found a few Chinese soldiers who were still sleeping on a high ground. The next situation was not good. A desperate attack on the U.S. military began.The Chinese army let the tanks of the vanguard of the U.S. troops pass, and then violently shot the U.S. infantry. Dense bullets were fired from every hill on both sides of the road. At the same time, amidst the sound of the brass horns that made the American soldiers shudder, the Chinese soldiers rushed up to fight the American soldiers fearlessly.The order of the retreat of the marine divisions began to be chaotic, and the long convoy was forced to stop and resist.Although it was daytime, the brave blocking of Chinese soldiers made it take a whole day for the U.S. troops to withdraw five kilometers. it's dark. The troops of the Chinese Twenty-sixth Army finally arrived at the battlefield. Song Shilun's order to the Twenty-sixth Army was to launch a resolute attack on the retreating US troops in an all-round way.The Seventh Regiment of the First Marine Division resisted the attack of the Chinese Twenty-sixth Army. The soldiers of this regiment had already rolled to death several times, so they had no scruples about facing the Chinese soldiers. Desperate resistance in an almost crazy state.The fifth regiment of the 1st Marine Division was the rear guard, resisting the suppressed troops of the Chinese 27th Army.On the various hills on both sides of the road, the situation of repeated scrambles between the warring parties continued, killing the desolate valley to the sky.American soldiers later called this valley the "Valley of Fire and Purgatory." Private Barry of the First Marine Division.Lester once recalled: The Chinese commander commanded the troops effectively, and their army took full advantage of the advantages of the rear triangle formation, attacking our center and flanks in squads. The five of us were spread out on a steep slope with a height of about 25 yards on the flank, and fought the Chinese soldiers for three or four hours.They rushed up, trying to reach the grenade throwing distance, and then retreated.I was shot in the leg and it hurt like hell and the blood flowed all over the place but eventually stopped because the blood froze. The Chinese rushed closer and closer each time, and our ammunition was almost exhausted. One sergeant I ran into this afternoon had a wound in the stomach and must have hurt the spine because he said he couldn't move.He asked me to give him the magazine, and he covered us to go down to the supply line on the road. I was very sad because I knew he would definitely not survive. If the Chinese knew that we were going down, they would definitely come after us. . This is the best time to annihilate the US military.Chinese soldiers know this. On a high ground stuck on the side of the road, a platoon of Chinese soldiers has been standing here since November 29th, and they are waiting for this moment with hunger and cold.The soldiers of the U.S. Marine Corps frantically wanted to seize this high ground. They surrounded the high ground tightly, used all the firepower they could use, and climbed up the high ground by rope like mountaineers, but this high ground was always under the control of the Chinese army. hands. On December 7, Montrose, an expert on American military history, called this day's battle "the most spectacular battle": the Marines had never seen such a large number of Chinese flocking.The Chinese attacked tenaciously again and again. Sometimes the night sky was intertwined with tracer bullets into a fire net, and sometimes the flares emitted terrible lights, fully exposing the running Chinese troops.Despite the full fire of artillery, tanks and machine guns from the Marine Corps, the Chinese kept coming.Their spirit of seeing death as home made the Marines stand in awe. The vanguard of the U.S. tanks rushed through the hail of bullets and arrived in Gutuli. The scarred U.S. soldiers fell asleep in the tents, but the order to return them came, because the main force of the First Marine Division, especially the supply unit At the moment, it is in a scuffle with the Chinese army.The Chinese soldiers had tightly surrounded the supply unit, which was stranded here waiting for the engineers to repair the bridges blown up by the Chinese soldiers and open up a detour.Lieutenant Colonel Harris, the son of General Harris, the commander of the U.S. Naval Air Force, was in charge of covering the supply troops. The lieutenant colonel had used all three infantry companies in his hands, but the supply troops were still in crisis.Under the tenacious attack of the Chinese army, the deputy head of the logistics unit died, and the two staff officers of the headquarters also died one after another. Later, Lieutenant Colonel Harris also died in the melee. At this time, the battle between the Fifth Regiment of the First Marine Division and the Chinese army, which stayed near Xiajieyuli to serve as the rear guard, was even more brutal.American soldiers blocking the advance of the Chinese army are in tanks and howitzers.Refusing to take a step back in the fire net composed of recoilless guns, bazookas and machine guns, the Chinese soldiers rushed forward wave after wave with a tenacity that stunned the American soldiers.The U.S. military history records: "The figures of Chinese soldiers appeared under the bluish-white light of flares, and such a tenacious attack has never been seen before." The fighting continued until the afternoon of the 7th. The main force of the US Marine Division 1 retreated to Gutuli one after another. It is a fat kilometer from Xiajieyuli to Gutuli.The U.S. military walked the 18-kilometer road for 38 hours, advancing an average of 500 meters per hour; the U.S. military lost 616 officers and soldiers on the 18-kilometer road, with an average of 34 casualties per kilometer. There are more than 14,000 US troops concentrated in Gutuli. It is still a few kilometers away from Xingnan Port, the final retreat target of the First Marine Division. When the U.S. troops arrived in Gutuli, a violent snowstorm came.In the extreme cold, the terrified American officers and soldiers heard a news that frightened them more than the whistling snowstorm: On the way to continue to retreat to the coast, there was an extremely steep pass, the only passable bridge on the pass had been taken by the Chinese. Soldiers blow up. The bridge that made the US Marine Division 1 have no way around is called the Water Gate Bridge. Shuimen Bridge is located six kilometers south of Gutuli.The water from the water diversion culvert at the bottom of the Changjin Lake Reservoir flows into four huge pipelines, which extend to a hydroelectric power station at the foot of the mountain on a steep slope.Where the pipeline and the road intersect, there is a suspended single-lane bridge on the pipeline.From a distance, the bridge hangs above the cliff, and there is an abyss under the bridge.Once there is no Shuimen Bridge, passing vehicles will have no way around but be blocked here. The Chinese army knew that the Shuimen Bridge was a good place to prevent the US troops from escaping, so they blew up the bridge twice.The first time was on December 1. After the bombing, the US Marine Corps engineers repaired a wooden bridge and opened it to traffic.The second bridge bombing by the Chinese army was on December 4. After the bombing, American engineers repaired the steel vehicle withdrawal bridge.Now, for the third time, Chinese soldiers have blown up the bridge.This time, explosives did more damage to the Watergate Bridge than ever before. Regarding the story of this bridge, it can be clearly seen that throughout the Korean War, the huge gap in the industrial capabilities of the two sides in the war led to a huge disparity in the military strength of the two sides in the war, so that the war was carried out under the premise of a huge difference in war power. John, the engineer staff officer of the 1st Marine Division and the commander of the 1st Engineer Battalion.The best approach, Partridge suggests, is to air-drop components of the new rutted bridge into ancient soil and then transport the components to the site where the bridge will be erected.Bridge construction required four sets of MZ-type vehicles to remove the bridge assembly, but considering the loss of airdrops, the 1st Marine Division requested eight sets.However, the rut bridge assembly weighs 1.1 tons, and there is no precedent for whether the existing airdrop parachute of the U.S. Air Force can bear such a weight.As a result, an experimental parachute-loaded airdrop was conducted at an air base in South Korea, and the steel components bent badly when they hit the ground.The Air Force requested a larger parachute from Japan, and that night, a parachute maintenance team carrying a larger parachute from Japan arrived at the U.S. Navy’s Yeonpo Airfield in North Korea. With the cooperation of more than 100 technicians from the battalion, all preparations for the aerial technology test and airdrop in Gutuli were completed overnight. At 21:30 on the 7th, eight C-119 large transport planes of the U.S. Air Force dropped eight sets of steel M2 vehicle withdrawal bridge components into the narrow circular position in Gutuli. Except for one set that was damaged, the other set fell to the Chinese army Outside the position, the others are safely withdrawn.These components were immediately loaded onto trucks and headed towards the Watergate Bridge under heavy cover.Heavy snow fell along the way, and the Chinese soldiers continued to shoot coldly. What's worse, the vanguard sent to occupy the Shuimen Bridge failed to complete the task, and the truck was forced to return.The next day's journey went smoothly, but when the U.S. troops reached the ridge of the Watergate Bridge, Partridge was taken aback: Chinese engineers blew up a section of the remaining bridge deck of the Watergate Bridge at some point, and the MZ rut bridge components could no longer be used. to the width of the fracture surface.U.S. Army engineers found a pile of old sleepers in a deep valley, so they dragged the sleepers up to erect temporary bridge piers. It took less than two days for the U.S. military to fight away from the base. Amidst the continuous sound of guns and artillery, a 50-ton truck that can pass through all models was erected on a cliff in a remote mountainous area in northeastern North Korea. Steel bridges for tanks and vehicles. Afterwards, judging from the small amount of troops invested by the Chinese army on such an important Shuimen Bridge and its pass, it shows that the commanders of the Chinese army must think that it is impossible for the US military to repair a steel bridge in a short period of time. It seems that it is impossible to repair, and the retreat of the US military can be regarded as completely cut off.So the Chinese army just sent engineers over and over again to blow up bridges.The Chinese military has not realized the superior combat capabilities of the modernized U.S. military equipment, and even if it did, it would not be sufficient.Therefore, it was not until the American soldiers crossed the Shuimen Bridge in fear that they discovered that the Chinese army had not deployed heavy troops in this dangerous place, and all the blocking was judged from the scale of only the strength of the battalion.In fact, even when the U.S. military has repaired the Water Gate Bridge, the pass is still a bottleneck for the passage of large U.S. convoys. As long as blocking forces are deployed on several high grounds near the pass to continuously attack the pass, the U.S. military will have to pay a lot to pass through the pass. the price.However, apart from sporadic cold shots, there was no greater blocking by the Chinese army in the entire Shuimenqiao area. Afterwards, experts in military history analyzed that it was not that the commander-in-chief of the Chinese army did not know the value of this pass, but that the Chinese army had no power to organize a large-scale attack because of the insurmountable difficulty of a broken logistical supply. From Gutuli to Zhenxingli, near Shuidong Village, a group of U.S. soldiers who thought they had got rid of the Chinese soldiers were suddenly attacked. The Chinese soldiers who appeared in the confused blizzard made the U.S. troops at a loss.Some of the Chinese soldiers didn't even have shoes on their feet, which made the American soldiers look like an illusion in the temperature of minus 40 degrees Celsius. Hand grenades and rifle bullets from Chinese soldiers immediately killed the driver of the American truck, which burst into flames.In the flickering fire, the American soldiers thought that there were Chinese troops everywhere, so they fled in all directions, and the battle order immediately collapsed. The 1081 highland, which is stuck on the retreat road of the US Marine Division 1, has been occupied by the Chinese army.This is a high ground further away from the supply line of the Chinese army.In order to seize this high ground, the U.S. military sent an assault force, and they repeatedly competed with Chinese soldiers for the high ground in the ice and snow.The severe cold made automatic rifles and carbines unfireable, and 40% of them were still unusable even after being roasted by fire. Highland 1081 is only 800 meters away from the road, but the snow is as deep as 20 centimeters. It takes 7 hours for the U.S. military to transport the wounded from the front of the attack.I don't know how the Chinese soldiers on the high ground survived under such extremely harsh conditions without food supply and cold clothing, but their lives can still burst out with fiery fighting spirit in the battle. The 1081 highland was finally surrounded by the U.S. military on all sides. In every direction around the highland, there were a large number of U.S. military aircraft attracted by the U.S. air-to-air guides.The self-propelled 155mm howitzers in the direction of Zhenxingli, the regiment's 107mm heavy mortars and 105mm howitzers, and the battalion's 81mm mortars and 60mm mortars all fired at this high ground.On the ground, the U.S. military deployed a battalion of troops to attack the top of the mountain.American soldiers who participated in this battle commented on the Chinese soldiers they saw on Height 1081 that day after the battle: "These Chinese soldiers faithfully carried out their tasks, and none of them surrendered. They fought tenaciously to the end, and all stood firm until the battle die, and no one survives." From Gutuli to Zhenxingli, it took 77 hours for the main force of the retreating U.S. Marine Division 1, an average of 2 hours for each kilometer advanced.On this road, the U.S. military killed and employed people, 16 people were missing, and 256 people were injured. At 13:00 on December 11, the main force of the US Marine Division 1 passed Zhenxingli. The Chinese army's blockade of the First Marine Division is basically over. From the landing at Wonsan to the retreat back to Sunghung, the 1st Marine Division of the U.S. Army killed 718 people, lost 192 people, injured 3504 people, and lost a total of 4418 people in combat.At the same time, 7,313 non-combat casualties were lost, most of whom were frostbitten. There are no published exact figures for the losses of the Chinese army on the Eastern Front. After the war, the U.S. Army once translated a summary of the Chinese 27th Army’s war on the Eastern Front in Korea, which contained such a description: Food and living equipment were insufficient, and soldiers could not bear the cold.This resulted in a non-combat attrition of more than 10,000 people, and the ineffective use of weapons was also the reason.During the battle, the soldiers camped on the snow-covered ground, their feet, socks and hands were as white as snow balls, and they couldn't even pull the rings of the grenades. The fuze did not ignite, the mortar barrel shrank due to the cold, and 70% of the mortar shells did not explode.The skin of the hand is glued to the shell and the barrel. Even so, in the battle on the Eastern Front, the 1st Marine Division, the most elite of the US Marine Corps, still suffered a devastating blow from the Chinese army. The Chinese army has forced it to retreat on a large scale on the Eastern Front.So far, no one will think that China's "peasant armed" army is a force that can be easily insulted. Many years after the end of the Korean War, in a book about the Korean War published in Japan, the Japanese described the Chinese army at that time as follows: Although the Chinese army suffered from the lack of equipment, ammunition, Food and cold-proof utensils, but still endure all hardships and hardships, faithfully carry out orders, and act and fight silently. This is the brave spirit advocated by Mao Zedong that "no matter in any difficult or difficult situation, as long as there is one person left, this person will continue to fight". As if not paying attention to the blazing fire net of the US military, the first wave fell, the second wave stepped over the corpses, and the third and fourth waves continued to advance.They are not afraid of death, and insist on fighting until the last person's will, as if they are some anti-teachers.The American officers and soldiers facing them were also amazed at their bravery, but also felt very scared. Where did the brave fighting spirit and perseverance of this army come from?That probably wasn't just coercion and order.It may be because of the belief in communism, the hatred of imperialism, and the firm belief that the current war is a "just war". middle.