Chapter 3 Chapter 03 Jinzhou is the throat of the Northeast, and has always been a battleground for military strategists

Jinzhou is located in the southwest of Liaoning Province, on the West Liaoning Corridor.When it comes to Jinzhou, everyone knows that its geographical location is important: it is the transportation hub in western Liaoning and the throat from North China to Northeast. The western part of Liaoning Province mainly includes Huludao, Jinzhou, Chaoyang, Fuxin and other areas. It is a hilly area. Because it is located in the west of the Liaohe River, it is also called Western Liaoning. The necessary place to connect with the Northeast.The hills in western Liaoning are composed of Nuluerhu Mountains, Songling Mountains and Yiwulu Mountains.The Nuluerhu Mountains are located on the northwest side of the hills in western Liaoning and the eastern edge of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, with an average altitude of 1,000 meters and a northeast-southwest direction. There are few roads on the mountain and poor vegetation.In the southeast of the Nuluerhu Mountains, the Songling Mountains are basically parallel to it. It starts from Fuxin, Liaoning Province in the northeast, and ends in Jianchang County in the southwest, with a length of about 260 kilometers. It is close to the southwest section, high and steep.The Yiwulu Mountain Range starts from Fuxin and ends in Beining City (formerly known as Beizhen). It is located between Beining and Yixian County. It is slightly northeast-southwest, 105 kilometers long, and connects to the Liaohe Plain in the east. .In the hills of Western Liaoning, there are Daling River and Xi River. The two major rivers converge in Yixian County. From here, you can go to Fuxin in the north, Chaoyang in the west, and Jinzhou in the south. It is a hub in the hinterland of the hills in Western Liaoning. Entrance to the hilly passage.

Between the southeast side of the hills in western Liaoning and the Bohai Bay, there is a relatively flat strip, 8 to 15 kilometers wide, from Shanhaiguan to Jinzhou, 185 kilometers long. This is the famous West Liaoning Corridor, Jinzhou, an important town on the West Liaoning Corridor , it changes with the formation and development of the corridor.According to historical records, in history, there were three ancient roads in North China leading to the northeast, namely: the endless road, from today's Beijing through Tongxian County, Jixian County, Qian'an, the Yuelengkou Great Wall into the Qinglong River Valley, and over Dameiling (now Ling near Daoerdeng, Yuan City), and then enters the Daling River, leading directly to Chaoyang; Lulongsai Road, from the northeast of today’s Jixian County, through Zunhua, goes northward along the Luanhe River Valley, exits from the vicinity of Xifengkou, and leads to Chaoyang along the Daling River Valley The Banghai Road is the endless section of the Chi Road in the Qin Dynasty to Jieshi (in today's Suizhong), connecting six rivers and going up to the Daling River Valley.

These three ancient roads are all connected to Chaoyang in the west of Liaoning. For a long time, they have become the necessary places for North China to enter the northeast. From here, they cross Yixian County, cross Yiwulu Mountain, pass through Beizhen, cross the Liaohe River to Liaoyang in the hinterland of Liaodong, and from Liaoyang It can lead to the Heilongjiang River Basin of the Korean Peninsula and northern Xinjiang.At that time, the shore of the Bohai Sea under Songling Mountain was deserted and deserted for a long time due to sea immersion and sea retreat. In 907 AD, Yelu Abaoji became the leader of the whole clan, established the Khitan Kingdom (later renamed Liao), and became the Taizu of the Liao Dynasty.After the founding of the Khitan state, they continued to launch plundering wars. When they invaded the Han people in the south, they obtained land and captured a large number of Han people as slaves. Some of them were owned by the state, and some were privately owned by the emperor and nobles, forming an independent military and economic entity.In order to prevent the slaves from rebelling and fleeing, he adopted the suggestion of the surrendered minister Han Yanhui, and established prefectures and counties for the Han people to settle down, let them marry wives and have children, and develop the farming and mulberry economy.

Around AD 924, the Taizu of the Liao Dynasty established five prefectures and one county with captured Han captives. Among them, Tanzhou was used for royal meals, and Yinzhou was used for royal utensils. Jinzhou was established together, and it was specially produced for the royal family. This is the origin of the place name of Jinzhou.That is to say, from then on, Jinzhou set up the Linhai Jiedu Envoy to govern Yanzhou (now in the south of Xingcheng), Xingcheng County, Anchang County (in today's Huludao City), and Yongle County (in today's Jinzhou). And the setting of the castle promoted the development of the West Liaoning Corridor.

In the first year of Emperor Shizong of Liao Dynasty Tianlu (947 A.D.), when the Liao Dynasty was destroyed and the Jin Dynasty was exiled, Shi Chonggui, the emperor, was exiled to Huanglong Mansion. Guimao, the emperor and the Empress Dowager Li...both traveled northward...passed Jizhou, Pingzhou to Yuguan (near Shanhaiguan) in Shasai...and traveled for another seven or eight days to Jinzhou, and traveled dozens of miles to cross Liaoshui to Huanglong Mansion, which is the place where the Khitan Lord ordered to resettle.” From this, it can be seen that there was already a passable road in the Liaoxi Corridor at this time.In the first year of Taiping (AD 1021), Emperor Shengzong of the Liao Dynasty established the Laizhou Guide Army Jiedu in Suizhong Qianwei, under the jurisdiction of Laibin County (now Qianwei), Haibin County (now Xingcheng District) and three prefectures, namely Xi Zhouzhou (now Xingcheng), Qianzhou (now Shanhaiguan), Runzhou (now Shanhaiguan West).In the west of Jinzhou, Shenshui County and Yonghe County (both in the territory of Huludao City) were added.After the founding of Jurchen, the Lulongsai Road (passing through the Chaoyang Pass) that originally led to the Central Plains was also blocked by the Liao Dynasty. The envoys of Song and Jin traveled between inside and outside the pass, so they had to pass through the West Liao Corridor, which led to the continuous increase of residents along the corridor and the emergence of post stations. (resting and changing places during the mission).

In the autumn of the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1387), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the governor's office of the left army of the capital to set up 14 horse stations from Shanhaiguan to Liaodong. Among them, Shanhaiguan, Gaoling, Shahe, Dongguan, Caozhuang, Lianshan Island, Xingshan, Xiaolinghe, Shisanshan (now Shishan, Linghai City) and other post stations. In the twenty-sixth year of Ming Hongwu (1393), the prince Zhu Zhi was the king of Liao, and he was in Guangning Mansion (now Beining City) Longevity Hill in the northeast corner), and later there were governors, capital censors, general soldiers, generals who suppressed prisoners, and eunuchs who guarded the eunuchs. Guangning became the political and military center of western Liaoning at that time.

In the fourth year of Jianwen in the Ming Dynasty (1403 A.D.), Zhu Di, king of Yan, seized the power of his nephew Emperor Hui and established himself as emperor, that is, Chengzu of Ming Dynasty.In order to reward the Mongolian nobles who helped launch the "Battle of Jingnan", Ming Chengzu allocated the land under the jurisdiction of the Daning capital to the Mongolian three guards of Duoyan, Taining, and Fuyu (known as Wuliangha Sanwei in history) Wei, which is now Chaoyang and Chifeng areas in western Liaoning), but due to ethnic policy issues and the interference of the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty, ethnic disputes continued. The envoy Si Bigong suggested that a side wall be built to separate the Mongolians from the Han people.

The western Liaoning side wall is from Shanhaiguan to Kaiyuan. The buildings are made of local materials and adapted to local conditions. There are stone walls, earth walls, and cliffs are used as walls or wooden boards as plug walls. Forts are set up for five miles, and villages are built for ten miles. It is strictly forbidden for border residents to cross the border wall. The establishment of Wuliangha Sanwei and the side wall drew the ancient road leading to the Central Plains outside the side wall, and outsiders could not pass freely. The Ming Dynasty could only rely on the Liaoxi Corridor to enter and exit the customs. In order to ensure the convenience of passage, Xuande three years (1428) ) built Ningyuanzhou City (now the ancient city of Xingcheng), and then established Guangning Zhongqiansuo (now Suizhong Qiansuo Town), Guangning Qiantunwei (now Suizhong Qianwei Town), Guangning Zhonghousuo (now Suizhong Qiansuo Town), Guangning Zhonghousuo ( Today's Suizhong County), Ningyuan Middle Right Office (now Xingcheng Shahou Office), Ningyuan Wei (now Xingcheng City), Ningyuan Zhongzuo Office (now Huludao Tashan), Guangning Zhongtun Office (now Linghai Songshan), Guangning Zhongtunwei (now Jinzhou City), Guangning Zuotunwei (now Jinzhou City), Guangning Zhongzuo Station (now Linghai City Dalinghe Town), Guangning Weicheng (now Beining City), from the Ming Dynasty At the beginning of the dynasty, the Weisuo and the post station were connected in a line in the corridor, which became the main passage for entering and exiting the customs, and was called the post road.

After entering the customs, the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty moved their capital to Beijing, took Shengjing (Shenyang) as their capital, and entered the customs from Shenyang through the Liaoxi Corridor. This is the main road connecting the two places, known as the post road.The emperors of the Qing Dynasty passed this road many times when returning to Shengjing Yeling, so it is also said to be the Royal Road, or the Great Royal Road.In June of the seventeenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1891), the Qing government was supervised by Li Hongzhang and borrowed from the United Kingdom to connect the Yan (Tianjin) (Ancient) Iron and Steel Railway and build the "Kandong Railway" (Shanhaiguan to Shenyang). In the nineteenth year of Guangxu (1893 A.D.), the construction of the Guanwai section of the railway began. In July of the following year, when the railway was laid to Suizhong Gaoling, the Sino-Japanese War of 1899-1895 broke out, and the project was forced to stop.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), the Qing government borrowed 16 million taels of silver from the British HSBC Bank. The construction continued in the following year and was completed in Jinzhou in October 1899. When the railway was repaired to Dahushan in June 1900, the Boxer Rebellion rose up and the work was forced to stop for the second time. Work resumed in October 1902, and the railway was repaired to Xinmin in September 1903.In the thirty-three years of Guangxu (1907), the Qing government spent a lot of money to take back the new (civilian) Feng (Tian) military light railway built by the Japanese in 1905 without authorization, and replaced it with standard gauge. The railway was repaired to Huanggutun, Xuantong In three years (1911), the Beijing-Fengzhou Railway Project was completed. So far, the Liaoxi Corridor has integrated roads and railways, and has become the main traffic line for entering and leaving the customs.

With the continuous changes of the corridor in western Liaoning, the regional center position of Jinzhou in western Liaoning was also formed.In the early Qing Dynasty, General Shengjing had three deputy capital commanders in the territory under his jurisdiction, one of whom was in Jinzhou, who had the full authority to command the Eight Banners soldiers practicing defense along the western coast of Liaoning.In the third year of Kangxi (AD 1664), Guangning Prefecture was established. In December of the same year, Jinzhou Prefecture was revoked and changed. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Jinzhou Prefecture had jurisdiction over Yizhou (Yixian), Jinxian, Ningyuan Prefecture (Xingcheng), and Guangning County (Beining). , Suizhong County, Jinxi Hall, Panshan Hall, and Jinzhou Prefecture have existed in the western Liaoning area for nearly 250 years, making Jinzhou the political, military, economic, and cultural center of the western Liaoning area and a hub for communication inside and outside the customs. Zhang Xueliang founded the Naval Academy in Huludao in 1923, established the first navy in Northeast China, and built Huludao Port in 1928. After the "September 18th" Incident in 1931, on September 23, Zhang Xueliang announced in Beijing by telegram that the Northeast Frontier Army Executive Office and the Liaoning Provincial Government Office would be established in Jinzhou, and the military and political center of the Northeast would be moved west from Shenyang to Jinzhou. During the period of Japanese and puppet rule, Jinzhou had a puppet Jin County (then called Jinzhou) Office. In December 1934, the Japanese and puppet divisions divided the Northeast into 10 provinces and established the Jinzhou Provincial Office. In December 1937, cities and counties were implemented. In addition, Jinzhou City Office was set up, and the provincial, city, and county governments gathered Jinzhou in one place, becoming the ruling center of the Japanese and puppet in western Liaoning. On August 9, 1945, the Soviet Army sent troops to the Northeast. The Eighth Route Army and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Army cooperated with the Soviet Army to fight. The War of Resistance Against Japan was victorious. The Party Central Committee sent troops to advance to the Northeast. Jinzhou Garrison Command. On November 26, the Kuomintang army occupied Jinzhou, making Jinzhou a base for attacking the Northeast.The Liaoning provincial government of the Kuomintang set up Jinzhou and moved to Shenyang on March 29, 1946.In order to strengthen the military struggle in western Liaoning, at the beginning of November 1945, the Jire-Liao Military Region established the Redong Army Division (later called the Eighteenth Army Division) in Lingyuan, and in February 1946 established the Redong Army Division in the area east of the Daling River. The Liao Army Division (later called the 21st Army Division), since the Liberation War, the western Liaoning region has always been one of the key areas where the Kuomintang, the Communist Party, and the two armies competed in the Northeast. Due to the specific geographical location and role of the West Liao Corridor, it has always been the focus of contention and control between the two sides in the war. Frequent wars occurred around the Jinzhou area, leaving an important influence on the war history of the Northeast. In history, the Northeast region north of the Great Wall has always been the barrier of the Central Plains. In ancient times, the rise, fall and struggle of many ethnic minorities continued in the western Liaoning region.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, all the heroes of the Central Plains came together, and the power of the Wuhuan people in the north increased sharply. They were the strongest in Shanggu, Youbeiping, and Liaoxi counties. Liucheng (today's Twelve Terraces in Chaoyang County) is the political and military center.In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao in the Battle of Guandu. Yuan Shao's two sons fled to Liucheng in the north and joined Wuhuan forces in an attempt to make a comeback.In 207 A.D., Cao Cao led an army to attack Wuhuan in the north. In the fifth month of the lunar calendar, it was blocked by rain in Wuzhong (Jixian County, Tianjin today), and the coastal roads were impassable. Therefore, Cao Cao pretended to withdraw his troops while looking for a local guide to lead the way, and the main force went north to Lulongsai. , straight into Liucheng along the Daling River.In the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the two armies met at Bailang Mountain (now Dayang Mountain, Kazuo County, or Dahei Mountain, Jianchang County in other words). The Wuhuan army was defeated and its leader was killed.In the ninth month of the lunar calendar, Cao Cao captured more than 200,000 people. He returned to the Central Plains along the southern foot of Songling Mountain and passed through the Liaoxi Corridor. There are four poems in Xia Men Xing, among which "Looking at Jieshi in the east, you can see the sea", "Old man standing on the ground, with aspirations for thousands of miles, and martyrs in their old age, with endless ambitions" have become famous sentences through the ages. In 1922, the first Zhifeng war broke out, and the Feng army was defeated and retreated to Fengtian. In the second year, the Feng army actively prepared for the war, trained the army, strengthened the construction of special forces, and greatly increased its strength. In September 1924, the second battle of Zhifeng started. The Feng army attacked in two ways, one along Chaoyang, Ye Baishou, and Lingyuan to Chengde; quite. In the direction of Shanhaiguan, the Zhijun relied on the dangerous pass of Shanhaiguan and held a stalemate for more than a month. Guo Songling feigned an attack at Shanhaiguan, and turned his main force to the flanks. The Zhi army turned its back and forced it to retreat to Qinhuangdao. Tens of thousands of soldiers were killed and injured on both sides in the first battle of Shanhaiguan. Guo Songling made great contributions in the second Zhifeng war.Influenced by democratic ideas, he became more and more dissatisfied with Zhang Zuolin's pro-Japanese policy of civil war, and formed an anti-Feng alliance with Feng Yuxiang. On November 22, 1925, Guo Songling issued a telegram in Luanzhou to form the "Northeast National Army" ", led 70,000 troops back to the northeast of the division along Jingfeng Road, broke through the Fengjun defense line at Shanhaiguan in one fell swoop, and launched a fierce battle in Wanjiazhai in Suizhong. On November 29, Zhang Zuolin held a military meeting in Fengtian, announced the crusade order, stood firm on the front line of Jinxi, fought to the death with Guo Songling, and sent Zhang Xueliang to the front line as the commander-in-chief.After Guo Songling left the customs, he originally planned to take Jinzhou directly and then seize Fengtian. Unexpectedly, the Li Jinglin Department of the First Army Corps that participated in the anti-Fengtian was bought by Zhang Zuolin and declared war on the Northeast National Army. Guo Songling's office in Tianjin was closed, and Guo Songling was detained in Tianjin. The money and 60,000 sets of winter clothes caused the Northeast National Army to lose its rear.In order to prevent accidents, Guo Songling transferred Wei Yisan of the Fifth Army to guard Shanhaiguan to guard against Li Jinglin's attack from behind, and stepped up to break through the defense lines of Lianshan and Jinzhou before the Feng army completed defensive preparations.Zhang Xueliang arrived at the front line of Jinzhou and studied the defensive deployment with Zhang Zuoxiang, the commander of the Fifth Army.Lianshan is an important place on the Liaoxi Corridor. During the first battle of Zhifeng, in order to prevent the pursuit of the Zhijun, the Fengjun once built a defensive position in this area. There is no major damage and it can still be used. Lianshan blocked. In order to prevent Guo Songling's surprise attack, the Fengjun burned Lianshan Town to the ground, causing the residents to relocate quickly. At that time, there was a snowstorm that had not happened in a century, and the snow was as deep as 1 meter. The people were panicked and forced to evacuate.The defensive deployment of Fengjun is as follows: the Ninth Division is on the line from Yanli Mountain to the foot of Dongshan Mountain, the 15th Division and the Cavalry Brigade are on the line from the foot of Dongshan Mountain to Xiaohongluo Mountain, and the 16th Division and 1 Cavalry Brigade are on the line from Hanjiagou to the Temple Fort line.At the same time, Wan Fulin's brigade and Tang Yulin's brigade arrived at the front line of Lianshan and Jinzhou one after another. The Feng army believed that it could hold Lianshan with favorable terrain and troops. On December 2, the temperature dropped sharply to minus 20 degrees Celsius, there was a heavy snowstorm, and the sea was frozen. Guo Songling personally commanded the position. Taking advantage of this favorable condition, he dispatched 3 divisions to launch a full-scale attack and gradually occupied the favorable terrain. Give full play to the advantage of artillery fire and approach Fengjun's position.In several major battlefields such as Baimashi, Lianshan, and Shaheying, there were many casualties on both sides, and they fought against the Fifth Army of the Fengjun Army. , taking advantage of the strong wind and snow, detoured and attacked the position of the Ninth Division of the Fengjun Army from the frozen beach in the south of the Big and Small White Horse Stone. retreat.Zhang Xueliang tried to regain the left-wing position and transferred the reserve team to counterattack, but failed. Zhang Zuoxiang ordered the whole line to retreat to Jinzhou, blew up the Naughty River Bridge, and tried to defend by the river. In the Battle of Lianshan, more than 1,000 people were killed or injured by the Feng army, one brigade was captured, and one division was surrendered.After Guo Songling captured Lianshan, one of the troops surrounded Fengjun in Huludao and captured Takahashi at the same time. The main force advanced to Jinzhou. The retreating troops did not have time to organize well. Most of them broke up at the intersection of the battle and retreated northward, destroying railways, water towers and Daling River bridges along the way. On the morning of the 7th, Guo Songling's troops entered Jinzhou. Goubangzi occupied Dahu Mountain on the 12th, occupied Baiqibao (now Dahongqi) on the 18th, and captured Xinmin on the 20th. In the battle of Juliuhe, Zhang Zuolin and the Japanese army defeated Guo Songling, and Guo Songling and his wife were captured and killed. In 1931, the Japanese army created the "September 18th" Incident in Shenyang, which shocked China and the world, and then launched a full-scale offensive to the northeast. On September 27, the Liaoning Provincial Government and the Northeast Frontier Defense Commissioner's Office moved to Jinzhou, and Jinzhou became the temporary political and military center of the Northeast.Rong Zhen, Chief of Staff of the Frontier Defense Army, was stationed in Jinzhou, and transferred the 12th, 19th, and 20th Infantry Brigades, the 3rd Cavalry Brigade, and the 1st Artillery Corps to the banks of the Daling River for defense. The first, second, and third cavalry corps assembled in Jinzhou There are three villages in the north of the city for training, and there are also some people's volunteers. On October 2, the Japanese Kwantung Army was determined to overthrow the Jinzhou regime and expel Zhang Xueliang to the pass. At 13:40 on October 8, the Japanese army dispatched 6 reconnaissance planes and 5 bombers to attack Jinzhou traffic on the grounds of "gathering forces, attempting to assassinate Japanese military officers and anti-Chang people in Manchuria, using bandits to spread rumors and disrupt public order". The university (now Jinzhou Railway No. 1 Middle School), the barracks of the 28th Division (now in the market), and Zhang Zuoxiang's private residence were bombed. 75 bombs were dropped, killing and injuring many civilians. On October 10, the International Council held a meeting in Paris and passed the "Resolution Advising Japan to Quickly Withdraw to the Manchurian Railway Attachment", but at the same time agreed to the "Declaration on Retaining the Right to Sue Bandits" proposed by Japan. For this reason, on the 13th, the "Strategy for Attacking Jinzhou" was formulated. In order to deceive the public, the Japanese General Staff Headquarters issued an order on the 15th that the attack on Jinzhou "should be carried out at the same time as the bandits." On the 18th, the Japanese Kwantung Army Headquarters formulated the "Main Points of Our Army's March to the Daling Riverside to Counterattack Jinzhou" and "Content Plan for Attacking Enemy Positions Near Jinzhou" to supplement and adjust its troops.At the same time, the Central Department of the Japanese Army instructed that a group controlled by Chinese leaders should be used to capture Jinzhou. On October 19, the Kwantung Army sent 14 people, including the former instructor of the Fengtian Lecture Hall and reserve infantry captain Shigetaro Kuraoka, to buy the traitor Ling Yinqing with a lot of money, and recruited routs, militias, and bandits to form a pseudo-"Northeast People's Self-Defense Army." , Ling Yinqing served as the commander-in-chief, and Canggang was the adviser. He set up 18 divisions as the vanguard of the attack on Jinzhou. Expedition to the west..... Checking its battle plan, it seems that the Northeast Army in Fubaiqibao, Dahushan and other places should be suppressed first, and then occupy Jinzhou City, expel Zhang Xueliang and retreat into the customs as the first stage." On the 22nd, Ling Yinqing arrived near Datuozi, Tai'an County, across the river from the Northeast Frontier Guards. On the 29th, he advanced to Hu's house in Panshan.At the same time, the Japanese army supported Zhang Xuecheng (Zhang Xueliang's cousin) in Liaozhong County on the 30th to incorporate more than 3,000 former officers of the Northeast Army and bandits from the western Liaoning area into 6 detachments, and cooperated with Ling Yinqing to attack Jinzhou. On the 29th, the "Northeast People's Self-Defense Army" fought fiercely with the 19th Brigade of the Northeast Army in Hu's house. The Liaoning Provincial Public Security Cavalry Corps came to reinforce it. In the name of the "Northeast People's Self-Defense Force", Ling Yinqing and Canggang Advisor were captured alive at the headquarters and executed in Shalingzi, Panshan. At the beginning of November, the Japanese army appointed Zhang Xue as the commander-in-chief of the "Northeast People's Self-Defense Force". They gathered the remnants of Ling Yinqing and others, and formed 8 detachments with a total of more than 4,000 people. The Second and Third Brigades of the Public Security Cavalry of Liaoning Province went to encircle and suppress, and the "Northeast People's Self-Defense Army" was defeated in the first battle. Zhang Xuecheng and the Japanese adviser were all killed.The two puppet troops were completely annihilated, which completely bankrupted the Japanese plan to use the puppet troops to attack Jinzhou first, so they began to send troops directly. On November 27, 10 Japanese planes bombed Goubangzi, and the troops fought fiercely with the Northeast Army in Qinggangzi, Xinmin. That night, the 4th Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army occupied Raoyang River, and the 39th Brigade occupied Dahu Mountain. The army took control of the Beining Railway and was scheduled to occupy Jinzhou on the 28th.At this time, the Japanese government feared that sending troops to the west of Liaoning would cause interference from other imperialist countries, and urgently ordered the Kwantung Army to withdraw to Tianzhuangtai, east of the Liaohe River, to stand by. On December 19, the Japanese army issued an ultimatum to the Jinzhou defenders, saying that if they did not withdraw their troops for a week, they would invade on a large scale. On December 21, the Japanese army launched a comprehensive attack on Jinzhou along the Beining, Da (Hushan) Tong (Liao) and Ying (kou) Gou (Bangzi) railways. They dispatched 20 aircraft to bomb Goubangzi. The tenacious resistance of the Ninth Brigade, the Artillery Regiment, and the Volunteer Army lasted for 7 days and nights, and was finally occupied by the Japanese Fourth Brigade. On the 31st, the Japanese army arrived at the banks of the Daling River. On the same day, Zhang Xueliang ordered the withdrawal of troops in the pass. Jinzhou's Northeast Frontier Defense Force had 5 brigades with more than 40,000 people. On January 2, 1932, under the cover of artillery fire, the Eighth Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army forcibly crossed the Daling River. At 4 o'clock on January 3, the Liaoning Provincial Government withdrew from Jinzhou and moved to Guannei along Beining Road. At 10 o'clock, the 20th Division of the Japanese Army entered and occupied Jinzhou.The next day, the Japanese army invaded Yixian, Jinxi, Xingcheng, and Suizhong. On the 9th, they pushed to Qiansuo Railway Station. So far, the Liaoxi Corridor has been controlled by the Japanese army. At the critical moment when Liaoxi was about to fall, the leaders of the Liaoxi Volunteer Army gathered in Goubangzi and sent a telegram to the whole country, determined to fight against Japan to the end and regain the country. On January 1, 1932, Wang Xianting, the First Route Army of the People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army in Liaoning, attacked the Japanese garrison in Badaohao, Heishan County at night, killing more than 30 Japanese soldiers. On the 4th, the 27th Cavalry Regiment of the Japanese Army entered and occupied Jinxi County under the pretext of "sweeping bandits and bandits". Afterwards, Second Lieutenant Matsuo's food and fodder transportation monitoring team and the Ishino Squad of the 73rd Infantry Regiment also arrived one after another. On the 9th, the grain and fodder transportation surveillance team The team went to Jinzhou to collect ammunition and supplies. The captain of the 27th regiment, Koga Dentaro, led a total of more than 80 people from the Ishino team to "sweep" to the west of the city. Many people were killed and injured. At this time, it was also heard that the county was attacked by the militia. The captain of the Koga regiment rushed back to help with the remnants. 29 people were injured, and the remnants returned to the county seat. At the same time, 30 members of the Japanese Matsuo surveillance team went to the vicinity of Qiantatun and were all killed after being besieged by the people. The Japanese army was greatly shocked. The storm of the storm is full of blood and tears." On the 8th, Yuan Jiuzhan and Jiang Xueting, the first army of the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, ambushed the Japanese railway garrison in Zhangluotun, Badaohao, Heishan County, killing 18 Japanese soldiers. On the 10th, in Xinlitun, Montenegro, more than 300 cavalrymen from Gao Zhenpeng's Department of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army attacked a squadron of the 11th Cavalry Regiment of the Japanese Army and killed more than 70 Japanese soldiers. From the 9th to the 18th, the 20th Route Army of the Liaoning Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army and Zhangwu Huang Zhongxin's Department jointly fought against the Japanese army on the Datong Line, killing 92 Japanese soldiers. On the 23rd, Su Liangzhe and Wu Shaohui, the battalion commanders of the 25th Route Army of the Volunteer Army, encountered the Fifth Infantry Regiment of the Fourth Brigade of the Japanese Army in Guanjiashanzi, Beizhen. On the 25th, the 12th Route Army of the Volunteer Army launched an attack on the part of the Fourth Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army in the area of ​​Gaoliban and Zheng'anbao in Beizhen. After the fierce battle, the Volunteer Army withdrew that night. Shot down 2 Japanese aircraft and captured 2 pilots.After the Japanese army occupied Jinzhou, in early August, the National Salvation Volunteer Army Song Jiuling attacked Yinjiawa, the eastern section of Jincheng Railway Station on the Fengshan Line (Shenyang to Shanhaiguan), blowing up the railway bridge and forcing the entire Fengshan Line to stop. In November, the Ministry attacked Jinzhou City again, killing 29 Japanese soldiers when attacking Jiaotong University, and was forced to withdraw from the battle due to the Japanese army's assistance.When the other unit attacked the Jinzhou North Camp, it was discovered by the Japanese army and one of the teams did not arrive on time, so the battle failed.According to the statistics of the Japanese and Puppets in those years, from 1932 to 1933, there were 869 volunteer army activities in western Liaoning, which dealt a certain blow to the Japanese army.