Chapter 13 Overview of Xuzhou

Xuzhou is located in the northwest of Jiangsu Province, at the junction of Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui and Henan provinces.Jurisdiction over five districts, five counties and one city, namely Yunlong District, Gulou District, Jiawang District, mining area, suburbs, Tongshan County, Feng County, Pei County, Suining County, Pi County and Xinyi City. Xuzhou is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in my country.As far back as the Spring and Autumn Period in 573 BC, Pengcheng, the city of Song Dynasty, stood on the land of our country and has a history of 2,563 years.It has used the names of Pengcheng, Xuzhou, North Xuzhou, Wuanzhou and so on.

Xuzhou was called Pengbori in ancient times, referred to as Gupeng for short, and was also called Pengguoguo and Pengcheng County in history.The reason why he became attached to "Peng" was that Gai Yinyao enshrined Peng Zu in Da Peng State (Da Peng's State). There is no doubt that Peng Zuzhu and Qian Keng can be called the most important person in Xuzhou. In his monograph "Peng Zu", Zhu Haoxi, an expert on Peng Zu in Xuzhou, made a detailed textual research on "Peng" in Xuzhou: "In connection with Xuzhou's historical, cultural and geographical features, the following explanations can be made for the reason why Da Peng is called Peng. : First, the reason why Dapeng is called Peng is because this place was a battleground for military strategists in ancient times. Since it is a battleground for military strategists, the sound of drums and drums is often heard, so it is very likely to name this place It is Peng. Second, the reason why Dapeng is called Peng is because of the risk and the turbulent waves here. In the north of ancient Pengcheng, water came from the west, and it entered Yusi from the east. It’s amazing. On the banks of the Liguo River, it’s a place named Peng, who said it’s inappropriate? Also, there are chime stones produced in Surabaya, and the eaves of the eaves are clasped with clang and flying. Does the ancient prophecy emerge? Keng, it’s like the sound of a stone bell. "Li·Le Ji" Cloud: "The bell is clanging. "Zhuqian Keng is also called Peng Keng. Peng Keng is the sound of bells and drums. Third, the reason why Peng Keng is named Peng is to praise Zhuqian Keng's outstanding contributions in health preservation. Strong and powerful , Peng Ye. It is not impossible for Yao to name the fief of Zhuqian Keng after Peng.

Big Peng is called Peng, and his voice is loud and exciting, which urges people to be high-spirited.Zhuangzai Peng Ye! Therefore, how can Xuzhou's majesty not be inherited? The 800-year-old ancestor saved the people from fire and water, and rescued people from illness and poverty. His Taoism is as deep as the sea and his reputation is as loud as thunder!Every year in Dapeng State, the weather is smooth, the grain is plentiful, and the country is prosperous and the people are peaceful.In the Shang Dynasty, Da Peng became one of the Five Hegemons.For this reason, Peng Zu was "regarded as a great sage by the pre-Qin people, and a great immortal in the Han Dynasty".

The unearthed cultural relics in Xuzhou City prove that as early as the late Longshan Culture of the Neolithic Age, the ancestors of Xuzhou worked, lived and multiplied on this land.Its leader is Peng Zu. He is the third son of Lu Zhong, the great-grandson of the ancient emperor Zhuanxu. Tang Yao enshrined him here, and it was called Da Peng State in history, also known as Da Peng State.It is a powerful clan tribe with the prototype of a country.Pengcheng got its name from this.As for Xuzhou, it got its name from "Xu Fang".According to legend, Xu Fang is a descendant of Boyi, a branch of the Dongyi tribe, known as "Xu Yi" in history.Since ancient times, they have lived in the Sishui River Basin, and established a country around the Shang Dynasty, named Xu Fang or Xu State.

Xuzhou in ancient times was a vast area under its jurisdiction.According to "Shangshu Yugong", the whole country was divided into Kyushu (Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Yongzhou, Liangzhou), and Xuzhou was one of Kyushu. Xuzhou is located in the north-south hub, as early as the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, it was a political and military center in eastern my country.During the Warring States Period, Pengcheng was the capital of the Song Dynasty; during the Qin and Han Dynasties, Sun Xin, King Huai of Chu, and Xiang Yu, Overlord of Western Chu, used Pengcheng as their capital successively; and 18 people were crowned kings in Xuzhou during the Han Dynasty.In the Han Dynasty, "the people of Xuzhou were prosperous in Yin, and the grain and rice were granted support", and the prosperity was extremely prosperous for a while.

Xuzhou, with Jianghuai in the south, Qilu in the north, the Yellow Sea in the east, and the Central Plains in the west, is known as the "military town" and is the place where military strategists of all dynasties set up troops and deployed their defenses.Since Peng Boshou led his army to conquer Xihe, there have been constant wars, such as the battle between Jin and Chu in the middle of the Spring and Autumn period, the battle between Chu and Han during the Qin and Han Dynasties, the warlord melee at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the tug-of-war between the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the separatist rule of the Tang Dynasty. The Pang Xun Uprising, the Zhimali Uprising in the Yuan Dynasty, the "Battle of Jingnan" in the Ming Dynasty... For more than 4,000 years, there have been countless just and unjust wars that have occurred in Xuzhou and its vicinity, and there have been many large-scale wars. More than 200. "Since ancient times, Pengcheng has been linked to Kyushu, and dragons and tigers have fought for thousands of years."In the ancient city, how many swords and swords have been swaying, and how many wars have been filled with smoke and gunpowder? !Zhu De once pointed out: "Xuzhou has been an ancient battlefield for decisive battles in history!"

Compared with Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Xi'an and other ancient capitals, Xuzhou can indeed only be regarded as a little brother.However, the founding emperors from Xuzhou and the thrilling stories they performed on the historical stage are not inferior to these "big brothers". From 221 BC, Qin Shihuang Yingzheng began to use the title of "emperor", to 1911 when the last dynasty of the Qing Dynasty collapsed, and in 2132, the emperor from Xuzhou appeared on stage.Therefore, Xuzhou has the reputation of "the hometown of emperors". Of course, Liu Bang is the most familiar, admired and talked about by Xuzhou people.Women and children in Xuzhou are familiar with many legends about the founding emperor of the Western Han Dynasty.According to experts' research, Liu Bang was born in Zhongyangli, Fengyi, in the late Qin Dynasty. When he was a child, he avoided chaos and moved to a place more than 30 miles north of Peicheng. This place is now Liu Bangdian in Anguo Township, Pei County.During the Western Han Dynasty, Fengyi was "upgraded" to a county (now Fengxian).So up to now, the people of Fengpei and Fengpei counties still have a lot of disputes because of Liu Bang's "ancestral home". Fortunately, there is a saying of "prosperity and nourishment", which made the people of the two counties shake hands and make peace.

In 1997, Wang Xingren (Tongpei Xingren), a writer from Xuzhou, wrote a biography of Liu Bang with nearly a million words. The title of the book is "The Great Struggle", which once again brought people's attention back to more than 2,000 years ago.We have seen Liu Bang's pride in inviting the children of his neighbors to raise their glasses and hold their swords, and indulge in poetry and wine when Liu Bang returned home after victory.Every detail of Liu Bang has been magnified by the history books for many days. Gaozu wrote impromptu poems, leaving behind the eternal swan song: When the wind rises, the clouds fly, Vega returns to the homeland, and the warriors guard the four directions.

Xuzhou is a city with a glorious revolutionary tradition.In ancient times, many struggles against feudal rule and foreign aggression broke out, writing one after another immortal heroic chapters.In modern times, Xuzhou people actively responded to and supported the "May 4th" patriotic and democratic movement initiated by Beijing students; in June 1925, Xuzhou established the Socialist Youth League, and later established the party organization; The guerrillas "broke the railway and blew up the bridge" and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders. On December 1, 1948, Xuzhou was reborn in the world-famous Huaihai Battle, and since then the ancient city has entered a new period of historical development.

This stone pillar cast by the blood and sweat of countless people has also become a kind of monument unintentionally. Peng Zu, surnamed Zhuqian and named Keng, was the third son of the ancient emperor Zhuanxu's great-grandson Lu Zhong. He lived in the Xia Dynasty about 4,000 years ago. He was a contemporary of Yao, Shun, and Yu. Peng's State (located in Xuzhou and its surrounding areas) is the ancestor of the Great Peng State, so it is also called Peng Zu.He successively served as Doctor Yinxian, Shang Bo, and Shouzang Shi. Peng Zu was the first person who led the ancestors of the ancient Peng State to create Xuzhou's ancient material civilization and spiritual civilization with both hands.He was well versed in cooking skills, and was appreciated for cooking delicious pheasant soup (Yeqiong Beiguan, Fu Nanguan, rich household pheasant soup) to Emperor Yao.Human beings should have a share of the credit for the evolution of human beings from drinking blood to the civilization of bells and lanterns.He is worthy of being the first professional culinary master and the originator of cooking in our country since there are written records.

Peng Zu was indifferent, quiet and ascetic.He is good at self-cultivation and self-cultivation with the technique of guiding and promoting qi. Later generations compiled it into "Peng Zu Jing" according to a set of procedures for exercising body. Peng Zu is famous for his longevity, Confucius called him "Old Peng"; At the end of Yin Dynasty, Peng Zu was seven hundred and sixty-seven years old, but his body was not old. "Liezi Liming" says that he lived "eight hundred years old". Peng Zu is good at both cooking and qigong. He pays attention to exercise under the premise of ensuring nutrition. It is understandable to say that he is a birthday star, but it may not be true to say that he lived "eight hundred years old". .This actually reflects the Great Peng Kingdom founded by Peng Zu, which lasted for about 800 years. Xu Yan, the monarch of the ancient Xu State, was known as King Xu Yan in history.Regarding the origin of its name "Yan", the ancients have many explanations. Shi Jiao, a Jin native in the Warring States Period, said in the book "Zizi": "The king of Yan had tendons but no bones when he was born, so he was called Yan".Zhang Hua, a native of the Western Jin Dynasty, recorded in his "Natural History" that is even more legendary: "In the ancient Xu State, "Xu Jun's palace man gave birth to eggs, thought it was ominous, and abandoned them on the waterfront. The lonely mother had a dog named Hucang, and got the Abandon the egg and bring it back to the mother. The mother covers it to warm it, and then it becomes a child. It is born and dies, so it is named." The so-called "Yan" means falling down and lying on the back.It can be seen that King Xu Yan suffered from congenital rickets, so he was named after "Yan". The ancient Xu State (or Xu Fang) was under the jurisdiction of the Huaisi River Basin, which is about today's Xuhuai area.During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the state of Xu in the Dongyi tribe did not submit to the rule of the emperor of Zhou. After several wars, the situation was still not stable.When King Mu of Zhou arrived, in order to consolidate the rule of the Zhou royal family, he took an expedient measure and canonized King Xu Yan as the monarch of Xu State.He practiced benevolence and justice in Xu State to govern the country, and his power became stronger and stronger, and he established 36 satellite countries around him.According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty Dongyi Biography": "(Zhou) King Mu was afraid of Fang Chi, so he divided the eastern princes and ordered Xu Yan to be the master. Yan Wang was located in the east of Huangchi, five hundred miles away, practicing benevolence and righteousness, and land. There are thirty-six kingdoms in the dynasty." It shows that Xu Guo was a huge and powerful country in Dongyi at that time. Zhou Tianzi was terrified by the prosperity of Xu State, so he ordered Chu State to send troops to attack Xu State. King Xu Yan "couldn't bear to fight against him".It is "go north to the foot of Dongshan, Wuyuan County, Pengcheng, and tens of thousands of people follow." It can be seen that King Xu Yan is popular in the Xuhuai area. Liu Hucaner (?—197 BC), Liu Bang's father, known as "Liu Taigong" in history, was born in Zhongyangli, Fengyi, Peixian County.Born as a farmer, his wife is Wang, and the official name is "Liu Nai", and she has three sons: Liu Bo, Liu Zhong, and Liu Ji.Liu Bangxing, the third season, idled around and did not do farming when he was young. Taigong Liu denounced him as a "rogue". During the Chu-Han War, in 205 BC, Xiang Yu defeated Liu Bang in Pengcheng. Liu Taigong, Liu Yu, and Lu Zhi were captured by Xiang Yu's army and held as hostages by the Chu army for nearly three years. After the world was divided, all survived. After Liu Bang became the emperor in 202 BC, he respected Liu Taigong as "the Supreme Emperor".In 198 BC, when celebrating the birthday of the Supreme Emperor at the Weiyang Palace in Chang'an, he said: "Master Shi often thinks that his ministers are helpless and unable to manage the industry, so he is not as good as Zhongli. Who is Zhongduo for a certain industry today?" Liu Huohan was speechless to answer.The Supreme Emperor was very unaccustomed to living in Chang'an, and was often depressed. Liu Bang asked why, and he said: "All the things I like in my life are butchers and vendors, selling wine and cakes, fighting cocks, kicking chrysanthemums, and taking pleasure in it. There is no such thing today, so Not happy." In order to make his father happy, Liu Bang chose Lintong Liyi, not far from Chang'an, and rebuilt it after the shape of Fengyi in Peixian County, his hometown, calling it Xinfeng, and "relocating all the old people to realize it, the Supreme Emperor is happy." Liu Bang (256-195 BC), Zi Ji, the founder of the Western Han Dynasty, known as "Han Gaozu" in history.Born in Zhongyangli (now Fengxian), Fengyi, Pei County, at the end of Qin Dynasty.Born in a farming family, he refused to engage in agricultural labor when he was young. He made friends and traveled widely, was willing to help others, loyal and open-minded, and generous.When I was a child, I moved to a place 30 miles north of Pei County to avoid chaos and settle down.It is said that it is in Liu Bangdian in today's Anguo Township.During the Western Han Dynasty, Fengyi was established as a county.Therefore, there is a saying in the local area that "Liu Bang nourishes the Han Dynasty".When he became an adult, Liu Bang became the head of the swimming pavilion in the village.In September of the first year of Emperor Qin II (209 BC), Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted against Qin in Daze Township. In September, Liu Bang raised troops in Pei County to respond. Under his call, the people killed the county magistrate and made him "Pei Gong" . In 207 BC, Sun Xin, King Huai of Chu, appointed Liu Bang as the head of Dang County and granted him the title of Marquis of Wu'an.In the battle against the Qin army, Liu Bang made good use of talents, paid attention to tactics, and had strict discipline. He became a famous leader of the peasant uprising army.In 206 BC, Liu Bang led his army westward and was invincible all the way, occupying Xianyang and overthrowing the rule of the Qin Dynasty.After entering the customs, Liu Bang and the elders of Qin Zhong made three agreements to calm the hearts of the people. After the death of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu established himself as the overlord of Western Chu, with Pengcheng as his capital, enfeoffed eighteen princes and kings, and named Liu Bang the king of Han.In 205 BC, Liu Bang led the princes to attack Chu under the pretext of "declaring a funeral for Emperor Yi".Between Chu and Han, after four years of war, in 202 BC, in the decisive battle of Gaixia, Xiang Yu was defeated, and Farewell Concubine fled south and slayed herself in Wujiang. In February 202 BC, Liu Bang took the throne in the north of Sishui, Luoyang, the western capital, and the Han Dynasty was proclaimed.Later, the capital was moved to Chang'an, thus establishing the Western Han Dynasty, which had 13 emperors and ruled for 214 years. Liu Bang reigned for only 7 short years, but he was still an emperor who made a difference.Politically, a centralization system was implemented; economically, the system of resting with the people was implemented, and agricultural production was resumed; in terms of the legal system, the "Han Law" was formulated.The implementation of these measures has played a certain progressive role in history. Lv Pheasant (241-180 B.C.), courtesy name Eju, was born in Peixian County and was Empress Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, so he was called "Queen Lv" in history.When Liu Bangwei was in power, she was engaged in agricultural labor, and when Liu Bang cut snakes and rebelled against Qin, she often accompanied the army.In 205 B.C., during the battle between Chu and Han in Pengcheng, Liu Bang was defeated. Lu Zhi and his parents-in-law were captured by the Chu army.Lu Pheasant gave birth to a daughter, Lu Yuan, and a son, Ying. In 202 B.C., after Liu Bang ascended the throne, Lv Zhi made suggestions for Liu Bang as a queen, especially in eliminating kings with different surnames and enfeoffing kings with the same surname, Empress Lv contributed the most. Empress Lu is resolute, decisive and capable.After Liu Bang's death in 195 BC, when Prince Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, he had no ability to govern the country, and the power of the court was actually controlled by Empress Lu alone.After the death of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty in 188 BC, Empress Lu stepped from the backstage to the front stage, proclaiming the imperial court.During his reign, he appointed Zhu Lu, cultivated cronies, eliminated dissidents, and controlled military and political power. During the period when Empress Lv was in power, it played a role in promoting the social and economic development in the early Han Dynasty. Liu Yu (363-422), courtesy name Deyu and nickname Jinu, was born in Suiyuli, Pengcheng.The founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty.During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the north was in chaos, and its ancestors lived in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang).He lost his father in his early years and his family was poor. When he was young, he worked as a farmer, as well as a woodcutter, fisherman and shoe seller. After Liu Yu joined the Beifu Army as a soldier, he had the military and political power of the Nanxu, Nanqing and Beifu Army due to his meritorious service in suppressing the peasant uprising in eastern Zhejiang and attacking Huanxuan who conspired to usurp the Jin emperor's throne with Liu Laozhi. In the fifth year of Jin Yixi (409) and in the twelfth year of Yixi (416), Liu Yu led his troops to the Northern Expedition twice under the order of Emperor Jin. Nan Yan and Later Qin.The victory of the Northern Expedition played a positive role in the stability and development of the vast area in the north. In June of the second year of Jin Yuanxi (420), Liu Yu abolished Emperor Jin and took the throne since then, with the country name Song.During his three years in power, he has many policies and practices that are worthy of recognition.It should be said that in the feudal society, he was an emperor who was enlightened, frugal, and concerned about the development of people's livelihood.He carried out the law of "earth cut" that restrained the rich and nobles and benefited the peasants; reduced the number of government officials in the state government; , Wear clogs, and collect the good utensils he used to farm, "to keep for later", and he is called "Tianshe Gong" at that time.Because his family was poor when he was young and did not have the opportunity to study, when he was an emperor, he paid special attention to the establishment of schools and education. He once issued an edict: "In the founding of the country in ancient times, teaching was the first, and there is nothing better than this. Enlightenment and stagnation, salty It must be done." He demanded that "Bo Yan Zhou Zi, Tao Prize Tong Meng, select Confucian officials, and promote national studies", and let the competent department "examine the old classics in detail and implement them in time." Liu Yu was at fault for suppressing the peasant uprising, which was caused by history, and the ancients should not be judged blindly; but when he was in charge of the government, he played a great role in the economic and cultural recovery and development of the north and south, especially the south. Li Ribian (889-943), courtesy name Zhenglun, was the founder of the Southern Tang regime, a native of Pengcheng, and the fifth grandson of Tang Xianzong Li Chun.Li Ribian's grandfather, Li Zhi, was a judge in Xuzhou, and his father, Li Rong, disappeared during the war at the end of Tang Dynasty.Li Ribian followed his uncle to seek refuge in Huaixi Haozhou (now Dingyuan), Fengyang, Jiashan, and Sizhou (now southeast of Suqian), and took refuge for Xu Wen (later named Wu Wang), a subordinate of Huainan Jiedu Shi Yang Xingmi (later named King Wu). He was adopted by the Prime Minister of the State of Wu, and changed his name to Xu Zhigao following Wen's surname.In participating in political activities with Xu Wen, he was promoted to the governor of Shengzhou (now Nanjing) because of his meritorious service. He was 24 years old at the time. At that time, local officials were corrupt, and Li did the opposite. He was honest and honest, recruited talents from all over the world, practiced enlightened politics, and initially showed his ability to forge ahead.Xu Wen was obsessed with Shengzhou and wanted to have fun here for a long time, so he took Zhigaodiao Runzhou (now Zhengan) as a regiment training envoy, and his political achievements were remarkable. Xu Wen sat in Jinling and ordered his son Xu Zhixun to be stationed in Guangling (now Yangzhou) to handle affairs.In 918 A.D., Xu Zhixun was killed by the former minister of Wu State because of his pride and cruelty.Xu Zhigao seized this opportunity and led his troops north to Yangzhou to get rid of the cruel government and reform the superfluous, which was very popular.In 927 AD, Xu Wen died of illness, and Zhigao took over the military and political power of Wu State.In 937 A.D., the emperor of Wu State was abolished, and the Southern Tang regime was established in Jinling (now Nanjing). The reign name was changed to Shengyuan, and the country name was Daqi.Two years later, he officially restored the surname Li, changed his name to Ribian, changed his country name to Tang, and was known as Southern Tang in history.At that time, the north conquered each other, and Li Ribian cautiously moved forward, avoiding the civil strife of the change of dynasty, which can be called a miracle in the history of the Five Dynasties. Li Ribian was 49 years old when he took the throne. After six or seven years of governance, the Southern Tang Dynasty showed prosperity.He longed to live forever and complete the great cause of reunification by himself, so he took a lot of pills, and the poisonous gas attacked his heart, and he died of malignant sores.Because he presided over the reform of politics, appointed literati, advocated civil rule, recruited refugees, persuaded farmers to cultivate mulberry fields, rectified the legal system, abolished many current disadvantages, and made the society stable and economic development in the ruled area. Therefore, when he died of illness, the people all cried and stopped eating scenario. The book is over!