Chapter 17 Appendix 3: Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, former committee members of the Pingjin Campaign

A native of Huanggang, Hubei, commander of the Northeast Military Region and Northeast Field Army.Graduated from the fourth batch of Whampoa Military Academy.Served as platoon commander, company commander, battalion commander, regiment commander.Due to his outstanding military exploits, he became the head of the Red Army at the age of 25 and led his troops to participate in the Long March.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the commander of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army. In the first battle at Pingxingguan, he severely damaged the Japanese army and became famous overseas.After being injured, he went to the Soviet Union to recuperate.After launching the civil war with the Democratic Party, he was sent to the Northeast, where he later served as secretary of the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, commander-in-chief of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, and commander of the Northeast Field Army.He is rich in strategy, majestic, scheming, actuarial, and has a tactical genius. Whenever he faces a battle, he likes to eat soybeans in silence and plan. On January 10, 1949, the Central Committee formed the Front Committee of the Pingjin Campaign with Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Nie Rongzhen. Lin Biao was the secretary. under its jurisdiction.

Luo Ronghuan (1902-1963 A.D.) was born in Hengshan, Hunan.He is an important leader of the Communist Party of China, the People's Republic of China and the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He has served as political commissar of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, political commissar of the Fourth Field Army, member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and director of the General Political Department of the PLA. Position, Marshal of the People's Republic of China.He was an outstanding commander of the People's Army and made valuable contributions to the victory of the Revolutionary War. He adhered to principles and was good at connecting with reality. He made outstanding achievements in military political work and was a great revolutionary and military strategist.

(1) To fight against evil forces On November 26, 1902, Luo Ronghuan was born in a small town in Hengshan, Hunan.Both his grandfather and father were teachers, and the family life was very poor.Later, his father abandoned education and went into business, so he bought some land. Unexpectedly, his father was framed again soon, and a lawsuit was filed for several years, and the family became poor again. One year, Dongting Lake in Luo Ronghuan's hometown was flooded, and the victims whose homes were flooded left their homes and lived in the small town where Luo's family lived.They were all skinny, naked, and begging everywhere... When Luo Ronghuan saw it, he felt sad, so he asked the adults:

"Why are the poor always so miserable?" "Oh! It's all hard life!" The grown-ups replied with a sigh. Luo Ronghuan sympathized with the suffering people from the bottom of his heart.When he grew up, he gradually understood that the suffering of the poor is not fate, but the result of oppression and exploitation by evil forces.His rebellion grew stronger every day. In 1919, he studied at Xiejun Middle School in Changsha, where he received a lot of new knowledge and ideas, and actively participated in the movement against warlord Zhang Jingyao and the boycott of Japanese goods.When he was about to graduate, a tragedy happened in Changsha in which Japanese sailors shot and wounded Chinese workers and students. Luo Ronghuan and his classmates carried the victim's body to the street to parade.Later, he was included in the "blacklist" of illegal students, so he had to leave Changsha to study at Qingdao University in Shandong.There he became one of the leaders of the student union, leading the students to actively participate in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement.

Once, Luo Ronghuan chatted with a classmate.He asked his classmates: "What is your outlook on life?" "Outlook on life?" The classmate thought for a while and said, "I want to seek happiness for mankind, and never harm others to benefit myself." "Then what do you plan to do in the future?" "I want to be an engineer in Lun, build a few more railways for the country, and earn money to repay my parents for their kindness." "Now that the government is corrupt, warlords are fighting each other, and the country is poor and weak, what should you do if your ideas fail?"

"If it fails, I will become a writer and use literary works to awaken the world and benefit mankind!" The student replied confidently. "What if this can't be realized?" Luo Ronghuan asked again. "Then..." The classmate was a little discouraged, "Then I'll be a failed hero! Anyway, I won't do things that will last forever!" Luo Ronghuan said seriously: "Government corruption will not only prevent us from realizing our ideals, but also lead to national subjugation. At that time, there will be no heroes or heroes!" "Then what do you say you plan to do?" the classmate asked back.

Luo Ronghuan said: "I also want to be an engineer, and I also want to save the country through industry, but there are evil forces everywhere. Now it seems that we have to fight the evil forces first and knock them down. Otherwise, nothing can be done!" In his youth, Luo Ronghuan was determined to dedicate himself to the cause of the liberation of the people. (2) Excellent party representatives In the autumn of 1926, Luo Ronghuan returned to his hometown from Qingdao.At this time, the Northern Expedition had already begun, and the wave of the Great Revolution was set off.He actively participated in the peasant movement, organized peasant associations, and fought against local tyrants and evil gentry. In 1927, Luo Ronghuan went to Wuchang Sun Yat-sen University to study, where he joined the Communist Party of China.Soon, the organization sent him as a special commissioner of the peasant association, and went to the countryside to organize the peasant self-defense army.After Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei betrayed the revolution one after another, he led the Self-Defense Forces to participate in the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Mao Zedong, and followed Mao Zedong to Jinggangshan.

Luo Ronghuan was in Jinggangshan, and he has been a company party representative since the beginning, and he has done a good job in political work. At that time, some of the Red Army officers were influenced by the old army, and they had a strong warlord habit, and they often beat and scolded soldiers.They believed that "three good words are worth a slap" and "good soldiers come from the whip of a horse". Luo Ronghuan never beat or scolded soldiers, and he did not agree with these statements. Once, a soldier who came back from sentry was too cold to sleep because of the cold, so he went to a fellow villager's house to bring a bundle of firewood to keep him warm.The squad leader found out, scolded him for being undisciplined, and slapped him severely.When the matter reached Luo Ronghuan, he called the squad leader and asked:

"I heard that you beat someone last night, why?" "That soldier violated discipline and took firewood from the common people." "Then you are justified in beating people?" Luo Ronghuan said dissatisfied, "Let me ask you again, as a squad leader, if you don't beat people, can you lead the soldiers well?" The squad leader didn't answer, Luo Ronghuan asked again: "Tell me, if you are a soldier and you make a mistake and the squad leader beats you, will you feel better?" The squad leader lowered his head and still didn't speak.Luo Ronghuan said patiently:

"Commissioner Mao has repeatedly said that ideological problems cannot be solved with fists. When we do our work, we must be reasonable, and we must convince people with reason, not force. Think about it..." After Luo Ronghuan's patient persuasion and education, the monitor finally realized his mistake. Advocate democracy, respect the personality of soldiers, do not beat and scold soldiers, make them feel that they are the masters of the revolutionary ranks, and become conscious fighters.This is a major task that Luo Ronghuan has often considered and worked hard on.Later, at the party representative symposium hosted by Mao Zedong, Luo Ronghuan introduced his experience in political and ideological work.Mao Zedong was very happy after hearing this, and said:

"Luo Ronghuan is a talent and a very good leader!" (3) Leave grass nests for the wounded and sick The Red Army began the Long March. Luo Ronghuan served as the deputy director of the Political Department of the First Army Corps. In the extremely difficult environment, he always cared about the soldiers. It's time to cross the grass.The climate of the meadow is rainy and changes greatly. It is often light rain for a while, and heavy rain and hail for a while.Luo Ronghuan wore a broken bamboo hat, which could neither block the wind nor the rain. The military uniform on his body was hardly dry because it was often exposed to rain. One night, the rain wet his blanket, and when the wind blew, he felt as uncomfortable as if he had fallen into an ice cellar.Really unable to fall asleep, he got up and warmed himself by the fire with the soldiers, and did not close his eyes the whole night. The next day, when camping, the soldiers built a straw nest.When Luo Ronghuan saw it, he thought that the soldiers built it for himself, so he praised: "This straw nest is well built! If there are two or three such straw nests in a class, the night will be better." "Chief, lie down and try to see if it's okay!" The squad leader took the opportunity to say. Luo Ronghuan felt much warmer lying in the grass nest, and he happily said to the soldiers: "It's great, it's sheltered from the wind and warm, it's really good!" "Then you can sleep here tonight, this is specially set up for you." "What?" Luo Ronghuan sat up suddenly, "Who told you to do this?" "We... discussed it ourselves..." the squad leader replied hesitantly. Looking at these lovely soldiers, Luo Ronghuan was very moved. He said kindly: "Thank you! But I am not qualified to live in this grass nest, so let's leave it to the wounded and sick!" After speaking, he strode away.In this way, Luo Ronghuan and the soldiers shared joys and sorrows, overcame snow mountains, grasslands and all difficulties and obstacles, arrived in northern Shaanxi, and successfully completed the world-famous 25,000-mile long march. (4) Liangshan Great Victory In July 1937, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Luo Ronghuan served as the director of the Political Department of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army and came to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War.Later, together with acting commander Chen Guang, he led a part of the 115th Division to advance to Shandong in the name of the Dongjin Detachment, and established the Shandong Anti-Japanese Base in the rear of the enemy. In late July 1939, the Dongjin Detachment entered Qianji, north of Songjiangzhai in Liangshan County, and suddenly received information: an enemy army of more than 300 people came straight from Wenshang to Liangshan.Chen Guang immediately ordered to prepare to meet the enemy. Luo Ronghuan and Chen Guang climbed to the top of the mountain, only to see patches of sorghum and corn fields everywhere. This dense green gauze tent is a good place to ambush the enemy.They immediately prepared for battle. At noon the next day, the enemy showed off their might.land is coming.First the puppet army took the lead, followed by the Japanese infantry, cavalry and artillery.When all the enemies walked into the encirclement, they heard "bang bang bang" and "boom boom!" The sound of guns and guns became one, and the Eighth Route Army ambushing in the green gauze tents on both sides suddenly opened fire, and the fierce artillery fire immediately disrupted the enemy's position. up.The infantry blocked the artillery, the cavalry dispersed the infantry, and all the puppet troops were scattered... The enemy commander Tian Minjiang, who was riding on a horse, held up a command knife and commanded his soldiers to fight desperately, waiting for reinforcements. Luo Ronghuan, who stood on the hillside and observed the enemy's situation with a telescope, discovered the enemy's plan and said to Chen Guang: "When two powerhouses meet, the brave one wins. We must wipe out the enemy before the enemy's reinforcements arrive!" "Yes, we must eat it!" After Chen Guang finished speaking, he ordered the troops to concentrate their forces and wipe out the enemy in one go. Fierce fighting lasted for a whole day, and the enemies were all wiped out.The battlefield is littered with dead enemies.Among the corpses, Tian Minjiang, the commander of the Japanese army, was found. The victory of Liangshan battle shocked the whole Shandong.People in the base area beat gongs and drums, and carried pork and watermelon to comfort the Eighth Route Army.In just half a month, more than three thousand young people joined the Eighth Route Army. Luo Ronghuan made great contributions to the establishment and development of the Shandong base area, and he was later appointed as the commander and political commissar of the Shandong Military Region. (5) Do not eat an apple from the common people After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Luo Ronghuan led a part of his troops to the Northeast and participated in the struggle to establish the Northeast Liberated Area.He successively served as political commissar of the Northeast Field Army and the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Soon, he became seriously ill. After examination, he was suffering from kidney cancer and had to go to the Soviet Union for treatment.Doctors operated on him and let him recuperate for three years.However, considering the needs of the domestic liberation war, Luo Ronghuan insisted on returning to China and participated in the battle to liberate Northeast China and the whole of China. In September 1948, the Liaoshen Campaign of an unprecedented scale started.In order to strengthen ideological work and ensure the victory of the war, Luo Ronghuan presided over a pre-war political work conference. The venue was set in a common people's house. Many apple trees were planted in the yard, and the trees were full of red apples. Because the fellow villagers went out to avoid the war, no one picked them.A gust of wind blew, and some overripe apples fell to the ground.Before the meeting, some cadres and soldiers saw the apples on the ground, so they picked them together and piled them into a pile, but no one ate them. At the meeting, Luo Ronghuan particularly emphasized the issue of discipline.Pointing to the fruit-laden apple tree in the yard, he said: "Now is the time when apples are ripe. We must educate our commanders and fighters not to eat an apple, no matter if it hangs on the tree, collects it at home, or falls on the ground. Don't eat it, and don't buy it with money. This discipline must be Be determined to do it." The discipline announced by Luo Ronghuan was passed down step by step, reaching every soldier.The commanders and fighters of the Northeast Field Army strictly abide by the three major disciplines and eight precautions, and no one eats an apple.Later, when Chairman Mao Zedong learned about it, he praised: "On this issue, the soldiers consciously think that not eating is noble, but eating is despicable. Because these are the people's apples, our discipline is based on this consciousness." With good discipline, the PLA commanders and fighters won the love of the people and quickly won the two major battles of Liaoshen and Pingjin.Luo Ronghuan made valuable contributions to the victory of the Chinese People's War of Liberation. (6) A good director of the Political Department After the founding of New China, Luo Ronghuan's condition gradually worsened.But revolution and construction need experienced senior cadres like him.Therefore, he successively held important positions such as the chief prosecutor of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the director of the General Political Department of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.Regardless of his physical fatigue and frequent heart attacks, he worked day and night. In order to speed up the modernization and regularization of the army, Luo Ronghuan believed that it is necessary to train a large number of cadres with political theory and cultural and scientific knowledge. Therefore, in December 1951, he proposed to set up a senior political cadre school. He personally served as the dean of the Political Science Institute. At the opening ceremony, Luo Ronghuan said to the students: "You come to the academy, this is a very good learning opportunity, everyone should cherish... our past political work, we had more agitation during wartime, and lacked systematic thinking education. This cannot meet the development and needs of regular army building. We It is necessary to carry out research on political work in the new era and improve military work one step further..." After school started, Luo Ronghuan went to the college two or three times a week.He emphasized that school life should inherit and develop the glorious tradition of our army.At the beginning, the academy provided sofas for students above the military level, but he disagreed, saying: "In the past, officers and soldiers were completely integrated into each other. Now we must pay attention not to separate one layer from another!" He also asked that the school's living standard should not be too different from that of the people of the whole country, and asked the logistics department to reduce the student's monthly food standard from 25 yuan to 20 yuan. Under his leadership, the School of Political Science adhered to the correct political direction, adhered to the style of study combining theory with practice, and trained a large number of regimental and above political cadres for all units of the army, which played a role in the modernization of the army. At the same time, Luo Ronghuan was also very opposed to formalism.After he was awarded the rank of Marshal, he once went to the Political Science Institute.The leaders, teachers, and students of the college all wore military ranks and lined up on the side of the road to greet them.Afterwards, Luo Ronghuan said to everyone: "I'm the dean, why do you still do this to me? Isn't this a formality?" "This is the prescribed etiquette!" explained a comrade. "That's for the outside world. Don't engage in this kind of thing among your own people. If you engage in formalities, I will be restrained instead." Later, every time Luo Ronghuan came to the college, he stopped organizing welcomes.Sometimes, he went directly to the masses to understand the situation, and then met with the leaders.He is indeed an outstanding military political worker. (7) Differences in principles In 1959, Marshal Peng Dehuai was wrongly criticized.The Minister of National Defense was replaced by Lin Biao.Lin Biao had great ambitions.In order to flaunt himself, he tried his best to promote the personality cult of Mao Zedong, saying that Mao Zedong Thought was "the pinnacle of modern thinking". The "Thirty-one Characters" policy of learning urgently, getting immediate results, and working hard on the word "use".In effect, people are asked to treat Mao Zedong's writings as dogma and ready-made answers. Luo Ronghuan clearly expressed his disapproval of what Lin Biao said.He said: "If you say that Mao Zedong Thought is the pinnacle of contemporary thinking, then there is no development? Mao Zedong Thought is the same as Marxism-Leninism, and it must develop with the development of the times!" He added: "Chairman Mao's works, you must study them carefully, pay attention to linking them with reality, and understand the essence of the spirit. As for seeing the shadows and not seeing the shadows, that is a question of the effectiveness of your studies in the future, so don't think about it yet." He also pointed out in a letter to his son Luo Dongjin: "The so-called study of Chairman Mao's works with questions must not just find ready-made answers from books... It is impossible to ask predecessors to write us a panacea." How profound are these words!But Lin Biao insisted on going his own way and insisted on promoting his ideas.Therefore, on April 3, 1961, Luo Ronghuan raised disagreements with Lin Biao at a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Military Commission.In one document, Lin Biao's words were paraphrased in full.During the discussion, Luo Ronghuan said: "Learn from Mao Xuan with questions. This sentence must be considered. There is something wrong with this sentence." "Where is this sentence!" Lin Biao asked deliberately, pretending not to know.When someone read it to him, he looked very ugly and asked unhappily: "Then how do you say you should learn?" Luo Ronghuan said frankly: "It should be to study the spiritual essence of Chairman Mao's works. It is better to change the phrase 'study with problems'." Lin Biao remained silent for a while, seeing that no one was speaking, he had to say in a strange voice: "Not good, just remove it!" "It's better to remove it." Luo Ronghuan continued, "When studying Chairman Mao's works, you must learn from the fundamentals and integrate them thoroughly. You must learn standpoints, viewpoints, and methods, and be closely connected with reality..." "Okay, the meeting is adjourned!" Lin Biao interrupted him suddenly and rudely, and he left first after speaking. "Discuss the problem, why is it like this! Could it be that learning a few quotations can build up the army?" Luo Ronghuan said to himself, holding back his anger. Because Luo Ronghuan clearly opposed Lin Biao's actions, during the "Cultural Revolution", Lin Biao and his wife Ye Qun attacked the deceased Luo Ronghuan and persecuted his relatives.However, history ultimately proved Luo Ronghuan to be correct. Luo Ronghuan died of illness in December 1963.His brilliant performance and noble character will always be remembered by people. Nie Rongzhen (1899-1992 AD), was born in Jiangjin, Sichuan.He is an important leader of the Communist Party of China, the People's Republic of China and the Chinese People's Liberation Army. He has served as a political commissar of the First Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, a political commissar of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, the commander of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region and the North China Military Region, and a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. , Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, Vice Premier of the State Council and Director of the Science and Technology Committee, Marshal of the People's Republic of China.He is an outstanding commander of the People's Army, and made outstanding contributions in the Civil Revolutionary War and the Anti-Japanese War. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he made great contributions to the cause of new China's science and technology and national defense modernization. He is a great visionary revolutionary and military strategist. (1) Challenging feudal customs Jiangjin, Sichuan is close to the Yangtze River, and it is a place with beautiful scenery and rolling hills. On December 29, 1899, Nie Rongzhen was born in Wutan Town, Jiangjin County. When he started school, our country was on the eve of the Revolution of 1911, and the dissemination of various new ideas was very active.Nie Rongzhen accepted many new ideas and bravely challenged the bad habits of feudalism. One day, Nie Rongzhen came home from school. As soon as he entered the door, he heard his sister Rongchang crying.It turned out that an old lady was wrapping a long cloth around her sister's feet desperately.Nie Rongzhen hurried forward and said to his father: "Why should a good foot be bound? Can't it be unwrapped?" "No, it's a rule passed down from generation to generation for girls to bind their feet. Children, don't worry about it!" "Father, look at grandma and mother's feet are bound and broken. It's so inconvenient to walk! Bad rules will be broken! Don't you feel sorry for your sister?" "Why don't you feel distressed? If you don't bind your feet, people will look down on you!" "That's right, girls don't bind their feet when they grow up. It's a shame to have big feet. It's hard to find a husband!" The old woman who came to bind her feet interjected. After hearing what the old woman said, Nie Rongzhen angrily stepped forward and pointed at her nose and said repeatedly: "Go away! My sister's feet are unbound!" Seeing that Nie Rongzhen firmly opposed it, and his parents no longer insisted, the old woman had no choice but to leave in despair.The younger sister's feet were saved. The story quickly spread around the town.The old-fashioned people blamed Nie Rongzhen for breaking the old rules, which is outrageous.And those who are open-minded and progressive all praised him for daring to challenge the bad customs of feudalism, which is a good job. (2) Become a revolutionary talent In 1917, Nie Rongzhen was admitted to Jiangjin County Middle School.In school, his grades have always been among the best, and all the good comments are written on the conduct form.My father was very satisfied after reading it, and praised it repeatedly.Nie Rongzhen said disapprovingly: "It's not this list of conduct that I'm after." What is Nie Rongzhen pursuing?He wants to pursue the truth of transforming society and saving the country and the people.Later, he took an active part in the patriotic movement against the Japanese invasion of China, and when the government pursued him, he resolutely left the school. In November 1919, he and a group of patriotic young people went to France for a work-study program, determined to dedicate themselves to the prosperity of the motherland. At the beginning, Nie Rongzhen advocated "saving the country by science" and "saving the country by industry", and wanted to learn more about science and technology to serve the motherland.But then his thinking changed.Seeing the corruption of the Chinese warlords and seeing the Western powers controlling China's economy and industry, he thought: "In this reality, even if you learn science and technology well, what is the use of returning to China?" Soon, he came into contact with Marxism, and got close to some people who advocated the proletarian revolution, and realized that the only way to save the country and the nation from peril and to provide food and clothing for 400 million compatriots is to implement socialism.From then on, he began to participate in revolutionary activities, joining the Youth League and the Communist Party of China successively. Due to the increasingly busy revolutionary activities, Nie Rongzhen had to take up class time.He said to his comrades: "It's not a solution for a person with limited energy to study a major and do revolutionary work in the long run." "Then what are you going to do?" "I think, just give up studying majors and concentrate on doing revolutionary work!" Nie Rongzhen was determined to change his personal ambitions, devoted himself to the most important revolutionary cause, took on the daily work of the party group in Europe, and became a professional revolutionary.Later, he went to the Soviet Union. In addition to studying revolutionary theory, he also went to a military school to study military affairs.A few years later, Nie Rongzhen returned to China as a military talent capable of writing and martial arts, and devoted himself to the torrent of revolution. (3) To create your own army In the summer of 1925, Nie Rongzhen returned to China and was sent to the Whampoa Military Academy as the secretary of the Political Department and political instructor.He has done a lot of work to cultivate revolutionary military talents.Later, he participated in the Northern Expedition and went to Hubei to serve as Secretary of the CPC Provincial Military Commission.Soon, Chiang Kai-shek launched the April 12 coup, massacring the Communists, workers and peasants. Nie Rongzhen firmly advocated counterattack and established his own armed forces. One day in July, Zhou Enlai convened the staff of the Military Commission and conveyed the decision of the central government to launch an uprising in Nanchang. Nie Rongzhen was very excited when he heard it. "When do you do it?" he asked. "Be prepared first, and follow orders when the time comes." Zhou Enlai said, "As the secretary of the former party committee, I appointed Nie Rongzhen as the former secretary of the enemy's military committee. Your task is to go to Jiujiang to inform comrades in the party to prepare for the uprising!" "I fully support this decision and must complete the task!" Nie Rongzhen immediately set off to Jiujiang and found the 24th Division led by Ye Ting.In order to convey the decision of the central government, he braved the scorching heat and sweated profusely to walk to each unit.Soon, this team advanced to Nanchang, and Nie Rongzhen rushed from Jiujiang to Mahuiling again, and went to the 25th Division to do mobilization work.At this time, the Nanchang Uprising broke out. Nie Rongzhen decided to lead part of the already mobilized troops to Nanchang immediately. As soon as he got on the train, a coal car suddenly came from the direction of Jiujiang. It turned out that the enemy leader Zhang Fakui came.Seeing that the troops were in action, Zhang Fakui stood at the gate of the train and shouted: "What are you going to do? Hurry up and stop!" Nie Rongzhen made a decisive decision and said to a platoon leader surnamed Li: "Let Zhang Fakui's driver drive, and if he doesn't drive, he will shoot as a warning." The driver really didn't dare to drive, so platoon leader Li fired his gun into the sky. Zhang Fakui was frightened at first, jumped off the train and ran away, leaving the guards, pistols, and binoculars behind. "Let's go!" Nie Rongzhen ordered. The troops participating in the uprising broke through the resistance and rushed to Nanchang in time to become part of the revolutionary army.Later, Nie Rongzhen also participated in the Guangzhou Uprising.He made great contributions to the establishment of the people's armed forces. (4) Famous generals of the Red Army From 1928 to 1931, Nie Rongzhen went to Hong Kong, Tianjin, Shanghai and other places to persist in the party's underground work, and went through difficulties and dangers.Later, he was sent to the Central Revolutionary Base as the deputy director of the General Political Department of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and soon served as the political commissar of the First Army Corps. From then on, he began his long-term military career.His calm and foresighted style left a deep impression on people. In the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" struggle, Nie Rongzhen and the regiment commander Lin Biao commanded the Red Army soldiers together and won many victories.Once, they fought an ambush in Huangpi.Unfortunately, on the day of departure, it was rainy and foggy, and the troops had to brave the rain to advance.At night, I can't even see my fingers.Nie Rongzhen said to everyone: "We cannot slow down, we must speed up!" "It was dark and raining, and there was no road on the ground. It was very difficult!" Someone said. "We must overcome difficulties and reach our destination on time!" Nie Rongzhen said decisively. In this way, the soldiers stepped on the muddy water, drenched all over, and quickly occupied the ambush area.After dawn, a large group of enemy troops aggressively entered the encirclement. Lin Biao said: "Give the order, let's fight!" "Wait a little longer, hold your breath." Nie Rongzhen said, "Wait until all their weapons and supplies come in before fighting, and accept them together!" Sure enough, the enemy's five regiments and supply troops all entered the encirclement.Nie Rongzhen gave the order to open fire.In this battle, the enemy was dizzy and fled in embarrassment.Nie Rongzhen saw a group of enemy troops fleeing desperately towards the mouth of the valley, so he sent a regiment to stop them, and then he shouted: "Special Agent Company, follow me!" With that said, he personally led the people to rush down the mountain.Seeing this, the chief of staff shouted anxiously: "Commissioner Nie, you can't come, it's too dangerous!" How could Nie Rongzhen care about these things, he was attracted by the fierce battle scene, and rushed to the battlefield with his people.This battle lasted for three hours, wiped out a large number of enemies, and captured two division commanders alive. (5) Never compromise in principle Nie Rongzhen is kind and humble, and never strives for fame and fortune, but on issues of principle, he stands firm and has a clear attitude.His relationship with Lin Biao illustrates this point. From the Agrarian Revolution to the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Nie Rongzhen and Lin Biao cooperated several times and jointly commanded an army, winning many victories.Lin Biao had some talent for fighting, but he was highly individualistic.Nie Rongzhen's attitude towards him is: no more arguments if it is not a matter of principle; no concessions on matters of principle. For example, during the Long March, after the Zunyi Conference, Mao Zedong became the leader and led the Red Army to deal with the enemy flexibly.Lin Biao was not satisfied.Said to Nie Rongzhen: "We are doing everything we can to bow our heads, we should walk our bowstrings. Mao Zedong's actions will drag down the team." Nie Rongzhen said: "I don't agree with you. We are like being in the enemy's pocket. How can we get out if we remain silent and highly mobile?" Lin Biao refused to listen, and suddenly called Peng Dehuai, encouraging him to say: "The current leadership is failing, you come out and command! You give the order, and we will go with you." Peng Dehuai refused.Nie Rongzhen seriously criticized Lin Biao: "How can you appoint the commander-in-chief and remove the commander-in-chief? Our army is the army of the party, not an army of individuals. Whoever wants to rebel can't do it! If you order actions without authorization, I can also use the name of the political commissar to order not to carry out!" Lin Biao wrote another letter to the central government, asking Mao Zedong to step down and asking Nie Rongzhen to sign it, but Nie Rongzhen firmly refused. "You don't want Chairman Mao to lead, who will lead?" He said, "You just participated in the Zunyi meeting, and you came to oppose the Zunyi meeting. Now only Chairman Mao can save the whole situation. I don't sign your letter, and I object to your signing! " Later, Mao Zedong severely criticized Lin Biao, saying: You are a baby, what do you know?Facts have proved that Nie Rongzhen is completely correct.His character is well known. (6) Model anti-Japanese base areas During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Jinchaji border area founded and led by Nie Rongzhen was hailed as a model anti-Japanese base area and became a glorious banner of anti-Japanese resistance behind enemy lines. Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei refers to the junction of Shanxi, Chahar, and Hebei provinces. It is in the middle of the four north-south east-west railway lines, and its location is very important.Establishing an anti-Japanese base here is tantamount to inserting a sharp knife in the heart of the enemy.Nie Rongzhen accepted the mission and came to this dangerous place behind the enemy.He said to his comrades: "The difficulties before us are enormous. But as long as we mobilize and arm the masses, we will be able to overcome all difficulties." Later, he wrote an inscription: "Fight to the end to defend the motherland, and vow to live and die with the people of North China!" expressing his determination to persist in the struggle behind the enemy lines. Under the leadership of Nie Rongzhen, the construction of the first anti-Japanese base area started rapidly.The people's political power was established, and people from all walks of life united together. Even monks and lamas who became monks in Wutai Mountain participated in the anti-Japanese activities.Many foreign friends, such as Bethune and Ke Tihua, also came to the Jinchaji base area to fight against the Chinese people together.Nie Rongzhen became a well-known anti-Japanese hero both at home and abroad. He led the soldiers and civilians in the base area to attack the Japanese invaders many times, the most famous one being the battle in which the Japanese "Flower of the Famous General" Norihide Abe was killed. In November 1939, after Nie Rongzhen received a report from the commander of the first division, Yang Chengwu, who led the army to annihilate a group of Japanese troops sent by Kihide Abe at Yansuya, he immediately instructed: "Don't be paralyzed by the victory. Abe Kihide is arrogant and will definitely come to revenge. I order you to withdraw from the battlefield immediately and hide. Maybe there will be another tough battle." As expected by Nie Rongzhen, Kihide Abe and others led the Japanese army to sweep the base the next day. Nie Rongzhen instructed: "We send a small force to lure the enemy over and lure them eastward. When they reach Huangtuling, we will concentrate our main force to surround and annihilate them!" Under the command of Nie Rongzhen, the Battle of Huangtuling won a complete victory.Norihide Abe was killed by shells, and the Japanese army lamented that "the flowers of famous generals withered on the Taihang Mountains", which caused a sensation all over the world. (7) The general and the orphan In August 1940, during the battle to recover the Jingxing Coal Mine, soldiers of the Eighth Route Army rescued two little Japanese girls from the flames of war.The older one was about five or six years old, and the younger one was under one year old and was injured.Their parents had been killed in the cannon fire. When the news reached the headquarters, Nie Rongzhen said to the soldiers: "Although the enemy has brutally killed countless of our compatriots and children, children are innocent and they are also victims of war. We must not harm the Japanese people and their descendants. Send them to the headquarters, I will find a way Set them up." The two children were quickly sent to the headquarters. Nie Rongzhen first picked up the younger sister who was under the age of one and looked at it. Seeing that the wound was well bandaged, he immediately asked the guards to go to the fellow's house to find milk for her.Then, he lovingly pulled the older girl over and asked her name? This girl is called Mihoko, she doesn't understand Chinese, she just kept saying in Japanese: "Mom is dead".Because the pronunciation of "死了" in Japanese is very similar to "Xingzi", the translator mistakenly thought her name was Xingzi. Seeing that Mihoko hadn't recovered from her panic, Nie Rongzhen took a pear and washed it, and said kindly to her: "Xingzi, this pear is cleaned, let's eat it!" Seeing that Nie Rongzhen was so kind to her, Mihoko began to relax from her nervousness.She took the pear and ate it.When it was time to eat, Nie Rongzhen pulled Mihoko into his arms again, and fed her with a small spoon.After a few days, Mihoko is no longer restrained, she often uses her small hands to hold Nie Rongzhen's breeches, running back and forth with Nie Rongzhen, so affectionate! How to arrange these two Japanese orphans?Nie Rongzhen thought: These two children have lost their parents and are alone. If they are left in a foreign country, it will cause them pain in the future; if they are sent back to China, her relatives and friends can take good care of them.He decided to send the two little Japanese girls back to the Japanese army headquarters stationed in Shijiazhuang, and asked them to send the children back to China. The day before his departure, Nie Rongzhen and Mihoko took a photo together, and the next day, they sent someone to send them to Shijiazhuang with a pick.Before parting, Nie Rongzhen put a lot of pears in the basket for the children to eat on the road, and wrote a letter to the Japanese soldiers.In his letter he said: "The Chinese people will never regard Japanese soldiers and the Japanese people as enemies... Our Eighth Route Army, the spirit of internationalism, benevolence and righteousness, from beginning to end, must fight to the end for the survival of the Chinese nation and the eternal peace of mankind..." After the two Japanese orphans were sent to Shijiazhuang, the injured little sister died of her injuries.After Mihoko was sent back to China, she was raised by relatives and friends.Forty years later, Mihoko, who has become a mother of three children, and her whole family made a special trip to China to visit Marshal Nie Rongzhen and thank him for saving his life.这件事成了发展中日人民友好关系的一段佳话。 （八）为了保护古都 在解放战争中，作为华北地区人民军队的最高负责人，聂荣臻叉为人民的解放事业日夜操劳。他率领军民反击国民党军队的进攻，又进一步实行反攻，解放了华北的大片国土。为全国的解放创造了条件。后来，中共中央从延安迁到了华北。 到了1948年冬天，三大战役的平津战役开始了。聂荣臻和林彪、罗荣桓等一起指挥了这场伟大的战役，打了许多胜仗。当北平（即北京）被人民解放军包围之后，聂荣臻又及时地提出了和平解放北平的建议。 当时中共中央曾提出过用政治手段解放北平，保护古都的设想，聂荣臻非常赞成。他通过北平地下党组织透来的情报，得知傅作义和蒋介石的想法不一样，就对罗荣桓说： “现在，傅作义的王牌三十五军已经被消灭了，如果我们把天津攻下来，堵住他逃跑的路，逼他谈判。和平解放北平是有可能实现的。” “我也有同感。”罗荣桓说。 “北平是文化古都，我们应该努力争取和平解放，使它免遭战火破坏，使人民生命财产免遭损失。”聂荣臻又说。 “对。要在不放弃战争解决问题的同时，争取和平方式。” 但是林彪听了聂荣臻的意见后，不冷不热地说： “你的想法很好。但是是幻想，不可能实现，还是要靠打解决问题。” “我们是要准备打。”聂荣臻耐心地说，“不过应尽力使古都保全下来，何况党中央已经选定北平为新中国的首都呢！” 林彪还是一个劲摇头。聂荣臻只好以个人名义向党中央发出电报，建议争取和平解放北平。党中央和毛泽东很快回电，完全同意。聂荣臻亲自主持了与傅作义代表的谈判，终于达成了和平解放北平的协议，为保护古都做出了历史性的贡献。 （九）科技工作的领头人 新中国成立以后，聂荣臻担任了代理总参谋长、华北军区司令员和北平市市长等职务，为新中国的国防建设，做了大量工作。1955年，他被授予元帅军衔。 由于过度的劳累，聂荣臻在1953年病倒了，不得不休养治疗。1956年，大病初愈的聂荣臻向党中央要求工作，总书记邓小平对他说： “中央有三个方案，由你自己选择：一是去当北京市市长；二是主管全国的科学技术工作；三是主管国防工业和部队装备。” “我对科学技术工作很感兴趣。”聂荣臻兴奋地说，“我们国家太落后，也迫切需要开展这方面的工作。至于国防工业，与科技有密切联系，将来兼顾也可以。” “好，我同意。那就这样定了。”邓小平说。 不久，聂荣臻就担任了国务院副总理、科学规划委员会党组书记，主管起我国的科学技术工作。 发展我国的科技事业，改变我国的落后面貌，是聂荣臻多年的愿望。青年时代，他就抱着这个理想赴法留学。黑暗腐败的旧中国使聂荣臻的理想无法实现。现在，新中国诞生了，人民掌握了政权，是实现这个理想的时候了。聂荣臻心中暗下决心，要把自己的后半生献给科学事业。从1956到1966年，聂荣臻主持科技工作十年，使科学技术有了飞跃发展。机构健全了，一项项重大成果诞生了。 1960年8月以后，苏联撤走了技术专家，我国科技事业必须走自己的路。聂荣臻向中央提出建议，坚持独立自主，自力更生，但也不封锁自己。他还对同志们说： “这些困难是暂时的，可以克服的。要下决心把自己的导弹和试验设备设计出来，用中国的材料制造出来……” 几年之后，我国的原子弹、导弹、氢弹都试验成功了。聂荣臻亲自主持了这些试验，被称为“中国原子弹之父”。他还特别关心知识分子的生活，表示愿意当科研战线的勤务员，使科技人员十分感动。在三年经济困难时期，他听说有些科技人员生活困难，感到很不安，就向各方面呼吁，给这些科技人员调拨了肉、鱼、黄豆等一些副食品。He said: “这虽是生活上的事，也是一项有力的政治工作呀！” 在我国科学技术的发展史上，聂荣臻的贡献是非常突出的。他受到了广大科技工作者的尊敬和爱戴。 （十）针锋相对的斗争 在十年动乱的“文化大革命”中，聂荣臻和其他老一辈革命家一样，受到了林彪、江青一伙的迫害和攻击。他和那一伙坏人进行了坚决的斗争。 在1967年的所谓“二月逆流”中，聂荣臻和老一辈革命家一起，愤怒斥责“打倒一切”的做法。他对“中央文革”成员说： “你们对青少年不教而诛的做法是极其错误的！你们不能为了要打倒老子，就揪斗孩子，株连家属，搞落井下石，这就是不安好心！” 林彪、江青一伙怀恨在心，后来竟千方百计地诬陷聂荣臻。 1968年3月，林彪一伙捏造了“杨余傅事件”，造谣杨成武等人要为“二月逆流”翻案，把他们拘留起来。因为杨成武原来是聂荣臻的部下，林彪、江青等人又大批起“华北山头主义”，煽动揪杨成武的“黑后台”，把矛头指向了聂荣臻。江青在八届十二中全会上，竟居心险恶地说： “1948年，毛主席刚到阜平县南庄，就遇到敌机轰炸，险些遇害。是有人阴谋暗害，特务电台就设在军区司令部，后来又把特务处决灭口。” 聂荣臻当时是华北军区司令员，直接负责保卫毛泽东。江青这么说．不县右膏陷害吗？事实上正是因为聂荣臻高度警惕，才保卫了毛泽东的安全，后来又很快查清了暗藏的特务，把他们处决了。 聂荣臻从这件事上，更看清了林彪、江青一伙人的反动面貌，林彪垮台以后，他积极投入批判林彪的斗争，对“四人帮”也保持着警惕。毛泽东去世之后，聂荣臻派人转告叶剑英： “四人帮一伙是反革命，什么坏事都干得出来，要防止他们先下手。……只有采取断然措施，才能防止意外。” 不久，华国锋、叶剑英等代表全党全国人民的意志，一举粉碎了四人帮。在这场斗争中，聂荣臻起了重要的推动作用。 The book is over!