Chapter 15 Appendix 1: The Whole Process of the Peaceful Liberation of Peking

Tao Zhu enters Beiping City—Fu Zuoyi leads his troops out of the city—The Joint Office of Peking is established—The People's Liberation Army enters Beiping City—Peking is liberated—Why Fu Zuoyi is dissatisfied—The People's Liberation Army holds a ceremony for entering the city—Reorganizes the troops—Fu Zuoyi's visit to Xibaipo Going—Convening of the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee—"We will never be Li Zicheng"—Relocation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to Beiping City—Military Parade at Xiyuan Airport—Electricity and Peace On the afternoon of January 21, 1949, a jeep drove from Wuliqiao Village, Tongxian County, and headed straight for Chaoyang Gate in Beiping.Sitting in the car were Zhou Beifeng, Tao Zhu, the chief representative of the People's Liberation Army in disguise, Xu Bing, Rong Zihe and others.When the car arrived in the defense zone of the liberated area, Tao Zhu got off the car and contacted him personally.When entering the Kuomintang army defense area, Tao Zhu smiled and said to Zhou Beifeng: "My mission is completed, and General Fu's troops are ahead, please contact me!"

While talking, suddenly there was a loud "boom" in front of him, and the dust flew up. The driver panicked a little, couldn't hold the steering wheel, and the car swayed.Zhou Beifeng hurriedly grabbed the steering wheel from the back seat and told him to stop to put out the fire.After the car stopped, I found a group of sheep in front of me. Because of the approaching car, they scattered and left the road. They ran to the dirt roads on both sides, and several of them were killed by stepping on the landmines.The driver was a little more nervous seeing this situation.So, Zhou Beifeng said: "Let me drive this section of the road, don't worry!" Tao Zhu said: "Okay! Let Mr. Zhou drive."

After traveling for more than two miles, I met two Kuomintang soldiers.Zhou Beifeng stopped the car and said, "I'm Zhou Beifeng from the North China Headquarters. Director Wang Kejun didn't inform you. Should I enter the city in a jeep at this time?" Report to an officer.The officer knew about this and said: "A staff officer Diao has been waiting all morning and just went to the city for dinner, and he may come in a while." Zhou Beifeng said to him: "When Diao Kecheng comes, you tell him that we won't wait." After Zhou Beifeng finished speaking, he got into the car, drove the car to the North China "Suppression General" friendship office, and immediately called Wang Kejun and said: Already in town.

At noon on January 22, Fu Zuoyi hosted a banquet for Tao Zhu and his party, accompanied by Deng Baoshan, Guo Zongfen, Wang Kejun, Zhou Beifeng, Cui Zaizhi, Yan Youwen and others.The banquet has been immersed in a friendly and excited atmosphere.During the meeting, Fu Zuoyi said to Tao Zhu: "The plan for the reorganization of the troops out of the city has been drawn up. General Cheng Zihua has taken over the city defense of Beiping, and the defenders have reorganized out of the city according to the established plan." In the afternoon of the same day, Tao Zhu said to Zhou Beifeng: "According to the provisions of the agreement between the two parties, a joint office in Peking should be established immediately to deal with the aftermath of the peaceful liberation of Peking. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that Ye Jianying should be the director of the office, and I, Xu Bing and Rong Zihe is a committee member. The three committee members of Mr. Fu, please let me know after you have made an appointment. Let’s go outside the city to see Ye Jianying, deputy chief of the general staff, in a day or two.”

In the evening, Tao Zhu and Fu Zuoyi further studied the date, sequence, location and reorganization plan of the troops in the city leaving the city. Handover of military and government agencies, etc. At 10 a.m. on the 22nd, the two hostile sides under the ancient capital of Beiping—the 25 divisions of the Kuomintang’s North China “Bandit Suppression” General Headquarters and the attacking troops of the People’s Liberation Army’s Pingjin Frontline Headquarters—officially ceased fighting. In order to ensure that more than 200,000 troops of his direct descendants in Peiping could leave the city smoothly, Fu Zuoyi made careful consideration and careful arrangements for the order in which the troops left the city.He decided that the 4th Cavalry Division would leave the city first in order to give the other troops a good head start.

The 4th Cavalry Division is comparable to the "Ace" 35th Army among Fu Zuoyi's direct line troops, and can be called "the direct line of the direct line, the main force of the main force".Teacher Liu Chunfang, a native of Qian'an County, Hebei Province, was born in an ordinary peasant family in 1901. In 1928, he was admitted to Shanxi Taiyuan Military Academy. After graduation, he was assigned to Fu Zuoyi's army as a trainee. Later, he followed Fu Zuoyi for decades. As the saying goes: They are "people who care about their hearts".Today, Fu Zuoyi entrusted him with the task of taking the lead out of the city. Liu Chunfang deeply understood Fu Zuoyi's good intentions. He believed that he had never shamed Fu Zuoyi on the battlefield, let alone now.

Liu Chunfang's 4th Cavalry Division was stationed at Taoranting, Yongdingmen, and Xiannongtan in Nancheng. After the truce was announced, they did not relax in the slightest, and there was still a busy military scene ready to go.I saw the horses roaring, and the troops hurried.Liu Chunfang gathered his troops in the wilderness of Taoranting Cemetery, and was giving orders to go out of the city to the reorganization site.He said: "Today's marching sequence: I and the deputy division commander walked at the front, followed by the 1st regiment, the division headquarters, the 2nd regiment, and the 3rd regiment. The logistics of the division and the logistics and supplies of each regiment must be in line with our own. Keep a certain distance between the troops, and don't get too close, so as not to mess up the formation of the team and affect the neat appearance of the team." After a pause, he made a request to the troops: "When leaving Yongding Gate, no one You are not allowed to sit on the saddle, you have to step on the saddle, you have to stand upright, you are not allowed to look aside; you must fully demonstrate the majesty of the cavalry! We are out of the city to adapt, to the light, not to lose the battle. Therefore, we You must cheer up and drive out of the city boldly. No one is allowed to shoot along the way, especially when passing through the defense zone of the People's Liberation Army, let alone shoot. Anyone who shoots is courting death. Officials at all levels must control the troops."

After speaking, Liu Chunfang rode his tall white horse, staring ahead, and walked at the forefront of the troops.When this troop walked to Xizhimen, there were more and more onlookers, and they gave warm applause to Liu Chunfang's serious, serious and meticulous demeanor leading the troop out of the city. The 4th Cavalry Division took the lead out of the city, setting an example for the follow-up troops.However, from the 23rd, the Kuomintang garrison temporarily stopped going out of the city, and Fu Zuoyi sent people to work in the troops that had not left the city. On January 26, all the troops left the city one after another. The first part of the 104th Army and the 17th Division of the 35th Army served as guards at the gates of Beiping and never left the city. The rest of the troops went out of the city and drove to the designated location.On the afternoon of this day, Fu Zuoyi took his North China "bandit suppression" headquarters, under the protection of the guard group, left Zhongnanhai by car, and returned to Luodaozhuang, the western suburb of Beiping.In this way, Fu Zuoyi's 1 "Suppression General" headquarters, 2 corps headquarters, and 8 armies in Beiping, a total of 25 divisions and 250,000 people, left the city to wait for reorganization.

In a blink of an eye, the Spring Festival is coming. In order to make the officers and soldiers out of the city have a happy New Year, Fu Zuoyi gave each soldier one silver coin, five officers, and a piece of cloth. He also distributed all the military cans in the city to the troops, and finally appeased the troops. one time. At 12 o'clock on January 31, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Nie Rongzhen called the Central Military Commission to report on the situation that Fu Zuoyi led his troops out of the city in recent days.The telegram said: "As of yesterday (30th), Fu's Department has sent out the armies of the 4th and 9th Corps, the 101st Army, and the Fourth Cavalry Division. Now there are only the Anchunshan remnants of the 104th Army and the 17th Army in the city. Master, I decided to dispatch all of them today." "Fu's two conversations and the intentional and unintentional discussions of his cronies, Fu is determined to hand over the troops. As long as we give him a better face and don't insult his personality to his subordinates, we can Respect the freedom of officers to stay and stay, and adopt a peaceful method when reorganizing, and we can make up whatever we want. Because Fu already knows that we will not make any concessions on the issue of armed forces. If we don't treat him well, it's better to be more straightforward."

After Fu Zuoyi's troops left the city, the establishment of a joint office was put on the agenda according to the "Agreement on the Peaceful Settlement of the Peking Issue" negotiated at the third peace talks.A few days ago, Tao Zhu informed Zhou Beifeng of the situation, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to appoint Ye Jianying as the director of the office, and Tao Zhu, Xu Bing, and Rong Zihe as members.However, who is Fu Zuoyi's committee member? He hasn't answered yet. On January 28, Ye Jianying wrote a letter to Fu Zuoyi: Mr. Yisheng Medal of Honor:

The joint handover agency plans to hold a preparatory meeting tomorrow (29th) at 2:00 pm in the outskirts of the city. Please inform your participants to come to the meeting in good time. Ye Jianying January 28 On January 29, Fu Zuoyi replied to Ye Jianying: Honor of Mr. Jianying: Dearly informed by letter dated January 28, Guo Zongfen, Jiao Shizhai, and Zhou Beifeng are hereby dispatched to attend, please check your photos and praise Shi Qi Fu Zuoyi January 29 At that time, Guo Zongfen was the deputy commander-in-chief of the North China "Suppression General", and Jiao Shizhai was the secretary-general of the North China "Suppression General". On the 29th, it was the Spring Festival.In the Summer Palace in the western suburbs of Beiping, it was deserted and there were no tourists.At around 2:00 p.m., Cheng Zihua and Mo Wenhua arrived at the East Gate of the Summer Palace by car. Instead of rushing into the garden, they stood outside the gate and looked eastward.After a while, Guo Zongfen, Jiao Shizhai, and Zhou Beifeng also arrived at the east gate by car. Cheng Zihua and Mo Wenhua went up to greet them, shook hands, and then walked into the garden gate together and walked straight to Jingfu Pavilion. In Jingfu Pavilion, Ye Jianying had already set up refreshments and was waiting. Tao Zhu, Xu Bing, Rong Zihe had also arrived.They heard footsteps and conversation outside, and went out the door. After everyone was seated, the preparatory meeting for the Peking Joint Office began. At the meeting, Ye Jianying delivered a passionate speech. He said that we are very glad that Mr. Fu sent three representatives to work with us.On behalf of our four comrades, I would like to explain a few points to our friends so that we can work together in the future: (1) We stand by our principles.This is the principle that serves the interests of the people.When we discuss issues or deal with affairs, we should take the interests of the people into consideration.For this point, sometimes we will insist on our opinions, and this is the reason, I hope friends will understand; (2) We must fulfill our promises - we will fulfill all the matters that are jointly passed at the meeting or signed by us, and we will never ambiguously promise what we promise, and avoid talking and quitting; (3) We are willing to cooperate with our friends for a long time - Mr. Fu is our friend today, but he has been against us for a long time in the past. We have been regarded as anti-people in propaganda or writing. Today, Mr. Fu is 2.3 million The people unanimously support that if what Mr. Fu has done can be extended to Taiyuan, Datong, Shanba, Nanjing, Shanghai, and Wuhan, it will be more in line with the wishes of the people.Now we unanimously call him General Fu. Then, Ye Jianying raised the institutional issue of the joint office.He said that based on the principle of better troops and simpler administration, a secretariat will be set up in the joint office, and a reorganization committee and a takeover committee will be set up under it.The joint office is temporary and transitional, not a political institution, but a specific office. After Ye Jianying's speech, Guo Zongfen also delivered a speech.He said that the truce and peace in Peking have achieved considerable results today.We would like this harvest to be extended.We fully agree with the principle mentioned by Mr. Ye.In Mr. Fu's idea, he is very willing to promote this partial peace to a comprehensive peace, at least as a bridge, and to complete it in the shortest period of time with the greatest efforts.For the joint office, we would like to ask Mr. Ye to lead our efforts with the greatest sincerity. The meeting also reached agreement on some related matters. On February 1, the joint office held a second meeting in the Jingfu Hall of the Summer Palace.The meeting determined the name of the organization as "Peking Joint Office"; set up three groups of military affairs, finance and economics, and cultural and educational administration, as well as chief and deputy secretaries and directors, and several secretaries under it; the director of the Peking Office was Ye Jianying, and the deputy director was Guo Zongfen.The military group is in charge of Tao Zhu and Guo Zongfen; the financial and economic group is in charge of Rong Zihe and Zhou Beifeng; the cultural and educational administrative group is in charge of Xu Bing and Jiao Shizhai. Just the morning before, inside and outside the city of Beiping, there were rumors everywhere that "the People's Liberation Army entered the city at 1 pm".All of a sudden, the crowd on the street was packed, and people squeezed forward, standing on tiptoe and looking forward.A radio truck drove over, and the announcer said loudly: "Dear compatriots, Peiping has been truly peacefully liberated, and the People's Liberation Army that everyone is looking forward to sooner or later is about to enter the city!" , The slogan sounded like thunder! At 12:30 noon, the exciting moment finally came.The vanguard of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the 10th Division of the Fourth Column of the Northeast Field Army, walked neatly from Baishiqiao to Xizhimen under the guidance of an open car.The crowd standing on both sides of the road cheered immediately. They jumped, ran, and moved forward with the PLA team... Cheer, jump, history will always remember this day—January 31, 1949, when Peking was liberated. On this day, Xinhua News Agency published a commentary titled "Implementing Chairman Mao's Eight Peace Conditions, Peiping Announces Liberation", pointing out: "Peking, the world-renowned ancient cultural capital with a population of more than two million, is announcing liberation today. The liberation of Peiping It is one of the most important military developments and political developments in the great Chinese people's revolutionary movement. The original Kuomintang reactionary army and its military institutions, which were guarded by about 200,000 people, are the implementation of the eight items announced by Chairman Mao Zedong of the Communist Party of China. The first example of ending a war peacefully under peaceful conditions." "The people of Peiping have longed for the People's Liberation Army like their relatives. After knowing that the 1TAR Liberation Army was about to enter Peiping, the workers, students, and citizens of Peiping hurriedly prepared The grand welcoming ceremony was held, and I was impatient with the postponement of all the Kuomintang troops leaving the city. The news that the People’s Liberation Army was about to march peacefully into Peiping made this ancient city suddenly regain its youthful vitality.” When Beiping was jubilant, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi and other leaders far away in Xibaipo were still busy working. On February 1, 56 patriots including Li Jishen, Shen Junru, Ma Xulun, and Guo Moruo jointly called Mao Zedong and Zhu De to congratulate the liberation of Peking. In the early morning of February 2, Mao Zedong wrote a reply to these patriots overnight in the name of him and Zhu De.The call back read: I called to read it on the 21st, and I am very grateful.The liberation struggle of the Chinese nation and the Chinese people has been going on for more than a hundred years.The blood of countless martyrs has been sprinkled all over the beautiful mountains and rivers, and the billions of rising people have shown their heroism.The reason for the victory of the People's Liberation War this time is that the people of the whole country are not afraid of the strong and united in their struggle. isolated.The number of winners and losers is determined by judgment.Now the remnants of the enemy still exist, and they are ready to plot.Seeking respite means seeking peace, waiting for foreign aid to be negotiated.Orally reciting the eight articles, protecting war criminals with hands, looking at the United States, and looking at Guangzhou.In order to win the final victory of the people's struggle for liberation, all the democratic forces in the country must work together with one heart and one mind, make persistent efforts, and strive for a truly democratic peace.Mr. Zhu has worked hard for the cause of democracy for a long time, and now that he has arrived in the liberated areas, he will surely achieve rapid success in the common cause of building a new China.Special telegram reply, respectfully welcome. After Mao Zedong wrote his reply, he was so excited that he didn't feel sleepy at all. He paced around the room a few times, wrote at his desk, and drafted a congratulatory message in the name of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The telegram is as follows: Comrades Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, Bo Yibo and all comrades of the Northeast People's Liberation Army and the North China People's Liberation Army: Congratulations on your great victory in liberating Beiping and Tianjin, which basically liberated the whole of North China.During your two-month campaign in North China, you wiped out one corps headquarters, one garrison headquarters, four army headquarters, and twenty-four entire divisions of the regular Kuomintang army. Together with other Kuomintang troops, there were more than 260,000 people in total. General Fu Zuoyi, the commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army's "bandit suppression" in North China, and his subordinates, a "bandit suppression" headquarters, two corps headquarters, eight military headquarters, and 25 divisions, together with other Kuomintang troops, a total of more than 200,000 people accepted the peace. Conditions, out of the city and reorganized into the People's Liberation Army.All these great victories are the result of the heroic fighting of our People's Liberation Army, the joint efforts of the front and rear soldiers and civilians, and the unanimous support of the people of the whole country, all democratic parties and people's organizations in the country.The great victory of the People's War of Liberation in North China, together with the great victories of the People's War of Liberation in the Northeast, East China, Central Plains, and Northwest China, and the victory of the People's Guerrilla War in the South have laid a solid foundation for the victory of the People's War of Liberation throughout the country.The reactionary Kuomintang government has fallen into the hopeless situation of being torn apart, shaken and collapsed militarily, politically, and economically. In addition to completely accepting the eight peace conditions proposed by the Chinese Communist Party and supported by the people of the whole country, according to the will of the people and the example of Peking, , it will be completely annihilated unless a genuine democratic peace is achieved. Now, on the historical festival when the great ancient capital of Beiping was liberated, I would like to pay tribute to all my heroic People's Liberation Army of more than three million people!All the martyrs who died in the Liberation War are immortal! Central Committee of the Communist Party of China February 2, 1949 Fu Zuoyi's thoughts these days are relatively happy. On the morning of February 1, after getting up at 6 o'clock, he started to take a walk outside, and resumed his old habit of many years. However, something that troubled him happened again.Just today, the "People's Daily" Beiping edition published the full text of an open letter written by Mao Zedong to Fu Zuoyi in the name of Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan on January 16. Deng Baoshan had asked Fu Dongju to give Fu Zuoyi the letter before that, but Fu Dongju was afraid that her father would Unable to accept it, Fu Zuoyi didn't dare to let Fu Zuoyi read it until the "People's Daily" published it publicly.Today, Fu Zuoyi finally saw it.He was angry as he read it, and when he patiently read all the open letter, he couldn't bear it anymore, patted the table and said: "It's outrageous, how can such a thing happen, the troops have already left the city, the city defense I have also handed over, and I am no longer useful..." Two days later, he wrote a letter to Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan, expressing his dissatisfaction with the publication of the open letter, saying that he was responsible for the crimes during the liberation war and should be punished, demanding Mao Zedong designated a prison for him, and he would go to prison and be punished. On February 3, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called Lin Biao, Luo Rongheng, Tan Zheng, Ye Jianying, and Peng Zhen regarding the attitude towards Fu Zuoyi, and instructed that Fu Zuoyi himself and his surroundings should publicly express the following views: "The attitude towards Fu is as publicly expressed by Xinhua News Agency. What he did in the past was wrong, but what he did this time is right. We have publicly pardoned him for his war crimes, and there will never be any actions against him. He should not engage in a middle line, and should move closer to us. , don’t issue nonsensical telegrams, but publish telegrams that speak from the side of the people, that is, from our side. If he doesn’t want to send such telegrams for the time being, it’s okay to think about it later.” The telegram also asked Lin Biao "Meet and talk once" with Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan. The next day, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Nie Rongzhen reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the content of their planned conversation with Fu Zuoyi, and said at the beginning of the telegram: "Fu Zuoyi wrote us a long letter, strongly arguing that he did not resist in Peking. It is not for the purpose of protecting personal life and property, but to avoid the loss of the people. It is quite arrogant to express dissatisfaction with the content of our ultimatum. I will forward this letter." Later, after many times of work, Fu Zuoyi The thought is clear again. February 3rd, it was a sunny day.The Chinese People's Liberation Army held a ceremony to enter Beiping.On this morning, groups of people flocked to Qianmen Square from all directions. At 9:30 in the morning, Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Jianying, and Peng Zhen and other party, government and military leaders took a car from the Beijing Hotel to the bottom of the Qianmen Tower and walked up the Qianmen Tower. At 10 o'clock, four flares flew into the sky, heading straight into the blue sky, and the solemn and grand entrance ceremony began.The People's Liberation Army's infantry, cavalry, artillery and other troops, mainly the 41st Army, entered the city from Yongdingmen. They were full of energy, majestic and solemn. They passed the front gate neatly and marched to the main streets. From 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., the front team passed through Ping'anli, while the rear team went to the front door.The streets of Beiping became a river of people, and the whole city of Peiping became a sea of ​​singing.Foreign journalists commented on the PLA city style: "The Chinese PLA entered the city with an unprecedented scale, high morale, and exceptionally well-equipped equipment. It is indeed a powerful and effective force." On February 8, Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, Ye Jianying and others met at the Beijing Hotel and hosted a banquet for Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan. The two sides had a candid conversation and discussed with Fu Zuoyi the issue of army reorganization.Lin Biao said that the peaceful settlement of Peking set up a new example of the Peking way throughout the country. General Fu has made important contributions to this and hopes to continue serving the people in the future.At the same time, it showed the attitude of solidarity with Fu Zuoyi.Fu Zuoyi said that it was wrong to implement Chiang Kai-shek's policy of "putting down chaos" in the past. In the future, he should serve the people and be willing to accept the leadership of the Communist Party of China.Regarding the reorganization of the Beiping defenders, the People's Liberation Army "don't worry too much, just do whatever you want."Since Fu Zuoyi adopted an active and cooperative attitude on the peaceful reorganization of the Peking Kuomintang Army, the Pingjin Front Command decided to implement a policy of thorough reorganization. On February 12, more than 200,000 people from Peking gathered in Tiananmen Square to celebrate the peaceful liberation of Peking.Ye Jianying, director of the Beiping Military Control Committee and mayor, solemnly declared at the meeting: The People's Government of Beiping City has been established, and the construction of the people's new Beiping has begun. In accordance with the principles and systems of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the reorganization of more than 200,000 Beiping Kuomintang troops into the People's Liberation Army has never been a new problem.Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen put forward a preliminary idea of ​​reorganizing Fu Zuoyi's Ministry: the first step is to use the army as a unit of Fu's Ministry and disperse it with the People's Liberation Army to garrison it, so as to disperse its entire force; The walkers are disbanded; the third step is to gather the officers of the platoon, company, and battalion, and their troops will be combined with the People's Liberation Army, preparing to dissolve one division with two divisions.During the execution process, if there are those who do not obey the order, they will be resolutely disarmed and dealt with.The Central Military Commission agreed with this idea, and emphasized in a telegram to Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Nie Rongzhen at 4:00 a.m. on January 22: "The 200,000 enemy troops in Peiping will go out of the city to reorganize. You must order the heads of all corps and columns to regard them as It is a major event, and the whole army is tense and careful to deal with this major event under your unified command, so as to achieve the goal of handling this event satisfactorily, and you must not have the view of underestimating the enemy." On the same day, Nie Rongzhen gave a speech to Bo Yibo, A telegram by Teng Daiyuan and others also pointed out: "We have adopted the policy of 'organizing and dispersing step by step, and not keeping old institutions' for the Ministry of Fu. It is voluntary; the second step is to dissolve one of our two divisions and disband it, and transfer all cadres above the platoon to be educated and dismissed. It is estimated that there are no less than 30,000 officers above the platoon in Peking, so training institutions should be organized in advance. " The joint office has convened relevant personnel to study the army's reorganization plan many times. On February 21, the Beijing Hotel was unusually busy with people coming and going. The Pingjin Front Command and the Political Department held a reorganization meeting attended by officers above the division of the reorganized Kuomintang troops.Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Liu Yalou, Tan Zheng, Tao Zhu and Guo Zongfen attended the meeting. The meeting started with a speech by Tao Zhu and announced the adaptation plan.He said: The Pingjin Front Headquarters and the Political Department followed the policy of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao to implement the policy of "serving the uprising, ignoring the past, lenient treatment, and proper arrangements" for the officers and soldiers of the uprising army, and the policy of unity, education and transformation, and the "Agreement on the Peaceful Resolution of the Peking Issue" reached by the two sides. Regarding the relevant clauses of the "Agreement", in line with the spirit that the adaptation should first be thorough and second, it should be reasonable. After repeated consultations with General Fu Zuoyi, an adaptation plan was finally formed that everyone agreed was reasonable.The program provides for: (1) The three-level command organizations of the 4th and 9th Corps Headquarters and the 8 Army Headquarters of the former Kuomintang North China "Suppression General" should all be terminated, and all their staff and directly subordinate teams should be incorporated into the Pingjin Front Command of the People's Liberation Army Together with the corps and military departments, the twenty-five divisions they belonged to were changed to independent divisions of the People's Liberation Army, and the special forces were jointly organized with the special forces of the People's Liberation Army. (2) Political workers in the Kuomintang army who wish to stay and work in the PLA must undergo training before being hired. (3) Those officers of the former Kuomintang army at all levels who accept the work assigned by the PLA, they and their families enjoy the same treatment as cadres at all levels of the PLA and their families. (4) Among the former officers of the Kuomintang army who are willing to study further, according to their job position and degree, they will organize their study in different classes. During the study period, their treatment will be the same as that of serving cadres. (5) Among the Kuomintang officers, those who are willing to go home shall be dealt with according to the following regulations: A. When returning home, they will be paid three months' salary according to the original salary. B. Tickets will be issued by the Pingjin Front Command, and food and lodging will be provided along the way in the liberated areas (including their families). C. Except for weapons and public property, all personal property can be brought back. D. The Kuomintang officers returning home may bring one or two guards with them according to their job duties and needs. E. All Kuomintang officers living in the Liberated Areas can be assigned a share of land after returning home; if they are landlords, their land and property, regardless of whether they have been assigned or not, shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the Land Law Outline deal with.As for myself, as long as I abide by all the laws and regulations of the democratic government in the future, I will not be held accountable for the behavior of the peasants in the past. All Kuomintang troops returning home will be issued a "Certificate of Participation in the Peaceful Liberation of Peiping", and they are still welcome if they wish to work in the PLA in the future. After the reorganization plan was announced, Tao Zhu specifically pointed out that the above measures were taken because the Kuomintang officers who participated in the peaceful liberation of Peiping contributed to the country and the people, and set an example for the whole country to solve the problem peacefully, so the PLA and the people are willing to reward and give preferential treatment. Luo Ronghuan also emphasized at the meeting: This reorganization is not a simple military reorganization, not just a change of banner and name, but a political reorganization.This is the reorganization of the army of the big landlords and the big bourgeoisie under the command of Chiang Kai-shek into the army of the people. This is a fundamental change of position.Therefore, we must first learn a set of political systems of the People's Liberation Army.This political system is fundamentally different from that in the Kuomintang army.The People's Liberation Army is the people's army, and has mastered the truth of the revolution. Therefore, the political system of the Liberation Army relies on inspiring soldiers to be conscious, reasonable, and democratic, while the political system in the Kuomintang army is controlled by a small number of people, relying on spies to monitor and ways of deceitful deception. Finally, Liu Yalou promulgated the "Order on the Reorganization of the Kuomintang Army Around Beiping": Zhan Zi No. 3 According to the order of the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army: the former Kuomintang army waiting to be formed around Beiping, the command organizations above the army level will be terminated immediately, and the divisions under it will be reorganized into independent divisions of the People's Liberation Army in units of divisions. The former 22nd Division of the 16th Army was reorganized into the 25th Independent Division of the People's Liberation Army. The original 94th Division of the 16th Army was reorganized into the 31st Independent Division of the People's Liberation Army. The original 109th Division of the 16th Army was reorganized into the 34th Independent Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former Fifth Division of the Ninety-Fourth Army was reorganized into the Independent Twenty-first Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 121st Division of the Ninety-Fourth Army was reorganized into the Independent 29th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 157th Division of the Ninety-Fourth Army was reorganized into the Independent 24th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 271st Division of the 101st Army was reorganized into the 35th Independent Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 272nd Division of the 101st Army was reorganized into the Independent 41st Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 273rd Division of the 101st Army was reorganized into the Independent 42nd Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former Fourth Division of the Thirteenth Army was reorganized into the Independent Forty-seventh Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 89th Division of the Thirteenth Army was reorganized into the Independent 46th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 297th Division of the Thirteenth Army was reorganized into the Independent 50th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 299th Division of the Thirteenth Army was reorganized into the Independent 48th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 21st Division of the 92nd Army was reorganized into the 53rd Independent Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former fifty-sixth division of the ninety-two army was reorganized into the independent fifty-fifth division of the people's liberation army. The former 142nd Division of the Ninety-two Army was reorganized into the Independent 57th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 205th Division of the 31st Army was reorganized into the 62nd Independent Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 250th Division of the 104th Army was reorganized into the Independent 71st Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 269th Division of the 104th Army was reorganized into the Independent 72nd Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 309th Division of the 104th Army was reorganized into the Independent 74th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 101st Division of the 35th Army was reorganized into the Independent 87th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 262nd Division of the 35th Army was reorganized into the Independent 90th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The former 267th Division of the 35th Army was reorganized into the Independent 99th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The original 311th Division was reorganized into the Independent 88th Division of the People's Liberation Army. The original Fourth Cavalry Division was reorganized into the Fifth Independent Cavalry Division of the People's Liberation Army. The responsible cadres of each independent division will be announced separately. this order Commander Lin Biao Political Commissar Luo Ronghuan Soon, the "Order on the Appointment of Officers Above the Division of Fu Fang's Reorganized Troops" was announced. On February 27, the organized units began to be mobilized and returned to the new system. On the 28th, after Sun Yingnian's former 331st Division received an order from the troops to go to Yangliuqing, Tianjin to receive the command of the 45th Army of the People's Liberation Army, they went to see Fu Zuoyi together with the deputy division commander Wang Buyun. When Sun Yingnian finished talking about the reorganization of the army and said that he would leave for Yangliuqing tomorrow, Fu Zuoyi remained silent.A few minutes later, Sun Yingnian said again: We are going to Yangliuqing tomorrow, what instructions does Mr. Fu have?Fu Zuoyi remained silent.Sun Yingnian paused and said: Mr. Fu didn't give instructions, so we can leave, right?At this time, Fu Zuoyi said to them: "Just like listening to me in the past, listen to the command of the People's Liberation Army, control the troops to maintain discipline, and learn from the People's Liberation Army." However, the reorganization of the troops was not all smooth sailing.Some troubles were encountered in the process of reorganizing the original 5th Division of the Kuomintang Army.This is the effective "ace" unit of the Kuomintang in the anti-communist civil war on the North China battlefield, and was reorganized into the designation of the 21st Independent Division of the People's Liberation Army.At that time, the Pingjin Front Command appointed Li Xin as the political commissar of the division, and Yang Dayi as the deputy division commander.In the process of going to the garrison of our 38th Army according to the designated route for reorganization, their reactionary arrogance was not restrained by the defeat of the Kuomintang army in North China, and they fired guns and cannons all the way.After arriving at the station, when our military, political and industrial cadres went to their respective posts, they were obstructed.They wrote a large line of lime water on the wall: "Never listen to the deceitful propaganda of the Communist Party's political workers!" One day at a meeting, a major officer in the crowd with a Sichuan accent suddenly stood up and said loudly: "I speak, I refuse to accept this peaceful adaptation!" As soon as he finished speaking, people rushed to speak one after another. "According to me, your methods can be summed up in three words: one is cheating, the other is cheating, and the third is bullshit. We will never mess with you!" "Don't talk about making up your People's Liberation Army, playing a vanguard for you, even serving as a rear guard for you, it also strengthens your prestige, and we won't do it either!" "According to me, it's nothing more than another war. I would rather be a second prisoner than accept your peaceful adaptation!" What's more serious is that they also put all our military and political workers under house arrest. After hard and meticulous work, the reorganization of this division was carried out smoothly. The reorganization of the Kuomintang army around Beiping was completed in this way, and nearly 200,000 people in Fu Zuoyi's army have embarked on a new path since then. On February 22, a civilian plane took off from Beiping Xijiao Airport and headed straight for Shijiazhuang.In the cabin, members of the Shanghai People's Delegation, Yan Huiqing, Shao Lizi, Zhang Shizhao, Jiang Yong, and Fu Zuoyi, Deng Baoshan, who made a special trip to meet Mao Zedong, and their entourage Yan Youwen were sitting. Ten days ago, Fu Zuoyi said to Zhou Beifeng: "I plan to go to Shijiazhuang to meet Chairman Mao in person. Can you tell Chairman Ye Jianying about it?" After hearing this, Zhou Beifeng agreed and said, "I'll report to Director Ye Jianying immediately and convey your wish." After Zhou Beifeng reported to Ye Jianying, Ye Jianying agreed to ask the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for instructions immediately. The next day, Ye Jianying told Zhou Beifeng: "The Party Central Committee welcomes Mr. Fu to meet." He also said: "The people's peace delegation from Shanghai will come to Peiping in this day or two, and they will also go to Shijiazhuang to meet Mao Zedong. Mr. Fu can meet with you." They go together." On February 21, Ye Jianying asked Tao Zhu to tell Zhou Beifeng: "Please tell Mr. Fu that the Shanghai People's Peace Delegation will take a plane to Shijiazhuang tomorrow. Please ask Mr. Fu and Mr. Deng Baoshan to take this plane with an attendant. Get there before 9 o'clock. To Xijiao Airport. After the plane landed at Daguocun Airport in the western suburbs of Shijiazhuang, it was welcomed by Li Weihan, who was specially sent by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After that, it changed to a jeep and drove to Xibaipo. After Fu Zuoyi and others arrived in Xibaipo, they were first welcomed by Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, and talked freely about the victory of the peaceful liberation of Peiping. In the afternoon of the same day, Mao Zedong and Zhu De came to Hougou Executive Office, where Fu Zuoyi lived, to visit Fu Zuoyi.Fu Zuoyi rushed forward, holding Mao Zedong's hand tightly with both hands, and the first sentence he said was: "I am guilty!" Mao Zedong replied: "You have meritorious service, thank you." Afterwards, Mao Zedong shook hands with Deng Baoshan and Yan Youwen one by one. 晚上，毛泽东和周恩来又来到了傅作义的住处。车刚停，就见傅作义已在门口等候了。 进屋坐下后，毛泽东愉快而风趣地对傅作义说：“宜生，过去我们在战场见面，清清楚楚，今天，我们是姑舅亲戚，难舍难分。蒋介石一辈子耍码头，最后还是你把他甩掉了。” 这几句话，一下子道破了傅作义的心思，使他一个月来积聚在心头的疑虑顿时冰消雪化。这就是说，毛泽东是把他当成亲戚和朋友看待的。 这时，傅作义内疚地说：“主席，我半生戎马，除抗日外，罪恶不小。”毛泽东说：“和平解放北平，你功劳很大，人民是不会忘记你的！” 当谈到对傅作义原部属人员的政策时，毛泽东说：“我们俘虏你的人员，都给你放回去。你可以接见他们。我们准备把他们都送到绥远去。” 傅作义听后有些惊讶，说：“给我？我怎么处理呢？还要送到绥远去，这是为什么呢？” 毛泽东说：“国民党不是一贯宣传共产党杀人放火，共产共妻吗？他们回到了绥远，可以现身说法，共产党对他们一不搜腰包，二不侮辱其人格；可以帮助在绥远的人学习学习，提高认识嘛。这些人我们以后还要用哩！” 说到绥远问题，毛主席说：“有了北平的和平解放，绥远的问题就好解决了。可以先放一下嘛，等待他们的起义。还是以前说的，给你们编两个军。对于你们来说，走革命的道路，要过好几个关，但主要的是要过好军事关。这一关过好了，以后土改关、民主改革关，将来还有社会主义关等就好过了。” 周恩来对邓宝珊说：“邓先生，我们是长期合作的老朋友，现在你回到'娘家'了。”邓宝珊昕后深受感动，他说：“我这次为北平和平解放做了一点事，也算尽了我一点绵薄之力，就算我回'娘家'的见面礼吧！” 不知不觉已经到深夜了。 第三天下午，傅作义、邓宝珊等人飞回北平。就在傅作义飞回北平的当天，新华社发布了一则消息： 新华社石家庄二十四日电：傅作义、邓宝珊两将军，二十二日与颜惠庆、邵力子诸氏同机到石家庄，向中共中央诸领导接洽公务，二十四日与颜、邵同机返北平。 傅作义返回北平后不久，3月5日，中共中央在西柏坡召开七届二中全会。 出席这次会议的有中央委员34人，候补中央委员19人，列席的重要工作人员有11人，因为交通条件等原因缺席的中央委员和候补中央委员共20人。 This is an extremely important decision-making meeting to formulate various policies for winning the national victory and after the victory.毛泽东在会上作了报告和总结，提出了党的工作重心由乡村转移到城市的问题。 会议于3月13日结束。 毛泽东和中共中央其他领导人一开完七届二中全会，于3月23日离开西柏坡，进驻北平。 为给中共中央迁移北平选择驻址，1月19日，中央直属机关供给部副部长范离等一行先前往北平，经过细致的调查，提出确定中央驻地的初步意见，并向北平市市长叶剑英汇报。1月底，范离带着叶剑英给中央军委秘书长杨尚昆的亲笔信，回西柏坡向党中央汇报。信中说：“范、刘（达）二同志侦察和研究的结果，我们认为地区的选择，以香山为适当，只需牵动一家（慈幼院）就可基本解决。”后来，中共中央又派社会部副部长李克农一行13人前往北平作全面调查，2月7日，他们和北平市警备司令员程子华一起去香山勘察，即确定香山为中共中央、解放军总部的驻地，对外称“劳动大学”。2月8日，李克农在给杨尚昆的信中说：“昨（7）日与平警备司令程子华去香山一带看住址，已决定住该地。”“林总已允调给吴烈师为警卫部队，最近即可调至香山一带驻守，另调工兵二连帮助修理工作。” 在西柏坡，在进行出发的准备工作时，毛泽东对周围的人说：同志们，我们就要进北平了。我们进北平，可不是李自成进北平，他们进了北平就变了。我们共产党人进北平，是要继续革命，建设社会主义，直到实现共产主义。 出发前，毛泽东很兴奋，只睡了四五个小时觉，他对周恩来说：“今天是进京的日子，不睡觉也高兴啊。今天是进京'赶考'嘛。进京'赶考'去，精神不好怎么行呀？”周恩来笑着说：“我们应当都能考试及格，不要退回来。”毛泽东说：“退回来就失败了。我们决不当李白成，我们都希望考个好成绩。” 他们共坐了11辆小汽车和10辆大卡车，毛泽东坐的是第二辆中吉普。车队下了山区，就进入华北大平原。行车途中，毛泽东很高兴，在车上不断同警卫人员说笑。他说：“今天又是3月份，为什么老在3月份咱们有行动呢。你们记得这几次行动的时间吗？你们说说。” 警卫排长阎长林说：“1947年3月18号撤离延安啊。” “去年3月份呢？” “去年3月22日，由陕北米脂县的杨家沟出发，向华北前进啊！” 毛泽东接着说：“今天是3月23号，与去年3月22号只差一天，我们又向北平前进了。三年三次大行动都在3月份。明年3月份应该解放全国了。等全中国解放了，我们再也不搬家了。” 他又问：“进北平是要进的，但是没想到有这么快。你们想到了吗？” 阎长林说：“我们也没有想到撤离延安两年就进北平了。” 毛泽东沉默了一会，说道：“咱们没有想到，蒋介石更没有想到。他天天想消灭我们，反而被我们消灭了。”“人心向背，这就决定了我们必定胜利，蒋介石必定失败。” 那天本来是准备赶到保定的，因为路不好走，天黑以前就在唐县附近的淑闾村住下了。毛泽东住在村民李大明家里。他的卫士回忆说：“这一夜毛主席没有休息，前半夜同村干部座谈，后半夜坐在小凳子上，趴在用木板支的床上写材料。”第二天上午车队继续出发，中午到保定休息吃饭，傍晚抵达涿县，住在第四野战军第42军军部大院里。 3月25日清晨，他们从涿县改乘火车到达清华园火车站，随后坐车到颐和园休息。下午，毛泽东和中共中央其他领导人到达西苑机场，同各界代表一千多人，还有沈钧儒、郭沫若、李济深、黄炎培、马叙伦、傅作义等见面，并且举行了盛大的阅兵式。 西苑机场阅兵是毛泽东从西柏坡进入北平后第一次阅兵，也是他到达北平后办的第一件事。还在西柏坡时，举行盛大欢迎仪式的建议报告送到毛泽东那里，被他一口否决了。毛泽东说：“还是简单点好，不要动员那么多人，等到全国解放了，再好好地庆祝。”这时有人提议搞个阅兵式，毛泽东欣然应允。因此，中共中央指定由周恩来、任弼时、杨尚昆主管这项工作。 为了组织好这次阅兵，林彪、罗荣桓、聂荣臻、彭真、叶剑英、刘亚楼、程子华等党政军领导人齐聚六国饭店，就阅兵事项进行专门研究，决定由刘亚楼担任总指挥。参加的部队主要有警备北平的第41军三个英雄团（塔山英雄团、塔山守备英雄团、白台山英雄团）和连以上干部，还有一个摩托团、两个炮兵团和一个坦克营及一些英雄功臣模范代表。 3月20日，受阅部队接到刘亚楼下达的命令后，立即在所属部队进行动员，连日来进行紧张的准备工作。 正式阅兵前，刘亚楼想预演一下。他对第41军军长吴克华说：“吴军长，你来当主席和朱总，我来演习一次向你报告。” 吴克华连连摆手：“哎，不行不行，我哪能代替主席和朱总呢！” 刘亚楼非常认真地说：“你不配合，待会要是我报告不好，你负责？” “行，行行行。”吴克华只好很不情愿地当了一回主席和朱总。 3月25日下午3时，机场上空升起四颗信号弹。盛大的阅兵式开始了。当毛泽东出现时，早已等候在机场的工人、农民、学生、妇女等各界代表，立即爆发出惊天动地的欢呼声。军乐队高奏着欢乐的乐曲。随着50门六○炮发射出500发照明弹，天空顿时一片灿烂辉煌。紧接着，从南到北，一溜敞篷汽车缓缓驶入机场，毛泽东登上第一辆浅绿色吉普车，朱德、刘少奇、周恩来、任弼时、林伯渠、林彪、罗荣桓、聂荣臻、叶剑英等领导人也依次登车，阅兵车队有一二十辆。 乐队奏起了雄壮的《解放军进行曲》。刘亚楼响亮地向毛泽东报告：“受检阅的部队全部到齐！” 阅兵首先从步兵开始，后按高射炮兵、坦克兵和骑兵部队的序列进行。一声“敬礼”的口令，站在队前的干部，举手向领袖们行礼。毛泽东、朱德等中央领导人，身穿朴素的灰布军大衣，在刘亚楼的陪同下，缓缓行进，不断举起右手给部队还礼。50门六○炮陆续发出500发照明弹，有如千万颗亮晶晶的星星高挂空中。当毛泽东乘的吉普车行进到“塔山英雄团”前面时，刘亚楼向毛泽东报告了英雄团的事迹。毛泽东看到了胸前佩戴着奖章的战斗英雄，举手向他们敬礼。 检阅完部队，毛泽东来到欢迎的人群中，人们争相与他握手问好。在欢迎的人群中，一个穿长衫戴礼帽的人格外引人注目，他就是傅作义。 当天夜晚，中共中央和解放军总部机关在香山住下，毛泽东住在香山的双清别墅。他在这里住了半年，到9月21日才移居北平城内中南海的菊香书屋。 毛泽东在香山又一次接见了傅作义，并宴请傅作义和邓宝珊。这一切使傅作义心情舒畅，精神焕发，很快就将通电定了稿。这个通电经陶铸和周北峰一起请示了周恩来后，于4月1日，经中共中央批准全文公开发表。《傅作义将军通电》全文如下： 中共中央毛主席、全国各民主党派、各人民团体、各民主人士及国民党中的爱国的朋友们： 北平的和平工作，自一月二十二日开始，现已圆满完成。地方未曾遭受破坏，人民的生命财产，没有遭受损失，文物、古迹、工商、建筑，也都得到保全。北平的和平解决，蒙全国各方的称许，认为是实现全国和平的开端。现在当全国和平商谈之际，在这个时候，我愿把我的认识和意见，向全国各方说明。 两年半的内战，我个人内心和行动，主观和客观，是在极端矛盾中，痛苦地斗争着，北平和平的实现，就是由认识到行动，自我痛苦斗争的结果。Looking back on the past now, I feel that my biggest mistake was implementing the reactionary anti-insurgency policy.When we carry out the so-called suppression of chaos, we talk about the people every day, but in fact all problems are to destroy and oppress the people everywhere.我们的部队，在乡村里给大地主看家，在城市是替特权、豪门、贪官、污吏保镳。我们不仅保护了这些乡村和城市的恶势力，而且还在不断地制造和助长这些恶势力。这种错误的原因，反映在政治上，就是腐烂；反映在经济上，就是崩溃；反映在文化教育上，就是控制和镇压青年学生的反抗；反映在社会上，就是劳苦大众的生活，一天一天的贫困，上层剥削阶级奢侈淫糜的享受，一天一天的增高；反映在外交上，就是依附美国；反映在军事上，就是由优势变成劣势。All of these are because they violate the interests of the people, so they do not get the support of the people and are finally abandoned by the people.Why did the Chinese Communist Party succeed?这是因为共产党以工农大众和全国人民的利益为基础，在乡村彻底解决了土地问题，得到了广大农民的拥护；对城市工商业，实行公私兼顾，劳资两利，铲除官僚资本，保护民族工商业的发展。The Communist Party's proposition of a democratic coalition government has won the support of all democratic parties and people across the country.新民主主义不但科学地解释了革命的三民主义之内容，而且正确地说明中国革命的过去、现在和将来。新时代的民族民主革命，已经不是属于旧的范畴，必须有工农阶级和代表工农阶级的共产党的领导，才能保证革命政策的彻底执行和革命任务的彻底完成。Since the Communists have a correct understanding of history and have the spirit of hard work to serve the people, they are succeeding day by day.A correct policy is the premise and guarantee of real peace.所谓戡乱政策，既然完全错误，共产党的新民主主义既然完全正确，我们就必须公开反对所谓戡乱政策，真诚的实现和平，不应该再犹疑、徘徊，违背人民的愿望。北平的和平，就是遵从人民的利益与愿望，勇于自觉，勇于负责的认识和行动，符合于正确的政策，符合予毛泽东先生所提出的八项和平条件，这种和平是真诚的和平。All patriotic military and political personnel of the Kuomintang should conduct a deep self-reflection, admit their mistakes, and start with the peace in Peking, and strive to promote the rapid realization of peace throughout the country.然后国家才开始建设。今天，中国人民民主事业，是以中国共产党的领导，工农联盟为基础，团结全国各民主党派，国民党的进步人士，和全国各民主阶层，共同奋斗。这已经是大势所趋，人心所向。作义本此认识，今后愿拥护中共毛主席的领导，实行新民主主义，和平建设新中国。 Fu Zuoyi 一九四九年四月一日 4月2日，毛泽东亲笔复电傅作义将军，高度评价了傅作义为和平解放北平所作出的贡献。复电全文如下： General Fu Zuoyi: 四月一日通电读悉。The policy of launching a counter-revolutionary civil war by the reactionary Nanking Kuomintang government is completely wrong.This government must be responsible for the catastrophe that the Chinese people have suffered over the years as a result of this counter-revolutionary civil war.但是执行这个政策的国民党反动政府的文武官员，只要他们认清是非，翻然悔悟，出于真心实意，确有事实表现，因而有利于人民解放事业之推进，有利于用和平方法解决国内问题者，不问何人，我们均表欢迎。The peaceful settlement of the Beiping issue has been rewarded by your general.贵将军复愿于今后站在人民方面，参加新民主主义的建设事业，我们认为这是很好的，这是应当欢迎的。 Mao Zedong 一九四九年四月二日 至此，北平的和平解放圆满完成。