Chapter 10 Chapter 10 Stationed in Shanghai, Establishing Military Control Commission and Municipal Government

The victory of the Shanghai Battle is also a victory for the Shanghai people to cooperate internally and externally. Across the Yangtze River to attack Songhu Invincible Division To endure hard work, to abide by the rules and regulations, to be a civil and military hero This couplet was presented to the Chinese People's Liberation Army by the people of Shanghai on the days of liberation.It expresses the warm praise of the people of Shanghai for the soldiers, and it is also a true portrayal of the words and deeds of the people's soldiers in the Songhu Battle.What is recorded here are a few short stories about our army obeying discipline and loving the people.

one In the middle of the night on the twenty-fifth, it rained non-stop.The command post of a certain army moved from the suburbs to the urban area, and moved into a building on Weihaiwei Road.This small building with no signs of military equipment immediately caught the attention of Commander Nie, who asked the guards to find the administrator. "Do you understand the situation of this building?" the commander asked while pulling out a cigarette.The administrator immediately understood what he meant, and reported as calmly as possible: "This building is a civilian house occupied by Kuomintang officers. I think that since the enemy has occupied it, the owner has not come and taken it back, and temporarily lived in it when the battle is not over." Stay, I'm afraid it doesn't matter..."

"It doesn't matter?" The army commander stopped smoking when he heard this, and said seriously: "My comrade administrator, you are wrong. You can violate the rule of 'not occupying civilian houses' before the battle is over? If so Why don't we drag the cannons in and have a blast? Comrade, it is our responsibility to protect the interests of the people. If our leadership is sloppy, what impact will it have on the troops? Ah?...Okay, let us know immediately : Move out." "Yes." The administrator was ashamed and convinced, and immediately notified all departments to relocate.At this time, the combat staff officer was still on the phone with the front line in a room. The army commander came over and asked the administrator if he had been notified.The staff officer replied:

"Notice. Chief, I don't think it's convenient to move to the street to work, so—" "So special? That's not good, comrade!" The combat staff officer has nothing to say, move immediately! It was late at night, and the road was wet everywhere.Staff officers Li and Deng had no time to find the telephone operator, so they set up the telephone on the sidewalk by themselves.The combat map had to be spread out on the road. Although the rain and wind were not strong, it still added a lot of trouble to matching the map.The little correspondent who helped put the map together muttered:

"Huh, there are quite a lot of houses in Shanghai, but there are no places for our PLA to live in..." I caught a glimpse of the army commander approaching, realized that I had "walked" "fire", stuck out my tongue, and smiled embarrassedly. The army commander squatted down in front of the map, contemplating for a while; pointing at the combat symbols filled with red and blue pencils; cigarettes, one after another.When he listened to the combat staff report and gave corresponding instructions, he was so tired that he couldn't open his eyelids.The smart guard knew that the army commander would never go into the house to rest, so he immediately set up the marching tent on the side of the road.

The rain is still pattering... two On the morning of the 25th, the two armies confronted each other by the Suzhou River.The first battalion of a certain unit of mine occupied a cotton warehouse, and was fighting back fiercely against the enemy based on the warehouse.Suddenly, a thick smoke rose from the warehouse, and the enemy's incendiary bomb hit a bag of cotton!In an instant, the flames burst out from the thick smoke, licking the mountains of cotton bales, spreading and roaring.Seeing that the entire warehouse will become a sea of ​​flames, and seriously threaten the safety of dozens of nearby houses and the lives of the people!

"Quick! Put it out!" The battalion commander shouted in a voice that covered the sound of gunshots. The soldiers quickly took off their clothes as if carrying out a battle order, rushed to the fire, and fought hard.But the fire was so strong that it was put out here and burst out there.The flames climbed up Mt. Mian and went straight to the roof; the scorching heat wave made people blinded.The soldiers' clothes were scorched, and blisters were formed on their hands and faces, but the fire continued to burn more and more fiercely.There are only two ways ahead: either immediately withdraw the troops from the rear; or quickly move the burning cotton bales out of the side door.Moving the bag can put out the fire, but the bullets outside the side door are raining down.

"Battalion Commander, where do we have to move!" The soldier Xiao Li stood in front of the battalion commander with his face covered in ashes and his chest heaving.The young man is tall and strong, and he is called "the axle man". He is brave in battle and willing to use his brain. The battalion commander didn't answer right away.On the street, the window glass shattered by enemy machine guns is falling down. "Battalion Commander!..." Xiao Li became anxious, pointing to the fire in the warehouse, and shouted again.The warehouse has been completely enveloped in thick smoke.Is it moving bags?Or transfer?A voice in the battalion commander shouted: We can't let the fire burn down the warehouse that we have just liberated!Don't let the people around you who have just been liberated suffer losses!He yelled: "Heavy machine gun, cover!"

With the roar of the heavy machine gun, Xiao Li picked up a big bag that was on fire, bent over and rushed out of the side door.The soldiers then followed, five packs, ten packs, twenty packs, thirty packs... The enemy quickly discovered this strange behavior of our army, so dozens of guns turned here to shoot wildly.In front of the warehouse door, the bullets were so dense that no one could get in.The battalion commander's heart hung in his throat, and water was squeezed out with his hands.I saw Xiao Li and the soldiers using cotton bales as a cover, stooping their waists, rushing in and out of the side door, the cotton bales were beaten by bullets, they didn't care, and quickly carried the burning cotton bales out.

Just as the soldiers carried the last few cotton bales to the street and returned to the warehouse, the soldier Xiao Li suddenly staggered and fell down!An enemy bullet pierced his left chest, and blood dripped on the burning cotton bales.The fire in the warehouse was extinguished, and the lives and properties of the people nearby were saved. This soldier who had just turned 18 died heroically on the banks of the Suzhou River in order to save the lives and properties of the people. Grief and anger hit the battalion commander's heart, he gritted his teeth fiercely, and gave the order to fight back.In an instant, all the muzzles of the guns spurted out anger, and the bullets of hatred flew towards the enemy on the other side with ten times the force!

On April 8, the Shanghai Municipal Bureau sent a telegram to the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee: "Seize the unprecedentedly high revolutionary sentiment of the people, quickly, bravely, and organized the mass movement that has developed, improve and concentrate on ideological, political, and organizational aspects and unify”; “With workers, students, and employees as the backbone, organize mass picket teams (factory protection teams, defense teams, regional self-defense teams, etc.), and keep a school to protect the industry. The picket team to maintain local law and order can better complete the task of cooperating with the People's Liberation Army to liberate and take over Shanghai." (May-June 1949) May 31 order command number one 1. Pan Hannian is hereby appointed as the Secretary General of the Association; Zhou Lin and Sha Qianli are the deputy secretary-generals of the association; Liu Dan is the director of the secretariat of the association and the director of the general office of the association, and Wu Shanmin is the deputy director of the general office of the association; Xiong Zhongjie is the Director of the General Affairs Department of the Association; Guan Yiwen is the director of the Communication Department of the Association, and Zhou Erfu and Mei Dawu are the deputy directors. 2. Appoint Zeng Shan, Xu Dixin, Liu Shaowen, Luo Gengmo, Gong Yinbing, Gu Zhun, Chen Mu, Xu Xuehan, Sun Yefang, Huang Yifeng, and Wu Xuezhi as members of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee of the Association, and Zeng Shan, Xu Dixin, Liu Shaowen, and Luo Gengmo as standing members member; Zeng Shan is the director of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Xu Dixin and Liu Shaowen are the deputy directors; Luo Gengmo is the secretary-general of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Fang Yuan is the director of the secretary; Gu Zhun is the director of the Finance Department of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee; Chen Mu is the director of the Financial Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Xiang Kefang and Xie Shoutian are the deputy directors; Xu Xuehan is the head of the trade division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Wu Xuezhi and Lu Xuzhang are the deputy directors; Quartz is the director of the Industrial and Commercial Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Wang Jihua and Yang Yanxiu are the deputy directors; Ma Chungu is the director of the Labor Department of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee; Liu Shaowen is the director of the Light Industry Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Chen Yi is the deputy director; Sun Yefang is the director of the Heavy Industry Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Cheng Wang and Li Wencai are the deputy directors; He Kang is the director of the Agriculture and Forestry Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Li Renfeng is the deputy director; Huang Yifeng is the Director of the Railway Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Zhao Xichun and Zizhou are the Deputy Directors; Cao Danhui is the director of the Telecommunications Department of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Huang Ping and Cao Weilian are the deputy directors; Zhao Zhigang is the Director of the Post Office of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Chen Yixian is the Deputy Director; Yu Mei is the director of the Shipping Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Deng Yindong is the deputy director; Hao Yijun is the director of the Works Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee; Ye Jinming is the director of the Public Utilities Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Cheng Wanli is the deputy director; Liu Pingruo is the director of the Real Estate Management Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee, and Chen Naichang and Lin Qiying are the deputy directors; Cui Yitian is the director of the Health Department of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee; Kuang Rennong is the Director of the Fuxing Island Takeover Division of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee; Huang Yaonan is the leader of the takeover task force of the Financial and Economic Takeover Committee. 3. Chen Yi, Xia Yan, Qian Junrui, Fan Changjiang, Dai Baitao, Yun Yiqun, Tang Shouyu, Li Chang, and Zheng Senyu are hereby appointed as members of the Culture and Education Management Committee of the Association, and Chen Yi is the director, Xia Yan, Qian Junrui, Fan Changjiang, Dai Baitao as the Deputy Director; Zhao Xingzhi is the Secretary Director of the Culture and Education Management Committee; Qian Junrui is the director of the Higher Education Division of the Culture and Education Management Committee, and Tang Shouyu, Li Yanong, and Li Zhengwen are the deputy directors; Dai Baitao is the Director of the Municipal Education Division of the Culture and Education Management Committee; Xia Yan is the director of the Art Division of the Culture and Education Management Committee, and Yu Ling, Huang Yuan, and Zhong Jingzhi are the deputy directors; Zhou Xinwu is the Director of the Press and Publication Division of the Culture and Education Management Committee, and Xu Bo, Zhu Zhicheng, and Li Xinfu are the Deputy Directors. 4. Su Yu is hereby appointed as the director of the Military Takeover Committee of the Association, and Tang Liang is the deputy director; Chen Ruiting is the Minister of the Military Department of the Military Takeover Committee, and Li Jingrui is the Deputy Minister; Zhong Qiguang is the Minister of Political Affairs of the Military Takeover Committee, and Chen Qiwu is the Deputy Minister; Liu Ruilong is the head of the Logistics Department of the Military Takeover Committee, and Yu Manyun and Xie Shengkun are the vice-ministers; Zhang Aiping is the Minister of the Navy Department of the Military Takeover Committee, and Zhang Yuanpei is the Deputy Minister; Jiang Tianran is the head of the Air Force Department of the Military Takeover Committee, and Lin Zheng and Zhang Zhong are the vice-ministers; Yu Lijin is the head of the training department of the Military Takeover Committee, and Zhang Chongwen is the deputy head. 5. Zhou Lin is hereby appointed as the director of the government affairs takeover committee of the association, and Cao Manzhi as the deputy director; Cao Manzhi is the director of the Civil Affairs Acceptance Division of the Government Affairs Takeover Committee; Tang Yong was the director of the Court Acceptance Division of the Government Takeover Committee, and Ye Fangyan and Han Shuzhi were the deputy directors. 6. Zhao Yuhua is hereby appointed as the director of the suburban takeover committee of this association. 7. Fu Qiutao is hereby appointed as the commander of the Transportation Command of the Association, and Cao Diqiu is the deputy commander. Shanghai Military Control Commission Director Chen Yi Deputy Director Su Yu (not published externally, announced internally) Shanghai, May 31, 1949 June 3 order Shanghai Military Control Commission Order Ren Zi No. 2 Shi Yutian is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Zhabei District Takeover Committee. Xu Fengxiang is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai North Railway Station Area Takeover Committee. Yang Hongcai is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Songshan District Takeover Committee. Guo Tingwan is hereby appointed as the chairman of the North Sichuan District Takeover Committee of Shanghai. Huang Yuanqing is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Lujiawan District Takeover Committee. Zhang Wentong is hereby appointed as Wang Shi member of the Shanghai Changshu District Takeover Committee. Shi Tao is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Changning District Takeover Committee. Cao Mingliang is hereby appointed as the chairman of the takeover committee of Penglai District, Shanghai. Liu Cigong is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Tilanqiao District Takeover Committee. Jiang Jie is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Laozha District Takeover Committee. Sheng Zhiming is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Xincheng District Takeover Committee. Duo Puzhao is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Jiangning District Takeover Committee. Zhao Yu is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Putuo District Takeover Committee. Zhang Mian is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Jing'an Temple District Takeover Committee. Su Feng is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Yangshupu District Takeover Committee. Li Guo is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Hongkou District Takeover Committee. Bi Chenghua is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Xujiahui District Takeover Committee. Wei Zeming is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Yulin District Takeover Committee. Gu Liuqing is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Huangpu District Takeover Committee. Ma Jian is hereby appointed as the chairman of the Shanghai Yimiao District Takeover Committee. This order. Director Chen Yi Deputy Director Su Yu In this Council on June 3, 1949 In accordance with this instruction, the municipal party committee resumed the activities of the Shanghai Federation of People's Organizations, which was very influential among the people of the city after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and was suspended after the outbreak of the full-scale civil war. The General Headquarters of the Underground Armed Forces determined that the public name of this underground armed force was the "People's Security Brigade". Order; surveillance of war criminals; disintegration of enemy forces and collection of enemy weapons.The People's Security Team takes factories, enterprises, schools, and regions as units and forms teams according to the number of people. The whole city is divided by district committees, and six district teams have been established: Hudong, Hunan, Huxi, Hubei, Huzhong and Pudong. , Squadrons and small teams, each with 10 to 20 people, there are more than 60,000 people's security personnel in the city, of which workers account for more than half.In the school, in addition to the People's Security Team, the People's Propaganda Team and the People's Rescue Team were also organized. In order to strengthen the ideological and organizational discipline education of the People's Security Forces, the People's Security Forces Headquarters issued the "Instructions for Members of the People's Security Forces" on May 1, stipulating that each member must strictly abide by and implement the three major disciplines and eight points of attention of the PLA; When accepting the task of guarding the enemy's property, it is not allowed to use it without authorization; after seizing the enemy's weapon, it is not allowed to play with it casually.According to the decision of the Municipal Party Committee, the grassroots branches and the people's security team must communicate to each team member. To preserve secrecy, the formation of the People's Guard was carried out within the party.Among the masses, they still act in the name of the original factory protection organization.It was not until the eve of the People's Liberation Army's attack on downtown Shanghai that it officially began to carry out activities in the name of the People's Security Force.In early May, the headquarters of the People's Security Forces printed cloth armbands of the People's Security Forces with red letters on a white background, engraved uniform seals, and distributed them to various districts for storage.The municipal party committee ordered that once the battle to liberate the urban area begins, all so-called underground armed forces under other names will be disarmed and taken to the nearby People's Security Team headquarters to prevent enemy agents, stragglers, and hooligans from impersonating.The Party Central Committee also specially telegraphed the number and armband pattern of the Shanghai People's Security Force to all participating troops in the liberation of Shanghai for identification. After the battle of liberating Shanghai started, a large number of the effective forces of the Kuomintang army were wiped out in the suburbs, but a considerable part of the enemy troops in the urban area still resisted with factories and buildings.The Shanghai workers' struggle to protect the factory is facing a more severe situation at the critical moment of victory.The security guards in each factory did everything possible to prevent the Kuomintang troops from entering the factory.If it cannot be stopped, various tasks will be carried out to protect the factory and disintegrate the enemy.On the one hand, they sent propaganda materials to these enemy troops, warning them not to destroy the machines, and not to embark on the dead end of fighting the people to the end;In the Huxi area alone, more than 2,000 enemy troops were disintegrated. On May 24, the Kuomintang held a so-called parade on Nanjing Road to celebrate the "victory" of defending Greater Shanghai.The leaders of the underground party in Shanghai saw this scandal and realized that it was a "starter" of the Kuomintang army. They were about to flee, and immediately ordered the People's Security Forces to mobilize urgently. That night, people's security guards from Huxi, Huzhong and Hunan districts waited on the streets, braving the hail of bullets to lead the way for the People's Liberation Army.The units of the 20th Army crossing the Huangpu River westward were ferried by three ships from the People's Security Team of the Jiangnan Shipyard.The team members who stayed in the factory held iron rods, scrapers, prepared various repair tools, and guarded the factory vigilantly.The gas storage tank in Luqiaocheng, Tibet was hit by bullets and was in danger. The security team of the gas company climbed up to the 148-foot-high gas tank despite the ongoing battle, and repaired it for 3 hours, saving the equipment.In the area south of the liberated Suzhou Creek, the people's security team also took on tasks such as persuading surrender, searching for remnants of the enemy, escorting and guarding prisoners, collecting guns and ammunition discarded by the enemy, and maintaining social order. That night, the Municipal Party Committee decided to set up the headquarters of the People's Security Force on the third floor of the Customs Building for public work.The headquarters got in touch with the headquarters of each district through uninterrupted telephone calls, and ordered the Shanghai West, Shanghai South, and Shanghai Middle Districts to continue to cooperate with the People's Liberation Army in searching for remnants of the enemy and maintain law and order; ordered the Shanghai North District and Shanghai East District Headquarters to, before the arrival of the People's Liberation Army, The people's security team should not go to the streets, but mainly strengthen the protection of the factory. They must ensure the normal supply of water, electricity and gas, and the smooth flow of the telephone, and report the enemy's movements and the situation of the factory at any time. In the middle of the night on the 25th, the headquarters of the People's Security Brigade issued an order to the district headquarters: 1. In the name of the People's Liberation Army and the People's Security Brigade, call the leaders of the enemy army stationed in buildings, warehouses, and factories on the north bank of the Suzhou River to inform them of their interests. Order them to lay down their weapons quickly and surrender to the people; 2. Install loudspeakers around the enemy's strongholds, publicize the PLA's policy of preferential treatment of prisoners, and keep shouting to them to persuade them to surrender: 3. If the enemy refuses to surrender, cut off their water, electricity and telephone lines, make it impossible to defend. The people's security forces in the eastern Hudong area, relying on the favorable situation of the People's Liberation Army's overwhelming force, forced the remaining enemies entrenched in various factories to surrender after three days and nights of witty and brave fighting.The workers of the British Electronic Repair Factory organized the enemy army to listen to the PLA's "Eight Chapters of the Treaty" broadcast on the radio, launched a political offensive, and disarmed two battalions of the enemy army with their bare hands.The people's security team and some workers of Yinglian Shipyard were on duty day and night to guard the factory, approached the enemy soldiers stationed in the factory actively, publicized the situation and the Communist Party's policies to them, and disintegrated a regiment and a battalion of the enemy army.Workers at Zhabei Power Plant, China Textile No. 8 Factory, China Textile No. 12 Factory, China Textile No. 2 Machinery Factory, and Shenxin No. 5 Factory also disarmed a large number of enemies. On May 27, the entire territory of Shanghai was liberated, and the city was basically completely returned to the hands of the people.During the liberation of Shanghai, the supply of water, electricity and gas was never interrupted, the telephone was unblocked, and the traffic was basically normal. The People's Security Force cooperated with the PLA to complete the task of destroying the enemy and preserving the city, and fought a beautiful battle of overall military and political victory.The People's Security Corps continued to perform the task of defending the fruits of victory of the people's revolution.In the first few days of Shanghai's liberation, many bad guys under various banners suddenly appeared, such as "East China Underground Army", "Jiangnan CCP Underground Army", "CCP Underground Army Yaozi Troop", "Underground Army of the CCP" The "Shanghai Office of the Eighth Route Army" and the "Shanghai Office of the New Fourth Army".According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 40 kinds of counterfeit armbands and armbands seized by the People's Security Forces. In this internal and external struggle, people fighting on other fronts also made their own contributions to the liberation of Shanghai. On May 24, the location of Tilanqiao Prison had not yet been liberated, but Wang Muzeng, the warden of the Kuomintang Shanghai Prison, had already been instigated to rebel.The underground party branch of the prison bravely led the party members and activists, seized the keys and weapons of the cell, took control of the entire prison, persisted for three days and three nights, ushered in the People's Liberation Army, and made more than 50 revolutionary comrades detained safe. out of danger. In the afternoon of the same day, the intelligence personnel of the underground party successfully instigated an uprising of more than 300 armed police officers from the Motor Vehicle Brigade of the Shanghai Police Department in time.This team was originally an armored battalion of the Kuomintang army, equipped with more than 40 armored vehicles.Mao Sen once planned to transfer this team to Suzhou Hebei to prevent the People's Liberation Army from liberating this area.The success of the uprising contributed to the smooth liberation of Shanghai. In the early hours of the 25th, underground party members and activists of Nanjing Road Xinxin Company successfully controlled the Kaixuan Radio Station located in the company.A solemn voice resounded on many radios: "We, the people of Shanghai, have been liberated!" The loud and clear singing of the Chinese People's Liberation Army's announcements and revolutionary songs, which were played repeatedly, encouraged people to win the victory of liberating Shanghai. In Shanghai, a new era was born. In the early morning of May 25th, employees of Yongan Company braved the bullets of the Kuomintang army and raised the first red flag on Nanjing Road at Qiyun Pavilion on the roof of the company building.Then, red flags were hoisted on the roofs of Daxin, Xinxin, and Xianshi, as well as the roofs of Jianghai Customs.For a few hours, the red flags on the south bank of the Suzhou River were like a forest, waving in the wind. At noon on the 25th, teams of students from Jiaotong University, Tongji University, Fudan University, and Jinan University appeared on the street.The students of the Academy of Fine Arts drew a portrait of Mao Zedong the size of a house and set it up in front of the Great World.A yangko team appeared on the street, and the excited crowd cheered. The singing of "The sky in the liberated area is a bright sky" echoed in the beach of Shanghai. The leaflets of the Shanghai Federation of People's Organizations concentrated on the aspirations of the people of Shanghai: "Celebrate the liberation of Shanghai! Celebrate the days when the people of Shanghai came to the fore! Welcome to the People's Liberation Army! Welcome to the liberation of our people's army!" "Today, we want to celebrate the liberation of Shanghai with all our heart and soul, playing gongs, drums, hanging lanterns, lion dances, playing dragon lanterns, walking on stilts, dancing yangko, parades,... use all methods to celebrate the liberation of our people. Turn over, we want to demonstrate to all those who slander us, let them see how our common people cheer this great day." The old days of Shanghai are over. At 1 o'clock in the morning on the 24th, Chen Liang, the mayor of Kuomintang Shanghai, suddenly called Zhao Zukang and told him, we are leaving, and I want you to act as the mayor of Shanghai.He also said that he was mainly responsible for two things: "maintaining law and order" and "handling the transfer".The underground party has long expressed to Zhao Zukang that if given the opportunity, it should take over the power in Shanghai.So at this time, he slightly declined, agreed, and accepted the "warrant" for the appointment of the acting mayor written by Chen Liang on the spot and the city hall seal wrapped in red cloth.In the morning, Chen Liang hastily called a meeting of bureau chiefs and announced the decision.After the meeting, Mao Sen was brought in to give an explanation, and Lu Dagong was appointed as the deputy chief of the police station, responsible for maintaining order.That night, Zhao Zukang instructed Grand Duke Lu to maintain order and public security, and all sub-bureaus to avoid conflicts with the PLA, meaning to lay down their weapons and surrender.At the same time, all bureaus were notified to stick to their posts and ensure the safety of files and property, so as to ensure a complete and systematic handover. On the afternoon of the 25th, Zhao Zukang met with representatives of the CCP, and discussed eight tasks including maintaining law and order, preparing for handover procedures, working as usual for various units, and properly keeping the household register and cadastral information.The next morning, Zhao convened a meeting with the heads of the bureaus and made specific arrangements for the eight tasks.This is the last meeting of the old Shanghai Municipal Government. On the 26th, leaders of the East China Bureau Chen Yi and Rao Shushi met at St. John's University with Liu Changsheng of the Shanghai Bureau and Zhang Chengzong of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee who were persistently fighting underground in Shanghai.So far, the Shanghai underground organization of the Communist Party of China has completed its historical mission. Comrades from the last meeting of the former underground party and municipal government went to the region and reported to the system separately. On the 27th, the Shanghai Military Control Commission of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was formally established, with director Chen Yi and deputy director Su Yu.The Military Control Commission is the highest authority in Shanghai during the period of military control, responsible for military, political, economic, cultural and other control matters. On the morning of the 28th, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government was established. Mayor Chen Yi, Deputy Mayors Zeng Shan, Wei Wei, and Pan Hannian jointly issued a notice announcing the inauguration.Chen Yi's appointment as mayor was proposed by Deng Xiaoping at a central meeting.It is said that Mao Zedong also sought the opinions of democrats such as Huang Yanpei and Chen Shutong.They think that Chen Yin is capable of writing and martial arts, and it is very suitable to be the mayor of Shanghai. In the afternoon of the same day, a ceremony to formally take over the Shanghai Municipal Government of the Kuomintang was held in the mayor's office of the former Kuomintang Municipal Government. Zhao Zukang, the acting mayor of the Shanghai Municipal Government of the Kuomintang, handed over the seal of the old city hall and the old mayor to Chen Yi.Subsequently, a meeting was held in the conference room attended by former city government employees and leading comrades who took over the various bureaus of the city government. At the meeting, Chen Yi spoke and said: "My friends did not go to Taiwan, we welcome you." "The liberation of Shanghai is a great historical change. Shanghai, under the rule of the Kuomintang for decades, has become a city for the people today. Transform the old Shanghai, building a new Shanghai is the fundamental purpose of the people's government." Chen Yi encouraged everyone: "Everyone should keep their duties, study hard, transform the world outlook, and make more contributions to the revolution and the people. The Communist Party of China will not bury talents." His words moved the people present deeply, dispelled all kinds of doubts, and did their jobs well with peace of mind. On the same day that Shanghai’s new municipal government was born, 12 democrats including Zhang Lan, Luo Longji, Shi Liang, Guo Chuntao, Yang Hu, Chen Mingshu, and Hu Juewen jointly issued a statement: “Shanghai has begun a new page of history. Shanghai’s six hundred Tens of thousands of people have a new light and a new life. From the standpoint of the democratic parties, we would like to extend our warm welcome to the respectable and lovely People's Liberation Army. At the same time, we extend our warm welcome to the Communist Party of China and the leaders of the Communist Party of China who led this people's revolution Mr. Mao Zedong expressed his sincere congratulations." On the 29th, Xinhua News Agency published an editorial titled "Celebrating the Liberation of Shanghai," pointing out: "Shanghai is China's largest economic center, and its liberation means that the Chinese people have defeated their enemy, the Kuomintang, militarily, politically, and economically. reactionaries; Shanghai is the main base of imperialist aggression against China, and its liberation means that the Chinese people have established the foundation of national independence. These two circumstances make the liberation of Shanghai have special significance in the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people.” The editorial emphasized : "We will inevitably encounter all kinds of expected and unexpected difficulties on the way forward. We can never underestimate these difficulties. However, these difficulties are due to the joint efforts of all democratic classes in Shanghai and the efforts of all democratic classes in the country. Together, there is nothing we cannot overcome by ourselves." Explaining the Great Significance of the Liberation of Shanghai (May 30, 1949) After the heroic People's Liberation Army completely liberated Shanghai, Zhang Lan and others issued a statement. The original text is as follows: The greatest and most glorious people's revolution in Chinese history has won complete victory across the country.After crossing the Yangtze River, it soon progressed to Shanghai.The largest industrial and commercial city in the Far East has been liberated.Shanghai has started a new page of history.The six million people in Shanghai have a new light and a new life.From the standpoint of all democratic parties, we would like to extend a warm welcome to the respectable and lovely People's Liberation Army.At the same time, we extend our sincere congratulations to the Communist Party of China and the leader of the Communist Party of China, Mr. Mao Zedong, who led this people's revolution. Shanghai is one of the industrial and commercial centers of the world, so we believe that the liberation of Shanghai today must have attracted special attention from people all over the world.We would like to use this opportunity to arouse the governments and people of all countries in the world to truly understand the true meaning of this Chinese revolution.To put it bluntly, this is a great new-democratic revolution carried out by the Chinese people. The goal of this revolution is to overthrow the feudal dictatorship internally and oppose imperialist aggression externally.There is no doubt that this is a people's revolution led by the Communist Party of China and participated by all the democratic parties in China.This is a revolution in which all the Chinese people and the entire nation have completely overturned and completely liberated.We must earnestly follow the New Democracy advocated by Mr. Mao Zedong.This revolution will quickly establish a democratic regime for the Chinese people. It is necessary to realize a democratic coalition government based on workers and peasants, so as to strive for the true freedom and equality of the people, and to achieve the goal of true democracy and true peace in China.The nature of this revolution cannot be misunderstood.The significance of this revolution must not be misinterpreted. Shanghai is now liberated.Each of Shanghai's six million Chinese and foreign citizens has personally experienced this great revolution.From this experience, we would like to put forward the following two points of opinion: First, the remnant forces represented by Chiang Kai-shek and his reactionary clique have already lost to the end.The battle in Shanghai proved conclusively that this remnant force had completely disintegrated.Therefore, we would like to seriously warn the remnants of military agents and agents who were abandoned by Chiang Kai-shek in Shanghai and other areas, don't be obsessed with obsession, and continue to be your own slaves and enemies of the people.You should immediately wake up, turn to the light, and make atonement for your sins, so as to avoid your own meaningless destruction.Second, the People's Liberation Army successfully entered Shanghai, which shows that the Chinese People's Revolution has expanded from the countryside to China's largest industrial and commercial city as planned.The goal of the people's revolution is not only to avoid meaningless destruction, but also to build in a step-by-step and planned manner.The malicious propaganda spread by the reactionary puppet government in the past, slandering the People's Liberation Army for confiscating private property for no reason, destroying production everywhere, etc., has now been proved to be a big lie to deceive the people.Everyone has seen that the People's Liberation Army loves the people.The purpose of the people's revolution is to protect and increase the interests of the people.Now that the power of the people's revolution has arrived in Shanghai, the future efforts will be to build Shanghai out of stability.We want to transform Shanghai, which has developed abnormally under the domination of imperialism, into a democratic city with modern industry and commerce.We must cherish Shanghai's industrial and commercial foundation even more, so as to build a modern and industrialized new China.Therefore, the citizens of Shanghai should thoroughly understand that each of us has the responsibility to help the revolutionary forces to stabilize and protect Shanghai.In this revolutionary process, the industrial and commercial people of Shanghai, on the negative side, should keep their posts and keep their jobs in order to maintain order in the city.On the positive side, everyone should use their talents and sincerity to speed up the development of the industry and commerce in Shanghai and the whole country, so that the modernization of China's industry and commerce can be successfully modernized quickly. Shanghai is now liberated.We firmly believe that the glorious date of the liberation of Shanghai was the last burial of Chiang Kai-shek and the remnants of his reactionary clique.After Chiang Kai-shek's overall military failure and his resignation as a pseudo-president, he still dreamed of using Shanghai's manpower and material resources to fight against the beleaguered beasts in an attempt to revive Chinese fascism.He used all the cruelest, cruelest, most violent, and most despicable methods in the world to kill and slaughter people to support his remaining life.Unannounced inspections, collective arrests, continuous bail and even sitting, all kinds of inhumane and inhuman killing methods, all the methods of slaughtering people used by autocratic demon kings and inhuman tyrants in the dark ages of Chinese history, the last struggle period of the Jiang Gang in Shanghai. It was fully implemented.This kind of crazy and perverse behavior fully proves that the Chiang Gang is in extinction. This kind of behavior has aroused the anger of the people and hastened the demise of the reactionaries.Therefore, we frankly advise all the pseudo-political organizations and military forces in the provinces and cities in southern China that have not yet been liberated to fully realize that any resistance to the people's revolution in the future will be useless.Any stubborn resistance in the future is just a foolish action.All the atrocities of massacre and destruction of the people are meaningless and unnecessary damage to the people. As far as the only remaining forces of the Jiang bandits themselves are concerned, they are not only digging their own graves at present, but also unpardonable through the ages. sins.The current situation has evolved to today, and you have lost the hearts of the people and your military forces have been completely defeated. Any lingering conspiracy plans in the future, such as the so-called southeast self-defense, the so-called southwestern defense, and even the attempt to use the isolated island of Taiwan as a nest for the puppet government in exile, are nothing but a total plan fantasy.Wherever the iron cavalry of the People's Liberation Army arrives, your fantasies will quickly be shattered.You should know that the wishes of the people are inviolable, the will of the people is irresistible, and the success of the people's revolution cannot be delayed.You should have the courage to admit your failures.You should have the courage to surrender to the Chinese people.You should seize this last opportunity to atone for your crimes and jointly complete the most glorious and greatest people's revolution in Chinese history. Finally, we would like to make a solemn statement to people all over the world.The revolution of the Chinese people is the liberation and rejuvenation of the entire Chinese people and the entire nation.At the same time, this is also our effort for peace and democracy around the world.The Chinese people are willing to cooperate with people in any country in the world who believe in democracy and uphold peace.On the principle of equality and reciprocity, the Chinese people are willing to do business with foreign people who respect China's sovereignty and the interests of the people and abide by Chinese laws and regulations, and seek prosperity together.If the government or the people of any country still intends to support the remaining reactionary forces in China in order to carry out the imperialists' aggressive plots and harm the common interests of the Chinese people, the Chinese people will regard them as public enemies. Zhang Lan Luo Longji Shi Liang Guo Chuntao Yang Hu Chen Ming's Coffin Min Gang Hou Feng Yi Dai Lian Ruiqi Wang sent a Yang Weiyu Hu Juewen May 28 In order to celebrate the liberation of Shanghai together and to let more Shanghai people see the heroic appearance of the People's Army, on July 6, an unprecedented joint parade of millions of soldiers and civilians was held in Shanghai.The mighty People's Liberation Army troops entered the urban area from the northern suburbs, with neat steps and a mighty military appearance, with cannons pointing up to the sky and tank motors roaring.Chen Yi and other leaders of the new government and the People's Liberation Army stood on the reviewing platform, smiling and waving to the soldiers frequently.马路两旁的人民群众，向战士们鼓掌欢呼，纷纷把“向解放军致敬”等标语贴到大炮和坦克上。上海人民欢迎解放军，这时候达到了高潮。 早在5月25日拂晓，解放军向市区挺进时，人民群众就已经在欢迎自己的军队了。天刚刚放亮，蒙蒙细雨中，家家户户门窗大开，人们纷纷给解放军送水、递烟……这天上午，一支支游行队伍出现在街头，学生队伍经过在马路边休息的解放军面前时，献上了一朵朵胜利花，扭着秧歌，唱着《我们的队伍来了》，表达了上海人民的感激之情。解放军战士则报以《我们是人民的子弟兵》的歌声，回答上海人民的感谢。 人民热烈欢迎解放军，解放军严明的军纪，更是见多识广的上海人民从来没有见到过的。 进入市区以后，军、师、团、营各级首长以身作则不进入民房，指挥所都设在露天，搭起油布，在马路上铺开地图指挥作战。同样的，战土们也露宿街头。当时明文规定，进入市区的，只限指挥机关和战斗部队，后方辎重、骡马一律不得进入市区。这样炊事员要在郊外烧好了饭，甚至要走上二、三十里路，才能送到战士手里。路途远，加上天下雨，有时一天只能走一个来回，战士也就只能一天吃一餐。但是他们警卫的食品仓库里堆满的饼干和其它食品，都是原封不动。刚刚进城的解放军碗筷不够，只能用钢盔盛饭，用手抓来吃，大家把这叫做“战斗饭”。市民自动拿出碗筷借给战士，还有市民看到战士的衣服淋湿了，要想把湿衣服拿回家烤干，都被战士们婉言谢绝。解放前，上海市场流通的是金圆券，在它与人民币的比价没有确定以前，解放军一律不在市场上购买商品。为了保护群众利益，解放军有时一面战斗，一面还要冒着炮火带领群众离开危险区域，从起火的楼房里抢救物资，从敌人手里夺回被抢掠的金银财物交还原主。 解放军，岂只是“秋毫无犯”。 参加到这样的队伍中去，成为当时青年的无尚荣光。许多青年庄严地表示，为了保卫和建设新上海，为了解放全中国，党指向哪里，我们就到哪里。 6月17日，南下服务团成立，团长张鼎丞及第一期团员400余人出席了在大同大学附中召开的成立大会。南下服务团的主要任务是配合人民解放军解放中国南方，组织革命青年为人民服务。22日，挂起了“华南西南八千万人民需要你”大幅标语的天蟾舞台，300多所学校的8800余人集会。“肃清反动派，解放全中国”，“全心全意为人民服务，参加人民革命事业”的口号声不时在会场内响起。一个轰轰烈烈的热潮在上海兴起，复旦、暨南、大同、同济、交大、上海法学院、上海商学院，大批学生踊跃报名。29、30日在复旦、沪江报到的被录取南下服务团团员有4900余人。经过一段时间的培训，他们将分赴福建和四川，参加那里的人民解放斗争。 前浪未平，后浪又起。以陈毅为校长的华东军政大学，6月25、26日举行第一批入学考试。为了参加这所培养解放军军事、政治、经济、文化各种工作干部的学校，7000多名上海考生，不顾大雨滂沱参加了两天的笔试和口试。而7月2日还将举行第二批考试。 解放初期，数以万计的上海青年通过各种形式参军、参干。 新生的政权，首先要做的一件大事是接管旧政权遗留下来的各个单位和人员。军管会、市政府成立后，接管工作就开始了。 接管工作要求有条不紊，少破坏，以便迅速建立正常秩序，安定市民日常生活，恢复生产。这是一个相当艰巨的任务。为此，整个接管分为接收、管理、改造三大步骤。接收工作一般包括移交、清点、接收，主要求得不打乱、不影响军管时期工作和业务的继续。在此阶段，国民党反动制度的遗迹暂时存在很多，变化不大。在管理阶段，主要是进行研究和考察，开始局部的改造和整编，国民党反动制度的遗迹开始清除，人民民主制度开始建立。在改造阶段，则着重全盘地或大部地肃清国民党的反动制度，巩固地建立人民民主的新政权制度。 政务部门，由政务接管委员会负责，接管了旧市政府所属各局、市政府本部各处，以及法院和市区、郊区各区，共计旧人员职工4.9万余人。财经部门，由财政经济接管委员会负责，接管了银行、工厂和仓库等机构共411个单位，在这些机构供职的职工约15.3万余人。还接收了一批重要资财，计黄金2.46万两、白银36万元、金圆券21万亿、台币2亿4千万、台糖3.5万吨、粮食47万石、新旧汽车1.8万辆、汽油4887万加仑。文教部门，由文化教育管理委员会接管，高等教育方面，接管了大专院校19所，教职员工2836人，学生8109人；市政教育方面，接管了公立学校及教育机关521个单位，教职员工8884人，学生17.6万人；新闻出版方面接管了报馆及通讯社20个、书店印刷厂24个、广播电台及器材厂3个，人员共22429人；文艺方面共接管18个单位，计员工907人、技术人员165人。军事方面，由军事接管委员会接管，原来下设陆军、训练、政工、后勤、空军、海军六部，陆军以战场歼灭代替了接收，剩下的是打扫战场和处理俘虏；训练部接收的几个军事学校完全是破坏了的空房子；政工部接收了两个政工队、一所印刷厂、17个广播电台，以及电影、戏剧、乐队等30个小型单位；后勤部接管国民党军队联勤系统的补给、修械、被服、医务等116个单位，总计人员34697人；空军部接收12个单位，空军和民航人员2715人；海军部接收18个单位，14个仓库，各类人员375人。私立的大中小学、私营企业和文艺单位均不实行接管，也没有军管，对外商企业实行了军管。 上述单位接管以后，市政部门划归市人民政府领导管理。财经部门在上海市财经委员会成立后，由华东财委移交上海财委，不属于市政系统的原中央企业及各省的企业事业单位，由军管会代管，以后逐步划归中央和各省市领导管理。 The book is over!