Chapter 16 Memorabilia of Guangzhou Liberation War

1945 August On the 14th, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an urgent instruction on the current situation, pointing out that the basic task of the Guangdong Party is to create a strong and solid base area with evidence for advance and retreat, expand the liberated areas, expand the main force, develop local corps and militia, and rapidly expand its own strength , which is the central question of stopping and crushing the civil war. On the 26th, "Morning News" was launched in Guangzhou.This is a gray-faced private newspaper under the leadership of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China. Soon after the publication of "Morning Post", it was sealed up by the Kuomintang authorities twice, but they were unsealed with the help of Zuo Hongtao, a member of the special branch of the Communist Party of China who was in the camp in Guangzhou. In November, it was sealed up for the third time for criticizing the improper measures of the Kuomintang authorities to abolish the Japanese and puppet China Reserve Notes. Zhao Yuanhao and others retreated to Hong Kong.

September On the 20th, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Work Arrangement for Guangdong's Long-term Persistence Struggle".He pointed out that the working policy is: on the one hand, it is to persist in struggle, preserve weapons, and preserve cadres; on the other hand, it is a long-term plan to prepare for future legal and democratic struggles.Cadres who may return to the city are required to be sent to the city to strengthen urban work.Accordingly, Dongjiang, Beijiang, Xijiang and other anti-Japanese base areas successively transferred more than 500 party members to work in Guangzhou.

In the same month, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on persevering in struggle and strengthening urban work, changed the original District Committee’s Urban Works Department into an Urban Work Committee, with Liang Guang as its secretary.The leadership is divided into two systems; Liang Guang and Huang Kang are in charge of the secret organization system; Lian Lian and Rao Zhangfeng are in charge of the semi-public culture, propaganda, united front, and overseas Chinese movement system.

October On the 24th, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Current Struggle Situation and Work Instructions", requiring a large number of cadres, party members and the masses to participate in various open and legal groups, restore and establish legally established associations, organize the masses, unite Chinese and foreign people, and lay a foundation for democracy. The basis of movement. The "Instructions" also proposed that the propaganda policy should be determined according to the three major slogans and six propositions put forward by the central government, starting from the immediate interests of the people, reflecting the voice and demands of the people, requiring the Kuomintang to fulfill its promises, and using facts to expose the Kuomintang's various deceptive propaganda and oppression Measures of the people to educate the masses.

Is the month of the Communist Party of China Guangzhou City Working Committee was established.Chen Nengxing served as secretary, Chen Xiangnan (i.e. Chen Dun) was in charge of organizational work, and Yu Meiqing (i.e. Yu Bi) was in charge of staff work.The main task is to receive relations, restore the organization, mobilize the masses, and prepare for struggle. The Municipal Working Committee was established in accordance with the resolution of the expanded cadre meeting of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China in July 1945. The original head of propaganda work, Mai Guang (ie Mai Ren), did not come to work due to illness.

△The members of the special branch of the Communist Party of China in the Guangzhou camp of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government of the Kuomintang arrived in Guangzhou with the Kuomintang general Zhang Fakui and the Second Front Army Command.The secretary of the special branch is Zheng Liya, and its members include Zuo Hongtao, Yang Yingbin, He Jiahuai, Ji Liankang, Sun Shen, etc.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Special Branch was successively led by the Yangtze River Bureau and the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Zuo Hongtao was responsible for contacting the higher-level party organizations.

November On the 13th, Guangdong District appointed Li Jiaren to work in Guangzhou, responsible for organizing cultural and democratic parties to carry out cultural and publicity activities. December On the 1st, Brother Book Company opened on Hui'ai Road, Guangzhou, publishing progressive books and magazines, and became a place where progressive people communicated.Soon Lin Huakang, secretary of the Youth Committee of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, restored the organizational relationship for Wu Zhong, a member of the Communist Party of China who had lost organizational contact in the company.

This month, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China successively transferred party members from various guerrilla areas to work in Guangzhou.With the relocation of high schools and high schools back to Guangzhou, the underground members of the Communist Party of China who returned to the city and returned to school in other places followed the instructions of their superiors to unite their classmates and carry out a series of struggles.For example, the students of Sun Yat-sen University elected representatives to petition Sun Liren, the commander of the New First Army, asking the New First Army to withdraw from Sun Yat-sen University.Later, struggles were launched to improve the method of distributing public funds and ensuring the life of students, and a temporary working committee for students of Sun Yat-sen University was established.Guangzhou No. 2 Overseas Chinese Normal School went on strike to demand repayment of the embezzled public funds, forcing the reactionary authorities to replace the former president. The underground party members of Guangdong University mobilized students in the occupied areas to oppose the so-called "screening out fake students" exams.Members of the Guerrilla Friends of the Provincial Women's Teachers (a progressive organization led by the underground party in Guangzhou during the Anti-Japanese War) joined with the students of the city's teachers and petitioned the Provincial Department of Education on the issue of students from the occupied areas.

1946 January On the 25th, the "Military Adjustment Eighth Executive Team" dispatched by the Executive Department of the Peking Military Mediation Office arrived in Guangzhou to resolve the Guangdong armistice and the northward withdrawal of the CCP's Guangdong Armed Forces. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent Fang Fang as a representative to participate in the eighth executive team.Prior to this, representatives of the CCP and the Kuomintang government formally reached an agreement on January 10 to stop the military conflict, and at the same time issued a truce order to take effect at midnight on January 13.However, the Guangdong authorities of the KMT openly violated the armistice agreement and provoked civil war.Under Chiang Kai-shek's order, Zhang Fakui, Director of the Guangzhou Camp of the Military Commission of the Nationalist Government of the Kuomintang, declared that there were no CCP troops in Guangdong, refused to negotiate, and severed Fang Fang's ties with the outside world.Zuo Hongtao, a member of the special branch of the Communist Party of China in the Guangzhou camp, got in touch with Fang Fang on January 27 and passed on important military information to Zeng Sheng and Lin Ping, the leaders of the Dongjiang Column. An attempt to wipe out the Dongjiang column's conspiracy on the spot.

On the 30th, more than 2,000 students from universities and middle schools in Guangzhou, mainly Sun Yat-sen University, held a "January 30th" demonstration in solidarity with the Kunming students who were suppressed by the Kuomintang military and police during the "January 3rd Massacre".This was the first large-scale democratic movement in Guangzhou after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and it opened the prelude to Guangzhou's struggle against civil war and democracy. In the same month, the Jianwen Printing Shop established by the underground party organization in Guangzhou opened. The main task is to print internal materials, and at the same time solve the problems of occupational cover and economic livelihood for underground workers. There are 6 staff members in the factory, and the business will end in May.

February At the beginning of the month, the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, and Chen Nengxing, the former Secretary of the Municipal Working Committee, was transferred to Hong Kong.Huang Songjian, the former secretary of the Beijiang District Committee, was transferred to be the secretary of the Guangzhou Municipal Party Committee, Xie Yongkuan was appointed as the deputy secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, Chen Xiangnan, Yu Meiqing, and Rao Hua were members of the Guangzhou Municipal Party Committee.In order to strengthen the leadership of the student movement, the municipal party committee appointed Lin Huakang as the secretary of the Youth Committee, and Lin Mingxun and Wu Zhenqian as the deputy secretaries of the Youth Committee.At that time, the Municipal Party Committee still took restoring the organization, gaining a firm foothold, carrying out mass work, and preparing for organizational struggles as its main tasks. On the 19th, Sun Ke, the chief executive of the Kuomintang, came to Sui. In order to expose the Kuomintang’s civil war conspiracy, Guangzhou secondary schools, under the leadership of the party, and the Democratic League organized an anti-civil war demonstration in the name of “Welcome Sun Ke”. At Sun Ke’s residence at the Guest House of the Municipal Government, he chanted slogans such as “Stop the civil war and realize the resolutions of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference”, “End the one-party dictatorship”, “Oppose news blockade, and strive for freedom of speech and publication”. Sun Ke was forced to come out to meet the masses and accept Petitions from the masses. In that month, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "Instructions on the Current Situation and Tasks", pointing out that the urgent task of the Guangdong Party and the people of Guangdong is to quickly break through the civil war crisis caused by the Kuomintang and strive for peace.We should concentrate our efforts to break through the feudal and fascist fortress of the Kuomintang in Guangzhou, vigorously carry out propaganda and cultural work in large cities, vigorously launch various mass movements, and unite the vast middle class. We must quickly establish a strong position among the students in Guangzhou and the workers in Hong Kong. And use this as the core to expand mass movements at all levels.The General Branch Committee of Sun Yat-sen University of the Communist Party of China was established.General branch secretary Luo Xianglin, committee members Liao Jianxiang and Luo Baiyuan.There are more than 60 underground members of the Communist Party of China in the whole school. Lei Yubin, the branch secretary of the law school, Liang Tianpei, the branch secretary of the liberal arts school, Zeng Jintian, the branch secretary of the teacher's college, and some party members from the science, engineering, and agriculture colleges and teachers set up groups. , and some single-line links.The main task after the establishment of the Party General Branch is to establish and improve the organization, vigorously carry out mass work, closely cooperate with the Democratic League, unite progressive forces, strive for intermediate forces, isolate the Three Youth League, and carry out reasonable, beneficial, and economically and politically integrated activities. struggle. The following grassroots party organizations were established successively: Guangdong College of Arts and Sciences temporary branch, secretary Zheng Yanwen, 11 party members; Guangdong Culture University branch, secretary Li Shiquan, 8 party members, Guangdong Law and Business School party group, group leader Kang Huiying, 3 party members ( Later, 9 people were transferred from various places).Later, Guangdong National University also established a branch in early 1947 under the leadership of Lin Huakang.Party secretary Wu Jingai has more than ten party members.Underground party members such as Huang Fanyuan and Qi Jiuru from the High School Affiliated to Zhongda University, Kong Qingyu from Zhixin Girls' Middle School, and Li Yingxiang from the Second Overseas Chinese Division also worked under the leadership of the Municipal Youth Committee. March At the beginning of the month, under the leadership of the Sun Yat-sen University’s underground party branch, the student temporary work committee was reorganized into a departmental representative meeting to restore and improve various club activities, and organized political societies, economic societies and various reading clubs. Among them, the famous clubs include Teacher Drama Club, Nanyan Drama Club, etc. From the 20th to the 25th, Sun Yat-sen University students "asked for leave and stood by" to suspend classes for 5 days, demanding to improve the treatment of public loans and the payment of lamp oil fees.The school authorities were forced to accept the student's demands. On the 25th, the "National Sun Yat-sen University Human Rights Protection Association" was formally established, demanding the protection of human rights, the freedom and security of the collective, and opposing personal persecution. On the 27th, Zheng Bao, the official newspaper of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, set up a Guangzhou business office and a Guangzhou branch at No. 234, Hanmin North Road, Guangzhou, to sell and distribute progressive books and magazines. After the signing of the agreement on the northward withdrawal of the Dongjiang column on the 31st, a "Chongqing three-member military delegation" consisting of Liao Chengzhi, the representative of the Communist Party of China, Pi Zongkan, the representative of the Kuomintang, and Keyi, the representative of the United States, arrived in Guangzhou. The Kuomintang authorities negotiated the specific issues of the eastward and northward withdrawal. On April 4, Zeng Sheng, commander of the Eastern Column, and Yin Linping, political commissar, went to Guangzhou to participate in negotiations as representatives of the CCP's armed personnel in South China. Finally, on May 21, a specific agreement was reached on the withdrawal of Guangdong's CCP's armed personnel to Shandong. April On the 7th, the Kuomintang garrison assaulted students at Guangya Middle School. On the 18th, there was another incident where Kuomintang soldiers shot at students and surrounded the school in the College of Arts and Sciences.With the support and help of the CUHK Human Rights Protection Committee, the two schools successively established their own human rights protection committees. On the 15th, under the leadership of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China and led by Sun Yat-sen University, the preparatory meeting for the Guangzhou Middle and Upper School Students Federation was established, and the "Letter to the Public" was published, and more than 20,000 students from more than 30 middle and upper schools in the city were organized on 16 Strike for 1 hour every day to support the persecuted students in Guangya Middle School's "April 7th" incident and the struggle of 5 provincial schools to "improve their lives and ask for leave". In the middle of the month, five provincial publicly funded schools including Guangzhou College of Arts and Sciences, Law and Business College, Guangzhou Advanced Industrial Vocational School, Provincial Women's Teachers, and Qinqin Normal School launched a strike to "improve life, ask for leave and wait for call", demanding that public food be paid in lieu of money, improve living and sanitary conditions. On the 21st, more than 100 representatives of the Guangzhou Secondary School Student Federation held an inaugural meeting in the Pingshan Hall of the High School Affiliated to Zhongda University to elect a council.The conference made 52 resolutions including expanding the commemoration of the 27th anniversary of the "May 4th" Movement and celebrating the establishment of the Federation of Students. In the same month, the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China set up a transportation station at Hehe Store on Haizhu Road. Under the cover of selling clothes and old books, He Qiong (female) served as the head of the station. The station continued to work until 1947. May On the 3rd, the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China learned that the Kuomintang authorities were planning to take advantage of the opportunity of the city's students commemorating the May 4th Congress held by university and middle school students in Guangzhou to carry out mass arrests.In order to avoid losses, the Municipal Party Committee decided to stop holding meetings and demonstrations, and instead held commemorative activities in separate schools. △Under the instigation of the Kuomintang authorities, the Three Youth League came forward to coerce and lure some students from various schools to hold an official May 4th commemoration meeting in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall, and then held an anti-Soviet parade after the meeting.When the team passed the Guangzhou office of Hong Kong's "Hua Shang Bao" and "Zheng Bao" Guangzhou offices, mob spies disguised as students chanted anti-communist slogans and destroyed the Guangzhou branches of "Hua Shang Bao" and "Zheng Bao". The business office of "Ta Kung Pao" and the brother book company were also destroyed and looted.After the incident, the underground party organized workers in the Guangzhou newspaper industry to wage a three-day sabotage struggle, and the city's newspapers could not be published as scheduled. In the first ten days, the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Democratic League, Democracy Star Magazine, Life Guide, and the Human Rights Protection Association of Guangdong Provincial College of Arts and Sciences reported to the KMT Guangdong authorities about the atrocities committed by spies and thugs who destroyed the Guangzhou offices of "Hua Shang Bao", "Zheng Bao" and Brother Book Company. lodge a serious protest. On the 11th, the workers of the Guangdong Textile Factory put forward 7 demands to improve their living conditions and were not resolved, so they stopped work and stood by.The factory actually used force to coerce the workers to return to work. The workers persisted in the struggle until May 26, and finally won. On the 23rd, the Dongjiang column broke through the obstacles set up by the Kuomintang and arrived at the Dapeng Peninsula to prepare to withdraw northward.The US suddenly called to say that the fleet might be late for some reason.The Kuomintang authorities nervously planned to wipe out my assembled troops on the spot, and ordered the Guangzhou Camp Staff Office to draw a schematic diagram of the attack route.Yang Yingbin, Zuo Hongtao, and Zheng Liya, members of the special branch of the Communist Party of China who were in the camp in Guangzhou, sent this important information to Lin Ping in Hong Kong in time.Lin Ping immediately reported to Zhou Enlai and Ye Jianying, who lodged a protest to the Eighth Executive Team, and mobilized Hong Kong progressive newspapers to expose and condemn the conspiracy of the Guangzhou camp. On June 30, they successfully evacuated from Dapeng Bay. June On the 26th, Chiang Kai-shek brazenly tore up the armistice agreement and the CPPCC agreement, and launched a full-scale civil war.Before and after this, the situation in Guangzhou deteriorated day by day. The Kuomintang held a so-called "Great Security Exercise" in Guangzhou, and also fabricated rumors of a "Communist riot" to hunt down Communists and progressive masses. On the 21st, the Brothers Book Company was shut down. On the 29th, 13 cultural institutions including the Guangzhou office of "Hua Shang Bao" and "Zheng Bao" were closed.And use terror to force democrats to leave Guangzhou.After the Dongjiang Column withdrew to the north, the Kuomintang military and political authorities launched a so-called deadline to eliminate "bandits", joint defense and joint suppression, joint protection and joint resignation, and forced rehabilitation. The whole province of Guangdong fell into a dark situation. Is the month of the Communist Party of Guangzhou Suburb District 1 and Suburb District 2 were established.Wang Yanguang is the special commissioner of Suburban District 1, and Lin Huakang is the deputy commissioner, responsible for contacting some local party organizations in Nanhai, Panyu, Shunde, Sanshui and other counties.Xie Hechou was the special commissioner of the Second Suburban District, and Wu Zhenqian was the deputy special commissioner, responsible for contacting some local party organizations in Zengcheng, Longmen, Conghua, Boluo, Huaxian and other counties.Suburb 1 and Suburb 2 organizations are directly led by Huang Songjian.After Huang Songjian was transferred to the Guangdong District Party Committee, he continued to lead the work of these two districts. July After the full-scale civil war broke out in that month, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China implemented the policy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to "cover up and be capable, lay in wait for a long time, accumulate strength, and wait for the opportunity". Because he could not gain a foothold, he withdrew to Hong Kong, and later reassigned Zhong Ming as a special commissioner.After Zhong Ming took office, he took emergency measures to transfer exposed party members, implemented single-line connections, deployed in depth, and completely concealed the party organization. Support the countryside.The main persons in charge are Chen Xiangnan, Yu Meiqing and others. In order to ambush for a long time and accumulate strength, the Guangzhou underground organization of the Communist Party of China insisted on fighting on the hidden front.He Qiongyu (female) went to the Guangzhou Police Station, Kong Qingyu (female) went to the Provincial New Movement Women's Committee, and Zhao Shijian went to the Guangzhou Water Supply Management Office to carry out underground work. November On the 27th, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to resume armed struggle in Guangdong in accordance with the spirit of the "Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for the Work of the Southern Provinces" on November 6.By the end of the month, activities in the northeastern suburbs of Guangzhou included the "Dongjiang Demobilized Self-Defense Force" under Kunshan on the border of Zengcheng and Longmen, and the "Dongjiang People's Hunger Relief Group" in Boluo County.The Dongjiang column stayed in the northern part of Conghua County, Yaotian, Xinfeng County, and the armed detachment in the Yonghan area of ​​Longmen County also began to operate.Mass struggles against the three levy (conscription, food collection, and taxation), reduction of rent and interest, breaking warehouses to distribute food, opposing persecution, and maintaining law and order were gradually carried out. That month, Chen Xiangnan, one of the leaders of the CCP’s underground organization in Guangzhou, was temporarily transferred from Guangzhou to work in Hong Kong. 1947 January After the "Shen Chong Incident" in which the US military raped Chinese female college students in Beiping at the end of December 1946, students from secondary schools in Guangzhou actively participated in the anti-U.S. anti-violence struggle. On the 1st, all girls at Sun Yat-sen University issued a letter to their compatriots. On the 4th, students of Sun Yat-sen University held a symposium on current affairs and proposed to hold demonstrations. On the 6th, under the leadership of the CCP's underground organization, the "Sun Yat-Sen University Student Anti-U.S. Anti-Riot Movement Committee" was established. On the 7th, more than 2,000 students from the city held anti-American demonstrations despite the intimidation and threats of the Kuomintang military and political authorities.The parade broke through the military barriers set up by the Kuomintang military and police at the head of the Shamian Bridge, and protested to the US Consulate in Guangzhou. February On the 13th, Sun Yat-sen University held an all-student meeting, and decided to organize the "Anti-Civil War and Anti-dictatorship Movement Committee" to go on strike for two days on the 14th and 15th, and issued a "Letter to Teachers and Classmates". On the 24th and 25th, the students of Teachers College of Sun Yat-Sen University canceled their exams for 2 days due to unresolved uniform fees and other living problems, and issued a "Letter to the Public". That month, in order to meet the needs of the struggle situation, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish the Jiangbei Working Committee in the northern suburbs of Guangzhou, with Huang Zhuangping as the secretary, Huang Jia as the deputy secretary, and Huang Bai and Chen Jiangtian as members.At this time, the people's armed forces behind enemy lines with more than 100 guns had been established in the Jiangbei area. March On the 2nd, more than 3,000 Guangzhou leather workers went on strike in order to demand a wage increase. The silk industry union and newspaper printing workers also went on strike one after another. On the 29th, with the approval of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the leadership of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Patriotic Democratic Movement Association of Sun Yat-sen University was established.Since then, it has developed to other universities.Use the name Guangzhou Patriotic Democratic Association. In May, it developed into secondary schools and became a regional secret peripheral organization of the party under the name of Guangzhou Students' United Work Association. This month, according to the instructions of the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China, the special commissioners for the first and second suburbs of Guangzhou were revoked, and the special commissioners for the suburbs of Guangzhou were replaced. Zengcheng (part).Zengcheng (part), Longmen, Conghua, Boluo, and Huaxian (part) under the jurisdiction of the Second Suburb District were placed under the leadership of the Jiangbei Prefectural Work Committee of the Communist Party of China. May On the 6th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to establish a Hong Kong branch, directly under the leadership of the Central Committee.The sub-bureau set up a city work committee, with Liang Guang as the secretary, responsible for leading the party work in large and medium-sized cities in South China. On the 31st, under the leadership of the Guangzhou underground organization of the Communist Party of China, Guangzhou students held a demonstration against "anti-hunger, anti-civil war, and anti-persecution."When the parade passed the long embankment, it was attacked by Kuomintang agents and gangsters, injuring more than 50 people and causing the "May 31st" tragedy. That night, CUHK students held an emergency meeting and decided to go on a one-day hunger strike to protest government atrocities. Angry crowds destroyed the headquarters of the Three Youth League at CUHK. At 2 o'clock in the morning on June 1, more than 2,000 soldiers from the security team entered the University, surrounded the dormitories of teachers and students, and arrested a large number of teachers and students.In the next few days, the Kuomintang military police also intercepted college students in Xiancun, Shipai, and Shahe.In order to rescue the injured and arrested teachers and students, teachers and students of various schools, professors of CUHK in Hong Kong and all walks of life donated condolence funds, sent condolence letters, and published articles in newspapers and periodicals to support the struggle of Guangzhou students. June After the "May 31st" demonstrations in that month, the Guangzhou underground party adjusted its struggle strategy according to the political situation at that time, and promptly retreated the underground party members and "Aixie" members who were exposed during the movement.The progressive students who were active and firm in the movement were recruited into the party or joined the "Love Association" organization, and a group of underground party members were sent from Zhongda University to some universities and middle schools to promote and strengthen the work, thus accelerating the development of the Guangzhou student movement . August On the 15th, Hong Kong machine workers demanded a raise in wages, and 9,000 people went on strike. The employees of the southern section of the Yuehan Road Union held an emergency meeting, and decided that from the 23rd, the Guangjiu Road train would only run to Shenzhen and stop running to the British section, as a show of solidarity. The book "Blood Debt" was published in Hong Kong to commemorate the "May 31" student movement in Guangzhou that month. A total of 2,000 copies were printed, most of which were secretly transported back to Guangzhou for distribution. October In the same month, the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instruction Letter on Strengthening the Rural Struggle to Meet the Great Counteroffensive" and put forward the slogan "Welcome to the Great Counteroffensive". The gap created a large number of rural strongholds and armed organizations, breaking Jiang Song's attempt.Develop the rural struggle to encircle the city and finally settle the city. November In the same month, the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Carrying out the Revolution to the End", pointing out: "In order to carry out the revolutionary war to the end, to strive for the final victory of the Chinese revolution, and to completely liberate South China, our southern work policy today is: let go and carry out the revolution. To smash Chiang's conspiracy, to meet the great counteroffensive, and to strive for the complete liberation of South China is the central task of our entire party today, and it must be fully realized." winter Li Guolin, the former special commissioner of the Zhanjiang Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, was transferred to Guangzhou. Under the leadership of Zhong Ming, the special commissioner of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was in charge of the work of the underground party in the Kuomintang organs, groups and schools. He was one of the leaders of the three major lines of the underground party organization in Guangzhou. The Guangzhou Customs Branch of the Communist Party of China was established, consisting of Huang Guangyu (Huang Zhangui), Zhang Jiadong, Chen Hongren, Chen Kangxian and others.It is directly under the leadership of Special Commissioner Zhong Ming. 1948 spring The suburban counties of Guangzhou implemented the policy of "big work" of the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and actively launched struggles after the Spring Festival: such as confiscating landlords' armed forces;Due to mistakes in policies and strategies, the Jiangbei Prefectural Committee held a meeting in early June to conduct an inspection and summary. February That month, the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to revoke the special commissioners for the suburbs of Guangzhou and Zhongshan County, and establish the Pearl River Work Committee of the Communist Party of China. March That month, the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to change the former Jiangbei Working Committee to the Jiangbei Prefectural Committee, with secretary Huang Zhuangping, deputy secretary Chen Lizhong, and members Huang Bai, Wang Dahong, and Chen Jiangtian.The people's armed forces in the northeast suburbs of Guangzhou were unified into the Jiangbei Detachment of the Guangdong People's Liberation Army.Commander Huang Bai, Political Commissar Huang Zhuangping, and Director of the Political Department Chen Jiangtian, under the jurisdiction of the four regiments. May On the 31st, under the leadership of the Guangzhou underground organization of the Communist Party of China, Guangzhou students carried out a series of patriotic and democratic struggle activities such as a 100,000-signature strike movement and opposing the signing of the traitorous treaty by the United States and Chiang Kai-shek. The Organizational Regulations of the Special Criminal Courts for the Repression of the People. July On the 7th, the Kuomintang Guangzhou Police Station killed 11 people including Huang Henian, a member of the revolutionary mass organization "Guangzhou Democratic Youth Underground Army".This organization was established in 1947 under the leadership of the "Guangzhou Branch of the Communist Party of China" (Guangzhou Branch of the Communist Party of China) organized by Su Peiyu, a former member of the Communist Party of China who lost his organizational relationship, in the name of the Communist Party of China in Guangzhou in September 1946. From June 1st to November of the same year, a total of more than 100 members were developed in Guangzhou, Shunde, Nanhai, Panyu and other places. On February 29, 1948, 11 people were arrested and killed for trying to organize an armed struggle.After the incident, the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China took emergency measures and ordered Su Peiyu to immediately disband the organization and conduct inspections. That month, Chen Xiangnan returned to Guangzhou from Hong Kong and was mainly responsible for leading the work on students and women.He is the person in charge of one of the three major lines of the underground party organization under the leadership of Zhong Ming, a special commissioner of the Guangzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Urban Working Committee of the Hong Kong Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organized two study classes for underground Party student line cadres in Guangzhou.Mainly study Mao Zedong's "The Current Situation and Our Tasks".And by summarizing the work, the strategy and method of dealing with the reactionaries "Temporary Measures for Maintaining Social Order" were studied. September In the same month, Zhong Ming, a special commissioner of the Guangzhou underground party, transferred to the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to serve as the deputy secretary of the city committee, and at the same time continued to manage the work of the Guangzhou underground party. △The underground party established a secret printing station in Guangya Middle School, published "Guangzhou Digest", published party documents and Xinhua News Agency telegrams, and publicized the situation of the liberation war and our party's principles and policies. In May 1949, the distribution was expanded, and the printing run exceeded a thousand copies at the most. △In order to implement the “Instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Urban Work Department to the Shanghai Bureau and the Hong Kong Branch Bureau to deal with the Chiang Kai-shek’s mass arrests of students from all over the country”, the Guangzhou Underground Party promptly arranged for the retreat of exposed student backbones. With the assistance of the Hong Kong Underground Municipal Committee, it was established in Kowloon The reception desk receives underground party members and progressive students who retreated from Guangzhou. December On the 11th, the Jiangbei Detachment of the Guangdong People's Liberation Army set up an ambush in Yangmeitan, Conghua County, and captured Zhang Hanliang, the county magistrate of Xinfeng County of the Kuomintang government who was going to take office, and escorted his armed party. On the 15th, under the leadership of the Guangzhou Underground Party, the students of the Second National Overseas Chinese Division launched a struggle against the Kuomintang authorities' crimes of destroying education and persecuting students.Some students took to the streets, holding the wooden sign of "The Second Overseas Chinese Teacher's Broken Cooking Auction", auctioned clothes and stationery, polished shoes, sold flowers, distributed "Letter to the Public", and sent representatives to the Provincial Department of Education to petition. The major newspapers in Guangzhou and Hong Kong also reported and commented for days on end, and the Democratic Party, under pressure from public opinion, had to agree to use a "temporary loan" to initially solve the problem of cutting off cooking. The struggle ended victoriously. From the second half of 1948 to the beginning of 1949, the underground organization of the CCP in Guangzhou actively led the masses to carry out struggles, and decided to establish secret peripheral organizations of the party at all levels.The New Democracy Workers Association (later renamed the Guangzhou Workers Association after the Central Committee approved), the New Democracy Educators Association (including the New Democracy Professors Association), the New Democracy Economic Workers Association (founded in February 1949), the New Democracy Workers Association, Five organizations including "Guangzhou New Democratic Women's Federation" (renamed Guangzhou Democratic Women's Federation in April 1949), and Friends of the People's Liberation Army. At the end of the year, the second branch of the Yunan Armed Work Team led by the special commissioner of the Panyu County Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was established. 1949 January On the 1st, the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instruction Letter on Welcome the Army to Cross the River and Prepare to Liberate Guangdong", pointing out: The PLA is preparing to cross the river, and our current arrangement should be to first liberate Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hunan east of the Guangdong-Han Road Dozens of counties and 20 to 30 counties on the west side of Luxi to encircle and capture Guangzhou.The work in Hong Kong should mainly train cadres to take over the city and study urban policies. On the 19th, as the Chinese People's Liberation Army had approached the north bank of the Yangtze River, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kuomintang government notified the envoys of various countries to move south to Guangzhou. On the 21st, Chiang Kai-shek announced his "retirement", and Vice President Li Zongren acted as president. On the 22nd, Song Ziwen, director of the Guangzhou Appeasement Office, resigned, and Yu Hanmou, the commander-in-chief of the army, concurrently took up the post. On the 24th, the Central Political Council of the Kuomintang decided that the Kuomintang government moved to Guangzhou. Song Ziwen resigned as the chairman of the Guangdong Provincial Government, and Xue Yue took over on the 27th. According to the requirements of the situation, the Hong Kong branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to adopt the policy of "all-round development and key consolidation" to complete the establishment of large base areas to welcome the army going south to liberate South China. Cadres, when preparing for the army to go south to seize the city, help understand the situation and assist in the reception work. This month, the Urban Work Committee of the Hong Kong Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China expanded the urban takeover research group to mobilize and prepare for the takeover of Guangzhou based on the experience of taking over the city, and strengthened publicity, organization, and investigation and research. In January 1949, 4,000 copies of the Communist Party of China's proclamation on overthrowing the Kuomintang reactionary government were mailed and distributed to Guangzhou, which shocked the enemy and inspired the people. February On the 1st, the first representative meeting of South China students was held in Hong Kong, and the South China Students Federation (South China Students Federation for short) was established. On the 4th, the "Current Program of Action for South China Students" was passed, mobilizing students in South China to participate in armed struggle, and together with the people of Guangzhou, they finally defeated the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, liberated Guangzhou, liberated South China, and liberated the whole of China.Prior to this, the Guangzhou Underground Party decided to collectively refer to the Guangzhou Patriotic and Democratic Association and the Guangzhou Student United Work Association as the Guangzhou Student Federation (internal abbreviation as the Underground Student Federation) as a group member to join the South China Federation of Students.However, its organizational nature, organizational form, and activities remain unchanged. On the 15th, the third detachment of the Dongjiang border column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was established.Commander Huang Bai, political commissar Huang Zhuangping, and the detachment have four regiments and an advance corps.Activities in Zengcheng, Longmen, Conghua, Boluo, Huaxian, and Fogang in the northeast suburbs of Guangzhou. In the same month, the Hong Kong branch issued the "Working Instructions on Handling the Jiang Jun Uprising" and "On the Disintegration of the Anti-Armed Forces" respectively, proposing to seize various favorable opportunities and conditions to carry out extensive work on the enemy's internal lines and promote internal division of the enemy.Hold an uprising at the right time, or cooperate with the inside and outside.The Guangzhou Underground Party conscientiously implemented the instructions of the sub-bureau, warned the reactionaries, explained policies, persuaded them to take the initiative to atone for their crimes, and sought leniency. △The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to change the name of the Hong Kong branch to the South China branch, and to lead the work of all parts of South China in a unified manner. In that month, the economy of the KMT-ruled area collapsed and the inflation was hyperinflated. As a result, the workers, staff, and teachers and students of the school could not make a living. They went on strike, strike, and strike. March On the 5th, professors at Sun Yat-sen University went on strike because of rising prices and serious threats to their lives.The underground party led middle school students to strike in response, and held four days of charity performances to support the professor's struggle. On the 20th, the professor of Sun Yat-sen University once again asked for better treatment.Because the school did not fulfill its promise to adjust remuneration, the general asked for leave on the 25th for a week. The "National Sun Yat-sen University Faculties and Faculties Association" issued a declaration of solidarity with the professor's strike. On the 29th and 30th, professors, lecturers, and teaching assistants at the Provincial Industrial College, the Provincial College of Arts and Sciences, and the School of Law and Business also demanded better living conditions, and a strike against teaching was brewing. On the 24th, the First National Congress of Chinese Women was held in Beiping. Guan Jingxia, appointed by the South China Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, attended the meeting on behalf of the Guangzhou Underground Women's Federation. After the meeting, the Guangzhou New Democratic Women's Federation was renamed the Guangzhou Democratic Women's Federation. April On the 15th, students of Sun Yat-sen University held a meeting to commemorate the martyrs who died in the "April 1st Massacre" in Nanjing. On the 20th, the Faculty of Arts and Sciences also held a mourning event, and representatives from each school participated. On the 22nd, Nanjing was liberated, and the Kuomintang Presidential Palace and Executive Yuan moved to Guangzhou. On the 24th, the Urban Working Committee of the South China Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was transferred to rural work by Liang Guang and Feng, and Chen Nengxing and Zhong Ming were in charge.The Guangzhou party organization is directly responsible to the city committee in parallel lines such as students, culture and education, and labor movement.The takeover working organization organized by the city committee is divided into labor association, finance and economics, culture and education, and student groups. May On the 7th, the South China Branch of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued instructions to all localities to analyze the characteristics of the situation in South China after the army crossed the river, and required all localities to completely liberate the countryside before the army arrived, so that the army could concentrate on solving urban tasks and chasing and wiping out the remnants of the enemy; stepping up preparations for urban reception work , prepare to take over a large number of urban cadres and carry out extensive united front work in accordance with the eight chapters of the contract.According to the above instructions of the sub-bureau, the Guangzhou underground party decided to shift the focus of its work to welcome liberation, protect schools and factories, and prepare to take over.Decided to take the following measures: 1.Further do a good job in publicity work, expand the party's influence among the masses, expand the circulation of "Guangzhou Digest", and establish a secret tabloid published in the name of "Guangzhou Student Federation" to guide the current work; Go to important factories and units, look for objects, develop organizations, conduct investigations and studies, and prepare to take over materials; 3 Mobilize the masses to organize the struggle to expand schools and protect factories. On the 9th, professors Zhang Nong and Kong De from Sun Yat-Sen University set up a booth on Wenming Road to conduct a "survival auction" due to skyrocketing prices, living beyond their means, and selling private goods, books, etc.Members of the Underground Student Federation, an underground party member of CUHK, supported the struggle. In the first ten days of the year, the underground party in Guangzhou instigated an uprising by Zhang Huolan, the leader of the Second Land Surveying Team of the Guangdong Land Administration Bureau and the head of the Shunde Cadastre Arrangement Office, and others.Through them, they controlled the Second Surveying Team of the Guangdong Land Administration Bureau, the Shunde Cadastral Office, the Seventh Map Station of the Land Surveying Bureau of the National Defense Ministry of the Kuomintang, and the Guangzhou Office of the Third Surveying Team.When Guangzhou was liberated, a number of important archives, books, deeds, instruments, etc. were preserved for the people. In the middle of the year, according to the deployment of the underground party in Guangzhou, a group of members from the six peripheral organizations of the party in various schools were selected to break into important factories and units through various channels, develop organizations, and collect materials to prepare for taking over Guangzhou. At the same time, under the mobilization and organization of the party's peripheral organizations, many universities, middle schools, factories, and government agencies established organizations such as factory and school protection committees or contingency committees to prevent the Kuomintang from moving factories and schools and destroying them. On the 20th, the underground party organization in Guangzhou issued an instruction "Guangzhou Situation and Current Tasks on the Eve of Liberation", pointing out that the current situation is very chaotic, the Kuomintang authorities have implemented layoffs, evacuated, and prepared to destroy when they retreat; 2. Hooligans are ready to take advantage of the chaos and rob to make a fortune.The broad masses of the people are facing the threat of severe unemployment and hunger. They hope to end this dangerous and turbulent situation as soon as possible, but they still have doubts about our party's policies.In response to this situation, it was decided to use various methods to widely publicize our party's eight chapters of the constitution and other urban policies and urban construction guidelines to break the enemy's rumors; Protect archives, protect machinery assets, refuse or delay the enemy's relocation, stealing, and destruction of factory equipment, strengthen the investigation, monitoring, and disintegration of enemy agents, as a preparation for preventing sabotage and eliminating hidden enemy agents in the future. △The City Committee of the South China Branch Bureau bound the Kuomintang’s political, economic, military, and cultural materials obtained from various fronts (focusing on Guangzhou) into more than forty volumes for use in taking over the city. June 1日广州地下学联为纪念“五·卅一”两周年发表告同学书，号召全市学生与全市人民更紧密地团结起来，展开求生存、反迫害的斗争。 是月为了建立解放广州的前沿阵地，粤赣湘边纵队东江第三支队各团在江北地区袭击增城正果还乡团，解放了博罗横河、增城麻榨、从化良口，接着又消灭了流溪、吕田自卫队、从化县警中队，解放了永汉。 July 7日广州地下党就5月20日《解放前夕广州形势与当前任务》发出《补充意见》，指出；目前反动派表面嚣张，实则准备后事、准备逃跑，官僚工厂准备卖光搬光，但又遇到抵制。要求加强调查研究，准备好接管的底册，发动组织群众，培养干部，建立党的基础，在广大工人中建立据点。并提出，对于国民党上层分子的搭线工作主要由香港特殊线去负责，地方组织负责了解培养和从旁推动，非十分必要不作正面解决，以防止暴露。 23日凌晨，广州警备司令叶肇派出上千便衣和军警包围中山大学石牌校区。搜捕教师和学生一百四十余人，制造了震动全市的“七·二三事件”。广州市地下党采取紧急措施，成立营救委员会，发表抗议宣言，揭露国民党反动罪行，争取社会同情，利用各种社会关系进行营救；发动学生进行募捐和慰问。在社会舆论压力下，绝大部分被捕师生陆续出狱。只有2人一直被关到10月12日解放前夕才被保释。 August 27日龙门县城解放。至此，在广州北郊，从化县北部己全部解放，博罗县东部除附城小部份地区，增城县北部除派潭、福和外，已全部解放，佛冈农村已全部解放，我武工队已活动到花县新华、禺北九佛一带。北起新丰、佛冈，南至广九铁路沿线，东起东江河畔，西迄粤汉路已连成一片，对广州形成一个半包围圈，成为大军解放广州的前进基地。 中共中央华南分局举办干训班，组织学习党的城市工作政策，准备回广州参加接管。钟明在香港组织了一批干部，准备配合大军解放广州，接管城市。 September 8日中共中央军委发出关于占领广州的指示，要求华南分局及华南各地党委和人民武装与即将进入华南的人民解放军主力团结融洽，互相学习，互相取长补短，以利争取更大的胜利。并指示我军开始南进，第一步至韶关、翁源，然后夺取广州。 11日中共中央华南分局第三次委员会扩大会议在江西省赣州市举行，部署了占领广州，解放广东全省和华南的作战计划。 28日广东战役联合指挥部司令员兼政委叶剑英、副司令员陈赓发布《广州外围作战命令》，决定以第二野战军第四兵团为右路军；第四野战军第十五兵团为左路军，两广纵队、粤赣湘边纵队和粤中纵队为南路军，共同实施解放广东的作战计划。 △叶剑英、陈赓将军签发联字第一号作战命令，指示我军按照军委意图，先歼曲江、翁源(老城)、英德地区之敌，然后迅速南下协同粤境我敌后人民武装会攻广州，完成解放广东之任务。 October 1日中华人民共和国宣告成立，中国人民解放军南下大军从湘赣过境，分三路入粤，发起广东战役。 △中共中央华南分局发表《告广东同胞书》，号召全省人民群众动员起来，拿出最大的力量来迎接人民解放军；解放全广东，解放全中国。 6日广东省支前司令部成立，尹林平任司令员，方方任政治委员。中共中央华南分局决定成立广州市接管工作委员会，以朱光、云青、萧桂昌、洪学智、李凡夫、谢育才、伍晋南、布鲁、张云天、林克泽、廖似光、陈健等12人为委员。朱光为委员会书记，云青、萧桂昌为副书记。 12日十五兵团四十三军10月12日解放佛冈，10月13日解放花县。同日，四十四军解放从化。由于野战军神速疾进，广州外围之敌全线溃退，分经广九铁路及珠江、西江各路逃窜，14日，左路军四十三军一二八师和四十四军一三二师进逼广州北郊和东郊，驻守广州之敌军于下午5时炸毁海珠桥后弃城溃逃。 14日下午7时30分，中国人民解放军迅速占领国民党总统府、广州绥靖公署、广东省政府、广州市政府及广州警察局，广州宣布解放。 △中共地下党员程长清根据中共中央华南分局的指示，以国民党广州市警察局保安警察独立大队上校大队长之职务作掩护，成功地策动了国民党保警部队3个半大队、市府常备自卫队和广州市警察局正、副代局长、13个警察分局长，以及二千多名官兵起义。这是由共产党直接领导的同民党警察起义。 16日中共广州市委地下组织负责人陈翔南、余美庆、李国霖、麦任等会见了中国人民解放军第十三兵团吴富善、方强、洪学智等领导人。双方正式建立起联系。 是月中共广州市委特派员钟明，为迎接南下大军解放广州，受命在香港组建“东江教导营”，共约1000人组成四个营。教导营原在惠阳地区集训，准备北上赣南与南下解放大军汇合。北上途中广州解放，教导营折回广州参加接管工作。 第十五兵团(辖第43、第44、第48军)： 司令员邓华 政委赖传珠 第一副司令员洪学智(兼参谋长) 第二副司令员贺晋年 政治部主任肖向荣 第43军：军长李作鹏；政委张池明 第44军：军长方强；政委吴富善； 第48军：军长贺晋年(兼)；政委陈仁麒 闽粤赣边纵队： 解放战争开始后，我党在长江以南各地区坚持斗争的组织和武装，不断发展壮大，建立了游击根据地。其中四支较大的游击队，于一九四九一月，遵照中央军委命令，分别整编为闽粤赣边纵队、粤赣湘边纵队、桂滇黔边纵队、闽浙赣边纵队。其他地区游击队也先后编为游击纵队或总队。 司令员刘永生 政委魏金水 副司令员铁坚(兼参谋长) 副政委朱曼平 政治部主任林美南 政治部副主任徐扬 粤赣湘边纵队： 司令员林平(兼政委) 副司令员黄松坚 副政委梁威林 参谋长严尚民 政治部主任左鸿涛 粤桂边纵队： 司令员梁广(兼政委) 副司令员唐才猷 参谋长杨应斌 政治部主任温焯华 粤中纵队： 司令员吴有恒 政委冯 副司令员欧初 副政委谢创(政治部主任) 从一九四八年九月至一九四九年一月，我军分别进行了辽沈、淮海、平津三大战役。辽沈战役从一九四八年九月十二日起至十一月二日结束，我军集中了主力十二个纵队及一个炮兵纵队，连同地主武装共五十三个师、七十余万人参加了该战役。淮海战役于一九四八年十一月六日开始至翌年一月十日结束。参加该战役的有华东野战军十六个纵队，中原野战军七个纵队，和华东、中原军区和华北军区所属冀鲁豫军区的地方武装，共六十余万人。平津战役从一九四八年十二月上旬开始，至一九四九年一月三十一日北平和平解放而告胜利结束。参加该战役的有东北野战军(四野)所属十二个纵队五十个师和炮兵、装甲坦克兵、工兵部共七十六万人；华北野战军两个兵团七个纵队二十个师共十三万人；华北军区所属冀察热、察哈尔、冀中、冀东和北岳等军区部队，总共近一百万人的兵力。 The book is over!