Chapter 5 Chapter 04 After several careful discussions, Guangzhou held a combat meeting

Since the Corps was ordered to attack Hainan Island, Commander Deng Hua, Political Commissar Lai Chuanzhu, and Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi have been studying and discussing combat issues in the war room every day.If they received a telegram from Siye headquarters at night, they would also come to the war room to discuss together. In mid-January 1950, they came to the war room one day. Commander Deng Hua said: "Last time we discussed that we wanted the main leaders of the two armies to come to Guangzhou for a meeting. First, we asked them to report on their preparations for entering the Leizhou Peninsula for a month; second, we discussed our strategy for crossing the sea. I Let me send a notice that the meeting will be held on February 1. Do you agree?"

Lai and Hong agreed.Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi immediately asked me to draft a telegram to inform the two armies that the Corps decided to hold a combat meeting on February 1, and asked the commanders and political commissars of the two armies to report to the Guangzhou Corps Headquarters before January 31 for the meeting. Commander Deng Hua always used to listen to the opinions of his subordinates before making a decision.He said to me: "During this period of time, your combat department is also studying and preparing for various issues in cross-sea operations. If you have any thoughts and opinions, please speak out and we will listen."

I don't have any scruples in front of these three chiefs. I just say what I have. Now that Commander Deng asked me, I think this is an opportunity to express our opinions in a more contextual manner. I said: "Recently, we have been studying and researching at the same time. We only learned some experience from our predecessors in sea crossing operations, but they are completely different from the situation of our sea crossing operations. These experiences cannot be used in our sea crossing operations. Come on, we have to learn from the beginning. Chairman Mao said: You must know what you know. As for this battle across the sea, until now, I have not fully realized what I know, but I have just started."

I went on to say: "According to the situation of our army, we have studied some problems. One is to take advantage of the monsoon problem. Chief Shino and Chairman Mao ordered our Corps to postpone the time to cross the sea and attack, and strive to solve the Hainan Island problem in spring and summer. But According to the climate change in the Qiongzhou Strait, we must not miss the monsoon that is conducive to crossing the sea and landing. It must be before summer, and at the latest before the April Grain Rain (April 20) at the turn of spring and summer. The sea crossing and landing are most favorable; The remnants of the Kuomintang army who fled from the mainland are fleeing to Hainan Island. We cannot give the enemy who fled to the island more time to respite, rectify and strengthen the defense of the island. Xue Yue, the commander-in-chief of the defense of the Kuomintang Hainan Island, is now taking "stability" Internally, we will use all our strength to annihilate the policy of attacking the Communist Party outside the island. We are launching a large-scale "encirclement and suppression" against our Qiongya column on the island. We must take strong actions to break the enemy's "encirclement and suppression" of the Qiongya column on the island. The Qiongya column suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat from the coast to Wuzhi Mountain, so it could not meet our army's crossing and landing operations. It was proposed by the chiefs at the beginning, to use small troops to sneak across the sea and strengthen the strength of the Qiongya column, which can not only boost their morale in the struggle, but also increase the strength of our army on the island to cope with our army's large-scale crossing of the sea and landing Attack. I also think: Although the attack time can be postponed, the time is still very limited for our army, and there is only two or three months of preparation time."

I was afraid that the speech would be too long, but the chiefs seemed interested, so they continued: "Our army does have many practical difficulties that need to be resolved quickly. For example: one is that there is no means of transport for crossing the sea and landing operations, and now there are two The military has spent a lot of money, and there are still very few fishing boats. How to quickly recruit enough boats is a top priority. Second, cadres and soldiers still have fear of the sea, and they are not familiar with water, so they are very unsuited to take a boat in the wind and waves at sea. , How to do ideological work well, how to overcome seasickness and vomiting, and quickly train a group of cadres and soldiers to master the ability to navigate ships, this is a very difficult problem that must be solved; I don’t know anything about sailing in formation and how to land and operate. I must quickly learn and learn these basic knowledge and the ability to organize and command at sea. There is no data to check, we need to organize our own forces to conduct observation and reconnaissance, and accumulate some necessary data and analysis and research; fifth, there is only one very narrow dirt road in Leizhou Peninsula, and transportation is very inconvenient. Before the equipment and various combat materials are transported up, it is necessary to organize forces to rush to repair the road. These problems are new problems and difficulties encountered in the preparation work, and they all need to be resolved in a short period of time. The sooner the better. "

Commander Deng Hua said: "After listening to your opinions, it seems that your comrades in the combat department have conducted research very seriously. So how did you study and how to solve these crucial problems?" Since the chiefs still asked me to say, I want to take this opportunity to say what our combat department has studied and thought of, and provide the chiefs with reference.I went on to say: "We think especially what means of transport to use to cross the sea, and when to seize the opportunity to cross the sea, should wooden sailboats mainly rely on the favorable monsoon wind? Or should we use machine boats as the mainstay and not rely on the wind direction? This is an important question. How to resolve this issue will directly affect the rapid liberation of Hainan Island by our army."

I continued to report: "Our research opinion, one is that the machine ship should be built. It depends on how the political commissar Chen Yi will buy the machine or ship after he comes to Guangzhou. There is no way for the Corps and the two armies. Therefore, I suggest Still according to the original decision of the chiefs, the two armies were ordered to collect fishing boats along the coast, and the two armies captured the wooden sailboats. With the fishing boats as a means of transportation, we took the initiative. The purchase of machines and machine ships is up to us. The Corps Department discussed with Chen Yi's political commissar to study how to do it; the second is to let the troops pay close attention to training at sea, first learn to swim, and then invite fishermen to drive boats for cadres and soldiers to sail along the coast, gradually get to know the sea, get used to it, and then train Driving a ship. Third, it is suggested to quickly transfer an engineering regiment to the Leizhou Peninsula to build roads. All kinds of material preparations have to be submitted to the logistics department of the Four Fields, and they are asked to solve them quickly. It is suggested to set up a logistics branch in Guangzhou, and set up military stations and hospitals along the way. "

Commander Deng Hua asked me: "Tell me about when you will cross the sea and what kind of vehicle you will use to cross the sea." I said: "When crossing the sea, we think it is most beneficial to use the monsoon. However, the two armies have only recruited a few fishing boats, and the robot boats have not landed yet. I still can't make an accurate suggestion. I am thinking about how to do it." To carry out Chairman Mao’s order to build large machine ships, where should we go? How to carry out this order, I haven’t made up my mind yet.” Commander Deng Hua said: "Your combat department has really used your brains, and all the issues you talked about have hit the point."

Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "I think it is very necessary to send a telegram to the headquarters of Siye, requesting that we send an engineering corps to us and quickly go to Leizhou Peninsula to repair roads. I will contact the Guangdong Provincial Government and ask them to instruct the local governments of the counties on the Leizhou Peninsula. , Send migrant workers to support road construction.” Commander Deng Hua said: "I agree to transfer an engineering regiment to repair the road, and also transfer the engineering battalions of the 44th Army and the 48th Army to speed up the road construction. Yang Di, draft a telegram and report it to the Siye headquarters. Send another telegram to the 44th Army and 48th Army to transfer their engineering battalions to participate in repairing the roads on the Leizhou Peninsula. Please ask Lao Hong to take care of the rear support and other aspects.”

Commander Deng Hua went on to say: "On December 14, 1949, when we received a formal order to command the 15th Corps to attack Hainan Island, we sent a telegram to the Shino Headquarters and the Central Military Commission on December 15. Feng Baiju's troops, the island is big, and there is room for maneuver. It is suggested that small troops should be smuggled into the island during the preparation stage of the battle, and a part of the troops should be transported to the island first, so as to cooperate with the Qiongya column on the island to meet the main force of the corps. Now Chairman Mao has ordered us to Build hundreds of large machine ships, don't rely on the direction of the wind, and transport one army at a time. The Siye headquarters sent Comrade Chen Yi to help buy machine ships. As for those who sneak across the sea in fishing boats (wooden sailboats) with a battalion or a regiment Let’s not give up on the plan. We are now trying to build robotic boats, and at the same time, we need the two armies to continue recruiting fishing boats and send small troops to cross the sea first, which is very beneficial for our army to cross the sea and land on a large scale.”

Political commissar Lai Chuanzhu said: "We can follow the instructions of Chairman Mao and the headquarters of the four fields to build machine ships, and the two armies will also do it. But what if we can't get so many machine ships? Time waits for no one. I agree with Lao Deng Opinion, on the one hand, prepare machine boats; on the other hand, the two armies need to recruit more large fishing boats, and install as many machine boats as they can get. If there are not enough machine boats, they will still use wooden sail fishing boats to cross the sea.” Commander Deng Hua said: "I'm conflicted about these issues. First, we still need to make full use of the favorable conditions on the island to carry out small-scale smuggling first, so as to gain a foothold. With the two main forces, that is, Chairman Mao The 40,000 to 50,000 people ordered by telegram crossed over at one time. The implementation of large-scale crossings and landings is also the implementation of Chairman Mao's order; the second is to build hundreds of machine ships in a short period of time. According to the current situation, it is very difficult Comrade Chen Yi may not be able to solve many robot ships in a short period of time. Third, Chairman Mao asked to solve the Hainan Island problem within spring and summer. Spring and summer means that it can go until June, but the monsoon waits for no one. , we can't drag it until May or June anyway, we have to get ready before April. After the monsoon, there will not be much preparation for the machine boats by then, and the wooden sailboats will not go smoothly, so what should we do? 5. It’s even worse in June. Then we have to wait until the next winter north wind is used, so how can it work.” Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "These issues are very difficult and brain-intensive. Let's look at the development of the situation and the progress of the preparation work, and then determine our combat policy." Commander Deng Hua said: "Okay, let's study it next time. We can send a telegram to the two armies in the spirit of the telegram of Chairman Mao and the chiefs of the four fields. Yang Di, you draft a telegram." This is the telegram sent by the Corps to the 40th Army and the 43rd Army on January 19, 1950: In accordance with the telegrams of Chairman Mao and the heads of the four fields, "For crossing the sea and landing operations, do not rely on the wind direction, but mainly use modified machine ships," and The two armies are required to strive to complete the task of refitting the machine ships in a short period of time. As for crossing the sea in small groups on wooden sailboats to Hainan Island, this is a crucial issue for the early liberation of Hainan Island.From mid-December, 1949, when the Corps was ordered, to the implementation of the first batch of smuggled immigrants in early March, 1950, Deng, Lai, and Hong, the heads of this issue, after continuous research, gradually clarified, and finally made up their minds. It took nearly two months. time. Commander Deng Hua of the 15th Corps, Political Commissar Lai Chuanzhu, and Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi conducted research in the war room after receiving the command of the Electric Order Corps from the Siye Headquarters to attack Hainan Island on December 14, 1949. Commander Deng Hua used to ask me first: "Have you come up with any opinions on how to attack Hainan Island?" I said, "Chief, I just saw the telegram and haven't come up with a mature opinion yet, so I can't say it casually." Political commissar Lai Chuanzhu said: "You, you used to fight in the past, and you gave your opinion before we asked you. You always speak casually in front of us. Now that Commander Deng is asking you formally, you can't speak casually. , now you can just talk about it, it doesn’t matter if it’s wrong.” I immediately said: "When Siye launched the Guangxi campaign, it pointed out that the Bai Chongxi Group should not be allowed to flee to Hainan Island, and that is to consider the next step of liberating Hainan Island. The telegram between the Central Military Commission and Siye Headquarters in October 1949 pointed out that our corps should cooperate The armed forces of the South China Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Guangdong-Guangzhou Column are responsible for the operation of Guangdong Province. Hainan Island is under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. The liberation of Hainan Island is the task of our Corps. At that time, I only thought of two questions: 1. Is it necessary to cross the sea to fight Hainan Island? A new question, we have never fought a battle in the transitional sea, how do we cross it! Where can we get ships; 2, Hainan Island is much larger than Kinmen Island, and there is the Qiongya Column led by our party on the island, which can support our army Crossing the sea. Now I think of ideas, one is to build a boat, and the other is to try to get in touch with the Qiongya column on the island. They are familiar with the situation and will come up with good suggestions for crossing the sea. Deng Hua said: "We are all new to this new issue. The two opinions Yang Di said are reasonable. I have also thought about it over and over again. Our cross-sea combat is different from Sanye's attack on Jinmen Island. We have the most The favorable condition is that there is the Qiongya Column led by Comrade Feng Baiju who has been fighting for a long time on Hainan Island. We must make full use of this most favorable condition. I think that in the process of preparing to cross the sea, we will first organize a small team to sneak across the sea by fishing boat. One is to strengthen the strength of the Qiongya column, and cooperate with them to smash the enemy's "encirclement and suppression"; the other is to support our army's landing when our army implements a large-scale landing, so that it is more sure and can avoid unnecessary losses and setbacks. What are your thoughts and opinions?" I boldly said: "I also have some ideas, can I say it?" Commissar Lai said: "We are working together to study issues, and everyone can speak freely. If you have any ideas, you can express them and give us a reference." Deputy Commander Hong also said: "The three of us are discussing issues. If you want to participate, you can say what you want. Let us listen. What you say makes sense and we can accept it. It doesn't matter what you say is wrong. .” I immediately said: "The commander said just now that we first use fishing boats to send a small team to cross the sea. I think this is indeed a good way, and it can be done. I also thought that they could send the Qiongya column on the island. People smuggle to Leizhou Peninsula from the sea by fishing boats, then we can also send small troops to smuggle to Hainan Island by fishing boats. The Corps has now communicated with Comrade Feng Baiju on the radio. After our troops landed, they quickly took them to the base area on the island. This also strengthened their strength. The smuggling of small groups can also be carried out in batches, first from small to large. Hainan Island is large, with Wuzhishan, and then With our party and our army sticking to the guerrilla base areas, we must make full use of this very favorable condition. Then we will use the main force of the two armies to carry out a large-scale cross-sea landing. Order." Political commissar Lai Chuanzhu said: "I agree with Lao Deng's opinion. It is a good way to make full use of the favorable conditions of our party and army on Hainan Island. It is a good way to send a small team to smuggle in. I agree to try it first and gain experience. I think we can ask the chiefs of the four fields It is suggested that the subordinates should report the situation to the superiors and put forward our opinions for the reference of the superiors, which is in line with the organizational principles.” Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "Hainan Island is so big, and the Qiongzhou Strait is also very wide. There are many fishing boats in the strait. We sent a small team to pretend to be fishermen. Taking advantage of the tide and wind direction, we set up the sails at night, rowed oars, rowed Paddle across the sea. Contact the Qiongya column in advance, and ask them to send troops to the landing area of ​​our army to meet our small troops landing. I think it is possible to try. I also agree to reflect our opinions to the chief of Shino. I think it will take 2 The army quickly recruited fishing boats along the coast and tried to sneak a group of troops across the sea before the lunar calendar, which is the most ideal." Commander Deng Hua said: "We have no experience in how difficult or beneficial it is for small troops to smuggle in. At present, smuggling must be carried out in order to dispel all kinds of doubts and determine the future combat policy more confidently. " Commander Deng Hua went on to say: "This time we have reached a consensus on the issue we discussed. Yang Di, please draft a telegram with the opinions we have studied today and report it to Siye and the Military Commission." This is why at 12:00 on December 15, 1949, Deng, Lai, and Hong of the 15th Corps sent a telegram to Lin Biao, Tan Zheng, Xiao Ke, and the Central Military Commission: In the preparation stage for the battle against Hainan Island, it is planned to "take the method of smuggling small troops, First transport a part of the troops to cooperate with the local armed forces in order to meet the landing of the main force." On January 3, 1950, Lin Biao, Deng Zihui, Tan Zheng, Xiao Ke, and Zhao Erlu called Deng, Lai, and Hong and told Ye Jianying and Fang Fang (Note: Secretary and Deputy Secretary of the Southern Branch of the Communist Party of China): "You may consider sending a small number of troops first. (For example, a battalion), carry a radio, smuggle once, gain experience, and join the guerrillas after arriving at Qiongya to fight guerrillas." "Please also consider whether it may cause the enemy to increase troops to Qiongya." After the Corps received a reply from the Siye headquarters, Deng, Lai, and Hong were very happy. Deng Hua said: "Siye Headquarters has agreed with us to carry out the smuggling of small troops. While we are preparing for crossing the sea, we need the 43rd Army to make preparations for smuggling first, and the 40th Army can also make preparations for smuggling at the same time. Question, send a telegram to Shino Headquarters (i.e. telegram at 20 o'clock on January 4, 1950). At 10 o'clock on January 5, 1950, the head of Shino replied by telegram, stating: "At present, no smuggling has been carried out, and the extent to which smuggling is difficult and beneficial has not yet been discovered. Therefore, smuggling must be carried out at present to break this doubt. Only then will it be easier to determine the future battle with more certainty: "On January 6, the chief of the four fields called Deng, Lai, and Hong: "You can try to send personnel to Hainan Island to join Feng Baiju for reconnaissance." In late January, I received a telegram from the 40th Army, saying: Comrade Feng Baiju, the commander and political commissar of the Qiongya Column on Hainan Island, sent Comrade Fu Zhenzhong, the chief of staff of the column, to lead a small number of comrades to smuggle from the northwest corner of the island to the southwest corner of the Leizhou Peninsula by fishing boat. It is now in the command post of the 40th Army.Comrade Fu Zhenzhong then went to Guangzhou to report the situation on the island and Comrade Feng Baiju's suggestions together with Han Xianchu's deputy commander (and army commander). Deng, Lai, and Hong were very happy after reading this telegram. Hong Xuezhi said: "Comrade Feng Baiju can send a small number of comrades to smuggle across the sea, then we will succeed in carrying out smuggling with small troops." At that time, Commander Deng Hua was in a very comfortable mood, so he started joking.He said, "Big Brother Hong (Note: Refers to Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi) is right, if they can smuggle people, so can we. Now we have a radio contact with Comrade Feng Baiju, and ask them to send troops on the island to meet my smuggling troops. Let's make up our minds and send a regiment of the 43rd Army to carry out smuggling, what do you think?" Lai Chuanzhu and Hong Xuezhi both agreed. Commander Deng Hua said: "The combat meeting will be held in a few days. When Comrade Fu Zhenzhong comes to report on the situation on the island and the leading comrades of the two armies arrive, we will study and confirm with them face to face." In order to hold the combat meeting of the Corps on February 1, before the meeting, Corps Commander Deng Hua, Political Commissar Lai Chuanzhu, Commander Hong Xuezhi, Director of the Political Department Xiao Xiangrong and other leading comrades studied the arrangements for the two-day meeting in the war room. Commander Deng Hua said to me: "Use the results of our research just now and make an arrangement for the two-day meeting schedule." I replied: "I just listened to the research of the chiefs. This meeting is mainly to study and understand the orders and instructions of the Central Military Commission, Chairman Mao and the chiefs of the Four Fields to attack Hainan Island, and the campaign policy determined by the chiefs of the corps. Therefore, I suggest On the morning of the first day of the meeting, please invite Ye Canzuo (Note: Comrade Ye Jianying) to give a speech and give instructions, then listen to Comrade Fu Zhenzhong's report on the situation in Hainan Island, and in the afternoon, listen to the reports from the leaders of the two armies. The commander made a report and announced the campaign policy and combat determination, followed by speeches by the political commissar, deputy commander Hong, and director Xiao; in the afternoon, discuss and understand the intentions of the superiors. Finally, the commander made a brief summary and asked the two armies to study how to execute thouroughly." Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi said: "According to the habit of holding meetings in big cities at the Siye headquarters, starting from Harbin, Chief of Staff Liu Yalou always arranges to watch cultural programs at night. This time the meeting is held in a big city in Guangzhou, and it is the first time for the comrades who come to the meeting In Guangzhou, they have been fighting continuously for several months, and it has been very hard. Let them relax and arrange to watch a show at night. Yang Di, have you arranged it?" I said: "I have also thought about it. I have discussed it with comrades from the Propaganda Department of the Political Department. I plan to watch Pingju (Note: Peking Opera) for two nights. The 44th Army brought a Pingju troupe from the Northeast, and the performance was very good. Everyone will be willing to watch it. Comrades from the Propaganda Department said that the comrades in Guangzhou are going to invite the comrades attending the meeting to watch a Cantonese opera. We have never seen Cantonese opera and cannot understand the words, but it is also very good to invite the comrades in the meeting to open their eyes. .” Political commissar Lai Chuanzhu said: "The arrangement of the two-day meeting is in line with our intention. It is good to have a meeting during the day and watch a play at night." Commander Deng Hua said: "Let's arrange it like this. Yang Di, you are responsible for the specific implementation. It is necessary to hold a good meeting and make the comrades enjoy the show." Because it was just entering the situation at that time, the main purpose was to learn to understand the intentions of the superiors and how to implement them. There was no discussion at the meeting.The two-day Guangzhou meeting was arranged in this way. From February 1 to 2, 1950, the head of the 15th Corps held a combat meeting in the war room of the Guangzhou Corps headquarters with the participation of leaders of the 40th Army, 43rd Army, and Qiongya Column. The Operations Section of the Corps Headquarters plotted the situation map of the enemy and the enemy, the strength of the enemy and the enemy, a comparison table of weapons, and a brief geographical map of military positions for the meeting. Comrade Ye Jianying, secretary of the South China Branch of the Communist Party of China, attended the meeting and made important instructions. Corps commander Deng Hua and political commissar Lai Chuanzhu presided over the meeting. Attending the meeting were: Hong Xuezhi, Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff of the Corps, Xiao Xiangrong, Director of the Political Department, Han Xianchu, Deputy Commander of the 12th Corps and Commander of the 40th Army, Li Zuopeng, Commander of the 43rd Army, Zhang Chiming, Political Commissar, and Ma Baishan, Deputy Commander of the Qiongya Column (coming to Guangzhou after a meeting in Beijing), Fu Zhenzhong, Chief of Staff of the Qiongya Column.I am the Operations Section Chief of the Corps Headquarters, and I attended this meeting as a nonvoting delegate. On the morning of February 1, the combat meeting began.Commander Deng Hua introduced Deputy Commander Ma Baishan of the Qiongya Column and Chief of Staff Fu Zhenzhong to the participating comrades, and extended a warm welcome to them.Then he said that this meeting is to learn and understand the spirit of the Central Military Commission, Chairman Mao Zedong and the heads of the four fields, as well as the instructions of Comrade Ye Jianying, and listen to the introduction of Comrade Qiongya Column and the report of the preparation work of the two army pairs.Study and determine the operational policy of crossing the sea to attack Hainan Island and the preparations for the deployment of the campaign. Comrade Ye Jianying first spoke at the meeting.Combining with the situation at that time, he emphasized that the decisions made by Chairman Mao, the Central Military Commission and the Four Field Headquarters on the rapid liberation of Hainan Island were correct and timely.He said: Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang fled to Taiwan without a stable foothold, and he did not care about Hainan Island and the coastal islands in South China. The enemy troops who fled to Hainan Island were still in shock and had not recovered. It will take some time.The U.S. 7th Fleet mainly operates in the waters near Japan and the Western Pacific Ocean, and also extends to the South my country Sea.Therefore, we have to compete with the enemy for time.Although the sea-crossing operation is a new topic and there are many difficulties, our army is a victorious army and has a fine tradition and style of overcoming any difficulties and hardships.On the island, there are the Party and the Qiongya Column led by Comrade Feng Baiju. They have persisted in the revolutionary struggle for more than 20 years, established a base based on Wuzhi Mountain, and deeply rooted among the people of Hainan Island. With their close cooperation, our army It is a very favorable condition for crossing the sea and landing operations.The party, government and people of Guangdong Province fully support you in your battle, and fully believe that the 40th Army and 43rd Army under the command of the 15th Corps can overcome various difficulties and successfully complete the glorious task of crossing the sea and landing and quickly liberating Hainan Island. Comrade Ye Jianying said: In this combat meeting, we must follow the spirit of several telegram orders and instructions from Chairman Mao, the Central Military Commission, and the Four Fields, and study how to implement them in detail.We must open our minds and study what difficulties our army may encounter in crossing the sea and how to overcome them; we must do a good job in political and ideological work for the ideological problems of cadres and soldiers.Comrade Feng Baiju suggested sending small troops across the sea. I discussed it with the leaders of the Corps and thought it was a good way.How to implement smuggling?Please do your research.Regarding the policy of crossing the sea and the preparations for the campaign, several leading comrades of the 15th Corps and I have studied some ideas and opinions. I will listen to your opinions first, and then invite Comrade Deng Hua to speak. Comrade Ye Jianying finally said: I have discussed with the leaders of the four fields, the division of labor of the main leaders of the 15th Corps: Comrade Deng Hua is determined to be responsible for commanding the cross-sea attack on Hainan Island.Comrade Lai Chuanzhu participated in the work of the South China Branch and the Guangzhou Military and Political Committee in order to coordinate the work of the party, the government and the army and support the various tasks of crossing the sea.Comrade Hong Xuezhi was in charge of clearing out the remnants of the Kuomintang army and bandit forces in Guangdong Province and southern Jiangxi Province, and was preparing to seize the Wanshan Islands outside the Pearl River Estuary to ensure the safety of the Pearl River Delta and stabilize the hearts of the people in Guangzhou. safeguard work. Then, Deputy Commander Hong Xuezhi conveyed to the comrades present that he had gone to Wuhan to report to the headquarters of the Four Fields and Beijing to report to the Central Military Commission, as well as the instructions of the heads of the Four Fields and the Military Commission on crossing the sea. The meeting then heard a briefing by Chief of Staff Fu Zhenzhong of the Qiongya Column on the situation on Hainan Island.We can understand most of the Cantonese Mandarin spoken by Comrade Fu Zhenzhong.In some places we couldn't understand, the political commissar Lai Chuanzhu asked a Guangdong cadre from the Corps to take notes at the meeting to translate the words he didn't understand into Mandarin. Comrade Fu Zhenzhong introduced the struggle of the party organization in Hainan Island under the leadership of Comrade Feng Baiju for 23 years, and now an island-wide people's regime has been established in Hainan Island.The four counties of Baisha, Qiongzhong, Ledong, and Baoting were relatively solid mountainous revolutionary bases based on Wuzhishan, and guerrilla zones were established in all counties along the coast.The Qiongya Column has 3 corps (each corps governs 3 regiments), 1 independent regiment, a total of 10 regiments, with a total strength of about 15,000 people, and there are also county guerrillas.The first corps is active in Changjiang, Baisha, and Danxian areas; the third corps is active in Anding, Chengmai, and Wanning; the fifth corps is active in Ledong and Baoting; the independent group is active in Wenchang and Tanniu.These 1C regiments can be concentrated within 10 to 15 days to respond and cooperate with the People's Liberation Army's landing and truce. Comrade Fu Zhenzhong also reported on the garrison of Hainan Island by the Xueyue Defense Command of the Kuomintang Army, the situation of the enemy troops fleeing from the mainland to Hainan Island, the distribution of enemy troops along the northern coast of Hainan Island, the natural conditions and the conditions of the masses in the coastal harbors and areas convenient for landing ; Regarding the preparations for the preparations for the landing of the army, he mainly talked about the local mass work, intelligence work, militia organization, food preparation, and the situation of the road leading to the base area after the troops landed.Finally, he conveyed two suggestions from Comrade Feng Baiju. The Qiongya column on the island was being "encircled and suppressed" by the Kuomintang army and was in a very difficult situation. He requested: first, to send small troops across the sea to support the Qiongya column in its anti-encirclement and suppression campaign The second is that if the troops cannot be smuggled first, please send cadres to smuggle weapons and ammunition across the sea to support them. Finally, Comrade Fu Zhenzhong expressed affectionately that Comrade Feng Baiju and the party organization, army and people of Hainan Island eagerly hoped that the PLA would cross the sea as soon as possible and liberate Hainan Island quickly. In their speeches, Han Xianchu, deputy commander of the 12th Corps and commander of the 40th Army, Li Zuopeng, commander of the 43rd Army, and Zhang Chiming, political commissar, all stated in their speeches that they would resolutely implement the orders and instructions of Chairman Mao, the Central Military Commission, and the heads of Shino on the rapid liberation of Hainan Island, and agreed with the Corps The chief proposed: organize small-scale smuggling first, gain experience in crossing the sea and landing operations, and increase the strength of the Qiongya column on the island to cooperate and respond to large-scale landings.They also said: The failure of the brother troops to cross the sea to attack Kinmen Island had a greater impact on the cadres of the two armies. After listening to Comrade Fu Zhenzhong's introduction at this meeting, they had a better understanding of the situation on Hainan Island.With the support and support of the party organization on the island, Qiongya column and the masses of the people, the doubts about whether they could gain a firm foothold after landing were completely eliminated, and the confidence in victory was even greater. The leading comrades of the two armies successively reported on the preparations of the two armies after they entered the Leizhou Peninsula and the problems that needed to be resolved.The main points are as follows: 1. In terms of politics and ideology, after the troops accepted the combat mission of liberating Hainan Island, all commanders and fighters were very happy. They believed that Chairman Mao and Chief Shino had entrusted us with the glorious task of fighting the last battle. We are all very proud and honored to have placed a lot of trust in us.This is the mainstream of thinking of cadres and soldiers.However, facing the sea, I had many doubts in my mind, such as: Is it possible to fight across the sea in a wooden sailboat?The sea is "three feet of waves without wind, and one foot of waves with wind and waves." The cadres and soldiers are not familiar with water, and they are afraid of drowning in the sea. They say "this is really the end of the revolution (under the sea)", so they are afraid and suspicious, and dare not go to the sea. , dare not take a wooden sailboat, relying on waiting to take a big machine boat. Both armies agree that this is one of the main issues that the troops need to address together.Effective measures must be taken to remove the doubts existing in the mind, educate all officers and men to strengthen their confidence and courage, establish a fearless revolutionary spirit, dare to go into the sea, dare to fight the wind and waves at sea on wooden sailboats, must overcome the sea, cross the Qiongzhou Strait, and liberate Hainan Island, won the last battle.2. Carry out reconnaissance and observation work. Both armies sent reconnaissance cadres to smuggle across the strait, and established secret maritime contacts with the Qiongya column and the party organizations in the northern coastal counties of Hainan Island; Observation equipment for wind testing, tide water and sea water flow direction; survey the harbors of Leizhou Peninsula, and select harbors and locations suitable for gathering ships or crossing the sea.3. If the army wants to cross the sea, it must take a boat. Without a boat, it cannot cross the sea. They vividly say that "the sea without a boat is not a soldier." Therefore, collecting cross-sea ships and recruiting boatmen and helmsmen is the central task of preparing for the battle.At the beginning, because our army did not understand the situation of the fishermen, and the fishermen did not understand our army, they did not do a good job in the work of the fishermen and their families. In addition, the language barrier, the method was simple, and the method of forced requisition was adopted, so there were not many boats collected. .Now we are changing the method, negotiating with the local governments of counties and districts that have just been established, asking the local governments to come forward, adopting the method of mobilization and hiring, collecting ships and hiring boatmen.4. The troops are stepping up training at sea. Starting from familiarizing themselves with the sea, they learn to swim in the sea, practice sailing on the sea, and explore experience so that cadres and soldiers can overcome seasickness and vomiting and adapt to sailing. Cadres and fighters, conduct sailor training. Both armies pointed out in their reports that the ammunition, supplies, equipment, and summer clothes that the troops lacked have not been replenished. They requested that the logistics supply station line be extended to the Leizhou Peninsula quickly, and suggested that the local government quickly establish and carry out pre-support work. , to assist troops in their preparations. During the meeting, Commander Deng Hua raised the crucial issue of what vehicle to use to cross the sea and when to seize the opportunity to cross the sea. He sought the opinions of the leaders of the two armies and wanted to discuss it at the meeting.However, because the troops entered the Leizhou Peninsula for only one month (arrived at the end of December 1949), they did not fully understand the situation in all aspects. The leading comrades of the two armies pointed out that they needed to carry out in-depth investigation and research with these issues.There was no discussion at the meeting. Political Commissar Lai Chuanzhu and Director Xiao Xiangrong discussed how to do a good job of participating in the cross-sea combat troops.Political and ideological work has spoken.They said: It is necessary to fully affirm the pride of all commanders and fighters in fighting well and winning the last battle and the high fighting spirit of collective heroism, which is the mainstream aspect of the thinking of cadres and soldiers; It is a completely new topic for us, and there will be many difficulties and doubts, which is a normal phenomenon.Party committees and political departments at all levels must carry out targeted, vivid and meticulous ideological work.First of all, we must do a good job in the ideological work of the cadres, resolve the doubts in the cadres' thinking, stimulate the sense of honor of the cadres, and guide the cadres at all levels to concentrate all their energy on actively completing the preparations for crossing the sea.The ideological work of the cadres is done well, and the ideological work of the soldiers is also easy to do.Second, class education must be carried out for the troops to further arouse the class hatred of cadres and soldiers towards the Kuomintang reactionaries and establish the determination to carry the revolution to the end.This "to the end" is not to go to the bottom of the sea, but to go to the extreme end of Hainan Island - Tianya and Haijiao.Through various forms of publicity and education, cadres and soldiers must be encouraged to have the confidence and courage to win the last battle, and the sense of urgency to quickly liberate the class brothers on Hainan Island should be enhanced. At the same time, we must solve inexperienced and innumerable problems from practice as soon as possible, so as to truly build up the confidence and courage to win.Therefore, it is necessary to set off an upsurge of large-scale military training at sea, extensively carry out the military democracy movement of "making ideas and finding solutions", mobilize cadres and soldiers to worship the people as teachers, and sincerely seek advice and learn from veteran boatmen.Practice the skills of crossing the sea, help and learn from each other, exchange experiences, and publicize the typical characters and deeds of "a man with high art and courage".Every regiment or battalion must do a good job in the pilot work and promote it after gaining experience.各级政治工作干部都要深入到连队中去，和战士一起与大海搏斗，在征服大海的实践中起带头、表率作用。 赖政委还说：关于大举渡海登陆进攻的时机和用什么运载工具渡海等问题，大家都是刚刚接触到的新问题，我们要带着这些新课题，在实践中加深认识，是会得到完满解决的。兵团根据上级的意图和现在了解的情况，初步确定了这次渡海作战的指导思想和作战方针，以后根据对情况的深入了解和情况的变化，我们的方针和计划是可以修正、改变的。这是符合毛泽东军事思想的。 会议结束前，第15兵团首长进行了研究并请示叶剑英同志后，于2月2日下午，由邓华司令员作了会议总结。 邓华司令员首先肯定了这次会议开得很好，充分发扬了民主，做到了各抒已见，集思广益。他指着敌我态势图，比较详细地讲解了敌情。他说：国民党军逃到海南岛后。由薛岳组成的“海南岛防卫总司令部”，辖5个军(第4、32、62、63、64军)共16个师，加上军官教导师、暂编13师、保安2、3旅等共有20个师，另加宪兵3个团(第1、2、3团)、税警团、保安团等共73个团。还有琼北、琼南两个要塞纵队。薛岳将这些部队编为一、二、三、四路军、进行环岛防御和分区守备。薛岳控制5个半师作为战役预备队。 敌人的防御重点在海岛北部的海峡正面及其两侧，在这一地区内便于我登陆的沿海各个要点，都构筑了野战工事、支撑点和设置了部分水上障碍。敌海军第3舰队，共有舰艇50艘，其中驱逐舰、护卫舰、驱潜舰等作战舰艇约20艘。其任务主要是担任封锁海峡和环岛巡逻。但敌海军没有打过仗，很怕死。敌空军有4个大队，共有各型飞机45架。主要是轰炸、扫射我雷州半岛各港口，破坏、袭击我海上训练和船只集结，袭扰广州和湛江至徐闻的公路运输线，侦察和破坏我军的战役准备工作。 邓华司令员对敌情作了精辟的分析。他说：薛岳是国民党中的死硬派，指挥能力较强，他对海南岛守敌有相当的控制能力，较快地将逃到岛上的残敌进行了整编和组织岛上的防御。薛岳妄图凭借10万军队，加上四面环海，又有海、空军优势等有利条件，固守海南岛。他吹嘘海南岛建立的是“立体防御”、“固若金汤”，并以他的字命名为“伯陵防线”。但是，守敌大多是在大陆上遭到我军歼灭或严重打击后，逃到海南岛的残兵败将拼凑起来的部队，他们惊恐未定，立足未稳，兵员不足，斗志涣散，内部派系斗争复杂，国民党中央军、广东军阀余汉谋部，陈济棠部及当地地方军之间矛盾很多。 5个军中只有牛央军第32军尚有2万余人，其余各军兵力只有1万人左右。他们逃到岛上的时间还不长，布防在环岛1200公里的海防线上，因此，海防工事构筑不坚固，永久性工事还未来得及构筑，沿海空隙甚多。敌空军人员贪生怕死，很怕我军的高射炮火，敌海军则缺少作战经验。总的来说，敌军士气低落，战斗力不强，薛岳还没有料想到我军会很快组织渡海登陆进攻。 从我方来看，我军渡海兵团的2个军，都是四野的主力，兵员充足，装备齐整，士气高昂，加上配属的部队，总兵力达10万人，还有岛上琼崖纵队约15000人。我军是胜利之师，指战员有高度的阶级觉悟和很强的战斗意志，有丰富的作战经验，能够战胜任何困难，这就从气势上压倒了敌人；加之，我以集中兵力进攻分散防守之敌，这就使我在登陆地段上，与敌人兵力对比占有优势；特别是岛上有我党冯白驹同志领导的琼崖纵队相接应，又有人民群众的支援，这就为我军胜利登陆作战、迅速解放海南岛，奠定了很有利的基础。 邓华司令员在讲了兵团党委分析我军的困难和需要解决的问题后说：遵照上级的意图和对各方面情况的分析，兵团认为：海南岛上有国民党军10余万人，如果首先就采取大规模登陆，速战速决的方针，则需要很多的机帆船，改装费用会很大，也很难在几个月内完成，毛主席要求我们一次要渡一个军，时间可以在春夏两季解决海南岛问题，但我们绝不能因此而放松准备工作。 邓华司令员说：我们考虑，渡海作战与陆地作战不同。陆地作战搞不好还可以整顿部队重来，渡海作战搞不好就会有全军覆灭的危险，因此必须慎重从事。既要英勇果敢，又要稳扎稳打。必须实事求是，因时因地采取得力措施，并准备以必要的代价，克服敌机敌舰和茫茫大海的阻拦，使部队顺利登陆，才能大量消灭敌人，取得渡海作战的胜利，这就是我们作战的指导思想。 兵团决定采取的作战方针是，积极准备，首先以小部队乘坐木帆渔船进行偷渡，加强琼崖纵队的力量，改变岛上的形势，破坏敌人的防御准备，为大举登陆创造有利条件。尔后以两军主力实施强行渡海登陆作战。至于如何偷渡，待会议后，将我们的决心及实施方法与步骤，请示四野总部和中央军委批准后，再电令你们执行。 邓华司令员说：在战役准备阶段，实施小部队分批偷渡。小规模偷渡主要乘木帆船，在海上可以伪装成打渔船，从海南岛两侧敌人防御薄弱地段乘隙偷渡登陆。由琼崖纵队派部队接应偷渡部队。只要登陆成功，就是胜利。因为海南岛是个大岛，回旋活动的余地大，又有岛上的党的组织、琼崖纵队和人民群众的支援、帮助，可以迅速进到我根据地内。 所以，兵团坚信小规模偷渡是可以成功的。要求43军先准备一个加强团，加紧收集船只，雇请船工，加强海上训练，争取在一个月左右时间内作好准备，预定3月上旬实施第一批小规模偷渡，40军也应准备一个加强团，参加偷渡。2个军选择登陆地点时，应请教琼崖纵队同志选择那些登陆地点最好。登陆地点和登陆时间确定后，报兵团批准。兵团即电告琼纵作好准备，适时接应偷渡登陆部队。偷渡的准备工作要特别注意保密，才能出奇制胜。 邓华司令员说：由于沿海渔船有的被逃跑的国民党军抓去了，有的被各地渔霸带着逃跑了，在短时间内收集大量的船只有困难。遵照毛主席关于在几个月内装置几百个大海船的机器，争取于春夏两季内解决海南岛问题的指示，四野总部已派后勤部政委陈沂同志到广州与华南分局研究商量，准备设法去香港购买发动机和登陆艇。因此，大举登陆的载运工具重点放在改装机帆船和购置登陆艇上。 买发动机和登陆艇需要一定时间，为此，兵团遵照毛主席的电令，决定将大举登陆准备的时间推迟到5月底准备完毕，6月大举渡海进攻海南岛。但是，两军不要因为渡海准备时间推迟而放松准备工作，参战部队要抓紧时间搞好海上大练兵，落实兵团提出的“把陆军练成海军陆战队”的战斗号召。两军都要组织人员与当地气象台站合作，了解掌握琼州海峡的气象和海水潮汐、流向的情况，研究分析找出其规律来。还要强调一下，就是要抓紧搞好雇请船工和收集船只的工作，这是关系到我军能不能迅速渡海作战的重大问题，也是一项政策性很强的工作。 邓华司令说：我军绝大多数是东北人，听不懂广东方言，当地干部与人民群众也听不懂东北话，因此，要请地方党、政机关多帮助。兵团已建议四野后勤部迅速在北海、湛江、海康、徐闻开设兵站。为了便于与岛上琼崖纵队取得联系，及时互通情况，协调渡海登陆作战有关事宜，除了兵团和2个军与琼崖纵队沟通电台联络外，请琼纵马白山副司令员和符振中参谋长商量，请你们派琼纵干部到两个军前指(注：40军前指设在徐闻西南第118师师部，43军前指设在徐闻东南第127师师部)，以便与琼纵协调偷渡计划的实施。 邓华司令说：最后，还着重说几句：我们渡海时间虽然推迟了2个月，但各军准备工作一点也不能放松，我们要尽一切努力争取提前渡海登陆作战。 这次作战会议开的很好，很正常，因为兵团和2个军的主要领导导同志，还只经过一个月(1950年1月)的准备工作，刚进入渡海作战准备。而且，毛泽东主席与四野首长对渡海进攻海南岛作战，已有几次电报指示。会议听取了符振中同志对海南岛上的情况介绍，和2个军进入雷州半岛后的情况汇报后，主要讨论和研究如何领会、贯彻执行中央军委、毛泽东主席和四野首长的电令、指示。没有发生木帆船与机器船(或机帆船)两种意见之争。 会议后，兵团首长邓华、赖传珠、洪学智来到作战室。 邓华司令员说：“这次会议我们初步确定了渡海进攻海南岛的战役方针，2个军的领导同志也都表示了同意这个方针。现在我们要抓紧几件事：一是搞船，陈沂同志就要来了，看能不能到香港买到机器和船。老洪，请你具体负责抓这项工作；二是组织小部队偷渡问题，要求43军抓紧征集船只，争取能搞到偷渡一个团的船只；40军要从北海、钦州那儿征集船只，可能困难大些，要他们也准备偷渡一个加强营，这要看他们征集船只的情况再定，三是迅速掌握琼州海峡的气象，潮汐、海水流向情况，这对于我们最后定下偷渡的决心很重要，四是抓紧海上练兵。杨迪，你们现在要集中全部力量抓这几件事，有问题随时向我们报告。我们三个人还是每天到作战室来研究情况，商量问题。” 洪学智副司令说：“陈沂同志这两天就到广州来，我陪他到叶剑英同志那儿去找华南分局，协商怎么到香港买机器的事。刚才邓华同志讲的几件事都很重要，要抓紧准备偷渡，符振中同志能偷渡过来，我们也一定能偷渡过去。我们要争取2月底或3月初实行偷渡，杨迪，你和侦察科的同志密切合作，抓好邓司令讲的几件事。” 赖传珠政委说：“同意你们刚才说的几件事。干部、战士思想中的顾虑，只有从海上练兵中来解决，让他们接触过去从来没有接触过的大海，迅速认识大海，适应大海，进而征服大海，才能乘风破浪实行偷渡。我要政治部派工作组到2个军去，和他们一道在训练中来解决干部、战士的思想问题。” 我说：“首长们讲的问题，我一定组织力量坚决贯彻执行。我考虑到还有一个问题需要解决。” 邓华司令问：“什么问题？说出来听听。” 我说：“从两军军长的汇报中，他们说，现在127师、118师收集了一些渔船，在雷州半岛沿海乘船训练时，曾遭到敌人海军巡逻舰艇的炮击，也遭到敌人飞机的低空侦察扫射。因此，我建议：一、请四野总部调一个加农榴炮团到雷州半岛，在半岛南端海岸选择阵地控制琼州海峡，海峡正面即海口以西至临高角正面宽有30至50公里，加农榴炮最大射程可达15公里，我军可以用炮火控制海峡中线以北海面，使敌海军不敢肆意靠近我雷州半岛沿海来炮击我军船只。二、请求调一个高射炮兵团到雷州半岛，使敌人的飞机不敢毫无顾忌地在我军上空侦察、扫射和轰炸，以保护我加农榴炮团阵地和沿海乘船训练部队的安全。” 邓华司令说：“我同意这两条建议。杨迪，你即写一份电报，报四野总部请求调一个加农榴炮团和一个高射炮团到雷州半岛参战。总部同意调来后，你即要两个团的团长到兵团司令部来一趟，由你向他们交待任务与部队如何部署。” 邓华司令接着对我说：“你把兵团这次作战会议的情况及我们确定的战役作战方针，起草一份电报，报告四野总部和中央军委，请上级批示。” 电报是1950年2月9日以兵团邓、赖、洪发给四野总部和中央军委、毛泽东主席的。主要内容是：岛上有敌军10万，如果只采取大规模登陆速决的方针，所需机帆船更多，改装费用更大，舵手、船工、领航人员亦非半年内所能同时办到。另一方面岛上有冯白驹的配合，有我根据地，回旋余地亦大，只要我们能渡海登陆上去，哪怕小部队，都可打游击，以增强岛上力量。因此，我们采取积极偷渡，分批小渡，与最后大举登陆相结合的战役方针。以43军准备一个团先行偷渡过海，40军如准备来得及，亦可以一个团寻机先行偷渡过海。 四野总部接到兵团的请示电报后，即于2月10日转报中央军委和毛泽东主席(注：此时毛泽东、周恩来仍在苏联莫斯科)。四野首长提出：“海南岛作战，我军如一次以一个军登陆，则船只问题极难解决，同时又无法对付敌之海空军扰乱。因此，建议在此期间内，先行以偷渡办法，到达海南岛后即与冯白驹部会合，打小规模的运动战和游击战。然后大部队再设法渡海。……我们同意43军1个团先行渡海，亦同意其他部队寻机渡海登陆。” 毛泽东主席的复电非常迅速，于1950年2月12日即复电：“同意43军1个团先行渡海，其他部队继续分批寻机渡海，此种办法如有效，即可提早解放海南岛。” 四野首长遵照毛泽东主席的电示，于1950年2月16日致电李作鹏、张池明(注：43军军长、政委)、韩先楚、袁升平(注：40军军长、政委)并第15兵团：“我军须利用海南岛有根据地和游击队的条件，采取偷渡的办法，逐步增加兵力，与冯白驹会合作战，逐步歼灭和瓦解敌人，然后配合正式登陆。”“盼你们根据具体情况，详细严密组织偷渡的动作，每次偷渡的兵力、时机、方法等均由你们机动规定之。” 第15兵团渡海进攻海南岛的战役方针，就这样被中央军委、毛泽东主席和四野首长批准同意了。