Chapter 18 Appendix 1: Monthly Table of Important Events in the Qamdo Campaign and a Briefing on the Qamdo Campaign of the Southwest Military Region

Monthly Table of Important Events in the Battle of Qamdo 1950 January Chairman Mao Zedong wrote to the Party Central Committee, Peng Dehuai, Deng Xiaoping, Liu Bocheng, and He Longdian, saying: "Tibet has a small population, but its international status is extremely important." The task of marching into and managing Tibet should be determined by the Southwest Bureau."The telegram asked the Southwest Bureau to determine the troops to enter Tibet and the responsible cadres leading the management of Tibet, and also put forward specific opinions on various preparations for the Southwest Bureau to organize the march into Tibet.

On the 1st, Commander Liu Bocheng of the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping ordered Zhang Guohua, Commander of the Eighteenth Army, and one person in charge of each division to rush to Chongqing to accept the new task of marching into Tibet and liberating Tibet. On the 8th, Erye sent a telegram to the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao to confirm that the 18th Army would be responsible for the task of entering Tibet. On the 10th, Commander Zhang Guohua and others went to Chongqing.At that time, the 52nd Division of the 18th Army was in the area of ​​Jianwei, Wutongqiao, Niuhuaxi, and Xinglongchang; the 53rd Division was in the Longchang area; the 18th Army was directly near Zigong.

On the 21st, the Second Field Command formulated the preparations and implementation plan for entering Tibet, and established the Marching Support Command with Chang Binggui, deputy commander of the 18th Army, as the commander.In terms of material preparation, more than 400 vehicles were taken from the cars captured in the Chengdu Battle, together with the cars mobilized by various corps, for road transportation; 1,000 mules and horses were mobilized by various armies for small road transportation from Ganzi to Lhasa; the food needed All raised by western Sichuan; Wanjin biscuits supplied by Chongqing.

On the 22nd, the central government sent a telegram to the Southwest Bureau about "measures for resettling the Panchen Lama". On the 27th, the 18th Army held a 3-day enlarged meeting of the party committee in Leshan, and agreed on a plan to enter Tibet. Chen Zizhi was appointed as the commander of the advance team into Tibet, and Chen Jingbo was the political commissar, with two battalions of engineers and reconnaissance. , to raise supplies (later, the ministry was blocked from reaching Ya'an and merged into the former). February On the 1st, the Party Committee of the Eighteenth Army issued an instruction to march into Tibet. On the 3rd, the advance detachment set off from Leshan. On the 6th, the Southwest Bureau and the Second Field sent a telegram to the Central Committee about "sending additional cavalry from the northwest to enter Tibet via Qinghai-Tibet Road and Xinzang Road, and leave the enemy's side to achieve the effect of a joint attack."Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for the troops entering Tibet: Accepting and completing the most difficult tasks given by the party is the supreme glory of every Communist and every revolutionary soldier.The 52nd Division held a meeting of activists above the division and company level. Commander Wu Zhong conveyed the order to march into Tibet, and Commander Zhang Guohua made a mobilization report titled "March into Tibet and Consolidate National Defense". On the 12th, the advance detachment into Tibet arrived in Ya'an.Erye ordered the 54th Division to wipe out the bandits in Qionglai and Mingshan to ensure the safety of the line of communication into Tibet. On the 14th, the advance detachment reported the route to Tibet and the preliminary opinions on the march to the wild division. On the 15th, the Southwest Bureau and the Second Field issued a political mobilization order for the liberation of Tibet. On the 18th, bandits trapped Mingshan County, and the 62nd Army was ordered to stop entering Kang to suppress the bandits. On the 19th, the materials for entering Tibet were transported to the army, and Zhang Guohua went to Chongqing to study the problem of entering Tibet.Commander Liu Bocheng wrote an inscription for the troops entering Tibet: carefully study the material and ideological living conditions of Tibetan compatriots, and earnestly implement the common program and ethnic policies. On the 22nd, the Southwest Military Region was formally established, with He Long as commander and Deng Xiaoping as political commissar. On the 26th, in view of the fact that the bandit riots in western Sichuan affected the military operations into Tibet, the Southwest Military Region decided to deploy all the western Sichuan troops on both sides of the Chengdu (Double) and Ya'an highways and Xinjin and Meishan areas to suppress the bandits in one month, and then proceed into Tibet. On the 27th, the Southwest Military Region sent a telegram to Master Zhiqing to talk about the situation in Kangzang, asking the troops entering Tibet to familiarize themselves with the social conditions and people's conditions in Tibet as soon as possible.

March On the 2nd, the Central Military Commission called the Southwest Military Region: The 18th Army's plan to enter Tibet should not be delayed slightly. "On the 14th, the Eighteenth Army decided to set up a forward command post. It was decided that while the main force was suppressing the bandits, the 154th Regiment and the 157th Regiment would be drawn from the 52nd and 53rd Divisions to form an advance team, and they would enter Ganzi and Pakistan respectively. An area. The army pointed to advance to Kangding and implement unified command." On the 16th, the army made the "Preliminary Plan for Marching". On the 25th, the advance troops into Tibet—the May 4th Regiment and the Military Engineering Battalion—held a swearing-in meeting at Wutongqiao and Zhugentan and then moved to Leshan. On the morning of the 29th, Wu Zhong, commander of the 52nd Division, led his division Qianzhi and the 154th Regiment to march from Leshan to Xinjin.The Eighteenth Army pointed forward.

April On the 1st, the front finger of the 53rd Division led the 157th Regiment to set off. On the 3rd, the 52nd Division issued the "Advanced Detachment Marching Order". On the 14th, the Southwest Military Region called the 42nd Division of the 14th Army in the direction of Yunnan, and entered Tibet along the Yarlung Zangbo River from Yunnan to detour Lhasa... You (referring to Yunnan) should order the 126th Regiment and the 3 supply regiments to eliminate all difficulties and continue Follow the previously specified route.There should be no hesitation.The Fourteenth Army replied: The 126th Regiment is actively preparing in Lijiang. On the 20th, the Eighteenth Army issued a work instruction, requiring further preparations for entering Tibet in conjunction with the suppression of bandits. At noon on the 21st, all the Eighteenth Army arrived in Xinjin. On the 24th, the front finger of the army arrived in Kangding. On the 28th, the 52nd Division moved forward to Garze.

May On the 5th, the 52nd Division pointed out that the troops had run out of food, but the airdrops had not been completed, and it was difficult to collect food. They were mobilizing the troops to dig wild vegetables, field mice, and catch sparrows to satisfy their hunger. On the 6th and 7th, our air force dropped 46,124 catties of grain and 500 tents in Kangding and Ganzi respectively.The Southwest Military Region decided to march into Tibet in two stages: (1) Liberate Qamdo; (2) Liberate Lhasa, Shigatse and other places.Put forward the slogan of political march into Tibet. On the 12th, the Party Committee of the Advance Detachment of the 52nd Division issued the "Order for the Construction of Ganzi Airport". On the 16th, the front finger of the 52nd Division and the 2nd Battalion of the 154th Regiment entered Deng Ke on the bank of the Jinsha River. On the 24th, the Eighteenth Army gave the advance detachment: work instructions: - The advance troops stationed in Dege and Dengke should not cross the Jinsha River at present, and should attack Qamdo in a covert attempt.

June On the 5th, the Eighteenth Army issued its deployment advice for the Qamdo Campaign to the advance detachments of the 52nd and 53rd Divisions and the army. On the 6th, the army held an enlarged meeting of the party committee. 14:00: The advance detachment of the 53rd Division marched westward from Tianquan. On the 10th, Lalu Kalon stationed in Qamdo sent a letter to the advance detachment of the 52nd Division to contact the advance detachment, and first sent a letter in accordance with the ten spirits stipulated by the central government. On the 12th, the advance detachment of the 53rd Division arrived in Kangding. On the 18th, the Southwest Military Region sent a telegram: agreeing and approving the deployment of the Qamdo Campaign. On the 21st, the 53rd and 54th Divisions of the Military Electronics also reported to the Southwest Military Region: advance the marching time and stipulate the departure date of each regiment. At 10 o'clock on the 23rd, the reconnaissance platoon of the 154th Regiment of the advance detachment contacted the Tibetan cavalry 20 kilometers away from Deng Kexi, and killed 60 people under the enemy's agent Daiben and Jiaben, and had a preliminary understanding of the combat characteristics of the Tibetan army. On the 24th, the army sent a telegram to Commander Wu Zhong and the front of the army: In order to show my political sincerity in fighting for Tibet, and to allow the Lhasa rulers time to consider various policies I proposed, the troops west of the Jinsha River should withdraw to the east bank of the river as soon as possible. On the 26th, it was determined that the 54th Division would not enter Tibet this year.

July On the 12th, the leading battalion of the 126th Regiment of Yunnan entered Deqin, and the Heqing-Deqin depot was completed.The first army to enter Tibet consisted of an independent cavalry division (4,500 people) and a camel regiment from the second army, and built roads and trained in Khotan. On the 20th, the army pointed to Ganzi. On the 24th, the Qinghai cavalry detachment of the northern line into Tibet arrived in Yushu. On the 30th, the vanguard battalion of the 157th regiment entered the city of Ba'an and held a meeting ceremony with comrades working underground. August On the 11th, the army held a meeting of cadres above the department director to study the combat plan for the Qamdo campaign. On the 18th, the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao Zedong approved the "Southwest Bureau's Implementation Plan for the Battle of Qamdo", and instructed the Southwest Military Region: (1) whether the road from Ganzi to Qamdo can be opened to traffic with the speed of the army's attack, (2) whether Qamdo can build an airport, and whether it is suitable for airdrops; (3) whether one division is enough to attack Qamdo, the Tibetan side seems to have quite strong combat effectiveness and must be prepared. On the 21st, the army issued an order to liberate Qamdo. On the 25th, the 52nd Division boarded a car at Meishan and marched towards Tibet. At 7 o'clock on the 26th, Zhang Guohua led the first batch of personnel from the military organization and the supplies needed by the advance detachment to set off from Xinjin in 21 trucks.The Southwest Military Region issued the "Basic Order of the Qamdo Campaign". On the 29th, the advance detachment of the Xinjiang Independent Cavalry Division set off from Khotan, crossed the Kunlun Mountains, traveled 640 kilometers, and entered the Gaize area of ​​Tibet. On the 30th, Chairman Mao Zedong telegraphed the Southwest Bureau and the Southwest Military Region: They decided to purchase 30 high-altitude transport planes to support the entry into Tibet, and asked the army to rush to repair Ganzi Airport. On the 31st, Zhang Guohua arrived in Kangding and received a warm welcome.

September On the morning of the 2nd, the 155th regiment set off from Xinjin by car. On the 5th, Zhang Guohua led the main force to Ganzi to join the army.Open the party in the evening. On the morning of the 6th, the 156th Regiment (owed to the 2nd Battalion) set off from Xinjin by car. On the 11th, the army reported the deployment of the Qamdo campaign to the Southwest Military Region. On the 20th, the army issued eight combat orders for the Qamdo Campaign. On the 23rd, the 154th Regiment arrived in Baili from Ganzi. On the 24th, the 52nd Division and the 55th Regiment set off from Ganzi to Baili. On the 26th, Wang Qimei, deputy political commissar of the army, led the 1st Division of the Front Commander and the Artillery Company of the 54th Division from Ganzi to Dege. All the northern troops of the Qamdo Campaign left Ganzi and assembled.Premier Zhou Enlai wrote an inscription for the representatives of the 18th Army participating in the National Heroes and Models Congress in Beijing: Struggle for the liberation of Tibet. On the 29th, all the troops on the southern front (two platoons owed by the 157th Regiment) arrived in Ba'an. On the 30th, the Southwest Military Region issued a telegram on the key points of combat guidance for the Qamdo Campaign.

October On the 4th, the Political Department of the Southwest Military Region issued a political work instruction to the troops participating in the war: - The May Fourth Regiment arrived at Deng Ke.The 52nd Division issued Kang Zhan Zi No. 3 order in Deng Ke. On the 5th, Deputy Political Commissar Wang Qimei and her party arrived in Dege.The Yunnan 126th Regiment occupied Mengong. On the 6th, all the fifty-two divisions arrived in Deng Ke, and preparations for crossing the river were completed.The 154th Regiment crossed the Jinsha River. On the 7th, the leading company of the Qinghai cavalry detachment arrived at Nangqian. On the 8th, the 155th Regiment crossed the river.In the evening, the 3rd Battalion of the 157th Regiment on the southern line successfully crossed from the front of Niugudu. On the 9th, the 156th Regiment crossed the river, and the 3rd Battalion of the 157th Regiment crossed the river from Zhubalong, and wiped out most of the enemy's armor (company). On the 10th, various troops attacked the enemy in depth. On the 12th, more than 300 people from the ninth generation Bengesang Wangdui Department stationed in Tranquility announced an uprising.One British spy, Ford, was captured. On the 13th, the 52nd Division ordered the 156th Regiment and the 3rd Battalion of the 155th Regiment to quickly pursue the enemy who fled from Guode. On the 16th, South Road: The 157th Regiment departed from Tranquility, went out of Bangda Basu to break the enemy and fled to the southwest; Middle Road: the vanguard of the 155th Regiment crossed the Zhaqu River and marched towards Dongdong Zhuka, and the 156th Regiment passed through the clothes Quka rushed towards Qamdo; right: rushed towards Leiwuqi; left: military industry and reconnaissance battalions were attacked by Zuhu. On the 17th, the two battalions of military industry and reconnaissance fought fiercely with the enemy in the southwest of Zuhu for an hour, and wiped out 111 enemies; the 154th regiment occupied Jiazangka Bridge; The regiment took the lead in occupying Zhuka in Dongdong; the forerunner battalion of the 156th regiment fought fiercely with the enemy in Xiaowula in two generations. On the 19th, the 154th Regiment captured Enda and cut off the retreat route of the enemy fleeing westward to Lhasa; Ngapoi Kalon led the third, eighth, tenth, and fourth generations of 2,600 people to retreat from Qamdo to Basu, and the 156th Regiment liberated Qamdo; The two investigation battalions entered Qamdo City; the 155th regiment entered the eastern suburbs of Qamdo. On the 20th, the 52nd Division issued the Kangzhanzi No. 5 order, ordering various ministries to clean up and suppress. On the 21st, at 20:00, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme Kalon, the deputy governor of Qamdo of the Tibetan Army, led the 3rd, 8th, and 10th grades and the 2nd, 4th, and 6th grades, a total of 2,700 people, in the south of Qamdo. At 25 kilometers, Zongyishan surrendered all weapons and equipment to the motherland. On the 23rd, the Southwest Military Region issued a commendation telegram: Celebrate the annihilation of 5,738 enemies by the troops entering Tibet, and strive for the Ninth Generation Uprising and the liberation of Qamdo and other places. On the 25th and 26th, Deputy Political Commissar Wang Qimei led the First Commander of the Army, and Wu Zhong, the commander of the 52nd Division, arrived in Qamdo successively.Ngapoi and the civil and military officials above the platoon of the Tibetan Army returned to Qamdo with Li Ming, Chief of Staff of the 52nd Division. On the 28th, the first batch of 50 loads of grain arrived in Qamdo. November On the 1st, a meeting was held to celebrate the victory of the Qamdo Battle. On the 11th, the condolences group of the Southwest Military Region arrived in Ganzi. On the 12th, the Eighteenth Army discussed the division of troops for winter deployment. On the 17th, "People's Daily" published an editorial: "The Chinese People's Liberation of Tibet is Non-Interference". On the 28th, Ganzi Airport started construction. 1951 In May, Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out that while marching, production is at the same time.Politics is more important than military affairs, and supplies are more important than combat. On the 23rd, the negotiations on the peaceful liberation of Tibet held a signing ceremony in Beijing.In the afternoon, Chairman Mao Zedong instructed that when considering any issues in Tibet, ethnicity and religion must first be considered, and all work must be done carefully and steadily. On the 25th, Chairman Mao Zedong issued an order to march into Tibet, ordering troops entering Tibet from Sichuan, Qinghai, and Xinjiang to enter Tibet in a combat-ready posture, and troops from Yunnan to Zayu. On July 25, Wang Qimei, commander and political commissar of the advance detachment of the 18th Army, led a team with Ngapoi and others to march from Qamdo to Lhasa. On August 8, General Zhang Jingwu, the representative of the Central People's Government in Tibet, arrived in Lhasa. On September 29, the 3rd Battalion of the 154th Regiment was ordered to rush to Lhasa. At 16:00 on October 26, the 18th Army and the 154th Regiment held an entry ceremony in Lhasa. They were welcomed by representatives of the Tibetan local government, the three major monasteries, and more than 10,000 monks and laymen. At the end of November, the 154th regiment successively entered the important towns of Shigatse and Gyantse.So far, Tibet has declared its peaceful liberation. Briefing on the Chamdo Campaign of the Southwest Military Region (—) Before the war, there were more than 4,000 Tibetan regular troops and more than 3,000 militiamen in the Qamdo area.A total of about 8,000 people.Its main force is placed on the Shengda, Jiangda, and Tongpu Leiwu lines around Qamdo in order to prevent our advance, and part of it is placed in Ningjing, Yanjing, Bitu, and Mengong areas.In order to annihilate the main force of the above-mentioned Tibetan army and occupy the Qamdo area, so as to create favorable conditions for the liberation of the whole of Tibet next year: a total of more than 20,000 people from the cavalry detachment of the 18th Army and the Qinghai Navy Region and the 14th Army will carry out the battle of Qamdo Task.Tactically, we strive to encircle and annihilate the enemy's main force in Qamdo and the area east of it with roundabout and outflanking actions. Specific deployment: All the 52 divisions of the 18th Army will cross the river from Dengke, and one regiment, together with the cavalry detachment dispatched from Yushu, will go through Leiwuqi and Enda to cut off the enemy's retreat to the west and northwest.The main force of the division went straight to Qamdo through Deng Kenan via Shengda and Dongsong Chuka.The 2nd Battalion of 18th Army Investigators crossed the river from Dege to the west and attacked Qamdo from the front.The 57th Regiment, one of the 53rd Divisions, crossed the river from Ba'an to encircle and annihilate the peaceful enemy, and then the main force went out to Bangda and Basu to cut off the enemy's southwest escape route in Changdu.A regiment of the 42nd Division of the 14th Army was dispatched from Gongchuan and Deqin in Yunnan to wipe out the enemies in the Mengong, Bishi, and Yanjing areas.Then feint to the northwest.All the above-mentioned troops started their operations on October 6th and 7th according to the predetermined plan, defeated the enemy along the way, and fought for the Ninth Generation Uprising in Tranquility, and arrived in the Qamdo area from October 19th to 21st. ... The campaign ended on October 25th.The initial results of the battle totaled more than 5,700 enemies, and a part of the remnant enemy fled westward to the Lolongzong and Bianba areas. It turned out that the part of our 154th regiment was wiped out in Lolongzong on November 12 with a long-range raid. It is planned to capture more than 30 people under Benpulongsha, the seventh generation of the enemy, and immediately occupy the area. (2) Before the war, I estimated that the enemy forces may have three changes after the start of the battle, namely: (1) Shrink the troops to guard the main points and fight fiercely with me; (2) dispatching scuffle guerrillas on the spot; (3) When it is found that our strength is strong, use one part to stick to the main points, gradually prevent our advance, and cover the main force to retreat, and the possibility of the latter is the greatest.Therefore, on the one hand, I only use one of the two wings to encircle and cut off the enemy's retreat. On the other hand, I have all the troops make timely maneuvers to adapt to the situation, quickly and surely seize the enemies in the relevant areas, and capture and annihilate them one by one at the same time. When it is detected that the enemy is retreating, it should be pursued swiftly and bravely regardless of fatigue. According to the evolution of the battle situation, the above estimation and operational policy are correct.Although the Qamdo defenders had the intention of doing their best to defend the enemy, they lacked a comprehensive and careful battle plan (the Ninth Generation of Tranquility lost contact with Qamdo before the start of the battle). At the beginning, they fought separately, and then fled westward in a hurry. In addition, the Tibetan army was corrupt. Most of the soldiers are veterans of 20 to 30 years. The gap between officers and soldiers is very deep.Because our army is generally able to actively pursue regardless of fatigue: especially the right-wing troops (cavalry detachment and the 154th regiment of the 52nd Division) displayed the spirit of advancing bravely, and were able to cut off the enemy's retreat in a timely manner and achieve the desired results. The results of the battle have a great effect on the victory of the entire battle. However, in the battle, there are also individual units that did not follow the above principles, and some lost opportunities and suffered undue losses due to fatigue.For example, the leading battalion of the 156th regiment came into contact with more than 400 Tibetan militiamen in the suburbs of Guode (more than 200 miles southwest of Deng Ke) on the 12th. Moving forward to make the enemy escape, the Ministry originally decided to rush to Shengda within three days, but it was delayed for two days.The 2nd Battalion of 18th Army Investigators who crossed the river in Dege did not implement the postponement of the 52nd Division due to insufficient understanding of the spirit of "the frontal troops should advance slowly in order to catch the enemy" and the mentality of underestimating the enemy and paralyzing the eagerness to win. The order to cross the river one day, but crossed the river in the daytime on the 7th, because the firepower was not well organized, the infantry and artillery coordination was not enough, and the detour troops did not work. As a result, the enemy of Gangtuo was able to resist the danger for 15 hours, and I consumed a lot of ammunition , with more than 20 casualties, and the enemy was not wiped out. (3) Before the war, our troops participated in the war and conducted in-depth policy education on ethnic minorities, and carried out the work of uniting ethnic minorities in a planned way, which played a great role in the successful completion of the mission.For example, 15,000 yaks from Tibetans were organized to be transported on the Ganzi, Dengke, and Dege-Chamdu lines (excluding those purchased by the troops themselves), which ensured the timely delivery of grain and fodder.The transportation from Kangding to Ba'an is also carried out by the yaks of the local chieftains.After the advance troops of the 18th Army arrived in Ganzi at the end of April, with the assistance of various chieftains, they overcame food and other difficulties.During my march, the lamas and chieftains of Tibetan officials and chieftains along the way all followed the policy of unity, publicized the policies of the Central People's Government and the discipline of the People's Liberation Army, and responded well, and they were willing to assist me in road construction and transportation.After entering Tranquility and Yanjing, they launched a political offensive immediately, trying to win the deputy county magistrate of Yanjing and the county magistrate of Tranquility to return to their posts.More than 700 militiamen returned from the Yanjing area alone. On the way of marching, all the troops are generally very serious about the implementation of policies and disciplines. The people in Tibetan areas have responded very well to me. After the militiamen were released, they immediately aroused the goodwill of the people in the area. The people along the way did not flee, and they gave our army various assistance.When our Fourteenth Army troops were active in the Zhuwagen area: the local people automatically captured the Tibetan tax officials and handed them over to us.In addition, the procurement of materials is generally unified by the battalion as a unit, but there are also some phenomena where individual units and individuals ask for yaks to support Ula privately, and go to the sacred mountains of the masses to cut trees and collect firewood. (4) In late February, a support command was formed, directly led by the military region, and responsible for supporting the march.As for the supply and supply of troops entering Tibet, we adhere to the principle of "give what is needed" as long as the use is reasonable and possible, and a large number of animals and vehicles are drawn from the whole army to form a transport unit.All engineering troops participated in the emergency repair work of Chuankang Road, which was completed from April 13 to August 26, and the 1,300-mile emergency repair project from Ya'an to Ganzi, and from September 16 to October 2 from Ganzi to Zhuqing The emergency repair project of more than two hundred miles ensured that the marching troops moved in as scheduled.During this period, the land and air transport troops braved the bad weather and worked actively under the extremely bad road conditions.By the end of the month, the total number of materials transported from western Sichuan to the west reached more than 69 million catties.From May 7 to the end of November, a total of more than 200 aircraft sorties were dispatched, and more than one million catties of supplies were transported by air. In order to supervise and inspect support work, the military region has organized senior cadres to visit the front several times to inspect and express condolences.In short, the support work has done a great job.However, due to lack of experience, unfamiliarity with the situation, and insufficient planning, some detours were taken, such as insufficient estimation of the road repair situation, and the required materials were not delivered in time, which delayed the marching time several times. Insufficient knowledge resulted in the delay in solving the necessary anti-freezing and anti-skid equipment; due to the failure to solve the car canopy in a timely manner, the management of driving in the rainy season was not strict, so that the food delivered to the front was damaged by the rain; due to poor warehouse conditions and poor management, food production occurred Due to insufficient understanding of the situation and lack of careful research, some clothing is not suitable.At the same time, they have also gained extremely valuable experience, especially the engineering unit has gained rich experience in operating in the rainy season and in plateau areas. Most of the support troops have experienced months of life and work in the plateau, laying a strong foundation for next year's support work. (5) It has been proved from this battle that the army's life and exercise in the plateau area is extremely important.The 154th Regiment of the 18th Army (the advance force of the army) first arrived in the Ganzi area for five months. During this westward march, fewer people were left behind than other troops on the North Road.Other units that set off from Ganzi have been left behind continuously since they entered the Qamdo area. After entering the Qamdo area, half of the personnel in most units were left behind, and some units even reached two-thirds.Based on this experience, we decided to go to the area west of the Jinsha River, and all the troops will stay here for the winter so that they can practice life on the plateau. (6) After starting the campaign from the assembly position, it was extremely difficult for the various units to rush forward to meet the enemy, and they felt insufficient supplies. The 156th Regiment only ate very little rake for several days, and the 155th Regiment and one battalion climbed three mountains in a day and a half In a rush of 180 miles, the 154th regiment took a long-distance detour to Yushu and Qizhi to enter Daenda as scheduled. When the 157th regiment marched to Bangda on the south road, it climbed four high mountains.All the troops were in high spirits, and carried out their tasks resolutely with the spirit of enduring hardships, which is inseparable from the in-depth mobilization.During this operation, the troops were heavily burdened. The average soldier weighed more than 75 catties, and the continuous dry weight was more than 30 catties. In the first few days, the troops were more afraid of suffering. After gradually training and mobilizing, they overcame this difficulty and strengthened their burdens. March ability.