Chapter 16 Chapter 16 Tibetan Army Officers Do All Evil, Nine Generations of Ben Uprising

Before the Battle of Qamdo, the ninth generation of the Tibetan local government army was stationed in Ningjing (Mangkang) south of Qamdo. The task was to be responsible for the defense of the Jinsha River east of Ningjingzong and local social security.Daibendeg Gesangwangdui has two subordinates (battalions) and four armored (companies), with a top (platoon) and foot (squad) under armor, with a total strength of about 500 people.The ninth-generation version is poorly equipped. Except for a few machine guns, the rest are all British rifles from World War I.The quality of the army is also poor. More than 70% of the officers and soldiers are around 40 years old. Most of the soldiers bring their families and raise cattle, sheep, horses and other livestock. Most of the time they spend grazing, chopping firewood and doing housework, and rarely practice. , There is almost no difference from the local Tibetan residents, so the combat effectiveness is very poor.

Before our army crossed the Jinsha River, the Nine Generations sent two Jiaben to set up defenses north of Drukpa Long in an attempt to prevent our army from crossing the river. The Southern Front Group was an important part of the horseshoe-shaped encirclement in the Battle of Qamdo. It effectively prevented the Tibetan local army from fleeing southward, and at the same time promoted the uprising of Bengesang Wangdui, the ninth generation of the Tibetan local army. important role. Before the Battle of Qamdo, the advance troops of the 157th regiment had built Batang as an advance base. On October 7, all troops on the southern front entered the position of crossing the river.They will cross the Jinsha River in three ways: Ran Xiansheng, the political commissar of the 157th regiment, and Chai Hongquan, the deputy head of the regiment, will lead the first and second battalions to cross the Jinsha River secretly on the flanks, and detour to the west and north of the county seat of Ningjing (now Mangkang County); the front of the 3rd battalion Cross the river from Zhubalong Ferry, along Kongziding, Mangling, Gushu and other places, straight to Tranquility; the guard company crosses the river from Niugu, and marches towards Tranquility.

At dawn on October 9, the People's Liberation Army launched an attack from the Drukpa Long Ferry.On the opposite side, in the place known as Xisonggong, there are several fortresses occupied by local Tibetan troops.The rifles, machine guns, recoilless guns and mountain artillery of the People's Liberation Army fell on the other side of the Jinsha River like a shower.Xisonggong became a sea of ​​​​flames. At first, the Tibetan local army was still resisting. The bullets fired from the bank of Jiangxi fell on the soldiers of the People's Liberation Army. The Tibetan local army desperately blew the small copper horn to call the police, while screaming "ahhhh, ahhhhh" to strengthen their courage.The People's Liberation Army already knows the Tibetan local army well, and the Tibetan local army

One is that they are old, they are all bearded soldiers, and they can do business; The second is that the food and wages are meager and life is difficult.In addition to providing two meals of tsampa every day, only two Tibetan dollars are distributed a year, and 10 Tibetan dollars are only worth one silver dollar.Some Tibetan soldiers couldn’t afford a wife alone, so several of them took one together. If they couldn’t eat enough, they went to work to make ends meet; The third is that the weapons are backward and the army has no fighting spirit.They used obsolete British carbine guns that fired only a few bullets each.Because Tibet is martial arts and loves guns, things like throwing guns happen from time to time.In order to prevent the guns from being stolen, the Tibetan local army tied all the guns to the pillars in the house, and sent people to guard them during the day, and everyone slept around the guns at night.Only when the wind died down did he untie the gun from the post.Therefore, some guns are so rusted that the bolts cannot be opened; the fourth is that discipline is lax and oppresses the people.The daily necessities of the common people, as long as the Tibetan local army sees them, they will be requisitioned for nothing.When the officers went out, they had to ask the leader to send "Ula", not to mention the wages, but asked the poor to give them a Tibetan "horse fee" of one or two yuan.What's more, they slaughtered and ate the pack ox after sending it out, and the sender had to go home crying with the bones of the ox in his arms.Some military officers have nothing to do, and they go to various villages to look for flowers and ask willows. When they see a beautiful woman, they have to go to "feed the horse".There are also officers who throw a bullet in front of a certain woman while walking, and the woman has to pick up the bullet and send it to him quickly, otherwise catastrophe will ensue.

How can such an army confront the mighty People's Liberation Army. The artillery shells of the People's Liberation Army flew towards the Tibetan local army with long blue light tails.The soldiers who crossed the river in the middle of the night and lurked on the west bank also rushed across the rocky beach and approached Xisonggong with a semicircular horn.Only a deafening bang was heard, a blockhouse was hit, and a blazing red smoke quickly spread around, soil chips, wood chips, and stones were thrown into the air, and then fell like raindrops.A dozen or so Tibetan soldiers raised guns in both hands and arched out from a pile of burning ruins.

The shelling ceased, but the fighting was not over.The Tibetan soldiers in the blockhouse on the west side refused to surrender and shot and killed three soldiers of the People's Liberation Army.The soldiers yelled hoarsely: "Burn them to death! Avenge your comrades!" After a few bangs, a row of rocket launchers shot over, and the blockhouse became a wave of red fire.The Tibetan soldiers cried out, and after a while, they threw a few scorched carbine guns from the smoky room.Immediately afterwards, seven Tibetan soldiers came out like zombies from the doorway filled with flames.Because of the smoke, they all looked like niggers, some clothes were burning, and some hair still had green smoke curling up.Seven Tibetan soldiers prostrated themselves on the ground together, kowtowed and apologized. A young man in his twenties was so frightened that he sifted the chaff all over his body, muttering something, and kept making bows with his hands up.Facing the murderer who killed his comrades, PLA soldiers suppressed their anger, comforted and enlightened the prisoners, telling them not to be afraid, to surrender and not to kill. The PLA is the people's army, with strict discipline and preferential treatment for prisoners.

In the battle of Zhubalong, one company of the enemy was eliminated, more than 20 carbine and one machine gun were seized.The second Ben Padro and his trumpeter were killed in the field behind the house.Pazhuo was wearing an inferior British woolen officer's uniform with red trim on the cuffs, and a big gold earring on one ear. Half of his fat black face was in a pool of purple-red blood that smelled stinky. The People's Liberation Army took advantage of the victory to pursue, and went straight from the Drukpa cage to Tranquility. Kongziding is a relatively large village that the People's Liberation Army passed by, with dozens of households.The wheat has just been harvested, and groups of gray and white sparrows are still hovering in the wheat field.At the entrance of the village, on a wheat drying field made of Aga soil, the Tibetan compatriots have already set up 11 large iron pots and are boiling water for the troops to make tea. More than 20 big red-crowned roosters, 6 baskets of fresh walnuts and three piles of round roots were piled up on the side of the road, which were used by Tibetan compatriots to express condolences to the PLA.As soon as the troops arrived at the entrance of the village, leaders and representatives from dozens of villages near the Mangling Lamasery surrounded them, asking for written documents and lithographed promotional materials such as the "Rules for Entering Tibet."The whole village is in a kind of festive celebration.

The Tibetan local army stationed in Mangling heard that the People's Liberation Army had advanced weapons and was brave and good at fighting.The Tibetan local army dropped 102 bags of tsampa, hundreds of catties of firewood, and boxes of ammunition. An old Tibetan grandmother dedicated a song to the troops: The People's Liberation Army is a condor flying from the east. where you pass, The cattle and sheep are fat and strong, and the grains are plentiful. where you set foot, The flowers are in full bloom and the sky is clear. your arrival, It is our creation. is our good fortune,

How can we not like such an army from the bottom of our hearts. How can we not warmly welcome such an army, How can we not sing about such an army with the most beautiful folk songs! On the road, from time to time, scattered Tibetan soldiers came to disarm and surrender, and asked for a liberation certificate.The People's Liberation Army returned all the guns, horses and other property seized to me, and also issued a release certificate and 3 silver dollars.This is the income of a Tibetan soldier for 15 years.Many Tibetan soldiers held silver dollars in their hands and burst into tears. Not only did they not go home, but they also wanted to join the People's Liberation Army.

On October 11, the 3rd Battalion of the 157th Regiment and the headquarters of the 53rd Division arrived at Gushu.It is less than a day away from Ningjing County.The ancient trees are rich in products. They used to be the former residence of the great businessman Bangda Dorje. A clear river, like a white hada, floats gently into the distance. The troops pitched tents and set up camp in a freshly harvested wheat field.The aroma of wheatgrass flutters in the wind, refreshing.It's a taste of home.It aroused the homesickness of many soldiers.There are signs that the quiet Tibetan local army is engaged in some new maneuvers.Several staff officers of the People's Liberation Army were lying on a high slope covered with thorns, looking into the distance.In the subtle tremor of the air, an important moment has arrived.Kelsang Wangdui, the ninth generation of the Tibetan local army stationed in peace, is determined to revolt. At this moment, he is leading a group of people towards the ancient tree.The mountain road was winding, and the figure of Gesang Wangdui in the shadows appeared burly and tall.He has thick eyebrows and big eyes, wears dark yellow woolen clothing, and wears high black leather riding boots; his brown-red face looks very broad and fat, and on his left ear is a large emerald turquoise otolith earring that is half a foot long. He wears a small silver earring inlaid with gemstones on his right ear; he also wears a pair of brown sunglasses.His attire was very ancient and contradictory.

Behind him, besides a few attendants, was the fat first-generation Ben Gonpo and an Englishman named Burr. On the way, they met a small unit of the People's Liberation Army and were taken to a spacious house.Gesang Wangdui said: He will lay down his arms unconditionally. The night wind is like a gust of wind.That night, in a large military tent in the People's Liberation Army camp, the two sides held consultations on the Jiudaiben Uprising. At the exit of the tent, three tallow candles were lit.There are two camp beds in the tent as cushions; several enamel tea mugs are placed on the side-by-side horse packs as a table.Both parties are seated here.The candlelight was flickering, shaking on everyone's face. The troop representative said straight to the point: "Mr. Gesang Wangdui, in accordance with the policies and calls of the Central People's Government, we marched into Tibet, liberated Tibet, expelled the imperialist forces from Tibet, and completed the great cause of the reunification of the motherland. We have always advocated a peaceful solution to the Tibet issue. However, the Kashag However, the government listened to the instigation of the imperialists and refused to liberate Tibet peacefully. Therefore, they should bear full responsibility for the current situation!" Then, he briefly explained that our party's People's Liberation Army marched into Tibet, liberated Tibet, defended national defense, unified the motherland, and united Tibet. The guidelines of the broad masses of monks and lay people, including all patriots of the upper class, as well as the ethnic and religious policies of the Central People's Government and various regulations on entering Tibet. The correspondent came in with a small pot of boiling water.He quickly filled several tea mugs and brought them to the guests.Gesang Wangdui had already taken off his sunglasses and big earrings, which made him look much more pleasing to the eye.His voice was rich, but hoarse with emotion.He said: "Tibetans and Hans are originally a family. If there is something to discuss, we should turn hostility into friendship. The fighting will not benefit the soldiers of both sides, nor the Tibetan people." While drinking tea, Gesang Wangdui talked about his preparation to surrender.Degese Kelsang Wangdui was appointed by Kashag in 1946 as the ninth generation commander of the Tibetan Local Army, stationed in Chaya, and moved to Ningjing in 1947. In 1950, after the People's Liberation Army entered the Ganzi area, as an old acquaintance, Xia Ke Daodeng sent a letter from Ganzi to Gesang Wangdui saying: "The Communist Party has arrived in Ganzi. The fundamental purpose of the Communist Party is to liberate the suffering people of the whole country. During the Long March of the Red Army , Commander-in-Chief Zhu passed by Ganzi, and he was very kind to me. I am going to Beijing and hope to see Commander-in-Chief Zhu." Not long after, Pingtso Wangjie brought Gesang Wangdui a letter issued by the People's Liberation Army through the doctor's strong song. Various notices.At the same time, Gejia, the buyer he sent to Kangding, also reported back that when he met the People's Liberation Army, as long as he stated that he was a Tibetan, the People's Liberation Army was very friendly and provided protection to help him return safely to Tibet.Information from various sources shows that the PLA is a brand-new army that seeks the interests of the Tibetan people.Based on this, Gesang Wangdui wrote to Lalu, then the governor of Qamdo: "It is rumored that Ziqia Tudeng Jiabu and Ziben Shageba have gone to Beijing for peace talks. If it is true, peace talks and armed attacks cannot be carried out simultaneously. The border and the other party have a reconciliation intention, and I need to come forward, and I am willing to go." The idea of ​​peace quietly sprouted in this Daiben's heart. In his early years, Kelsang Wangdui studied in a school run by the British in Gyantse and spoke good English.He continued to tell his story in Tibetan.The Drukpa cage fell, and the ninth secretary, Xiawu Duoji, and Tranquility Zongzong Benmacha fled one after another.The defenders of Xisonggong came back one after another, bowed their heads to Kelsang Wangdui, and said: "The scene of Drukpa Cage being hit by shells is like a mountain avalanche like a ground crack. Unable to persevere, please make the decision on behalf of the master!" Kelsang Wangdui held a meeting of the leaders, and he said: "We are living thanks to the blessings of the Ganden Phodrang government, and we should die in the line of duty. But it is really difficult to complete the task right now. If you want to escape, you just run towards Lhasa and Qamdo. To go to Lhasa, you need to pass the Tashi Dasang Bridge, and this place has been blocked by the People's Liberation Army. If you go to Qamdo, Qamdo There must be more People's Liberation Army encircling. Besides, it is difficult for us to drag our sons and daughters along. Therefore, no matter how we think about it, there is no better way to negotiate peace with the other side." Everyone nodded in agreement. Gesang Wangdui selected three capable attendants to accompany him to meet the People's Liberation Army, and brought Ruben Gonpo with him.They exchanged long guns for short guns, prepared saddles, and were ready to go.Gesang Wangdui thought, everyone said the People's Liberation Army is good, but I don't know what it is?Maybe take us to the Batang area?In this case, Tibetan coins cannot be circulated there, so it is better to bring two bags of musk in case of emergency.In this way, he ignored everyone's persuasion and came to the PLA camp. "The People's Liberation Army has crossed the Jinsha River and entered this area. I was only ordered to garrison the defense area. I have neither the ability to fight the country nor the intention to compete with the People's Liberation Army. Therefore, I came here today to discuss a settlement. Before that, some For the incident of shooting at you, please add the punishment that deserves to my head. Now, please let the People's Liberation Army go straight into the tranquility where I am located, and I have opened the city gate. And order the soldiers to surrender all their firearms." What Gesang Wangdui said was very sincere. When asked by a PLA representative what his request was, he said: "I don't have any more requests. I just hope that for the sake of my initiative and agreement, I promise the following points: 1. Guarantee the personal safety of all officers and soldiers under me, and take care of their food, clothing, housing and transportation problems; 2. I have three children. , request to recommend them to study in the interior, and take care of their future. Third, allow me to be an ordinary citizen, and it is best to allow me to visit and study in the interior. Please believe that Tibetans have honesty and virtue. If he is willing, If you want his head, he will take it off for you immediately." Everyone laughed.The atmosphere inside the tent is relaxed and harmonious.Gesang Wangdui was also completely relaxed.He picked up the tea mug, sipped boiling water, and asked Gesang, the Tibetan interpreter, what the red words on the tea mug meant "carry the revolution to the end". Occasionally, he also took a puff of snuff. At about 12 o'clock in the middle of the night, the discussion ended. The two sides decided: Tomorrow morning, the first Ruben Gonpo will go to Ningjing first, gather all the officers and soldiers of the Ninth Generation Bun, wait for the arrangement, and gather the guns of the people below A Ben, and the People's Liberation Army will temporarily send people to collect and seal them up.Jiudaiben and other entourages went to Tranquility with our troops. At about 1:00 pm on October 12, the 3rd Battalion of the 157th Regiment arrived in Ningjing accompanied by Degese Kelsang Wangdui.At the same time, the troops of the first and second battalions, which detoured to the west and north of Tranquility, also entered the urban area from the second Ruben of the ninth generation.So far, the Southern Front Group in the Qamdo Battle has officially liberated the ancient city of Tranquility. Tranquil, without any modern town hallmarks. It's dirty, low, and poor.The barracks of the Nine Generations of the Tibetan Local Army and the Tranquility Monastery almost occupy most of the town.They arbitrarily squeezed more than 20 residential houses and one or two small shops into a corner in the northeast of the city: these houses are old and dilapidated, crumbling here and there, just like a group of hunchbacked dwarfs, letting the wind and rain blow.A so-called "street" is no more than 50 steps long and 10 feet wide, full of potholes, human and animal excrement can be seen everywhere, and it emits a foul smell.A gust of wild wind swirls in, flying sand and rocks, carrying firewood chips, broken leaves, felt pieces and balls of cow wool, flying all over the city. On the day when the People's Liberation Army entered the city, all the residents poured out of the city, and a large black mass crowded both sides of the road.When Gesang Wangdui accompanied the troops into the urban area, a person suddenly rushed in from the welcoming crowd.He was covered in wheatgrass, his face was covered with dirt, his hair was a mess of black cow hair that had been trampled by someone, and his long curly beard was covered with snot. When he saw Gesang Wangdui, he bowed down in fear.Gesang, the translator of the People's Liberation Army, stopped him.He glanced sideways at the head of the army, and whispered: "Please give me a release certificate! I am a Tibetan soldier who was scattered and fled back in the Drukpa cage. I buried myself in a stack of straw on the mountain and hid for two days and two nights." I dare not show my face because I am afraid of being caught and killed by the People's Liberation Army, and I am afraid that the common people will take off my clothes. We have done too many bad things on weekdays. Later, a businessman from Jiangdong said that we only need to ask the People's Liberation Army for a release certificate , you will be safe forever, much more effective than the amulet on your chest." Gesang pulled him up and told him: "The nine generations have already declared an uprising. This is a patriotic action of all your officers and soldiers. The People's Liberation Army welcomes you. Issuing a release certificate, hurry back to the barracks!" On October 14, Miao Piyi, deputy political commissar of the 53rd Division, formally received Gesang Wangdui in a house of the Ningjingzong government. Miao Pi is tall and stern, with a scar on the corner of his mouth, which makes him look cold and resolute.He was in a good mood that day, so he had a smile on his face.His speech was very powerful: "Mr. Daimoto, you led all the officers and soldiers of the Nine Generations to return to the motherland. I have reported to Commander Zhang, Commander Liu, Chairman Mao, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu! According to their instructions, the Nine Generations The original system is still preserved, the officers and soldiers remain in their positions, and their treatment is the same as that of the People's Liberation Army. Regarding the issue of guns, after the officers and soldiers have undergone a short-term study and education, they will be returned to everyone at the original amount, and will be reorganized into a part of the People's Liberation Army in the future... " The interview lasted an hour and a half. On October 18, Gesang Wangdui called Liu Bocheng and forwarded it to Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, expressing his willingness to obey the leadership of the Central People's Government and contribute to the liberation of Tibet.The telegram is as follows: Chairman Liu of the Southwest Military and Political Committee to Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu of the Beijing Central People's Government: Under the long-term rule and oppression of the imperialist and reactionary authorities, the Tibetan people have suffered deeply and cannot escape.The purpose of the People's Liberation Army marching into Tibet this time has been known from relatives and friends from various places. It is to help the Tibetan people to be liberated from the aggressive forces of imperialism and to bring the people back into the big family of the People's Republic of China. It is definitely not like the Manchu Qing government and the Kuomintang The reactionaries ruled Tibet like that, practiced Han chauvinism, and the customs and habits were handled according to the requirements and needs of the Tibetan people, and there was an ethnic self-government government.In the past, we deeply hated the imperialist invasion of Tibet.However, our Tibet has a vast territory and a sparse population, our culture is backward, and we are instigated by imperialism, so we are powerless to resist their aggression.The Central People's Government and the People's Liberation Army marched into Tibet to relieve the suffering of the Tibetan people and expel the imperialist aggressive forces.Only the People's Liberation Army will do this for the liberation of fraternal nations, and others will not.Therefore, we resolutely left the reactionary camp, returned to our big family, and joined hands with the PLA to fight for the liberation of the Tibetan people.At present, I hope that all Tibetan officers and soldiers will cooperate with the People's Liberation Army as soon as possible, and strive for the liberation of the nation, the consolidation of the Southwest National Defense, the defense of the motherland, and the defense of world peace, so as not to go astray.Now we see the discipline and policies of the People's Liberation Army, as we have heard in the past, and we are extremely happy in our hearts, thinking that the path we are taking is the only and most correct path.And I hope that under the leadership of the heads of state, I will work hard to learn new knowledge and strive for the cause of the people. Dadang (9th) Daiben Gesang Wangdui and all officers and soldiers October 18th in Tranquility Liu Bocheng replied on the same day: Mr. Gesang Wangdui also sent a message to all officers and soldiers of the Ninth Generation: You understand righteousness, resolutely hold high the banner of righteousness, and stand on the side of the people, so that Tranquility can be liberated peacefully, and the people's lives and property will be saved from unnecessary casualties and losses. After hearing the news, I was very pleased and sent a special telegram to express my condolences.And hope to strive for progress, with his own exemplary actions, calling on the officers and soldiers of the local army in Tibet to stand in the big family of the People's Republic of China.Actively assist the People's Liberation Army to successfully liberate Tibet, so that Tibetan compatriots can get rid of the aggression of imperialist forces as soon as possible, gradually build Tibet into a paradise of happiness, and consolidate the national defense of the Southwest. Liu Bocheng, chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee October 18 Because of the Jiudaiben Uprising, tranquility became the focus of the People's Liberation Army's defense.Supported by tranquility, our Southern Front Group launched the second step of action, sending troops to attack Bangda and Basu, and cooperated with the Northern Front to form a comprehensive encirclement of Qamdo.Ran Xiansheng and Chai Hongquan led the first and second battalions of the 157th Regiment into two echelons and set off on the 15th, and the second company of the advance force set off on the 13th!Seize the Zhaxi Dasang wooden bridge on the Lancang River, and climb over two snow-capped mountains about 5,000 meters high. On October 19, the troops advanced to Zuogong and Bangda. On the 24th, the Battle of Qamdo ended and the entire Qamdo was liberated. Amputate a leg, and severe pain will spread throughout the body. The southern line is this sharp knife.