There have been many "soldiers" in Tibet since ancient times. The local local soldiers, the Qing soldiers brought by Zhao Erfeng, and the British soldiers with guns and cannons like wolves and tigers.The People's Liberation Army is known as the "Bodhisattva Soldiers."In the eyes of the Tibetan people, bodhisattvas are noble and full of wisdom. They help the poor and save all living beings. They are omnipotent.However, in the past, bodhisattvas only appeared in fantasy and legends, in scriptures and temples.When the People's Liberation Army really stands on the snow-covered plateau like a bodhisattva, one can imagine what kind of emotional turmoil will be stirred up in the hearts of the Tibetan people.

In the 1960s, the film "Serf" produced by Bayi Film Studio is a classic.There is such a scene in the film: On the edge of a cliff, girl Langa said to the hero Qiangba: "People spread the word everywhere: a red sun rose from the east, and a tall Bodhisattva stood in the sun, and he saw everything. He could see. He saw the highest place in the world, where someone was suffering the most. With one finger of the Bodhisattva, the Bodhisattva soldiers crossed thousands of mountains and rivers, and rescued people from great suffering. Every Bodhisattva soldier There is a five-pointed red star on his head..."

This red star will shatter the hazy skies of Tibet. This passage accurately summed up the mentality of the Tibetan people at that time. They didn't know class or revolution. They strongly but simply believed that Chairman Mao was the greatest Bodhisattva. What kind of eyes this "Bodhisattva" looks anxiously at the lofty sky and rich land of Tibet. At the end of 1949, the Western Sichuan Plain. The sound of guns and guns in the Battle of Chengdu fell silent.The Hu Zongnan Group, Chiang Kai-shek's last main force on the mainland, was wiped out.This marks the end of the large-scale battles in the magnificent liberation war on the mainland.The three big mountains pressing on the heads of the Chinese people have finally been overthrown, and a new life is about to begin.When people slap the gunpowder smoke and dust on their bodies, they are all full of beautiful visions for the future.

After the Battle of Chengdu, the Eighteenth Army was ordered to enter southern Sichuan.The military headquarters is stationed in Luzhou, which is rich in fine wine. Zhang Guohua, the commander of the army, is also the director of the Southern Sichuan Administration; the 53rd Division is stationed in Naxi, south of Luzhou; the 54th Division is stationed in Zigong, which is famous for its well salt;The 18th Army belongs to the 5th Corps of the Second Field Army, and the Corps and the 16th and 17th Armies under its jurisdiction are all in Guizhou.In contrast, the conditions in the garrison areas of the Eighteenth Army were the best in the entire Corps. "The Eighteenth Army used to suffer a lot, but this time the head of the field army took care of the Eighteenth Army." Many people in the Eighteenth Army said this happily.

On January 2, 1950, Liu Deng received a telegram from Mao Zedong from "afar".The urgency that beat between the lines in Mao Zedong's words infected Liu Deng.The telegram was circulated several times in their hands.They have long realized that the task of liberating and managing Tibet will fall on the shoulders of the Southwest Bureau.The first war zone was divided, and Tibet belonged to the Second Field.Even Mao Zedong sent a telegram to Peng Dehuai on November 23, 1949, proposing that the Southwest Bureau should start managing Tibet immediately.There are historical reasons for this. Kangzang is a traditional channel connecting Tibet with the mainland of the motherland, and the Qing court used this route many times with troops.At the same time, Tibet is a closed, backward, and impoverished place. Even if it is liberated, if we want to build a new Tibet and consolidate the national defense of the Southwest, we should have a solid material support.This support should be the relatively affluent Sichuan Basin in western China, which is known as the "Land of Abundance".

Who should send troops to Tibet? Liu Deng spent a lot of time thinking about this. At that time, there was a famous political commentator in the United States named Hopman, who declared that "the Communist Party cannot enter Tibet without an army of 200,000", exaggerating the lethality of Tibet's natural environment.Mao Zedong initially said that 3 armies were needed, but after investigation, he thought it would be enough to use 1 army or 4 divisions. Which troops should we send to Tibet?The 62nd Army of the 18th Corps has occupied Ya'an, the capital of Xikang Province.Xikang borders Tibet. Sending the 62nd Army into Tibet can reduce the transportation of manpower and material resources, which is most suitable in terms of time and economy.But the 62nd Army just came to the second field with Boss He, and the difficulty of liberating Tibet can be imagined, and the 62nd Army cannot be allowed to suffer this hardship.Let the 10th Army perform this task? The 10th Army is one of the most powerful troops in the Second Field. Commander Du Yide fought for many years and went through life and death. He is a brave general.But not long ago, he was diagnosed with heart disease, so he was not suitable for going to Tibet, which is hypoxic.

There was a lot of smoke.Tibet's selection was so harsh. "Let the landlord go." Deng Xiaoping, who was smoking a cigarette, said such a sentence. Liu Bocheng asked: "Who?" "Zhang Guohua." Liu Bocheng smiled: "It really coincides with each other. I'm also trying to get his idea. Okay, let him go." Zhang Guohua, from Jiangxi, was 36 years old at the time.It is a young "rabbit".Because Zhang Guohua had many intellectuals under his command, he was called a "landlord".The soldiers of the Eighteenth Army will always remember the image of their dear army commander in their hearts:

He is of medium height, about 170 meters tall; he wears a yellow cotton military uniform, a liberation cap, leggings, and a pair of black Lux shoes with raw rubber soles.He has only studied in a private school for four and a half years, but he is very knowledgeable. He has read a lot of classical poetry, can recite dozens of Tang poems, and can play the flute and the erhu. Zhang Guohua's life path is full of war and smoke. Zhang Guohua was born in 1914. When he was under 15 years old, he joined the 36th Regiment of the Red Army as a soldier.Soon, he became the squad leader of the regiment. In March 1931, he was transferred to the political instructor of the 36th Regiment Headquarters of the 12th Division of the Red Army. He participated in one to five anti-encirclement and suppression battles in the Central Base Area, and was injured three times on his arms and head.In the most serious one, he was shot in the head and lost five teeth.Every time he didn't wait for the injury to heal, he returned to the team early.In the battle of Aiziling in Jiangxi, he fought bloody battles and was awarded the third-class Red Star Medal by the Central Military Commission.

The young Zhang Guohua also participated in the 25,000-mile Long March, serving as the director of the political inspection team of the First Army Corps and the political commissar of the political teaching team.After the Long March, he successively served as the Director of the Political Department of the Red Army's Hedong Detachment, the President of the Fighter Drama Club of the Political Department of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, the Director of the Political Department of the 115th Division, the Political Commissar of the Yunxi Military Division, the Political Commissar of the Yellow River Detachment, the Political Commissar of the Huxi Military Region, and the The Political Commissar of the Fourth Military Division of the Military Region, the Deputy Political Commissar of the First Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, and the Deputy Political Commissar of the Seventh Column.The flames of war hammered Zhang Guohua into a mature and qualified commander.What can best demonstrate Zhang Guohua's political and military talents is his establishment, consolidation and expansion of the Henan, Anhui and Soviet border areas.

In November 1946, with the approval of the central government, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region decided to establish the Henan-Anhui-Soviet Border Region.Zhang Guohua served as the commander of the Henan, Anhui and Soviet military regions. This is a war zone that hangs behind enemy lines.Chiang Kai-shek is encircling and suppressing with ten times as many troops as I do.The People's Liberation Army has both the New Fourth Army and the Eighth Route Army; Battle of Longgang. In January 1947, in order to fight against the 30th Regiment of the New 10th Brigade of the Kuomintang, Zhang Guohua led the Independent Brigade and the Special Service Regiment to start eastward, and arrived in the Longgang area on the 20th.

At this time, Zhang Guohua had three regiments in his hands. How to destroy all enemies? Zhang Guohua decided to adopt the tactics of digging out his heart.That is to say, kill the enemy regiment headquarters and a battalion that were huddled in Xushuanglou Village.This is the "heart" of the enemy. On the evening of February 13, the Independent Brigade first cleared the enemy's outer positions. At 2 o'clock on the 14th, under the cover of firepower, they attacked the enemies in Xushuanglou Village. It took less than two hours to occupy the whole village.The enemy regiment headquarters and most of a battalion were wiped out. In this service, more than 600 enemies were killed and wounded, and more than 800 enemies under the deputy commander were captured. More than 50 light and heavy machine guns, more than 20 cannons, and more than 1,000 rifles were handed over. In Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, Zhang Guohua led his troops to fight more than 3,300 battles and wiped out 930,000 enemies.The two military divisions had grown to eight military divisions by 1949. Liu Bocheng said that Zhang Guohua "knows how to seize opportunities and fight guerrillas." Cadres in Henan, Anhui and Su said that Zhang Guohua was good at using soldiers and even better at using people.He was able to unite cadres from all directions and use them according to their aptitude, which is an important reason for the rapid development of the border areas of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu. When Liu Deng's army marched thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, the Henan, Anhui and Su military regions took the initiative to participate in the war, conquered seven cities within ten days, and went west to Pinghan Road to cut off the main artery of the enemy's Central Plains. In the Battle of Huaihai, Zhang Guohua personally led the troops to fight against Su County.After five days of rapid march and seven days and nights of fierce fighting, he and his brother troops finally withstood the repeated onslaughts of the three armies of the Kuomintang Li Yannian Corps, which played an important role in the main field army's annihilation of the Huangwei Corps. After the formal establishment of the Eighteenth Army, Zhang Guohua was appointed as the commander of the army. The beautiful scenery of southern Sichuan is picturesque.Deep in the fertile land, there is a kind of fragrance, which is the most fascinating smell for Chinese farmers.The Eighteenth Army is being ordered to go to southern Sichuan.This is the winter of 1949, after the Battle of Chengdu.Zhang Guohua was appointed director of the Southern Sichuan Administration.Tan Guansan, political commissar of the 18th Army, was also appointed secretary of the Zigong Municipal Party Committee. The scenery of southern Sichuan made them feel happy and satisfied. On January 7, Zhang Guohua, who was sitting in a jeep thinking about how to manage southern Sichuan, received a telegram from Commander Liu Deng: The 18th Army was on standby, and Commander Zhang and the main leaders of the divisions came to Chongqing as soon as possible.Zhang Guohua immediately realized that the task had changed.Where will it go?Yunnan?It is the territory of the Fourth Corps; Xikang?The Eighteenth Corps has already entered; hit Taiwan?There are three wild.It seems to be going to Tibet.Only there is an open space.Zhang Guohua suddenly felt that his shoulders became heavy. When Zhang Guohua was driving to Chongqing, Liu Deng made such a decision: Let Zhang Guohua randomly select three main divisions from all the troops of the Second Field to form an army of 30,000 people. Liu Bocheng asked Zhang Guohua: "What's your opinion?" Zhang Guohua fell into deep thought.He knew that the combat effectiveness of such an army would not be a problem.But marching into Tibet is not a war, but more of a political struggle. An unfamiliar new army is worrying. Take your own Eighteenth Army? They have suffered too much.At that time, Henan, Anhui and Su were under the leadership of Chief Liu Deng of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, and later Jin-Hebei-Shandong-Henan was changed to the Central Plains Central District. After the three major battles in 1949, the national army was organized in a unified manner, and four field armies were established. The Central Plains Military Region became the second field, with a corps.Among them, the five corps have jurisdiction over the 16th, 17th, and 18th armies.The Eighteenth Army was established on February 18, 1949 in Wutai Temple, Luyi County, Henan Province, with Zhang Guohua as its commander and Tan Guansan as its political commissar.There are three divisions.Its 52nd Division was originally one of the main forces of the Shanxi, Hebei, Luyu and Central Plains Field Army. It participated in the advance of the Dabie Mountains and made great achievements; The 54th Division was the backbone armed force above the county level in the Anti-Japanese War, and had outstanding records in the struggle to uphold and expand the Henan, Anhui, and Soviet military regions.From Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, advancing into the Dabie Mountains, the Battle of Huaihai, crossing the Yangtze River, and marching into the Southwest, many people did not even sleep at all, and dozed off while walking.On March 3, 1949, it was dispatched from the Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu regions. By the end of December, the Chengdu Campaign had ended, and the 18th Army had moved to eight provinces and regions. It traveled more than 4,000 kilometers and fought 47 battles, killing, injuring, and capturing 17,000 enemies. Yu people.How much the soldiers need to relax their tightened nerves and taste the joy of life.But fate took a 180-degree turn. He made up his mind and said to Liu Deng: "I still want to lead the 18th Army to undertake the mission of entering Tibet." Deng Xiaoping asked: "Do you think you are sure?" The advantages of the Eighteenth Army, such as the large number of veteran Red Army troops and the large number of intellectuals, made Zhang Guohua appear full of confidence. Heaven has given great responsibility to the people of Sri Lanka. After Zhang Guohua accepted the task, on January 15, Liu Bocheng met with Zhang Guohua, Tan Guansan and others. "Comrade Xiaoping has an important meeting, let me greet the comrades first." Liu Bocheng spoke Sichuan dialect and shook hands with everyone in turn.He adjusted his glasses and asked Zhang Guohua who was standing beside him, "You don't have to be forty, do you?" "Thirty-six!" Zhang Guohua replied. Liu Bocheng patted him on the shoulder with satisfaction: "Okay, very young. According to the virtual age, 36 is a rabbit. Rabbits are flexible and can run and jump, especially mountain climbing." A brave "rabbit" will run in the mountains of Tibet. Zhang Guohua smiled: "It has already started to go down the mountain." "Going down the mountain? It's still early." Liu Bocheng held Tan Guansan's hand again and said, "Except for you and me, they are all young people in their thirties. It’s time, I’m going to ask you to shoulder heavy burdens.” “Commander, please give an order!” Everyone said in unison. Liu Bocheng, who always had a smile on his face, straightened his face: "This time, I entrust you with a very important, arduous, and glorious task. The Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao decided that the 18th Army should take over the task of liberating Tibet." "Commander, we are determined to complete this task, and we will never disappoint the trust of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao in the 18th Army." Liu Bocheng used three "extraordinary" to indicate the extraordinary nature of the task.Zhang Guohua and Tan Guansan's answers were like thunder and lightning.Liu Bocheng nodded: "Communists must have this kind of energy, which is called party spirit. Tibet is an unusual place with many difficulties and hardships. You must be fully prepared mentally and materially. The Party Central Committee, Chairman Mao We are very concerned about this march, and we will mobilize the entire field army to support you." There were bursts of hot currents in Liu Bocheng's heart.To be honest, he was also reluctant to let these old subordinates who lived and died together suffer. On January 15, 1950, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping met with cadres above the 18th Army Division in Chongqing for political mobilization.Deng Xiaoping's speech roughly outlined the future policy trend of marching into Tibet. An old map of Tibet was hung in the war room of the Erye Headquarters in Zengjiayan, Chongqing.The map was obtained from the folks in Tibet, and the drawing was extremely inaccurate, but the feeling of snow-capped mountains and grasslands immediately enveloped everyone's thoughts. Liu Bocheng conveyed the instructions of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao on entering Tibet.He said: "Chairman Mao ordered to march into Tibet this year. This is the inevitable trend of the struggle between the democratic forces and the world imperialism. It is imperative. Longer nights are more dreams. The British now recognize our People's Republic of China's sovereignty over Tibet. It is because of our They are powerful, they have nothing to do with us, and they still want to exchange and do business in private. They hate us in their bones. If they have the conditions, they still want to support the separatist forces in Tibet and bring Tibet under their control. Therefore, we should It is not too late, we must enter Tibet as soon as possible. According to the characteristics of the climate, Chairman Mao asked us to control the whole of Tibet from April to October." The generals of the Eighteenth Army, who were born and died, were never afraid of the sky falling.At this time, they all put their hands on their knees neatly, even the oldest political commissar Tan Guansan was no exception, all of them tensed up like elementary school students who had just met their teacher. Deng Xiaoping's eyes were like lightning, with a heroic look.He carefully observed everyone's expressions, and picked up Liu Bocheng's words: "The local government of old Tibet had six or seven thousand troops. If they recruited troops from the three major monasteries, there would be resistance. For example, if they were recruited from farmers and herdsmen or other temples, the maximum number of troops was 30,000, but in reality it could only be about 20,000. Therefore, We have the upper hand militarily.” Deng Xiaoping mentioned the balance of military forces as soon as he opened his mouth, which is exactly what military commanders are eager to know.To fight, you must first know the enemy's situation.But Deng Xiaoping changed the topic from military affairs to politics.He knocked on the table, meaning to let everyone pay attention to the fact that the guiding ideology of the expedition to Tibet is fundamental. "However, one thing to note is that its religion is quite powerful. But don't be afraid, we will find ways to defeat it in all aspects. The reason why you were called to enter Tibet by the 18th Army is that your cadres are of high quality. It is estimated that the troops will have emotions In order to do a good job in ideological work, the task must be clear. It should be noted that Tibet is dominated by Tibetans, with about one million people, and policy issues are extremely important. The central government is waiting for our report on policy issues. The decision is in principle ethnic autonomy , to separate church and state, and to unite the two factions of the Panchen Lama and the Dalai Lama." Deng Xiaoping emphasized that to solve the Tibet issue, compared with the military and politics, politics is the main one; from a historical point of view, the use of troops against Tibet has not been solved many times, and the solution depends mostly on politics; highway.In order to make the troops entering Tibet implement the party's policies in an exemplary manner, observe discipline, and respect the customs and habits of Tibetan compatriots, Deng Xiaoping instructed the drafting of marching rules, requiring troops to learn Tibetan, and began marching into Tibet in August. Deng Xiaoping warned everyone to "walk by policy and live by policy". Liu Deng also made arrangements for military strength and military depots. On the same day, Liu Deng drew up the list of the Tibet Working Committee of the Communist Party of China according to the spirit of Mao Zedong's telegram on January 10: Zhang Guohua was appointed as the secretary, Tan Guansan was appointed as the deputy secretary, and submitted to the Central Committee in the form of a report.At the same time, they suggested to the central government: "Multi-pronged concentric march" to Tibet from the four provinces of Xikang, Yunnan, Qinghai, and Xinjiang, in order to disperse the resistance of the old Tibetan local government and solve the problem of food supply, so as to ensure the smooth march of the southwest. On January 24, the central government issued instructions to the Southwest Bureau and the Northwest Bureau to march into Tibet, agreeing to "march in multiple ways", and agreed to immediately establish a Tibet Working Committee.With Zhang Guohua as secretary, Tan Guansan as deputy secretary, Wang Qimei, Chang Binggui, Chen Mingyi, Liu Zhenguo and Tianbao as members. Just like a country, each individual life always has its own territory and boundaries. "To break through the transparent moat, one must spend painstaking effort and rain and tears in exchange for death or resurrection." The grassroots soldiers of the 18th Army who accepted the mission of entering Tibet are facing a conflict and expansion of their own boundaries.This process is extremely painful. Just after the new year, the troops began to march towards the designated garrison.Everyone was in high spirits, singing and laughing all the way.The beautiful scenery of the Land of Abundance is dizzying, and everyone feels the wind under their feet. After traveling thirty to forty kilometers a day, they arrive at the camp without knowing it. On January 7, the whole division arrived in Qianwei County, and it would arrive in Yibin in three or four days.Unexpectedly, that night, an urgent telegram from the head of the field army was suddenly received from the military headquarters, ordering the troops to stop advancing immediately and return to Leshan to gather in the north two days later to prepare for a new mission. The chief holds a meeting.Division commander Wu Zhong discussed with division political commissar Liu Zhenguo, and political commissar Liu Zhenguo went to Chongqing for a meeting. The situation came too suddenly, without any mental preparation, there was a lot of discussion, and various speculations were circulated among the troops.The heads of the army and division levels are required to go to Chongqing to accept the task, which shows that this task is extraordinary.what task?Go to Chengdu as a city guard?Unlike, the Eighteenth Army has just left Chengdu, and there is no need for an army there; take over Xikang?It's not like, I heard that this task has been handed over to the 18th Corps that went south from the northwest.Some people took the Xinhua News Agency's 1950 New Year's Day editorial that they had just studied and pondered it.The editorial talks about the main tasks in 1950, and the first is to "liberate Taiwan, Tibet, and Hainan Island, and complete the great cause of unifying the whole of China."Obviously, the liberation of Taiwan and Hainan Island is mainly the task of the three and four field forces.Then, what about the liberation of Tibet?Will it be spread on our heads?The more everyone discussed, the more they resembled each other.Some cadres couldn't hold back, and ran to the division headquarters and asked, "Master, can you give us some ventilation? Just give us a reassurance earlier." However, the division commander couldn't satisfy everyone's wishes, so he had to say: " When it’s time to let everyone know, we will naturally tell everyone, don’t we always say that the world is our home? As long as we establish this idea, it will be different everywhere!” More than ten days later, political commissar Liu Zhenguo returned to the division.Everyone really guessed right, the Eighteenth Army really accepted the task of liberating Tibet.Political commissar Liu Zhenguo said that the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao had long considered the issue of liberating Tibet, and believed that Tibet should be liberated as soon as possible while taking advantage of the current international and domestic favorable situation, otherwise they would be passive.To this end, Chairman Mao also solicited the opinions of leading comrades in relevant strategic areas. In mid-December 1949, Chairman Mao visited the Soviet Union. On the way and after arriving in the Soviet Union, he continued to exchange views with the central government and leading comrades in relevant strategic areas on the above-mentioned issues. On January 2, 1950, the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao made a formal decision: the Southwest Bureau and the Second Field Army will be the main force, and with the cooperation of the Northwest Bureau and the First Field Army, the operation will start in May and the whole of Tibet will be liberated before October; and It is believed that only one sufficient army or four divisions with a total of about 40,000 people are enough to enter Tibet, and the leaders of the Southwest Bureau and the Second Field are required to immediately study and submit a plan to implement this decision. On January 7, the leaders of the Southwest Bureau and the Second Field informed the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao that they would resolutely complete the task of liberating Tibet, and planned to march into and manage Tibet with the 18th Army as the main force and Zhang Guohua as the unified leadership core. On January 10, the Party Central Committee transferred Chairman Mao's call from Moscow, agreeing to report on January 7 by the leaders of the Southwest Bureau and the Second Field. Political Commissar Liu Zhenguo said that Commander Liu Bocheng and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping received leading cadres of the 18th Army at the army and division levels on January 15. They first conveyed the resolution and relevant instructions of the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao on the issue of liberating Tibet, and then discussed in depth the liberation of Tibet. The great significance of Tibet announced the plans and decisions made by the Southwest Bureau and the Field Army to realize this task, and encouraged the comrades of the 18th Army to shoulder heavy responsibilities and make new contributions.When talking about the characteristics and basic requirements of the task of liberating Tibet, the heads of Liu and Deng emphatically emphasized that the liberation of Tibet is different from the struggle against the Kuomintang in the past. We strive for a political solution, but we must have a certain military force as the backing. And; there will not be a big tough battle in the military, the biggest difficulty is transporting supplies; there are also policy issues, especially to implement the party's ethnic policy and religious policy, we have to rely on policies to walk and rely on policies for food, policy is life .In short, the liberation of Tibet is more important than military politics, and supplies are more important than fighting. The division convened an enlarged meeting of the party committee with the participation of cadres above the regiment to convey and implement the instructions of the head of the field army. Once the news that the troops were about to enter Tibet was confirmed, it was like pouring a ladle of cold water into a hot oil pan, and the reaction was very strong.The turn was too fast.It is the cadres who have more problems. Many of them have many practical problems in family and marriage.In the past years of fighting, there was no time to think about it, and there was no way to solve it. After defeating Chiang Kai-shek, some problems were hoped to be solved. Now that I entered Tibet, it was all over.Not to mention anything else, even writing a letter home is not easy!Some young cadres with less personal problems feel indifferent to new tasks. Tibet is a little-known mysterious place. Revolutionary soldiers ride around the world on horseback and carry guns. It is good to go there to see the world.But no matter what kind of people they are, there is one thing in common: marching into Tibet is a "hard job" although there is no big battle to fight. At the cadre meeting to convey the spirit of the party committee meeting of the learning division, many people complained openly. "After finally defeating Chiang Kai-shek, the mainland was liberated, and so many troops entered the city, but we entered Tibet!" "Tell me to liberate Taiwan and Hainan Island, fight tough battles, and die with honor. Now tell us to climb mountains in a place where rabbits don't shit, I really can't figure it out!" "Commanders Liu and Deng probably took a fancy to Zhang Guohua, commander of the 18th Army, who is capable of both civil and military affairs, and has done local work. That's why they called the 18th Army to enter Tibet. It's unlucky for us to follow Zhang Guohua!" "The superiors said that the personnel entering Tibet can be rotated for three years. Maybe there will be new regulations in less than three years. I'm afraid we will become little old men when we leave Tibet!" One day, the second platoon leader reported to the company commander: "Company commander, a soldier in our platoon has gone crazy and is crying." "Crazy, shut it up and observe for two days." The company commander waved his hand. Unexpectedly, madness can also be contagious.On the second day, another "lunatic" appeared in the second row.The company commander ordered the two "lunatics" to be locked together.As a result, the "crazy man" who entered later bit the left arm that entered first and was bloody, then opened the roof and escaped.The bitten begged to be bandaged quickly, declaring that he was not crazy.The escapee met the scouts of the division, and was stabbed with a bayonet in his ear, and he recovered from his madness. When the division headquarters ordered Zhang Shiying, the deputy instructor of the first battalion, to bring the deserter back, he wept bitterly: "Instructor, I have been a soldier all these years, isn't it just to overthrow Chiang Kai-shek and go home to watch over my wife and children? Go to Tibet. When will I see my white-haired old lady..." These two "lunatics" later actively entered Tibet and made great contributions in the Battle of Qamdo. Most of the cadres and soldiers of the Eighteenth Army were poor peasants from the north.Entering the south of Sichuan, you will be surrounded by emerald greens, farmhouses, and the great temptation and charm of worldly happiness in the curling smoke.Some people knelt down in the field, holding the black and shiny soil in their hands, wishing they could squeeze out the oil. It is not a hallucination to hear that we are going to march into Tibet, is it? Haven't tasted the taste of happiness yet. For most people, Tibet seems to be a place hanging on the horizon.On the map, Tibet is just a big circle.But this only circle is quite scary, like a bottomless black hole, which makes people feel hairy.Backward, barbaric, thin air, just listening to it makes people breathless.Someone borrowed a copy of poems from the Kham-Tibet area from an old gentleman, and it is incomplete.There is only one poem called "Qibigou" clearly.This was written by a prince during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. It is said that "a stroke of flowers, red willows and green, and a stroke of etiquette and shame", as if Tibet is an uncivilized and wild land, and foreigners cannot survive at all. Going to such a place, when can I see the parents I miss so much?How long should veterans delay their marriages?How hard is life in Tibet?Maybe it's not easy to write a letter to my family? All kinds of conjectures turned into complaints: "The Eighteenth Army suffered the most in the past, but this time it went to Tibet again. The superiors are unfair." "Tibet is sparsely populated, poor and backward, barren land, what are we going to do?" "Tibet, Tibet, when you arrive in Tibet, you won't be able to find a wife for the rest of your life!" There was a lot of complaints, and deserters increased, including some cadres who refused to enter Tibet. Liu Jieting, the deputy political commissar of the 154th Regiment of the 52nd Division, was the first to mention that he was in poor health and did not want to go to Tibet.Tan Guansan had someone tie him up and bring him back.Zhang Guohua's face turned blue with anger. There are also things that make Zhang Guohua feel gratified. Li Jue, director of the Operations Division of the Second Field Command, was a college student and a soldier who charged into battle. When he learned that the Eighteenth Army was going to enter Tibet, he volunteered to "go to a place where there is a battle."Xia Chuan, the former head of the Propaganda Department of the 17th Army of the Fifth Corps, also rushed to the 18th Army to serve as the head of propaganda with a new pen and a notebook full of poems in his arms. What makes Zhang Guohua more confident is that the Eighteenth Army has a united and powerful leadership core.This core is young, energetic, and tempered by wars, as hard as steel.The army leaders are all veterans of the Red Army, but the average age is only 365 years old. Kind and familiar faces appeared before Zhang Guohua's eyes. Political commissar Tan Guansan is a native of Leiyang, Hunan, and one of the organizers of our party's early peasants' armed struggle in southern Hunan. In 1927, he participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and then participated in the Shonan Uprising.In the following year, he led the red guards in the district to Jinggangshan, and followed Mao Zedong to fight in the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.He also made great contributions in the Long March, the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation.He is about to go to Tibet. Although he suffers from many diseases, he said "I would like to bury my old bones in Tibet", and he finally fulfilled this promise.At that time, his voice was like bursts of turbulent horns, which made people's blood spurt. Wang Qimei, the deputy political commissar, is from Hunan. After participating in the revolution in the 1930s, he was sent into the Kuomintang. In 1936, due to the betrayal of a traitor, he was arrested and imprisoned. After being tortured, he remained steadfast. He was rescued and went to work in eastern Henan.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wang Qimei's name appeared repeatedly in newspapers in enemy-occupied areas, and "Wang Datou" became a "news figure".As long as it was said that Wang Qimei was coming, the Japanese and puppet troops would hide in the bunker and dare not come out.Later, the team led by Wang Qimei became part of the Second Field and has been fighting in the Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu areas.Before entering Tibet, he humorously stated that he wanted to be the "first generation ancestor" of the Communist Party in Tibet. Chen Mingyi, chief of staff of the Eighteenth Army, was from Henan and participated in the Long March and the Hundred Regiments War. In February 1946, he served as chief of staff of the Henan, Anhui and Soviet military regions.During the Huaihai Campaign, the military and civilians were mobilized to build 350 kilometers of railways and 2,200 kilometers of highways, dispatching millions of migrant workers for transportation and 100,000 stretchers to rescue the wounded.Because of this, he later became the commander of the rear headquarters of the 18th Army and led the troops to build the world-famous Sichuan-Tibet Highway. They are a mountain of statues. Which mountain is their shape? Which cloud is their immortal soul flying! Since the Eighteenth Army, generations of Han people have entered Tibet to work and live. To integrate into Tibet, you must first surrender your heart. And what kind of state makes them entrust the only heart in their bodies to Tibet itself is a great state.It embodies the most solemn value of life and provides a way of life with infinite spiritual continuity.Who can doubt that the fallen heroes, like Kuafu chasing the sun, turned into the mountains and rivers of Tibet. Let's follow their footsteps. Those voices are still thriving on the land of the Republic like young sprouts. From January 27th to 30th, the 18th Army held an enlarged military party committee meeting with 24 party members and cadres above the division level.On February 1, the Party Committee of the 18th Army issued instructions to the entire army on the work of marching into Tibet, requiring all army officers and men to regard liberating Tibet, building Tibet, and consolidating the national defense of the southwest of the motherland as a great and arduous historical task, which must be unconditionally and resolutely carried out.The military party committee also called for the launch of a meritorious campaign to march into Tibet, requiring party members and heroic models to be the backbone and the backbone. Zhang Guohua decided to adopt the method of "grasp the pilot, grasp the middle, and lead the two ends" to implement the work. The 52nd Division became his first pilot. On February 5th, the 52nd Division held the "Advance to the Frontier of the Motherland-Tibet Mobilization Conference" at Zhugentan, where it was stationed.More than a row of party members and cadres to participate.Zhang Guohua's Mandarin with Jiangxi flavor seems to have a magical power to make everyone's hearts burn. "We are internationalists. We are patriots." The two words Zhang Guohua said at the opening ceremony are still lingering in many people's ears.His speech made the soldiers in the audience feel that there was an inexhaustible power releasing and expanding. "The predecessor of your division is the famous 20th Brigade of Su Yang Column in the whole army, does anyone not know?" "I know!" The reply was neat and forceful. "Have you ever been afraid of beating the Japanese devils?" "No!" "Are you timid to fight Chiang Kai-shek?" "No!" A tsunami-like voice buzzed and shook people's eardrums. "No one is afraid of death when fighting Japan or Chiang Kai-shek, but now you are going to march into Tibet, are you afraid of suffering?" The audience was silent, and someone quietly lowered their heads. At the venue, Zhang Guohua's voice suddenly became louder: "In the past, we were able to liberate a provincial capital together with our brother troops and wipe out tens of thousands of enemies. The socialist forces have been driven out of Tibet and the great cause of reunifying the motherland has been accomplished, but we still have to go there to build the party and start the work of the party. Isn't this something we should be proud of? "Someone suggested that so many troops from the Second Field Army were not sent to Tibet, but we were sent instead. Why do you say we were sent? This is the trust that Chief Liu Deng has placed in our 18th Army. This is our pride and pride." After the applause, Zhang Guohua said: "You see Tibet as a barren land, but the British imperialists have never thought it was desolate, and have been working hard to drill there for a long time. Now the American imperialists are also actively intervening. Don't we care about our own land? Enthusiasm of imperialism?! If one province cannot be protected, the four provinces will be uneasy. If Tibet is really divided by imperialism and our southwestern frontier retreats to the Jinsha River, I am afraid we will not be able to sit securely in Sichuan!" In just a few words, Zhang Guohua articulated everything from the general situation of the world to the country's strategic interests. The hearts of the soldiers are opened up. The speech aroused their love for the country, the nation and the career they were engaged in.This kind of love makes them go beyond the love of only one family, beyond the secular self, and closely connect with the society and the destiny of the times as a member.This kind of love includes a sense of identity, pride, and mission. The country, nation, and career you are engaged in may bring many things to people, but the most important thing is that they can provide the public with a peaceful environment where they can recuperate and recuperate. "If one province is not guaranteed, the four provinces will be uneasy."This sentence still has a strong practical significance.In terms of physical geography, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the birthplace of the two major mother rivers of the Chinese nation, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The glaciers that do not melt in all seasons melt bit by bit and merge into milk to feed the children of the Chinese nation.Some experts predict that without the shelter of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the most affluent areas in China, such as the Yangtze River Delta, would be deserts.Like a father, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shelters us from the wind and rain with a generous back!Like a mother, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that turns all suffering into milk to feed us!What's more, if Tibet is really lost, the hinterland of the Chinese mother will be fully exposed. Even if you are an ordinary person, you will feel restless.It can be seen that Tibet has such a direct connection with every Chinese.History has dried up many voices like weeds, but Zhang Guohua's voice is engraved in people's hearts. On February 9th, Zhang Guohua made another speech on the practical difficulties faced by everyone in family and marriage, which was as refreshing as wind and rain: “个人老婆问题的解决，有句老话，叫做'自古美人爱英雄'，我们去完成解放西藏这一伟大的历史任务，可以说大家都是英雄。我们只要好好学习，努力工作，精神愉快地进藏，找个老婆是不成问题的；不管农村或城市的姑娘都会爱你们的。有人提出能不能和藏族姑娘结婚？大家都知道，在1000多年前的唐朝，就有文成公主和金成公主先后与藏王松赞干布和赤德祖赞结了婚。现在我们到了西藏，也可以同西藏姑娘结婚，而且藏族姑娘都非常勤劳和善良，也很漂亮。” 掌声越来越热烈。皱着的眉头舒展开来。 张国华的脸色又开始严肃起来： “必须看到，我们这次进军西藏不同于红军长征。那时我们是作战略转移，蒋介石派兵在前面堵截，后面追击，天上飞机跟着轰炸。而这次有全国人民支援，还有苏联人民的支援和帮助，比长征时的条件好上千百倍；比抗日战争、解放战争也优越，我们的装备和供应将是建军以来从来没有过的。我知道还有一些老一点的同志不想去，认为胸前有了两三枚光荣纪念章了，就想躺在光荣上面睡大觉，不想再前进了，这是不对的。干部要起带头作用，要高高兴兴地去西藏！” 张国华的讲话掀起52师的备战高潮。 2月6日，邓小平为十八军将士题词：“接受与完成党给予的最艰苦的任务，是每个共产党员、每个革命军人无上的光荣。” 3月7日，十八军在乐山举行了进军西藏誓师大会。进军大幕拉开。十八军如一支弦上之箭，直指西天。一个非常难转的大弯子，很快转过来。十八军上下群情激昂，就等待着进藏日子的来临。想想藏胞还在受苦，大家的阶级同情心油然而生。 张国华的心情比谁都迫切。 在他随身装在兜里的笔记本上，记着藏族战士多吉给他讲的几个故事。其中一位领主家的“朗生”，从十五岁就开始给索康家干活。每天清晨挤完奶，就赶紧去放一天牧。累死累活干了几十年。有一天，主人派差，要她到拉萨河边挖堤，不幸大腿骨脱臼，伤势很重，主人见她已无法干活，便把她像麻布袋一样捆在马鞍上，驮回老家聂当。老人日子实在过不下去，只好忍着剧疼，一寸寸地往拉萨爬，靠乞讨为生，晚上则缩在狗窝或草堆里过夜，像狗一样活着…… 这是一本最生动的政治教科书。 每当想到这个老人，张国华都会把拳头捏紧。他想用拳头把那个昏暗无道的旧西藏一下砸个粉碎，让世界顷刻间阳光明媚起来。 思想工作任务实在艰巨。过去进军大别山，条件那样艰苦，也没出现这种情况。52师领导班子成员对进藏也没有思想准备，也有个人问题和个人想法，但是，作为领导干部的高度使命感，使52师的领导干部清醒地认识到，和统一祖国的大业相比，一切个人利害得失，都是微不足道的。何况全师一万多双眼睛在望着我们，52师的领导干部必须给全师官兵做出好样子。大家很快就统一了认识，全力投入做好部队思想转弯子工作。52师广大干部毕竟长期受党的教育，有良好的基础，经过几天工作，多数人的思想情绪明显好转。许多人都表示：牢骚归牢骚，行动是行动，参加革命多少年，千山万水、千难万险都过来了，难道今天到四川就不跟党走了？革命荣誉都不要了？上级的命令当然还要执行，谁叫我们是革命军人、共产党员呢！这些话听起来境界似乎还不够高，但我认为讲得很实在，出自心声，这样的同志是可以信赖的。