Chapter 15 Chapter 14 "Three Investigations of Suffering", the morale is high, and the south goes to central Shaanxi

After the Siberian cold current swept across the Ordos grassland and reached northern Shaanxi, the Loess Plateau returned to its original color.Peng Dehuai took a bowl of porridge with wild vegetables and bran, and squatted on a dirt fence for an hour.Looking at the bare mountains in the distance, he also felt a kind of desolation in his heart.He failed to attack Yulin twice, which formed a huge knot in his heart. More than 4,300 casualties, this number is unacceptable to Peng Dehuai anyway. In the battle of Xihuachi in early March, 1,300 people were killed or injured, and he slapped the table and scolded people.Today, more than 4,300 people went in at once.Peng Dehuai decided that this was a big mistake he made.In the later "Basic Summary of the Nine-Month Combat in Northern Shaanxi", he said: "After fighting Qingjian in October, I should rest and go south, but I made a mistake and went to fight Yulin." He wrote his self-report 20 years later. At that time, I still couldn't forget the battle against Yulin, and I still admitted that it was a mistake.Yulin failed two attacks, which means that Yulin is not in a hurry!

In this battle, Peng Dehuai also suffered emotionally.At that time, food was scarce, and the Xiye soldiers all went to the battlefield hungry and carried their guns. On November 22, Peng Dehuai and Zhang Zongxun called the Military Commission and said: The three columns, the 4th and 6th regiments, have not had a meal for five days, and the soldiers are crying from hunger.In order to satisfy their hunger, all the horses and mules were killed. The soldiers were so hungry that there was nothing they could do.The weather has also turned cold, and many soldiers only wear a single shirt, which cannot survive the cold, so they take off the clothes from the dead bodies to keep out the cold.Such a situation made Peng Dehuai feel extremely uncomfortable.It is not an exaggeration to describe the situation of the Nishino fighters at that time as "starving and cold".

Peng Dehuai squatted on the soil fence, recalling these bitterly, feeling like he had knocked over a five-flavored bottle, not knowing what it was like.However, what really made Peng Dehuai restless was the quality and class consciousness of the troops.In the nearly 9 months of combat, there were no recruits in the liberated areas, and all the recruits were captives.Due to the large number of prisoners, the proportion of captured soldiers in the entire field army rose sharply, generally reaching 70%, and some regiments and battalions even reached 80%.In this way, the problem arises. At that time, there was a specific title for the captive soldiers, called "liberation fighters".Yu Qiuli said that there was a liberation soldier in the 2nd Battalion and 4th Company of the 714th Regiment of the brigade, named Lu Xinli, who was captured and liberated by Panlong and enlisted in the army.When he saw the army marching on the mountain road at night, he said, "drilling into the valley and walking at night, just like bandits."A new hat was issued, and because the style was not very good-looking, he threw it on the ground and stomped on it when he saw no one was there, scolding, "What a fucking piece of shit, I don't wear it."The stipend was a border ticket, and he tore it up as soon as he turned around.When he saw the Kuomintang captives in Huan County, he went up and said harshly: "You are holding a gun, not a stick. Why did you surrender if you didn't resist?" When he was fighting in Yulin, he flinched and buried his head in the soil Here, shoot randomly without aiming...

When Yu Qiuli talked about this matter, Peng Dehuai kept frowning: "Is there such a thing!?" "Of course there is such a thing. Lu Xinli is just a typical example of the 'liberation fighters'. The liberation fighters in the army are not ideologically stable, and the employment mentality of 'whoever eats the food will be a soldier' ​​is particularly serious. They are greedy for life and afraid of death. , Violation of discipline, shouting bitterness and tiredness, and even obediently obeying and violating, slipping head-to-head battles. Now, there are more people who don’t listen to the squad leader’s command, there are more quarrels between old and new soldiers, and there are more discord between liberation fighters and junior soldiers. What are the rumors? "The Communist Party is sweet at first and then bitter. When it starts a war, it takes captive soldiers to lead the battle." When fighting Yulin, there were so many cunning soldiers..."

Peng Dehuai suddenly thought of the word "crowd", but did not say it.yes! 80% of the Kuomintang prisoners, how can there be no problem?If any Kuomintang officer is mixed in and colludes with some Kuomintang captured soldiers, a "mutiny" is possible! Peng Dehuai was preoccupied, and asked Yu Qiuli, "Is there any good way?" "Yes!" Yu Qiuli replied loudly: "The 2nd Battalion of the 714th Regiment of our brigade is a typical example. After defeating Zhuozi in Shanxi, their battalion added a group of liberation fighters. At first these liberation fighters were very arrogant, and it was very uncomfortable to be captured by us. Convinced, they said that we "fight irregularly and always do it secretly", and also said, "If we fight in an open formation, we don't know who will capture who!" Because of these issues, we often argue with the soldiers, and sometimes even fight. Discord. Comrade Xia Wei, the battalion instructor, was very concerned about the liberation soldiers. He asked veterans and junior soldiers to help them carry their luggage during the march. A liberation soldier was very moved and said emotionally to Xia Wei, "We are bullied by landlords and rich people at home." , In the Kuomintang team, we were beaten and scolded by the officers, and also received fists and whips. I didn’t expect that the officers in the Communist Party team were so good. Although we lacked food and clothing, we felt comfortable in our hearts!’ Xia Wei was inspired by it. Inspired by this, he immediately organized a complaining activity in the whole camp, asking everyone to express their sufferings at home and in the Kuomintang ranks. Only after complaining did they realize that almost all soldiers were born in poverty and suffered from landlords at home. Lao Cai’s bullying and torture. Most of the Liberation fighters were captured by the Kuomintang officers. They were slapped and booted by the Kuomintang officers, and the severe ones were whipped. When they came to us, not only were they not beaten, they were also beaten. Often under the care of the cadres. This comparison, once complained, the effect came out. The enthusiasm of the liberation fighters increased, and the relationship with the soldiers was also improved. Later, the experience of the 2nd Battalion was pushed by the whole regiment, and the effect was very good. In the later In all previous battles, the 714th regiment has charged forward and repeatedly made military exploits."

Peng Dehuai kept nodding and said, "This is good, this is good! This is going to be promoted in the whole army!" On this day, he lay in bed thinking all night, and decided to conduct a long-term training. Based on the experience of the 358th Brigade, he started with the comparative education of the Kuomintang and the Communist Army, and guided the soldiers to dig out the root causes of their suffering in the form of complaints. Combined with the discipline education of the land reform, a vigorous army campaign was launched. On November 29, Peng Dehuai called the heads of the West Field Brigade together and assigned the task.

Yu Qiuli's heart was heavy. Liberation fighters in their brigade had the most problems. To a certain extent, this complaining movement was also initiated by their brigade.As soon as the training started, he took Yang Hao, chief of the Propaganda Section of the Political Department, to the 714th Regiment.As soon as he sat down, the political commissar of the regiment told him that after complaining about his hardships, just last night, the famous "liberation fighter" Lu Xinli quietly got up in the middle of the night while the other soldiers were asleep, and went out with a large bag of things. run.Even the instructor thought he was deserting, so he quietly followed.Followed into a ravine, saw Lu Xinli took out a wooden sign and stuck it in the pit, lit a few candles and offered incense, kowtowed three times, shouting for father and mother, crying bitterly While telling his own history of blood and tears.Lu Xinli's cries touched the instructor and reminded him of his history of blood and tears. He couldn't bear it anymore, went up to hug Lu Xinli, and cried for most of the night.Later, Lu Xinli told the instructor that he did not perform well in the company and was a captured soldier of the Kuomintang. He was afraid that he would not get sympathy from his comrades when he told his history of blood and tears, so he ran outside to cry.

"Okay! Let's go to the 2nd Battalion. Let's all go and listen to Lu Xinli's complaints!" Hearing that Lu Xinli was influenced, Yu Qiuli was in a particularly good mood. When Yu Qiuli and his party arrived at Lu Xinli's unit, the complaint meeting was in progress. When it was Lu Xinli's turn to speak, Lu Xinli burst into tears before he could speak.The same experience of his comrades had already touched the pain hidden deep in his heart.Lu Xinli's hometown is in Cao County, Shandong Province, and he has a little sister.My father worked as a long-term worker for the landlord, and when I was a little older, I also helped as a part-time worker.The father and son were exhausted for a year and couldn't support the family. Later, the father was forced to die, and after his death, he was so poor that he didn't even have the money to buy a straw mat for the funeral.Hastily buried his father, and fled to Xia County in southern Shanxi with his mother and sister.In order to survive, he went to dry salt for a saltworks.Because he was poor and didn't even have shoes, he worked barefoot all year round. After a long time, his feet were soaked in salt juice, and the pain was like a thousand arrows piercing his heart.But in order not to starve to death for his mother and sister, he still gritted his teeth and went on working.His mother suffered from hunger and sickness, and soon passed away.From then on, he and his sister wandered and begged, and depended on each other for life.When I came back from picking up junk, when I passed by my mother's grave, the pain in my heart broke out again, and I lay on my mother's grave with my sister and wept bitterly.At this moment, a group of Kuomintang soldiers who were like wolves and tigers passed by and took him away without any explanation, and he became a soldier of the Kuomintang ever since.

Lu Xinli broke down in tears and said: "Now I still remember when the Kuomintang soldiers took me away, my sister shouted and cried. I knelt down and kowtowed to them, but the Kuomintang soldiers ignored them at all. Several years have passed now, and I don't know where my sister is, is she still alive..." At this point, Lu Xinli couldn't go on talking anymore, and burst into tears, shouting "Sister, I sister!" All the comrades present shed tears, and Yu Qiuli was no exception. After crying for a while, Lu Xinli wiped away the tears with his sleeve, grabbed the gun and smashed it up, saying: "Now I understand, who made me suffer so much! I also understand, who am I going to hit with the gun in my hand! From now on, I will fight hard to avenge my parents! When the war is over, I will go find my sister!"

The venue burst into warm applause! The cadres and soldiers were all from poor backgrounds, and they were all bullied by landlords and wealthy people, and the liberation fighters were all whipped by the Kuomintang.The same origin, the same experience, closely linked their hearts.The tragic memories they buried deep in their hearts gradually became clear at this moment.After Lu Xinli finished speaking, the cadres and soldiers stepped onto the stage one by one to speak, crying and weeping bitterly. The sadness deep in their hearts was unstoppable like a volcanic eruption. If before that they were rejoicing because of their constant victories, then after that, the entire Northwest Field Army was filled with a different kind of emotion.

A training and education campaign that changed the mental outlook of the Northwest Field Army was vigorously launched amidst such accusations of "every sentence of blood and voices of tears". Mao Zedong smoked the "trophies" sent by Peng Dehuai while listening to Peng Dehuai's report on the West Field Rectification Movement, the corners of his eyes were also wet.Apparently, he too was infected.After a long time, he took a deep puff of the remaining half of the cigarette, exhaled a puff of thick smoke, and smothered the end of the cigarette fiercely, saying: "Complaining about suffering, what is complaining about? It is complaining about the exploitation of the working people by the landlord class, and complaining about the Kuomintang. The oppression that the reactionaries gave to the soldiers and the masses. By complaining, we can achieve the purpose of in-depth class education.” After finishing speaking, he lit another cigarette, turned to Peng Dehuai and said, “Lao Peng, this form of education is very good and has inspired The class feelings of comrades. But we must go deeper, and use complaints as an entry point, so that cadres and soldiers can fully understand the exploitative nature of the reactionaries, and consciously take up arms to fight against the reactionaries.” Understanding the exploitative nature of the reactionaries begins with reckoning. Zhang Xuecheng, a member of the 716th Regiment, talked and counted: "I and another long-term worker planted 140 fields for the landlord, and each field produced about 7 buckets of grain." Other soldiers helped him calculate, and the 140 fields produced 98 shi of grain every year.Each long worker produces 49 shi, which is equivalent to 24 shi and 5 buckets of fine grain. A soldier asked Zhang Xuecheng: "How much do you earn a year?" Zhang Xuecheng said: "My annual salary could buy 7 buckets of rice at that time." "What about the seed, labor and other expenses?" "About 10 stone." After a calculation, everyone understands.Zhang Xuecheng worked hard for a year, and was exploited by Lao Cai for 12 stones and 8 buckets of rice!Zhang Xuecheng worked for three years and was exploited for a total of 38 stones and 4 buckets! Wang Shengfu, a clerk in the company, went on to say: "The exploitation of the landlords is not limited to these. The money in their hands is not dead. Every year when the harvest is low, they take it out to lend usury. One stone is paid back one and a half stones, and the interest is also calculated as interest. .In this way, the interest is rolled over, and the interest is rolled over, so that the long-term workers can't afford it at all. If this continues, the old rich will eat and drink spicy food, and the long-term workers will be exhausted throughout the year. Not only will they not be able to earn a penny, but they will also owe the old rich A big debt. Occasionally, the old rich are kind and give the long-term worker a copper coin, and the long-term worker will kneel and kowtow, thank you! You sold yourself and still counted the money for them!" After this account was settled, the soldiers were so angry that they all waved their fists and shouted, beating and killing those wicked landlords and old fortunes. The leader of the regiment lost no time in asking the soldiers a bunch of questions. "Why are the landlords everywhere so bad and so dark-hearted?" "Why are the poor in the world so miserable?" "Why does the Communist Party want to divide the land and beat the landlords, but the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek refuses to let it go, and wants to fight a civil war with the Communist Party?" "Who are we serving as soldiers and fighting for?" At that time, there was a soldier in the company named Liu Sihu. His father was bullied by the landlord and sued him to the county.But the gentlemen in the county said that Liu Sihu's father was a troublemaker and sentenced him to pay the landlord 10 shimi.In response to this question, Lianli asked again, "Why couldn't Liu Sihu's father win the lawsuit?" A very simple question, but it contains the answer to why the poor suffer and why the landlord can dominate.The soldiers talked, talked, discussed, and analyzed, like peeling bark, stripping away the exploitative nature of the landlord class layer by layer.When it came to the emotional part, they cried and couldn't sleep all night, and finally dug out the root of their suffering.It turned out that Chiang Kai-shek was the general representative of the landlords and rich people, and Chiang Kai-shek's army was the umbrella of the landlords and rich people.If Chiang Kai-shek is not defeated, the poor will never be able to stand up; if Chiang Kai-shek's army is not defeated, the landlords and wealthy people will always be domineering! The slogan "Down with Chiang Kai-shek and liberate the whole of China" once again sounded among the soldiers.But this time when it sounded, it was no longer just a political slogan.At this time, it was already a strong cry erupting from the hearts of the soldiers, and it was also the most urgent request they shouted from the bottom of their hearts!Through complaints and accounts, Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary face was finally fully recognized by the soldiers! This is really a great whole-army movement. The counter-revolutionary leader Chiang Kai-shek, who is used to giving orders, will never learn it! After complaining about hardships and accounting, Peng Dehuai came up with another trick: "Three investigations", checking class, checking work, and checking fighting spirit. "If you want to investigate others, you must also investigate yourself. We must investigate the problems that existed in the past, such as greed for life and fear of death, timidity, obedience to others, and violation of mass discipline!" After an investigation, the 358 brigade found out the problem. Liu Dengwang and Wang Jinsheng, soldiers of the 6th Company of the 715th Regiment, were liberated and enlisted together during the Qingjian Battle. Wang Jinsheng did not perform well.Hearing the tearful complaints from his comrades-in-arms, Liu Dengwang also remembered his suffering.He stood up from the crowd and said with a purple face: "The Kuomintang arrested me and sent me to northern Shaanxi like a prisoner. The officials were afraid that we would desert us, and they were like grasshoppers during the day. String and drag the rope. From Yan'an to Qingjian, the official asked me to pick up 4 boxes of bullets by myself. ..." At this point, he pointed at Wang Jinsheng crazily and said, "It was him, this cruel thief, who pushed me into the ravine..." Later, it became clear that Wang Jinsheng was the platoon leader of the Kuomintang. A big landlord in Baocheng County.After being captured in Qingjian, he asked Liu Dengwang to collude with several liberation soldiers and defect to the Kuomintang, and even killed his whole family if he refused to do so. He also said that "the Communist Party is sweet first and then bitter". Liu Dengwang was "investigated", and the investigation made the liberation fighters who had such or such problems in their thinking feel uneasy.In the dead of night, they secretly found company commanders and instructors to talk to, and while weeping about their tragic experiences, they performed inspections, and some even wrote blood letters asking for war. The "three investigations" of the Northwest Field Army started here, and later investigated work, economy, discipline, leadership, the role of the party branch, etc., and investigated everything.The enemy and puppet officers, class dissidents, surrendered defectors, and those who attempted to organize defections to the enemy and escaped were found out... Regarding the role of the "three investigations", Yu Qiuli, then political commissar of the 358 brigade, later said: "Through the three investigations consciously by the masses, many problems that have not been solved for a long time have been solved. The cadres and soldiers have a firmer stand and a stronger fighting spirit." more solidarity between recruits and veterans, junior soldiers and PLA, cadres and soldiers, party members and the masses; the party's prestige among the masses has increased. A large number of activists have emerged in the army, and many comrades have drawn up meritorious service plans and written The application for joining the party has been completed...the purpose of examining cadres and consolidating the party has been achieved." A heavy snow whitened the entire Loess Plateau. Peng Dehuai and Zhang Zongxun each rode a good horse, stepped on the white snow, and walked slowly towards Mizhi Yangjiagou against the cold wind in December.They went there to attend the enlarged meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.The central government moved to Yangjiagou on November 22.Yangjiagou is a relatively large mountain village 20 kilometers east of Mizhi County. It used to be a landlord's manor.There is no main road here, it is remote and safe, the secrecy is good, and there are many houses, so the central government is stationed here.After fighting in northern Shaanxi for 8 months, I lived without a fixed place. Only when I arrived here did I get a relatively stable environment. Riding on a horse and looking at the high mountains, Peng Dehuai discovered for the first time that the usually barren and desolate Loess Plateau, covered with heavy snow, has such an extraordinary scenery.Being in this white world, Peng Dehuai suddenly felt that his heart became pure as well.Our Boss Peng has always led the army to fight in wars and wars. He has experienced storms, swords and swords. Now he feels this way, which shows that Peng Dehuai's will can be sharp and his emotions can be as delicate as water. Looking at the undulating mountains in the distance, Peng Dehuai couldn't help but softly read Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun·Snow": "The scenery of the northern country is covered with ice for thousands of miles, and the snow is drifting for thousands of miles. Looking inside and outside the Great Wall, there are only pythons left; up and down the river, suddenly Lost Taotao. The mountain dances with a silver snake, the original galloping wax figure, and wants to compete with the God of Heaven..." "If the words are well written, so are the rivers and mountains of the motherland!" Peng Dehuai couldn't help feeling emotional. The shadow of the Battle of Yulin has dissipated in Peng Dehuai's heart. At this time, he only remembers four words - "complain and investigate three times". Previously, Peng Dehuai took Gan Siqi, director of the Political Department, to the 358th Brigade and conducted three days of investigation and research.They listened to the complaints of the soldiers, and saw how the soldiers settled the exploitation accounts of the landlords and rich people, and participated in the "three investigations" meeting.The army-reorganization movement initiated by the 358th Brigade already had considerable weight in Peng Dehuai's heart at this time.It was cold, but he was not cold at all.The soldiers' heartfelt self-criticism, petitions to kill the enemy with their fingerprints, and those scenes of complaints of "blood and tears" are still lingering in his mind.He never imagined that after defeating Yulin in the Second World War, the Northwest Field Army would have such a big harvest in this cold winter, and there would be such a scene of tears shed in northern Shaanxi. During the three days in the 358th brigade, Peng Dehuai had been feeling ups and downs, and his emotions were hard to suppress.Peng Dehuai also came from a poor background. He was exploited by rich landlords and whipped by rich landlords.When he was emotional, he also burst into tears.He turned his head and said to Yu Qiuli: "The soldiers who turned peasants and joined the army were exploited and oppressed by the landlords and riches, and only suffered once; the vast majority of the captured liberation fighters were poor and hired peasants. Being oppressed and beaten, it is a double pain." Thinking back on these, Peng Dehuai is still a little emotional. He and Zhang Zongxun walked in the untouched snow, feeling that he was entering another world. Boss Peng over there expressed his feelings for the "Three Investigations of Complaints", and here Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Ren Bishi were talking about "Three Investigations of Complaints" while warming up. "I heard that Nishino's 'Three Investigations of Complaints' is now very impressive, especially in the 358th brigade. The soldiers complained bitterly." Zhou Enlai said. "Yes." Mao Zedong took a wooden stick and said while poking the fire: "Old Peng said that everyone who saw that scene would cry. He has cried before!" "Boss Peng has always been serious, so serious that he cried. If you go, Chairman, you will cry even more!" Ren Bishi joked. "Hey! We Chinese people are really suffering. Which poor family does not have a history of blood and tears! Forced into prostitution, disregarding human life, it is everywhere! When our old friend Snow came to northern Shaanxi in 1937, he told me that he When I first arrived in China, I could hardly believe that China, an ancient civilization in the world, would look like this! I asked, what would China look like in your imagination? He said that China should be rich and rich in products, but now There are beggars and starving people everywhere. I said that China is very rich, but it has been plundered by the imperialists and China's reactionary ruling group. We poor people can't even eat grass roots and bark. Of course, we only have to beg for food. We will starve to death! You say, if we don’t make a revolution, who will save us..." What Mao Zedong said made Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi nod their heads.Mao Zedong poked it a few more times, and the fire burned even hotter, making the cheeks of the three of them blush. During the brief silence, Peng Dehuai lifted the curtain and came in. "We were talking about you just now! You just came. It's really 'Say Cao Cao, Cao Cao is here'!" Zhou Enlai poked the firewood with a stick, and the fire burst into flames. "What are you talking about?" Peng Dehuai shook the snow off his body and took off his coat. "'Complaints and three investigations'! Comrade Peng, you have made another great contribution!" Mao Zedong said with his face turned sideways. "Chairman, thank you! We only played the role of approval, specifically the 358 brigade made it." Every time Peng Dehuai was praised, he always looked like a shy little girl with flushed cheeks, and this time was no exception. "Anyway, this is all done by you! Since the Central Soviet Area, we have wanted to find a good way to educate the captive soldiers. This time, the method of 'complaints and three investigations' solved this problem." Mao Zedong waved his hand : "How is the situation of the 358th Brigade?" Peng Dehuai answered in response: "The situation is very good, and education is being deepened. Many soldiers have written blood letters. When I came, Huang Xinting and Yu Qiuli told me that the soldiers were very enthusiastic, and now they have been pulled outside to engage in combat training. The soldiers held Fighting with bayonets against wind and sand, heavy snow, and severe cold is almost nothing scary. This enthusiasm for training has never been seen before!" "Very good! I want this effect!" Mao Zedong was more excited than anyone else.Zhou Enlai and Ren Bishi also applauded. This enlarged central meeting, called the "December meeting", was held in such a festive atmosphere.The meeting will be held from December 25th to 28th.Mao Zedong made a long report on "The Current Situation and Our Tasks", and for the first time put forward the "Ten Ten Military Principles". Back at his residence, Peng Dehuai read and re-read Mao Zedong's report, especially the part of "Ten Military Principles". Peng Dehuai was impressed by Mao Zedong's great talent.Mao Zedong is worthy of being a military practitioner and a military theorist.Peng Dehuai selected the main points of these ten military principles and wrote them down in his notebook: 1. Fight scattered and isolated enemies first, and then attack concentrated and powerful enemies. 2. Take small cities, medium cities and vast villages first, and then big cities. 3. Take the annihilation of the enemy's vital forces as the main goal, and do not take the preservation or capture of cities and places as the main goal. 4. Concentrate absolutely superior forces in each battle, surround the enemy on all sides, and strive to wipe them out without letting them slip through the net. 5. Do not fight unprepared battles, and do not fight unsure battles. 6. Carry forward the style of fighting bravely, not afraid of sacrifice, not afraid of fatigue, and fighting continuously. 7. Strive to annihilate the enemy in motion. 8. On the issue of siege, all enemy strongholds and cities that are weakly defended shall be resolutely seized; all enemy strongholds and cities that are moderately fortified but circumstances permit their capture shall be seized at will; all enemy strongholds shall be firmly defended And cities, wait for the conditions to be ripe and then seize them. 9. Replenish yourself by capturing all the weapons and most of the enemy's personnel.The source of our military's manpower and material resources is mainly at the front. 10. Be good at taking advantage of the gap between two battles to rest and train troops. These ten items are the method for the PLA to defeat Chiang Kai-shek. They were summed up by the People's Liberation Army in the practice of fighting enemies at home and abroad for a long time, and they were completely suitable for the situation of the People's Liberation Army at that time.On July 17 of this year, Chiang Kai-shek also released the "Four Rules of Combat and Six Key Items" of the national army.Such a thing has long been obtained by underground members of the Chinese Communist Party. The "Four Rules" are active offense, rapid action, attention to the composition of fire nets, and night operations; the "Six Essentials" are search, alert, reconnaissance, cover, liaison, and observation.Peng Dehuai turned it out, looked at it, and shook his head. Compared with Mao Zedong's "Ten Principles", I don't know how inferior it is! Peng Dehuai put away all kinds of documents and was about to go back to Yesi when Mao Zedong came. "Old Peng, let's go?" "I can't sit still! You have to study this 'Ten Principles' hard, study it hard, and communicate it to the cadres." "Don't worry! There's still time!" Mao Zedong walked around Peng Dehuai's cave twice: "You guys should hold a meeting and summarize the combat situation in the past few months, and there is this 'complaint and three investigations' The campaign is also summed up together. All the cadres here participate. It is called the "Northwest Field Army Front Committee Enlarged Meeting". How about it?" Peng Dehuai turned around: "Okay, I'm about to go back and call a meeting for cadres above the brigade!" "Don't go back, just open here, and we will also participate." "Good! Good!" Peng Dehuai put down the things in his hands and moved a stool for Mao Zedong: "It's so grand!" "You have made great achievements, no matter how grand it is! Don't sit down, I have something to do." Mao Zedong turned around and went out, then turned his head and said, "That's it, you all get ready." On January 7, 1948, an enlarged meeting of the Front Committee of the Northwest Field Army was held in Yangjiagou, Mizhi. This meeting was later called the Northwest Senior Cadre Meeting. The meeting was held from the 7th to the 20th. On behalf of the Central Committee, Zhou Enlai made a report on "The Situation of the National War". Secretary Ren Bishi made a report on "Several Issues in Land Reform", He Long gave a special report on rear mobilization and logistics supply issues, and Chen Yi, commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army, introduced the combat situation and experience of the East China Liberation Army over the past year. At the end of the meeting, Mao Zedong approached Peng Dehuai: "Old Peng, do you see that the 'Complaints and Three Investigations' are also summed up? It happens that Comrades He Long and Chen Yi are here, so we can learn from experience!" Peng Dehuai said: "Let Yu Qiuli do the talking! They initiated the 'Complaints and Three Investigations', and their reports are the most convincing." Mao Zedong waved his hand: "OK!" In the history of army building, it may be very rare for a brigade political commissar to give an experience report at such a high-level meeting. Yu Qiuli hurriedly prepared and wrote a thick stack of paper. On the 20th, he strode up to the rostrum, started from the three aspects of educational policy and purpose, educational principles and methods, experience and lessons, and spoke with a lot of facts for several hours.The atmosphere of the venue and the mood of the leaders fluctuated completely according to Yu Qiuli's report.When they were sad, they wept sadly; when they were excited, they couldn't hold back their emotions. The training first initiated by the 358 brigade has infected everyone present.Here, the historical status of the "Three Investigations of Suffering" was basically established, until later Mao Zedong officially named it the "New Army Movement". From 1947 to 1948, at the turn of winter and spring, when a series of events affecting the historical process occurred in northern Shaanxi, Chiang Kai-shek was busy flying to Beiping, Shenyang, and Hankou, and made a comprehensive review of the national military command organization and troop allocation. major surgery. In December, the Baoding and Zhangyuan Appeasement Offices in North China were abolished, and the "North China Bandit Suppression Headquarters" was established. Fu Zuoyi served as the commander, in charge of the party, government, and military power in the five provinces of Shanxi, Cha, Hebei, Re, and Sui.In the Northeast, the "Northeast Bandit Suppression Headquarters" was established in January, with Wei Lihuang succeeding Chen Cheng in charge of the Northeast military.Under each theater, several appeasement zones are set up, and the commander of the appeasement zone controls the military and political power in the area.Chiang Kai-shek's general strategy was also adjusted to stick to the Northeast and North China as much as possible, strive for the Central Plains, vigorously manage South China, Southwest China and Taiwan, and decided to change from a comprehensive defense to a new strategy of regional defense.So far, Chiang Kai-shek's strategy has undergone a transformation process of comprehensive offensive, focused offensive, comprehensive defense, and partitioned defense.Of course, history proves that Chiang Kai-shek's next step is a road of no return from partitioned defense to key defense, and then to total failure. Hu Zongnan has not shown his face in public for a long time.Since the day he stepped into Yan'an, he has not had a good day.There is no trace of the enthusiasm for implementing the "Battle Plan for Raiding Northern Shaanxi" at the beginning.After the CCP's three-way army advanced into the Central Plains, Chiang Kai-shek was in constant panic like a thousand arrows piercing his heart. He immediately asked Hu Zongnan to draw out the whole 1st division, the whole 36th division and the whole 30th division to Tongguan and the east area, and form the Peichanghui Corps with the whole 65th division. Pei Changhui commanded to break the siege of Luoyang, an important military town, and then cooperate with Xuzhou Gu Zhutong Group and Wuhan Bai Chongxi Group to fight for the Central Plains. Hu Zongnan was originally "dying and healed from a serious illness", and drawing troops to form a Pei Changhui corps to go east to Tongguan was tantamount to stabbing his "sick body" again.Hu Zongnan suddenly felt weak all over his body.On the battlefield in northern Shaanxi, he could only change his previous arrogance and arrogance, abandon the offensive strategy of "finding the main force of the CCP" and adopt the deployment of "mobile defense" to reorganize the 17th Division and the 11th Shaanxi Security Regiment to defend Yan'an and Hebei. Maintain the road traffic line from Yan'an to Fuxian; guard Yichuan in the southwest of Yan'an by reorganizing the 24th Brigade of the 76th Division; station the Hancheng and Yumenkou on the banks of the Yellow River by reorganizing the 72nd Regiment of the 24th Brigade and the 6th Shaanxi Security Regiment to control the Yellow River Ferry; the temporary 2nd Brigade, the newly reorganized 9th Brigade, and the 3rd Shaanxi Security Regiment are stationed in Tongchuan, Sanyuan and other places to protect the transportation supply lines of the Xiantong Railway and the Xianyu Highway; the main reorganization of the 29th Army has two reorganizations The division is a mobile corps, assembled in Fuxian County, Luochuan, Huangling, and Yijun areas south of Yichuan. It can respond to Yan'an and Yichuan operations in the north, and defend Guanzhong in the south to protect Xi'an. In the confrontation with the Northwest Field Army, Hu Zongnan's Kuomintang army suffered consecutive defeats, but its main force was still there.Therefore, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was cautious about Hu Zongnan, and stipulated that the task of the Northwest Field Army was still to restrain and attack Hu Zongnan, and continue to cooperate with Liu Deng, Chen Su, and Chen Xie to manage the Central Plains; The principle is "steady and steady, not quick wins". After receiving the mission, Peng Dehuai rode to the field department overnight, and called all the cadres above the field army brigade to Lujiagou to discuss the issue of outside operations.At that time, the "Complaints and Three Investigations" campaign was coming to an end. Judging from the situation reported by each unit, morale was high and fighting spirit was strong, and after extensive training, skills and tactics were greatly improved. There was a fire in the house, and it was warm.Peng Dehuai sat on a wooden bench without a back in the cave and said: "The enlarged meeting of the Central Committee and our enlarged meeting of the former committee set us the task of shifting to the outside line. Judging from the current situation, the outside line There are three targets in the battle, one is Deng Baoshan in Yulin in the north, the second is the "two horses" in Longdong in the west, and the third is Hu Zongnan on the front line in the south. At present, our task is still to play a strategic containment role, which is to contain Hu Zongnan in the In northern Shaanxi, cooperate with Liu Deng, Chen Su, and Chen Xie to manage the Central Plains. If you go north to Yulin or west to Longdong, Hu Zongnan will free up his hands to deploy troops to the east to strengthen the strength of the Central Plains battlefield. In this case, there will be no strategic containment It is not good for the Central Plains battlefield. In addition, there are great difficulties in fighting in Yulin and Longdong. Therefore, in order to effectively contain Hu Zongnan, we must go south. There are also several goals in the south, one is Yan'an. The central government also Considering fighting Yan'an. However, considering that Yan'an is of great political significance to the Kuomintang, Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Zongnan will try their best to protect Yan'an. On the one hand, it will also cause damage to Yan'an. The chairman said that it is better to "peacefully recover" Yan'an when the time is right in the future. Based on the above situation, the opinions of the former committee tend to attack central Shaanxi, strive to capture Yichuan, and prepare to send aid. In October, Wang Zhen occupied Yichuan for a time, but later Liu Kan brought troops to help, and when the enemy was strong and we were weak, Wang Zhen gave up on his own initiative and is now waiting in Hedong. Yichuan is a bridgehead carefully managed by Hu Zongnan to attack us , the geographical location is very important. The Yellow River can be crossed in the east, and northern Shaanxi can be connected to the north. Hu Zongnan will not sit idly by when attacking Yichuan. It is beneficial. If we succeed, the gate from Hanzhong to northern Shaanxi will be in our hands, and Yan'an will be in the sky. At that time, the defenders in Yan'an will flee without a fight. Let's see if there is anything for the attack on Shaanxi意见？” 彭德怀简短的话把几个方案的利与弊已讲得再透彻不过了。还有什么说的，干呗！ “既然没有意见，那就定下来了，出击陕中。时间暂定在2月中旬，你们回去后作好准备。”彭德怀最后作出决定。 临散会时，彭德怀又补了一句：“这次是进入国民党统治区作战，各方面情况与在解放区内作战都不一样，尤其是群众纪律问题。整军运动刚刚搞过，你们都说部队斗志高涨、纪律观念强，是不是吹牛，这一次拉出去就可见分晓。你们把部队管好了，谁出了问题，我要打谁的板子！” 各纵、旅首长们吐着舌头，散会了。