Chapter 2 The first chapter is the first to go, and the 100,000 troops rushed to the northeast

The wheels of World War II slowly approached the end, the Soviet Union suddenly sent troops to Northeast China, and Japan's plaster flags fell to the ground in the autumn wind.The Chinese people ushered in the victory of the War of Resistance, but they missed peace.The drumbeat of Chiang Kai-shek's peace negotiations resounded throughout Kyushu, but secretly he was extending his hand to the northeast.Mao Zedong had a far-sighted view and tried to tear off the mask of the Kuomintang in Chongqing negotiations, and even more importantly, he wanted to keep the Northeast.The Northeast People's Autonomous Army broke out of its shell.

On July 17, 1945, when the dawn of peace had just spread across the land of Europe, Potsdam, southwest of Berlin, Germany, was already heavily guarded.Churchill, Truman and Stalin, the leaders of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, will hold a far-reaching international conference here. At this time, the Second World War is coming to an end, and the cloud of war spreading all over the world is slowly dissipating.Italy and Germany have surrendered one after another, only the Japanese fascists who have been hit hard are still stubbornly resisting.Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union agreed to hold a meeting in Potsdam on July 17 in order to solve German, European and other problems.

Because this meeting involved the distribution of benefits after the war, the British, the United States and the Soviet Union were arguing red-faced. Facing the vast area that had just been or would soon be freed from fascist control, no one wanted to take a bite out of this piece of fat.Due to the haggling and bargaining between the two sides, the meeting was delayed until August 2nd. It became the longest meeting held during World War II and the last meeting among the three countries. During the meeting, the countries not only signed the "Berlin Conference Protocol" to deal with European problems after the war, but also specifically discussed the issue of fighting against Japan, and passed a "Potsdam Proclamation", urging the Japanese government to immediately declare all Japanese armed forces Surrender unconditionally, and return the Northeast China, Taiwan, Penghu Islands and other places it occupied to China.

After the meeting, Truman, who just replaced Roosevelt in April of that year and became the new president of the United States, ordered the US military to continue to strengthen the Pacific offensive and bomb the Japanese mainland, and dropped a bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9 respectively. atomic bomb. Two days after the first atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, on August 8, the Soviet Union also officially declared war on Japan.Subsequently, the Soviet Union sent the Post-Baikal Front, the 1st and 2nd Far East Fronts, led by Marshal Malinovsky, Maretskov and General Pulkayev respectively. The three directions in the north carried out a centripetal assault in the depth of northeast China.

In the early morning of August 9th, while the Japanese Kwantung Army on the northeastern border of China was still sleeping soundly, the heavy artillery of the Soviet Army roared earth-shatteringly on the Suifenhe and Dongning lines in the Mudanjiang area.The fire reflected half of the sky red, dense shells poured on the Japanese positions, the northeast earth trembled, and the Soviet tanks roared and rushed towards the Japanese positions.At the same time, the Soviet long-range bombers in the sky also roared like black clouds. Half an hour later, the Soviet bomber fleet had already driven straight in, reaching the sky over Changchun, the capital of the puppet "Manchukuo" and the headquarters of the Kwantung Army.The sound of explosions, air defense sirens, and the cries of refugees mixed together, and the whole of Changchun fell into chaos.

The Kwantung Army was caught off guard. Lieutenant General Qin Yansaburo, the chief of staff of the Kwantung Army who was staying at the headquarters in Changchun, panicked and shouted for all personnel to immediately evacuate to the Nanling underground command post on the outskirts of Changchun. At this time, the sky was drizzling with drizzle.The rain has been going on for several days but it shows no signs of stopping.The flustered Japanese soldiers swarmed each other, rushed through the crowd of refugees in the rain and fled to the countryside in a chaotic manner. But the Nanling underground command post was completely unusable. This underground building made of air-raid shelters was already full of water. It seemed that God didn't want these Japanese invaders to have a foothold anymore.Helpless, Qin Yansaburo had to return to the original headquarters.

At 13:00 in the afternoon, General Yamada Otosan, the commander-in-chief of the Kwantung Army, hurried back from Dalian by plane.As soon as he arrived at the headquarters in Changchun, he ordered: the headquarters of the Kwantung Army should be moved to Tonghua immediately, and the capital of Manchukuo should also be moved to Linjiang.He then fled south by plane himself. The personnel of the Kwantung Army headquarters and the puppets they controlled had no choice but to board the train hastily amidst the wailing and swearing of the citizens of Changchun, and fled to the south. At this time, the Soviet army was like a tiger descending the mountain, pushing forward all the way. After these elite troops who had fought in Europe for a long time came to the Far East, the overwhelming offensive made the Japanese army lose their ability to fight back.Since on August 10, the Japanese government, under the instruction of Emperor Hirohito, issued a note of begging and surrender to the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, and China. I have to admit my failure.

On August 15, Emperor Hirohito personally read the truce to the world.The Kwantung Army headquarters held the last meeting after learning of the news to coordinate the opinions of the headquarters.A few days later, Qin Yansaburo, Chief of the General Staff, went to meet Marshal Malinovsky of the Soviet Army on behalf of the Kwantung Army and declared his surrender. The eight years of suffering of the Chinese people have finally come to an end. The news of Japan's surrender blew across the land of China like a spring breeze.The whole country was jubilant, the streets and alleys were full of lanterns and torches, the gongs and drums were noisy, and the firecrackers were all blasting.People cheered and jumped, ran and screamed.

At this very moment, in Yan'an, the seat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, which is also in ecstasy, Chairman Mao Zedong is watching the cheering crowd, but there is a hint of worry on his face full of joy. The Chinese people ushered in a victory!This victory was jointly won by the anti-fascist forces all over the world, and it was also won by the Chinese people after more than eight years of unyielding and arduous struggle and countless blood and sacrifices. But now, Chiang Kai-shek wants to occupy the fruits of victory alone! As early as the afternoon of August 10, when the news of Japan's begging to surrender just came, Chiang Kai-shek immediately sent three telegrams.No. 1, "Soldiers and soldiers in all theaters intensify their combat efforts, follow established military plans and orders, actively advance, and do not relax."The second order ordered the puppet troops in the occupied areas to "maintain law and order and protect the people. Without the permission of Chairman Jiang, they are not allowed to move their stations without authorization."On the third issue, the 18th Army, which is the Eighth Route Army of the Chinese Communist Party, "should be stationed on standby."

Mao Zedong received this order from Chiang Kai-shek and slapped the table hard.The large anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines in North China, Central China, and Shandong were all created with the blood of the Eighth Route Army, New Fourth Army, and guerrillas led by the Communist Party.Now that victory is approaching, you, Chiang Kai-shek, refuse to let our army surrender. What is the reason for this? The news that came one after another made Mao Zedong even more angry. The Kuomintang was already quietly taking action to eliminate the Communist Party. On August 11, Fu Zuoyi's Department in Suiyuan forcibly invaded Baotou, which the Eighth Route Army had captured from the Japanese, and continued to invade Nie Rongzhen's Department along Pingsui Road. On August 12, Chiang Kai-shek appointed the puppet general Sun Liangcheng who had been working for the Japanese as the commander-in-chief of the advance army. These shameless traitors are now encroaching on the liberated areas in the name of the Central Army.

Faced with Chiang Kai-shek's ugly face, Mao Zedong entrusted Zhou Enlai to draft the Yan'an Headquarters Orders No. 1 to No. 6 on August 12, ordering the anti-Japanese troops in the Liberated Areas to step up their attacks on the Japanese and puppet troops in the name of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De. They are required to send an ultimatum to the nearby enemy forces, limiting them to surrender all their weapons within a certain period of time; if the Japanese and puppet troops refuse to surrender and surrender their weapons, they should be wiped out immediately, and the towns and traffic arteries they occupy should be taken over.Subsequently, troops such as Lu Zhengcao, Zhang Xuesi, Wan Yi, Li Yunchang, He Long, and Nie Rongzhen were ordered to march to Rehe, Chahar, Liaoning, Jilin and other places. You Chiang Kai-shek sharpen the knife, we also sharpen the knife!Mao Zedong was filled with righteous indignation. On August 13, Mao Zedong sent a public telegram to Chiang Kai-shek in the name of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De to show his defiance: "In your order to us, it said: 'All the troops belonging to the group army should be stationed on standby." In addition , There are also words such as not being allowed to confiscate guns from the enemy." "Now the Japanese aggressors have not yet surrendered, and they are killing Chinese people all the time, fighting the Chinese army, and fighting the Soviet, American, and British armies." The army of Su Meiying is also fighting against the Japanese invaders every moment, why do you tell us not to fight?" "We think that you made a mistake in this order, and it was so wrong that we had to submit to the Japanese aggressors." You said: Resolutely reject this order. Because this order you gave us is not only unreasonable, but also contrary to the national interests of the Chinese nation, and only beneficial to the Japanese invaders and traitors who betrayed the motherland." At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was in a hurry and his mood was quite complicated.There are still 1.7 million Japanese troops in China, more than 1 million Soviet Red Army invaded the Northeast, and nearly a million Communist troops attacked from all directions. Either side must deal with it seriously. If you are not careful, you will lose everything.He first told Okamura Ningji through the secret radio station that had been established for eight or nine months: he could only surrender to the Kuomintang army, and if the Chinese Communist army came to accept the surrender, he could use force to deal with it. On August 14, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Song Ziwen, Wang Shijie, and Jiang Jingguo to sign the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" with the Soviet Union as soon as possible.Originally, the KMT had been negotiating this treaty with the Soviet Union for more than a month.Because the Soviet Union's asking price was too high, Chiang Kai-shek has never dared to agree.However, now that the Soviet army has come in, if it is not signed, the price may be even higher in the future.Therefore, the Kuomintang hastily signed the treaty with the Soviet Union on the 14th. In this way, not only the United States and the United Kingdom put their supporting hands on Chiang Kai-shek's back, but even the Soviet Union had to face up to the leader of the "orthodox Chinese government".However, since the elite troops of the Kuomintang are currently far away on the China-Myanmar border and in the rear areas of Yunnan and Sichuan, if they want to transport so many government officials and troops to various places on the eastern coast and plains with the broken means of transportation available in the southwest In the city, it cannot be done without half a year and ten months.However, the communist army is close to the enemy-occupied areas, and it is easy to control those places. How to do it?Chiang Kai-shek pondered, he must think of a high-sounding reason to hold back the Communist Party's army and buy himself enough time. After much deliberation, Chiang Kai-shek came up with a plan.Therefore, he sent a telegram directly to Mao Zedong in Chongqing on August 14: Inviting Mao Zedong to come to Chongqing to discuss "national plans" together. After Mao Zedong received the telegram, he immediately saw through Chiang Kai-shek's small calculation: now Chiang Kai-shek is nothing more than trying to use his current political advantages to put pressure on the Communist Party, and at the same time delay time so that he can mobilize the army. However, if the Communist Party does not accept the invitation, Chiang Kai-shek will definitely push the responsibility for breaking the peace on the Communist Party; if he accepts, then Chiang Kai-shek will never agree to the reasonable request of the Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek's tricks. Floating clouds floated over Yan'an, and a branching forest path appeared in front of the Chinese Communist Party. What should we do next? Three days later, Mao Zedong drafted a reply in Zhu De's name.In the telegram, the CCP put forward the requirements of the CCP on a series of major issues such as the joint surrender of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the avoidance of civil war, the end of the one-party dictatorship, and the organization of a coalition government.Mao Zedong estimated that Chiang Kai-shek would never accept any conditions from the CCP, so he told Zhou Liwu and Luo Bolun, the liaison staff of the Nationalist Government stationed in Yan'an, that he was not planning to leave Yan'an at present, and hoped that Zhou and Luo would inform Chongqing. Knowing that Mao Zedong refused to go to the invitation, Chiang Kai-shek was secretly happy, and then struck while the iron was hot and sent a second telegram to Mao Zedong on August 20: "I apologize for the delay in sending the letter to Mao Zedong." In one section, it seems that the procedures for accepting the surrender are not fully understood. The method of accepting the surrender is stipulated by the headquarters of the Allied Forces, and all theaters follow it. The same is true for the Chinese theater. Destroy our common commitment to the Allied Forces. Commander-in-Chief Zhu often fails to implement orders. However, it is an internal matter, and the hindrance is still small. Now, if you disagree with what the Allied Forces have stipulated, it will be harmful to our country and soldiers. Where will his personality be placed? If Commander Zhu is a general who loves the country and the people, he can only strictly observe discipline and abide by military orders to complete our mission of resisting the war and building the country. During the eight years of the war of resistance, the compatriots across the country are in dire straits. Once liberated, we must Inspired by Anji, there is no possibility of delay. The war will end, and the civil war will not be repeated. I deeply hope that I will feel the danger of the country and the suffering of the people, and work together to engage in construction. How to reap the benefits of the founding of the country The results of the Anti-Japanese War depend very much on Mr. Huiran and his party to make a big plan together. It is not just an individual who benefits from the favor!" Chiang Kai-shek, in the tone of an order from the supreme commander, shifted the responsibility for not allowing the Communist Party to surrender to the Americans, claiming that this was a rule of the Allied Forces, and at the same time put pressure on Mao Zedong with the big hat of national and national interests.Chiang Kai-shek's scheming strategy really played a big role in the hearts of the people who yearn for peace, and all circles of public opinion also waved their flags to cheer, expressing their support for Chiang Kai-shek's proposition and urging Mao Zedong to invite him. "A good plan! Chiang Kai-shek's strategy is really watertight and impeccable." Mao Zedong couldn't help "admiring" his old opponent while smoking a cigarette.He clearly knew that Chiang Kai-shek's position had been made clear and that the Communist Party was not allowed to accept the surrender; the two sides had no room for negotiation at all, but in the face of popular pressure, he could not refuse. "I think we should send a general to poke Chiang Kai-shek's window paper first, and let the people see his true face in Lushan." Mao Zedong pressed the cigarette butt into the ashtray. On August 22, after discussing with everyone, Mao Zedong decided to send Zhou Enlai to Chongqing. However, Chiang Kai-shek's purpose was to embarrass Mao Zedong. After learning that the Communist Party would send Zhou Enlai to travel, he immediately sent a third invitation to Mao Zedong: Although he learned that Mao Zedong "sent Mr. Zhou Enlai to Chongqing for business negotiations, I am very pleased", but "Currently all kinds of important issues are waiting to be discussed with my husband. The time is urgent, and I still hope that Mr. Enlai and Mr. Enlai will come together, so that important issues can be resolved quickly. The future of the country depends on its strength." Chiang Kai-shek pressed on every step of the way, but his sword was still pointing at Mao Zedong, and he did not respond to Zhou Enlai's attack. "This Chiang Kai-shek..." Mao Zedong was full of anger, before finishing his sentence, he turned around and said, "Tell Moscow about this situation and see what the Soviet Union thinks." At this time, Mao Zedong really hoped that the Soviet Union could give the Chinese Communist Party strong support.However, in the two consecutive telegrams that Stalin sent back, they all stood on Chiang Kai-shek's side: China should follow the path of peaceful development. If there is a civil war, the Chinese nation is in danger of being destroyed.Although Chiang Kai-shek wants to fight a civil war to destroy you, Chiang Kai-shek has repeatedly asked you to go to Chongqing to negotiate state affairs. If you refuse blindly, it will be difficult for domestic and international parties to understand. It turned out that Stalin had just signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" with Chiang Kai-shek. The Soviet Union promised to give all Soviet assistance to the Nationalist Government, and reiterated its respect for China's complete sovereignty and territorial and administrative integrity in the three northeastern provinces.In return, the Kuomintang government recognized the independence of Outer Mongolia, and the Sino-Soviet joint operation of the East Manchuria and South Manchuria Railways for 30 years, Dalian as a free port for 30 years, and Lushun as a Sino-Soviet joint naval base for 30 years.After the Nationalist Government dispatched administrative agencies to the Northeast, the Soviet Army will withdraw within three months. Therefore, of course Stalin had to side with the Kuomintang.Today, there is no external force that can help China achieve real peace. With its own limited army, what will the Chinese Communist Party do at this critical juncture in history? Yan'an fell into a brief silence.Mao Zedong walked up the loess slope, facing the strong wind carrying the yellow sand, his clothes fluttered, and his tall and lonely figure stood on the loess slope for a long time. On August 23, 1945, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting. Mao Zedong sat on the chairman's seat with a resolute face: "At this critical juncture, the Soviets cannot help us, and we cannot rely on the help of the Soviets. China Our own affairs need to be resolved by us Chinese ourselves!" After analyzing the situation at home and abroad, he believes that under the current situation, Chiang Kai-shek will not launch a large-scale civil war, but if the Communist Party wants to get the part of the victory that should belong to itself, it is difficult to win without struggle.In the next period of time, the two sides are likely to "fight and stop, and may even have to beat Chiang Kai-shek to force him to make concessions."Therefore, "this negotiation should go ahead, it cannot be delayed, and it is estimated that there will be no danger. As long as we stand firm and keep a clear head, we will not be afraid of any strong winds and waves." What a bold decision this is! "Chiang Kai-shek held a grand banquet in Chongqing, and I'm going to see what he served." Mao Zedong said, "As for the timing of going, it's up to the Politburo and the Secretariat to decide. Comrade Enlai can make arrangements first. Then I will go again. After I go out, Comrade Shaoqi will take over my position temporarily, and the secretariat will appoint Comrades Chen Yun and Peng Zhen as alternate secretaries, so that after Comrade Enlai and I go out, the secretariat will guarantee that five people will still be in place.” . On August 24, Mao Zedong replied to Chiang Kai-shek: "I am very willing to meet with you to discuss the peaceful construction of the country. As soon as the plane arrives, Comrade Enlai will immediately go to Chongqing to pay a visit to Jin, and my younger brother will also go to Chongqing immediately. There is a time for meeting and teaching, and I hereby reply." Mao Zedong's invitation to Chongqing made Chiang Kai-shek at a loss, and hastily started negotiation arrangements.American Ambassador Hurley looked at Mao Zedong with admiration: the leader of the Communist Party really has courage and courage.Wang Ruofei, the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Chongqing, rushed back to Yan'an to report on the situation in Chongqing. After listening to the report, Mao Zedong said: "It seems that the current situation in Chongqing is determined by the people. Although Chiang Kai-shek wants to eat the Communist Party, he still dare not openly fight. Striving for a period of peace is also very important for the development of our base areas. Necessary." Thus, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to let Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai go to Chongqing together. But the premise is that Mao Zedong's safety must be guaranteed to prevent Chiang Kai-shek from tampering with it.Chiang Kai-shek's hooligan methods are well known, either by assassination on the way, or by secret detention.After many discussions, Zhou Enlai and others finally decided that the important protection link should be on the way.Because Mao Zedong's trip to Chongqing was already a sensation both at home and abroad, Chiang Kai-shek never dared to seize it privately, and the plane he took on the way was the most likely tool for the Kuomintang to manipulate. How to ensure the safety of Mao Zedong on the plane?Zhou Enlai thought about this question over and over again. That depends on whom Chiang Kai-shek dares not offend the most.Americans, yes, Americans. Thinking of this, Zhou Enlai was secretly delighted, and asked the Americans to accompany Mao Zedong for a ride! On August 25, Yan'an sent a telegram to American officials who had been eager to participate in the mediation of the conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party: Ambassador Hurley was welcome to come to Yan'an for an interview.Afterwards, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai will fly to Chongqing with Ambassador Hurley on the same plane, in response to the appointment of Chairman Jiang, to discuss all major plans. Hurley was overjoyed after receiving the telegram, and maybe he will become a historical hero in promoting cooperation between the two parties in China.He ran to Chiang Kai-shek with a telegram and asked to send a plane there.Chiang Kai-shek looked at this persistent American special envoy with a wry smile on his face, so he had to agree with Hurley to go to Yan'an accompanied by Zhang Zhizhong. On the 26th, Mao Zedong drafted the "Notice of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Peace Negotiations with the Kuomintang", officially notifying the whole country of his decision to go to Chongqing for negotiations. Before leaving, Mao Zedong particularly emphasized the Northeast issue: "The three provinces in Northeast China are within the scope stipulated in the Sino-Soviet Treaty, and the administrative power is in the hands of the Kuomintang. Whether our party can send troops into the activities is still uncertain, but it is not possible to send cadres to work. There is a problem. The central government has decided to send more than a thousand cadres led by Comrade Lin Feng to the northeast; the army led by Comrade Wan Yi still has to go to the border of Rehe to stand by." At 11 a.m. on August 28, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Wang Ruofei, etc., accompanied by General Zhang Zhizhong and Ambassador Hurley, boarded a special plane sent by Chongqing. This is the first time in Mao Zedong's life to take an airplane!And it is at a fork in history, an unprecedented trip to the tiger's den! After a rumbling roar, the plane rose into the sky and headed straight for Jiulongpo, Chongqing. At 15:37 in the afternoon, the plane landed.There were no slogans, no flowers, and no guard of honor at Jiulongpo Airport, but hundreds of people who love democracy and freedom cast enthusiastic glances. American journalists who are good at preemptively rushed to the front of the plane as if they were fighting a war, non-stop Press the camera shutter.When Zhou Enlai stepped off the plane first, Mao Zedong appeared. Mao Zedong, who was 52 years old at the time, was wearing a gray-blue Chinese tunic suit and strode down the escalator. "Read the newspaper, read the newspaper, Mao Zedong is coming to the mountain city!" The newsboy's cry attracted countless people who were eagerly looking forward to peace.They naively thought that peace in China would be just around the corner if the Kuomintang and the Communist Party started negotiations, but they hadn't seen Chiang Kai-shek's true face at this time.As long as the Kuomintang government headed by Chiang Kai-shek exists, China will never be peaceful! The Chongqing negotiations started amidst Chiang Kai-shek's hesitancy, and this marathon dialogue immediately fell into boundless disputes.Mao Zedong's prediction has been confirmed. At this historical fork in the road, Chongqing does not need peace at all. Chiang Kai-shek put on this show, showing his fake face of striving for peace to the outside world, but on the other hand, he is trying to mobilize himself. Force time.With the full support of the U.S. warships, a large number of Kuomintang troops returned to the Central Plains and pointed directly at the northeast. Of course, Mao Zedong could not allow himself to lose this critical opportunity for no reason. He attended meetings, received guests, and visited Kuomintang veterans and democrats during the day.At night, they tirelessly guarded the radio station, or listened to the latest report from Yan'an, or issued further action instructions.While the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were competing at the negotiating table in Chongqing, various forces from the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army had already launched their march to the northeast. In Chongqing after the Anti-Japanese War, the city was filled with thick fog. Two figures who dominated Chinese history gathered together in a dramatic way. The land outside - the northeast. At that time, the Northeast had always played a pivotal role in the development of the situation in China as a whole.The Japanese army invaded China and first established the puppet Manchukuo in the Northeast; the Soviet army sent troops and set foot on the land of the Northeast;These examples are by no means a coincidence, and they all illustrate the importance of the Northeast. Mao Zedong saw it more clearly: the Northeast is not only a big granary, but also a strategic throat. It has a land of more than 1.3 million square kilometers and a population of more than 38 million. It has a vast territory, rich products, developed industries and convenient transportation.At that time, coal production in Northeast China accounted for 49% of the country's total, pig iron production accounted for 87% of the country's total, and steel production accounted for more than 90% of the country's total.There are more than 14,000 kilometers of railways and 100,000 kilometers of roads distributed in the northeast, accounting for more than half of the total length of railways and roads in the country.Moreover, the fertile fields in the Northeast are thousands of miles away, with an arable area of ​​more than 32 million hectares, of which 55% has been cultivated, and an annual grain output of more than 20 million tons. Geographically, it is adjacent to the Soviet Union in the northeast, North Korea in the southeast, Jireliao Liberated Area in the southwest, and Shandong Liberated Area across the sea.Because it is far away from the ruling center of the Kuomintang, it is very beneficial for the Communist Party to take the lead in controlling it.If the Communist Party can control the Northeast and establish a solid base in the Northeast, it will have strong economic strength and it will be easier to communicate with the Soviet Union.Once the Northeast falls into the hands of the Kuomintang, not only will the rich products be handed over to Chiang Kai-shek, but the more serious consequence is that the Kuomintang troops in the north and the south will form a pincer attack on the Communist Party in the Central Plains, which is extremely unfavorable strategically. Therefore, as early as 1942, Mao Zedong predicted that after the defeat of Japan, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army would be concentrated in the Northeast in order to obtain the conditions for continued cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.During the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong said many times: In order to obtain favorable conditions for future problems, 20 to 30 brigades with 150,000 to 200,000 people must be prepared to leave the military area and go to the Northeast.With the Northeast, the Chinese revolution has a solid foundation. Before leaving for Chongqing, Mao Zedong commissioned Zhou Enlai to draft six orders. The second order mentioned: In order to cooperate with the Soviet Red Army to enter China and prepare to accept the surrender of the Japanese and Manchukuo puppet troops, the former Lu Zhengcao Department of the Northeast Army was transferred from Shanxi Suiyuan From the current location, the Zhang Xuesi Department of the Northeast Army marched from the current location in Hebei and Chahar to Rehe and Liaoning; the former Wanyi Department of the Northeast Army marched from the current location in Shandong and Hebei to Liaoning; Li Yunchang's troops stationed on the borders of Hebei, Jehol, and Liaoning will march towards Liaoning and Jilin today. On August 28, the day Mao Zedong left for Chongqing, he specially called Zhu De and said: "Commander-in-Chief, Zhu and Mao have always been separated, but today they will be separated again. This is a critical period, and the Northeast must not be left behind." In the hands of Chiang Kai-shek." Zhu De solemnly shook Mao Zedong's hand: "Chairman, don't worry." On the same day, the first batch of Yan'an cadres scheduled to go to the Northeast gathered in the auditorium of the Central Party School.Zhu De said solemnly: "We must actively develop to the Northeast. There is a lot to do in the Northeast. Most of Chiang Kai-shek's troops are in the South, and it will take half a year to go to the Northeast. Even if he goes to the Northeast, at most he will occupy the city and I will occupy the countryside. ” He paused, then waved his hand, and said, “Now we will send 50,000 troops in, and we will send another 10,000 cadres in the future. This is a very long and solid road. "Zhu De looked at the cadres who shouldered the important responsibilities of our party in front of him, his eyes seemed to be piercing the corridor of history, looking at the already shining dawn. The next day, the central government’s official action instructions were quickly transmitted to the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shandong sub-bureaus: Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shandong cadres and troops who are going to be sent to the three northeastern provinces should leave quickly. The troops can use the name of the Northeast Army and the Volunteer Army.As long as the Soviet Red Army does not resolutely oppose, we can enter the three northeastern provinces unofficially.Don't make a fuss, don't publish the news in the newspapers.After entering the three northeastern provinces, you don't need to take the train to occupy big cities, you can take small roads to control the vast villages and small and medium-sized cities where the Red Army has never been stationed, establish our local government and local troops, and greatly let go of development.In the big cities where our army cannot enter, we must also send cadres to work as much as possible.Informal contact can be made with the Soviet Red Army to inform them of information.But don't force yourself to formally approach and communicate with them, and don't ask for help.As long as the Soviet Red Army remains silent and does not resolutely oppose my actions, that will be fine.But I must take care of what they firmly oppose, so as not to embarrass the Soviet Red Army in terms of diplomatic law.If Shandong cadres and troops can enter the three northeastern provinces by sea, the sooner the better. Military orders are like mountains!As soon as the action instructions were issued, the ready-to-go troops of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shandong sub-bureaus moved separately by land or by sea, and the large-scale march into the Northeast quickly started. At this time, the advance troops of the Jireliao Army Division, which was the first to act, had already crossed the Shanhaiguan Pass and set foot on the black land of the Northeast! The first people's army to set off into the Northeast was the Jire Liao Army Division stationed in Hebei. At that time, Li Yunchang was the commander and political commissar of the Jireliao military division.Born in Leting County, Hebei Province, he was deeply influenced by the revolutionary pioneer Li Dazhao in his early years and was introduced by Li Dazhao. He became a student of the fourth batch of Whampoa Military Academy in 1925.Speaking of which, Li Yunchang and Lin Biao were still classmates in the same batch, but they studied different majors and had no contact with each other.In the same year, Li Yunchang joined the Communist Party of China.Later, he participated in the Autumn Harvest Uprising and worked underground in the Manchuria Provincial Party Committee under the leadership of Liu Shaoqi, so he is very familiar with the Northeast. On August 12, that is, after the Yan'an headquarters issued the No. 2 order, Li Yunchang immediately held an emergency meeting in Dawangzhuang, Fengrun County, Hebei Province, and established the "Northeast Advance Working Committee". Since mid-August, under the guidance of the "Northeast Advance Working Committee", there have been 8 regiments, 1 battalion, and 2 detachments, with a total of more than 13,000 officers and soldiers and 2,500 local cadres. Silently drove to Rehe and Northeast. The 13th Regiment, a part of the 16th Regiment, and the Northward Detachment led by Commander Shu Xing of the 14th Military Division and Li Ziguang, Political Commissar of the West Army, with a total of about 2,000 people, set off from Pinggu, Eastern Hebei Province in mid-August, via Xinglong to Re He, Chengde, and Weichang marched.The 11th Regiment and the Qing (Long) Ping (Quan) Detachment led by Zhao Wenjin, Commander of the 15th Army Division, and Song Cheng, Political Commissar of the Central Route, with a total of more than 2,800 people, passed through Xifengkou to Rehe, Pingquan, and Lingyuan on August 17. , Chifeng, and Chaoyang marched.The 12th Regiment, the 18th Regiment, and a North Korean detachment led by Zeng Kelin, Commander of the 16th Army Division, and Tang Kai, Deputy Political Commissar of the Eastern Route, set off from Funing on August 20, passing through Shimenzhai and Suizhong. Drive towards Jinzhou and Shenyang.Li Yunchang's forward command post and the second echelon of the military region consisted of 3 regiments and 1 battalion with a total of about 3,000 people. They followed up with the East Road troops. It was the midsummer rainy season, the road was muddy and the river was high.After the Japanese government announced its surrender, the Japanese and puppet troops who stayed in the northeast along the way were still squatting in their strongholds, waiting for the Kuomintang troops to take over.The three-way northward troops had a clear goal and went straight to the designated place. Along the way, they also attacked the small Japanese and puppet troops who refused to give way in order to clear the way for future operations. Among the three teams, both the West and Central teams arrived at the designated location smoothly, and the troops belonging to the 16th Army Division of the East Road had the most arduous progress and made the greatest contribution. On that day, Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai led more than 2,500 people all the way northward, traveling day and night, and successively captured Haiyang Town, Shuangwang Town, Taitouying, Zhanggezhuang, Liujiang, Shimenzhai and other small strongholds. On the evening of August 28, a high city wall blocked the way. Zeng Kelin looked up in the dark, but saw the five majestic characters of "the first pass in the world". It turned out that we had arrived at Shanhaiguan.Now, they are only separated from the Northeast by a wall.However, Shanhaiguan is not easy.The flag of the Japanese and puppet troops is still planted on the top of the city in dejection. "This place has been a dangerous place since ancient times. It is easy to defend and difficult to attack." Zeng Kelin said to the people around him, "Let's find another exit." The group had to go around the Jiumen Gate, cross the Great Wall under the darkness, and set foot on the road. Northeast black soil. At this time, a bright moon hung obliquely in the sky, and the leaves on the roadside rustled in the breeze.Tang Kai suddenly said to Zeng Kelin: "Since Shanhaiguan is easy to defend and difficult to attack, we should find a way to capture it." "But we don't have enough equipment and few personnel. Now our main task is to gain a foothold in the Shenyang area." Zeng Kelin shook his head and said.A group of teams continued to march in the night. On August 30, at about 9:00 am, suddenly there was smoke and dust billowing on the road from Shanhaiguan to Shenyang, and two jeeps and three trucks with three cannons approached. Zeng Kelin was startled. At this juncture, meeting enemy soldiers is not a good thing!While hesitating, the other party had walked within hundreds of meters. Looking again, the soldiers in the car were tall, all holding steel guns and wearing five-pointed stars on their heads. They turned out to be the Soviet Red Army.Only then did Zeng Kelin's shock turn into joy, he hurried forward and took the lead in applauding to show his welcome.Unexpectedly, those Soviet vehicles stopped abruptly, and there was a loud crash. The Soviet Red Army soldiers all set up their machine guns. Nearly 70 Soviet soldiers glared at Zeng Kelin's team, as if they were facing an enemy. Zeng Kelin didn't dare to be sloppy, and hurriedly shouted and gestured to explain, but the Soviet soldiers ignored him.It turns out that these people don't understand Chinese! Fortunately, after a while, an interpreter who was following approached and learned that the opposite was the army of the Communist Party of China, so he ran between the two armies several times to explain. Hugging with Zeng Kelin and others with a smile, cheers rang out.In this way, the Marxist-Leninist armies of China and the Soviet Union met for the first time at the foot of the Great Wall in a dramatic manner. During the reunion, Zeng Kelin looked at the artillery of the Soviet Red Army, and his eyes suddenly lit up: Why not take Shanhaiguan with the help of the Soviet Union?Ivanov, the commander of the battalion major of the Soviet Army, agreed to Zeng Kelin's idea after a little hesitation. At 17:00 on the afternoon of August 30th, the Soviet artillery bombarded Shanhaiguan, where the puppet troops had been stationed for only 2,000 days but refused to surrender. At 21:00, this strategic location known as "the first pass in the world" was finally won. Full of joy, Zeng Kelin drove northward after the garrison took over the defense at Shanhaiguan, and arrived in Jinzhou on September 4, then changed to a train and went straight to Shenyang. Just before and after Zeng Kelin crossed the Shanhaiguan Pass, two other teams of the Communist Party of China had begun their activities in the Northeast. One is the anti-union team led by Zhou Baozhong and Li Zhaolin.As early as the beginning of the fall of the Northeast, they had independently persisted in the anti-Japanese struggle on the black land. Heroes such as Yang Jingyu, Zhao Shangzhi, and Zhao Yiman had emerged. into the Sino-Soviet border area.After the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, they took advantage of the momentum and rose up again. Some of them helped the Soviet army to scout the enemy and served as guides, while others entered Mudanjiang, Jiamusi, Heihe and other places to cooperate with the Soviet army to participate in the war. Another one comes from the Shandong Military Region. 8月26日，山东军区胶东区党委派出陈云涛等人先赴大连侦察形势，随后又派出吕其中、邹大鹏率一个营的兵力，从烟台渡海进入辽东半岛，并于30日攻占了庄河县城。 在东北活动的中共小分队经实地侦察，及时向中央报告了东北的形势：苏军只占领了大中城市和交通干线，我军完全可以进入东北农村立足和发展。苏军对中共部队在乡村开展的活动并不干涉。 中共中央此时也在谨慎地考虑进入东北的部队如何行动的问题。几经研讨，中央决定不为苏联红军增加负担，尽量不去破坏苏联与蒋介石政府签署的《中苏友好同盟条约》中的各项条款。8月29日，中央向各地下发了一份急电：“由于苏联受中苏条约之限制，必须将东北交给国民党政府，国民党军队亦将进入东北。我军进入东北后，苏军必不肯和我们正式接洽，给我们以帮助。”所以，各个进入东北的分队应采用东北地方军或义勇军的名义，不要对外声张，要少说话多做工作，放手去控制广大农村和苏军未曾驻扎的中小城市，尽量走小路，不要坐火车，也不要勉强与苏军正式接洽或请求帮助。只要苏军不作声，不坚决反对我们的行动就好。 但由于当时的通讯设备落后，曾克林却没有接到这份电报。他带着队伍光明正大地坐在火车上，打着红旗，敲着锣鼓，车厢上还贴满了花花绿绿的标语。 9月5日，这列火车载着第一支进入东北的中国军队抵达沈阳。 车刚停稳，驻在沈阳的苏军守卫部队一阵慌乱，马上进入戒备状态，随后他们带着紧张的表情将这列火车四周包围起来。苏联人不知道这一火车的中国军人是从哪来的，是来干什么的。所以，他们把住站台，死活不许曾克林的部队下车。 曾克林只好带着几名随从人员前往会见苏军驻沈阳卫戍司令卡夫通少将，耐着性子解释说自己是中国共产党的部队，前来接收东北。但卡夫通一脸冷漠，断然拒绝了曾克林，因为苏军已接到命令，必须把东北交给国民党政府。 带着一路风尘赶到这里的曾克林，心中顿生凄凉之感，继而又愤怒起来：苏联的共产党为什么不帮助中国的共产党，却要帮着国民党？ 带着怒气，曾克林第二次又去了苏军司令部，但苏军表示没有回旋余地，又把他们赶回了火车上。 唐凯见曾克林屡屡碰壁，也不禁动了怒。他一把拉起曾克林：“走，这次我跟你去！我就不信，苏联人为什么一点都不讲道理？” 两人进了苏军司令部就与卡夫通将军争执起来，双方各执一词，互不让步。激动之时，唐凯猛地卷起袖子，冲到卡夫通面前，指着自己在刚参加革命时刺在胳膊上的五角星和镰刀斧头标记，大声喊道：“你睁大眼睛看看，我们是毛泽东的队伍，咱们都是共产党！” 看到唐凯胳膊上的图案，卡夫通深陷的蓝眼窝里闪出了晶莹的光，在两种不同语言的交锋中，经过翻译后传达的意思已大打折扣，而这个图案，在卡夫通这位自1919年就入了党的老布尔什维克心中，是如此的亲切和神圣！他的语气随着眼光一起变得温和起来了。最终同意曾克林率领这支队伍走下火车，但暂时只能驻扎在距沈阳市中心30公里以外的苏家屯地区。 尽管曾克林对苏联红军的安排并不满意，但毕竟还是得到了一个立足之地。他回到火车上立即命令全体人员下车，结队开往苏家屯。一路高唱着革命歌曲，声传十里之外。 当时正值傍晚时分，市民们得知八路军已来到了沈阳，不禁奔走相告，成千上万的群众自发走上街头，欢声雷动，万人空巷。 卡夫通得知此情，异常感慨：这才真正是共产党的军队呀。他突然感到自己刚才的安排似乎有些不当，于是急派两名上校军官追上曾克林，让他们不必出城了，直接驻扎到沈阳故宫东面的小河沿去。 就在此时，莫斯科得知正有大批美军士兵已于9月5日在青岛、天津、秦皇岛等地登陆，目标直指东北。斯大林也不禁心中恼怒，蒋介石这是明目张胆想让美国人来抢占苏联在东北的“胜利果实”。于是，他暗示驻沈苏军，可以对八路军进入东北持有更为宽松的态度。 9月7日，驻沈苏军邀请曾唐二人到苏军司令部去商谈工作。双方会谈融洽，苏军对八路军到东北来协同作战表示愿意合作，但由于已与国民党政府签订条约，建议八路军最好不要公开身份。 曾克林经向尚未到来的李运昌请示，将八路军改称为东北人民自治军。随后以半公开半合法的地位成立了沈阳卫戍司令部，解除了市内的伪军、宪兵以及国民党地下组织的武装。接下来，又兵分五路，向辽宁各地辐射，以同样方法对其他市县实行接管。 9月14日，李运昌带领的5，000多人的大队伍也抵达了沈阳，受到了曾克林部队和苏军部队的欢迎，但曾克林并没有前来。李运昌一问才知道，曾克林已陪同苏军代表去延安了。 原来，曾克林的队伍驻扎沈阳后，就热火朝天地在辽宁地区展开了动作，他们打开日本关东军的军火仓库，四处招兵买马，部队迅速地壮大。跟随苏军重返东北的抗联部队也很快在周保中的带领下与曾克林取得了联系。而他们的这些行动很快就给苏联红军引来了外交困难，美英各国纷纷指责苏联人不守信用，国民党也极其不满。 苏联红军面对困境，在东北抗联人员的建议下，驻在长春的苏军最高司令马林诺夫斯基决定派飞机送两名苏军代表与曾克林一起去延安与中共中央商谈下一步的工作安排。 飞机于9月14日起飞，中途在多伦加油休整后，于15日抵达延安。下飞机时，中共中央办公厅主任杨尚昆带着伍修权正站在机场上招手致意。 在王家坪八路军总部，苏方代表贝鲁罗索夫向朱德总司令转达了马林诺夫斯基元帅的四点声明：第一，按照红军统帅部指示，蒋军与八路军进入满洲，应按照特别规定的时间；第二，红军退出满洲之前，蒋军及八路军均不得进入满洲；第三，因八路军单独部队已到沈阳、平泉、长春、大连等地，红军统帅请朱总司令命令各部队退出红军占领之地区；第四，未得红军允许进入满洲之国民党部队，已被红军缴械。红军统帅部转告朱总司令，红军不久即将撤退，届时中国军人如何进入满洲，应由中国自行解决，我们不干涉中国内政。 宣读完正式文件，贝鲁罗索夫突然松开了紧绷的表情，面含笑意地对朱德说：“马林诺夫斯基元帅特意让我转达一条口信，元帅本人不论对总司令个人、还是对八路军都抱有深厚的同情之心。” 朱德连连点头：“谢谢元帅的关照，愿中苏两国共产党的友谊永在！” 这个时候，独闯沈阳的曾克林正在中央政治局临时会议上作报告。他见到刘少奇、任弼时、彭真、陈云、康生、高岗、李富春、博古、叶剑英、杨尚昆等中央领导人聚精会神地关注着自己，不禁热血沸腾。 临时会议结束后，刘少奇等人立即做出了决定：第一，马上成立东北局，以彭真为书记，陈云、程子华、林枫、伍修权为委员，彭、陈、伍三人即刻动身随苏军飞机去沈阳。“东北局全权代表中央指导东北一切党的组织及党员活动。”第二，从华中、华北派遣100个团的干部去东北。“不带武器，穿便衣作为劳工到满洲找东北局。”“在进入满洲边境时，绝不可被红军及英、美、国民党人发现，绝不要经过有红军驻扎的地方，并且一旦进入满洲境内，即须使用满洲本地番号，销毁八路军原有的证件。”只有用东北地方部队的名义和非共产党的面目，才有可能得到红军的帮助。 第二天早晨，太阳刚刚升起，和煦的阳光暖洋洋地照在王家坪。刘少奇、朱德、任弼时亲自前去会见苏军代表贝鲁罗索夫。朱总司令交给他一封信，请他转给马林诺夫斯基元帅。主要内容是：第一，贵使贝鲁罗索夫中校来此，得悉国民党军及八路军均须按照特别规定的时间，在红军撤退后方得进入满洲；第二，现按照贝意，命令进入沈阳、长春、大连、平泉及满洲其他各点之八路军各部队，迅速退出红军占领地区；第三，在热河、辽宁之各一部，自1937年中日战争爆发时即有八路军活动，并创有根据地。请允许该地区之八路军仍留原地。 随后，刘少奇对贝鲁罗索夫说：中共中央准备派几名同志前往沈阳与苏军联络，希望能搭苏军的飞机一起走。贝鲁罗索夫很痛快地答应了。 9月17日，彭真、陈云、伍修权、叶季壮及报务、译电员各一人，肩负着重任，与曾克林、贝鲁罗索夫乘苏军飞机从延安起飞，向沈阳飞去。 当飞机抵临山海关机场时，飞行员通知大家：请小心坐好，飞机准备在这里降落加油。 大家不禁一阵兴奋，或许在这里还可以远眺一眼山海关的雄姿。正说笑间，突然飞机一阵剧烈的抖动，大家纷纷被甩出座位，陈云顺势向窗外一看，忙喊：“不好，飞机怎么开进稻田地里了？”话还没喊出来，自己已被飞机的惯性推进了驾驶室里，见到飞行员正在紧张地挽救着。 终于，飞机嘎然止住了，所有人又向前冲了一下。此时，机舱中已乱成一团，大家被摔得晕头转向。由于飞行员的操作失误，飞机在跑道中段落地时，冲出了跑道。 飞机一停稳，驻守山海关的士兵迅速赶来救助了。经检查，伍修权和报务、译电员以及曾克林都受了轻伤，彭真轻度脑震荡，叶季壮因为被翻滚的油桶压在下面，伤势较重一些，只有陈云最幸运，一点伤也没受着。 经过简单的处理后，大家于次日改乘火车前往沈阳。 当日，火车如期抵达。中共中央东北局领导人住进了原张作霖的“大帅府”。 这一天正是9月18日。当年日本人在这一天发动事变强占了东北，如今中国共产党领导人民解放东北的核心机关又在这一天驻进了沈阳。 历史经常会在无意之中，制造出令人回味无穷的巧合。 东北局在沈阳站住了脚跟，刘少奇根据毛泽东的指示，下令全国各地的八路军、新四军以及地方干部共计11万人八仙过海、各显其能，速往东北。一支日后叱咤神州的英勇部队——第四野战军的前身东北人民自治军由此破壳而出！