Chapter 2 Chapter 1 The Mighty Teacher

The First Field Army was formally established. General Peng was in command, and the generals gathered. The one-armed general He Bingyan, the bearded general Wang Zhen, and the Confucian general Xu Guangda...their troops were strong and ready to try. The time to liberate the Northwest finally came. In January 1949, the whole country was on the eve of the victory of the revolution. Through the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai, and Pingjin, the Chinese People's Liberation Army fought an unprecedented strategic decisive battle with the Kuomintang army and wiped out the elite forces of the Kuomintang army.Our military strength already has an advantage, and the strategic situation across the country has undergone fundamental changes in a direction favorable to us.

From July 1946 to January 1949, the Kuomintang army lost a total of more than 4.95 million troops. The remaining regular army was only 71 armies, 227 divisions, 1.15 million people, plus special forces, government agencies, schools and local troops. The troop strength dropped to 2.04 million, of which 1.46 million could be used for combat.These troops, distributed in a vast area from Xinjiang to Taiwan, have been unable to form an effective defense strategically. Among the enemy's more than 1 million regular troops, Tang Enbo, the commander-in-chief of the Beijing-Shanghai-Hangzhou garrison in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou, has about 410,000 troops from 19 armies and 64 divisions; There are 17 armies and 57 divisions of the Yu Hanmou Department of the Guangzhou Suizhou Office with a total of more than 360,000 people; the 13 armies and 33 divisions of the Xi’an Appeasement Office located in the Shaanxi area in the south of Hu Zong have about 200,000 people; There are more than 170,000 people in 6 armies and 28 divisions under the Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui Departments of the Northwest Military and Political Chief Office; more than 70,000 people in 6 armies and 14 divisions under the Yan Xishan Department of the Taiyuan Appeasement Office in Taiyuan.The Zhang Qun Department of the Chongqing Appeasement Office located in Sichuan, Kang, Guizhou, and Yunnan provinces, as well as isolated strongholds such as Qingdao and Xinxiang, and the enemy in the west of Suiyuan have a total of 10 armies and 31 divisions with about 240,000 people.Except for some armies of the Bai Chongxi Group and Hu Zongnan Group and Ma Bufang's troops who were not severely hit by our army and still have a certain combat effectiveness, the rest of the troops are mostly newly formed, or have been wiped out many times and replenished many times. very weak.

After two and a half years of fighting, our army has liberated the whole of Northeast China, most of North China, and the area north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The liberated areas have been completely connected into one, with a total area of ​​2.61 million square kilometers, accounting for 27% of the total area of ​​the country; The total population is about 200 million, accounting for 42% of the country's total population; at the same time, there are 776 cities above the county level, accounting for 38% of the country's cities above the county level.The People's Liberation Army has turned from a long-term disadvantage in numbers to an advantage.By January 1949, the total strength of our army had increased from more than 1.2 million at the beginning of the war to more than 3.58 million, of which the field army had increased to 188 divisions (brigades) with a total of 2.18 million. The morale was high and the equipment had been further improved. Improvement, not only has a powerful artillery, but also expanded the engineering corps, railway corps and other arms, and the large corps has more experience in combat.

Under the excellent situation of the successful development of the national liberation war, the development of the Northwest Liberation War is also very rapid. In 1943, the Northwest Field Army attacked an enemy several times stronger than itself with 68,000 troops, and wiped out about 115,000 enemy troops in 16 divisions, recovered Yan'an, liberated the Huanglong area, and once liberated the north of the Weihe River and the There are more than 20 counties in Kanto, West and other counties. With the development of the overall strategic situation, as Chairman Mao Zedong pointed out, we are fully sure of defeating the Kuomintang nationwide, and the victory of the Chinese People's War of Liberation nationwide is beyond doubt.

Under such circumstances, in order to gain time, the Kuomintang ruling group relied on the half of the mountains and rivers to the south of the Yangtze River to regroup its military forces and wait for an opportunity to counterattack, and decided to play the card of "peace negotiation" again. On New Year's Day of 1949, Chiang Kai-shek issued a peace statement including the request to preserve the pseudo-constitution, pseudo-legal system and reactionary army, and then announced his "retirement" on the 21st, with Li Zongren as the acting president, who came forward to conduct "peace talks" with our party.But Chiang Kai-shek made arrangements to continue the war before his "retirement". After his "retirement", he took over the military and political power as the president of the Kuomintang, implemented behind-the-scenes manipulation, and strengthened his control over South China, Southwest China, and Taiwan. Guangdong, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other provinces have set up 14 training headquarters to organize and train recruits, in an attempt to re-expand the Kuomintang army to 3.5 million to 5 million people.

According to the national strategic situation, in response to Chiang Kai-shek's attempt, Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee decided to carry out the revolution to the end, completely overthrow the rule of the Chiang family dynasty, and liberate the whole of China. In January 1949, at the first party representative meeting of the Northwest Field Army, Peng Dehuai pointed out: The enemy's current general military policy is to rely on the Bashan Mountains and guard the Yangtze River to protect the south of the Yangtze River and the southwestern provinces.From a global perspective, there are still several big battles to be fought in the Northwest.We must concentrate our efforts to eliminate Hu Zongnan's forces, advance steadily, and expand the liberated areas; we must occupy a series of cities and have a set of urban policies; we must further strengthen discipline, overcome difficulties on the way to victory, and carry the revolution to the end.

According to the decision of the Central Military Commission, the Northwest Field Army was renamed the First Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from February 1, 1949. Peng Dehuai was the commander and political commissar, Zhang Zongxun and Zhao Shoushan were the deputy commanders, Yan Kuiyao was the chief of staff, and Gan Siqi was the chief of staff. The directors of the Political Department, Wang Zhengzhu and Li Fuke were the deputy chiefs of staff, Zhang Desheng was the deputy director of the Political Department, Liu Jingfan was the logistics commander, and Fang Zhongru was the logistics deputy commander.The field army has jurisdiction over the First Army, Second Army, Third Army, Fourth Army, Sixth Army, Seventh Army, and Eighth Army.Each army governs three divisions, and each division governs three regiments.Each army has an artillery regiment, an engineering regiment and a guard unit directly under it.

The First Army: He Bingyan was the commander, Liao Hansheng was the political commissar, and Chen Waiou was the chief of staff.Under the jurisdiction of the First Division (formerly adapted from the 358th Brigade), the division commander Huang Xinting, political commissar Yu Qiuli; the second division (formerly the independent first brigade adapted), division commander Wang Shangrong, political commissar Yan Jinsheng; brigade adaptation), Master Fu Biography, political commissar Cao Guanglin.The army was reorganized from the original first column. Second Army: Gong Zhen served as commander and political commissar, Guo Peng and Dun Xingyun as deputy commanders, Wang Enmao as deputy political commissar, and Zhang Xiqin as chief of staff.Under its jurisdiction is the Fourth Division (adapted from the former Independent Fourth Brigade), with division commander Dun Xingyun and political commissar Yang Xiushan; the fifth division (formerly adapted from the 359th Brigade), division commander Xu Guoxian, and political commissar Li Quan; the sixth division (formerly independent Adapted from the Sixth Brigade), division commander Zhang Zhonghan, political commissar Zeng Di.The army was reorganized from the original second column.The Third Army: Xu Guangda was the commander, Sun Zhiyuan was the political commissar, Zhu Ming was the deputy political commissar, Li Wenqing was the chief of staff, Deng Jiatai was the deputy chief of staff, and Jiang Yong was the deputy director of the Political Department.Under its jurisdiction is the Seventh Division (adapted from the former Independent Second Brigade), with division commander Tang Jinlong and political commissar Liang Renjiao; the eighth division (formerly independent third brigade adapted), division commander Yang Jiarui, and political commissar Meng Zhaoliang; the ninth division (formerly Independent Fifth Brigade) Adapted), division commander Zhu Shengda, political commissar Wang Chijun.The army was reorganized from the original third column.

The Fourth Army: Wang Shitai was the commander, Zhang Zhongliang was the political commissar, Sun Chaoqun was the deputy commander, Zhu Huizhao was the deputy political commissar, Zhang Wenzhou was the chief of staff, and Liu Suoping was the deputy director of the Political Department.Under its jurisdiction are the Tenth Division (adapted from the former 1st Brigade of the Police), with division commander Gao Jinchun and political commissar Zuo Ai; the 11th Division (reorganized from the former 3rd Brigade of the Security Guard), division commander Guo Bingkun, and political commissar Gao Weisong; Co-edited by the Fourth Brigade and the Sixth Cavalry Division), division commander Guo Baoshan, political commissar Li Zonggui.The army was reorganized from the original fourth column.

Sixth Army: Luo Yuanfa was the commander, Xu Fangqing was the political commissar, Tang Ziqi was the chief of staff, and Chen Haihan was the deputy chief of staff.Under its jurisdiction are the 16th Division (adapted from the original Teaching Brigade), with division commander Wu Zongxian and political commissar Guan Shengzhi; the 17th Division (formerly reorganized from the new Fourth Brigade), division commander Cheng Yuechang, and political commissar Huang Zhentang.The army was reorganized from the original sixth column. The Seventh Army: Peng Shaohui served as the commander, and Huang Zhongxue served as the director of the Political Department.Under the jurisdiction of the 19th Division (formerly adapted from the 10th Independent Brigade of the Jinsui Military Region), the division commander He Huiyan, and political commissar Zhu Shaotian; .The army was reorganized from the original seventh column and still stayed in Shanxi to fight.

Eighth Army: Yao Zhe served as commander.Under the jurisdiction of the 22nd Division (formerly adapted from the 11th Independent Brigade of the Jinsui Military Region), the division commander Fan Zhexiang, political commissar Huang Liqing; Committee member Jiang Wenhua.The army was reorganized from the original eighth column. The First Field Army directly under the First Cavalry Division (reorganized from the former First Cavalry Brigade, still staying in Jinsui to fight), the division commander Kang Jianmin, political commissar Li Zuoyu; field army operations), division commander Wang Zhi, political commissar Wang Zaixing.The First Field Army has a total of more than 155,000 people. Peng Dehuai, commander and political commissar of the First Field Army, is a commander who has experienced many battles and made outstanding achievements.Chairman Mao Zedong trusted and appreciated his art of commanding operations.Mao Zedong once wrote a poem in his own handwriting and presented it to Peng Dehuai: This poem is still widely recited by people today, and it has become the most concise and vivid portrayal not only of Peng Dehuai back then, but also of Peng Dehuai's life. Peng Dehuai, people affectionately call him Mr. Peng.His life has been magnificent, stormy, and tortuous. He once said: "I have many stories in my life, and I can't finish them for a few days and nights." When he said this, it was the time when the Chinese People's Liberation War was raging. Of course, he didn't have time to tell his story, because he was needed on the battlefield, and China's future and destiny needed him. Peng Dehuai was born in a poor peasant family in Pengjiaweizi, Wushi Village, Shitan Town, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province. His mother died and his father was seriously ill in his early years, so he had to drop out of school to cut firewood and sell money to subsidize his family.He grazed cattle for others, and worked as a water engineer and embankment worker. In 1916, Peng Dehuai went to Changsha to join the army. He was organized into the first battalion and one company of the sixth regiment and sixth regiment of the third brigade of the second division of the Hunan Army. He served as squad leader, acting platoon leader, platoon leader, acting company commander, company commander, acting battalion commander and battalion commander , acting head, head. In July 1928, together with Teng Daiyuan and others, he led the Fifth Independent Division and One Regiment to launch the Pingjiang Uprising, and then established the Fifth Army of the Red Army, serving as the commander and commander of the 13th Division.At the end of the same year, he led the main force of the Fifth Red Army to Ninggang and joined forces with the Fourth Red Army. In August 1937, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with Peng Dehuai as the deputy commander. In September, the Eighth Route Army was reorganized into the Eighteenth Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army, with Peng Dehuai as the deputy commander-in-chief.He commanded and launched the famous Hundred Regiments Campaign.During the 105-day battle, a total of 1,824 battles were fought, killing and wounding 20,645 Japanese soldiers and 5,155 puppet troops, capturing 281 Japanese soldiers and more than 18,400 puppet troops, pulling out 2,993 Japanese and puppet army strongholds, and capturing a large number of loot.During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, on the broad national revolutionary battlefield, in a complex historical environment intertwined with ethnic and class contradictions, cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and friction between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Peng Dehuai, under the guidance of the Party Central Committee and the correct line of Mao Zedong, showed his talents and boldness. The commander of the Red Army who is good at fighting and the general who can stand upright with a sword, has become an outstanding handsome talent of the Chinese People's Army and one of the famous leaders of the Communist Party of China.Peng Dehuai also consistently shared joys and sorrows with the soldiers and breathed with the people.In Yan'an, General Fan Ting, a veteran of the Revolution of 1911 and an anti-Japanese hero, saw Peng Dehuai. He was impressed by Peng Dehuai's noble qualities and wrote a poem as a present: In August 1945, Peng Dehuai served as vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and chief of staff.Until March 1947, he had been assisting Mao Zedong, Zhu De, etc. in the Central Military Commission to strategize and make decisions on military aircraft.When Chiang Kai-shek launched an all-out civil war, Peng Dehuai focused his attention on the deployment to defend Yan'an.Peng Dehuai later served as the commander and political commissar of the Northwest Field Army and the commander and political commissar of the First Field Army. On March 12, 1947, Peng Dehuai returned to Yan'an after inspecting the defense of the border area from Jinpen Bay, Chafang, Linzhen Town and other places, and went to Chairman Mao's cave to report the situation. Peng Dehuai pushed open the door and saw Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Ren Bishi and Mao Zedong sitting around the brazier.When Chairman Mao saw Peng Dehuai coming in, he said happily: "Come on, come on, you are really fast!" Peng Dehuai went straight to the brazier, sat down in the place Zhu De gave him, stretched out his frozen hands, rubbed them twice, and put them on the fire to roast. "How is the situation in the army?" Mao Zedong asked after taking two puffs of his cigarette and flicking the ash. "What's the mood of Political Commissar Xi and the others?" Liu Shaoqi, director of the General Political Department, also asked with concern. "The morale of the blocking troops is high, the commanders and fighters are full of confidence and determination, and the overall situation is good. It's just that the troops lack ammunition. A machine gun has less than 50 rounds of ammunition, and some mortars have only 20 rounds. This problem needs to be solved. solve quickly." After talking about the situation of the troops, everyone shared their views on an editorial published by the "Liberation Daily" "Cut off the bloody claws of the traitors outside the gate of Yan'an".After a while, Peng Dehuai's expression became serious, and he seemed to muster up his courage, and said to the leading comrades present: "I have a suggestion..." He seemed to hesitate again, fearing that speaking out would cause misunderstanding, so he just started Just stopped.At this time, everyone was watching him, thinking: This outspoken General Peng must have something important to say today. Peng Dehuai finally said what was in his heart: "The enemy is now, and the brigades in northern Shaanxi, plus local troops and logistics personnel, are only more than 20,000 people. There should be a unified command." He is an upright person , For the benefit of the revolution, he did not take into account the doubts and speculations that might arise. The cave was very quiet, and everyone was thinking about what Peng Dehuai said, and how to face and solve this problem. "What Dehuai said makes sense. Jinsui is consolidating the party, the army, and the land reform. Comrade He Long is busy there, so he can't get out of his career for a while. Besides, as the rear of northern Shaanxi, Northwest Shanxi also needs him." Mao Zedong Talking to himself, the voice is relatively small, but everyone present can hear it. Peng Dehuai saw that the chairman thought it was "reasonable", but he said boldly and tentatively: "Before Commander He comes to Yan'an, shall I temporarily command the troops in northern Shaanxi?" Mao Zedong did not answer right away, but turned his attention to Zhu De, then looked at Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi, as a way of asking for everyone's opinions.Since we worked together for a long time, the chairman knew from everyone's eyes that no one had any opinions, so he said: "I am ordered in danger, shoulder the heavy burden bravely, Comrade Dehuai, you have shared my worries again!" Ren Bishi continued: "Okay, okay, just now the chairman asked my secretary to prepare a draft, first international, then domestic, and then talk about the fate of China, the responsibility of party members, and mobilize you to take on the heavy responsibility of defending Yan'an. I didn't expect you, General Peng Take the initiative to ask for a fight!" In this way, Peng Dehuai provoked the burden of defending Yan'an. On March 16, the Central Military Commission issued an order: All corps and all troops in the border area will be under the command of Peng Dehuai and Xi Zhongxun from "March 17." According to the order of the Military Commission, Zhang Zongxun, Liao Hansheng's first column, Wang Zhen's second column, Luo Yuanfa's teaching brigade, and Zhang Xianyue's new fourth brigade formed the Northwest Field Corps. Peng Dehuai was the commander and political commissar, and Xi Zhongxun was the deputy political commissar.Since then, Peng Dehuai has been commanding the Northwest People's Liberation Army to fight. Zhang Zongxun was born on February 7, 1908 in a wealthy peasant family in Yantou Village, Chishui Town, Weinan, Shaanxi Province.Influenced by his uncle Zhang Haoru's anti-imperialist and patriotic thoughts when he was young, he was determined to save the people and revitalize the motherland.He entered the Whampoa Military Academy in his early years. Later, because he disclosed his identity as a Communist, he was ordered to leave the Kuomintang army and work in the recruit training office of the 24th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, where Ye Ting was the division commander.Later, he served as the deputy company commander and company commander of the tenth company of the Wuhan National Government Guard Corps. On September 9, 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprising broke out. Zhang Zongxun led the tenth company to act with the first echelon of the regiment and served as the company commander of the vanguard company.After the attack of the uprising troops was frustrated, Zhang Zongxun was forced to lead the whole company to move to Wenjia City to join the third regiment led by Mao Zedong.After the reorganization of Sanwan, Zhang Zongxun was transferred to the regiment headquarters as a staff officer, and later as the deputy commander of the spy company.During a marching break, Commissar Mao walked up to Zhang Zongxun, sat on the field ridge with a hat cushion, and asked Zhang Zongxun to sit beside him.Then he kindly asked Zhang Zongxun where he was from and how he joined the revolution.Zhang Zongxun answered them one by one.After hearing this, Committee Member Mao said humorously: "Ah, you are from Jiang Taigong's hometown. Jiang Taigong fished in Weishui River." Then he said: "When I set up a peasant movement workshop in Guangdong, there were many students from Shaanxi. The Chinese revolution is inseparable from the peasants, and the armed struggle must be combined with the peasant movement to arm the peasants. There are vast rural areas in our country and there are many peasants. As long as they are mobilized, the Chinese revolution will surely win." After listening to Comrade Mao With these words, Zhang Zongxun felt particularly bright in his heart, as if he had seen the dawn of the victory of the Chinese revolution. On October 24, Zhang Zongxun escorted Committee Member Mao to Dajing Village in Jinggangshan.In late autumn, the weather in Jinggangshan became cold, and the soldiers were still wearing single clothes, sleeping on door panels and grass at night.Zhang Zongxun, Luo Ronghuan, and Zeng Shi'e huddled together and covered a blanket.At that time, the clothes of the troops were supplemented by hunting local tyrants along the way, and they wore whatever they got.What they eat is red rice and pumpkin grown on the mountain.Although life is hard, Zhang Zongxun has always maintained the spirit of revolutionary optimism. He often sings popular folk songs with the soldiers: red rice, pumpkin soup, autumn eggplant, delicious, and the meal is well-fried; And yellow, gold silk quilt, cover the body, not afraid of the north wind and heavy snow, warm and fall asleep. In 1929, Zhang Zongxun followed Mao Zedong and Zhu De to leave Jinggangshan to march south of Jiangxi to the west of Fujian. He successively served as the deputy leader and detachment leader of the ninth detachment of the third column of the Fourth Red Army, and the acting chief of staff of the 12th Red Army. He participated in the struggle to establish the central revolutionary base.Later, based on the education team, the 12th Red Army was expanded into the 36th Division. Zhang Zongxun served as the division commander and Deng Hua served as the political commissar. On January 3, 1937, Zhang Zongxun led the cadres of the Second Branch of the Red Army University to Baoan (now Zhidan County) and met with Chairman Mao at noon that day.Chairman Mao Zedong said cordially to Zhang Zongxun: The revolution sent you home from the south. On January 6, the Central Military Commission appointed Zhang Zongxun as the director of the First Bureau of the Military Commission.After Zhang Zongxun took office, he immediately organized the relocation of the Military Commission column from Baoan to Yan'an. On January 13, Zhang Zongxun entered Yan'an City with the column of the Military Commission. On January 19, the Central Military Commission appointed Zhang Zongxun concurrently as the commander of the Fuxian and Ganquan garrison.He asked Chairman Mao Zedong for instructions before taking up his new post.Chairman Mao Zedong said: To do a good job in the work of entering the city, we must pay attention to making more friends and prevent the tendency of closed-doorism.After Zhang Zongxun took office, after many efforts, he overcame various difficulties and resistances, and finally successfully completed the work of entering the city. In early August, Zhang Zongxun was transferred to the commander of the Fourth Division of the Red Second Front Army, and Li Jingquan was the political commissar. During the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang Zongxun served as the commander of the 358th Brigade of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army.Following the instructions of He Long and Guan Xiangying, Zhang Zongxun mobilized, propagated and organized the masses behind the enemy to carry out guerrilla warfare, attack and ambush the enemy, destroy the enemy's transportation lines, and deal a great blow to the Japanese army.In the famous "Hundred Regiments Battle" of our army, Zhang Zongxun commanded the 358th Brigade and fraternal troops to fight 19 times, killing and wounding 220 Japanese soldiers, capturing 10 Japanese soldiers, conquering a stronghold, destroying 20 miles of railways and 15 miles of roads. , two bridges, and completed the combat tasks assigned by the division headquarters. In order to facilitate the unified command of operations and strengthen the leadership of the people's armed forces in the base areas, the Shanxi Northwest Military Region was established in Xing County on October 30, 1940 with the approval of the Central Military Commission.Zhang Zongxun served as the commander of the third military division.In the battle against the Japanese invading army's frenzied "mopping up" of the anti-Japanese base areas in North China, Zhang Zongxun led the 358th Brigade to carry out guerrilla warfare in Northwest Shanxi, organized the masses to clear the fields from empty rooms, and waited for opportunities to concentrate superior forces to find and wipe out small groups of enemies. , or turn to the outer line to cut off the enemy's traffic, and attack the enemy's strongholds. Under various forms of attack, the "mopping up" Japanese army was restless all day long. In June 1943, the Kuomintang diehards launched the third anti-communist upsurge, and deployed more troops around the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area, preparing to attack Yan'an.Zhang Zongxun led the 358th Brigade from Northwest Shanxi to the Hulu River area south of Yan'an and west of Fu County, and deployed in an arc with the New Fourth Brigade and the Teaching Brigade on the main road leading to Yan'an in the south.Under the strong pressure of public opinion at home and abroad and the Eighth Route Army's preparations, Chiang Kai-shek was forced to order Hu Zongnan to stop military operations in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and the third anti-communist climax launched by the Kuomintang diehards ended.In order to prevent the Kuomintang diehards from launching another sudden incident, Zhang Zongxun was ordered to lead the 358th brigade to station on the spot and guard the south gate of Yan'an. In July 1945, on the eve of the final victory of the Chinese people's war of resistance against Japanese aggression, the Kuomintang diehard army Hu Zongnan, under the secret order of Chiang Kai-shek, launched an attack on Yetai Mountain, Chunhua County, Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, and attacked Xunyi and Yaoxian counties. and so on.In accordance with the order of the Central Military Commission, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shandong-Sui Joint Defense Force Command immediately established the Yetai Mountain Counterattack Temporary Command, with Zhang Zongxun as the commander and Xi Zhongxun as the political commissar. A total of eight regiments participated in the battle with the 358th Brigade. At midnight on August 8, Zhang Zongxun commanded a counterattack force to launch a general attack on Mount Yetai. On the 10th, he wiped out one battalion and five companies in the south of the stubborn army Hu Zong, and regained all the lost ground including Mount Yetai.After the battle, the temporary headquarters was revoked, and Zhang Zongxun went to Northwest Shanxi with the 358th Brigade to establish the Luliangshan Military Region and expand the anti-Japanese base in Northwest Shanxi. After the establishment of the Jinsui Field Army, Zhang Zongxun served as the deputy commander.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhang concurrently served as the commander and political commissar of the Luliang Military Region under the Jinsui Military Region, under the jurisdiction of five military divisions.Zhang Zongxun commanded the troops of the five divisions to recover the lost ground, mobilized the masses, rapidly expanded the liberated areas, and strengthened the revolutionary forces. In February 1947, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Field Army was established, with Zhang Zongxun as its commander.Later, he served as the deputy commander of the Northwest Field Army and assisted Peng Dehuai in dealing with the Kuomintang troops in Yan'an, Anding, Wayaobao, and Qingjian. Zhao Shoushan was originally a senior general of the Kuomintang.He is Yang Hucheng's subordinate and a patriotic general of the Kuomintang. He was born in Hu County, Shaanxi Province in December 1894.When he was young, he admired Yang Hucheng's revolutionary patriotic spirit and was dissatisfied with imperialist aggression and Beiyang warlord rule, so he joined Yang Hucheng's army.He actively advocated the Anti-Japanese War, participated in the "Xi'an Incident" launched by Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, and commanded Kong Congzhou's troops to disarm the reactionary forces in Xi'an and maintain social order in Xi'an. After the Xi'an Incident was resolved peacefully, Chiang Kai-shek broke his promise and detained Zhang Xueliang.Yang Hucheng was forced to go abroad for investigation.The 17th Route Army was downsized into the 38th Army, and Zhao Shoushan was appointed as the commander of the 17th Division of the Army. After Yang Hucheng was arrested after returning to China, Zhao Shoushan publicly expressed his dissatisfaction.At that time, the Northwest District Intelligence Station of the Military Control Bureau reported to Chiang Kai-shek: "The central figure of Yang Hucheng's old department is not Sun Weiru but Zhao Shoushan. His thinking is left-leaning, and his secretary for many years is a member of the Communist Party. During the Xi'an Incident, Zhao Shoushan advocated detaining the chairman and Resolutely opposed to the release. After the Xi'an Incident, he believed that he was oppressed and discriminated against, and he was extremely indignant at Yang Hucheng's imprisonment." They believed that Zhao Shoushan was "the military embodiment of General Yang". In the name of the War of Resistance, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the divisions of the 38th Army to go to the front line of the North China Anti-Japanese War. On July 21, the 17th Division of the Zhao Department set off from Sanyuan and arrived in Baoding, Hebei on August 2. It participated in the blocking battle, the Battle of Caohe, and the Battle of Fuhe in Xin'an Town, north of Baoding, Hebei. In October, more than 13,000 people from the 17th Division of the Zhao Department were ordered to guard the frontal position of Niangziguan in Shanxi.In the repeated battles for the main position of Xuehua Mountain outside the pass, there were many casualties.After the fall of Taiyuan, the Kuomintang troops in Shanxi fled to the southeast of Shanxi one after another.The 17th Division of the Zhao Department was also exhausted.In order to preserve this anti-Japanese armed force, the Communist Party suggested that the Zhao Department conduct training at the station of the Eighth Route Army Remaining Corps in Western Shanxi to regroup.Zhao accepted this suggestion, visited Suide and Yan'an successively, was received by Mao Zedong, Ye Jianying and other leaders of the Communist Party, and determined to cooperate with the Communist Party to resist Japan. In the autumn of 1938, Chiang Kai-shek organized the original 17th Route Army into the 38th Army and the 96th Army. Zhao Shoushan served as the commander of the 38th Army and stationed in Maojindu, Pinglu County.However, Chiang Kai-shek passively resisted Japan and actively opposed the Communist Party, which made Zhao Shoushan feel that the future of cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party was bleak, so he was determined to vote for the Communist Party and was allowed to join the Party.And Chiang Kai-shek has always been worried about this "no-name" army. In the winter of 1943, Chiang Kai-shek transferred Zhao Shoushan to the Chongqing Kuomintang Central Training Corps for training, making him separate from the army. In March 1944, Zhao Shoushan was transferred to Wuwei, Gansu Province, to serve as the air commander of the third group army, and Zhang Yaoming, a close relative of the direct line, was sent to replace the commander of the 38th army. column". Before his departure, Zhao Shoushan exposed Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy to the old ministry, and led a ministry to revolt in the old county of Luoning, Henan, and defected to the liberated area. In January 1948, Zhao Shoushan was appointed as the deputy commander of the Northwest Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and participated in the work of the former enemy general headquarters, directly fighting against the Kuomintang troops of Chiang Kai-shek and Hu Zongnan. He Bingyan is a one-armed general.He is from Songzi County, Hubei Province. In the autumn of 1928, He Long led his troops to Songzi, which had a great influence on He Bingyan at that time.When He Long led his troops to Songzi in the spring of 1929, He Bingyan and his father participated in the revolution together.When he first joined the army, he fed horses for the army, and later became an orderly, and was soon transferred to the pistol team of the general headquarters as a soldier and squad leader. At the end of 1930, He Long’s troops were besieged by the enemy in Yanglin City, Songzi. He Bingyan and the soldiers of the pistol team escorted He Long, Deng Zhongxia and other regiment leaders to break through the encirclement.He Bingyan was quick and witty, and cut through the pocket of silver dollars on the horse's pack with a knife, and the silver dollars fell to the ground.When the enemy's main force came, He Bingyan and others had already escaped from the encirclement by the head of the guard regiment. In the spring of 1932, He Bingyan was transferred to the Hunan Hubei Military Academy as the district captain. At the beginning of June, the Sichuan army took advantage of the fact that the main force of the Red Army had already marched to Xiangbei to fight. Relying on its large number of people and excellent equipment, it divided its troops into three groups and rushed to Chen Tuozi, the seat of the Western Hubei Central Branch and the Revolutionary Military Committee of the Soviet Area.In order to defend the branch and the Military Commission, military academy cadets were ordered to fight.He Bingyan saw that there were too many students participating in the battle and few guns, so he took the initiative to give up his guns to the students around him, and he went to the cooking class to pick up a kitchen knife and went into battle with the students. He imitated He Long's way of revolutionizing with a kitchen knife in the past, he rushed into the enemy's formation, slashed from left to right, and killed several enemies who approached him before they could react.Then, he picked up the enemy's gun and shot at the enemy bravely.The cadets of the military academy fought bravely in the Vietnam War, and the Sichuan Army fled in embarrassment. After the battle, He Bingyan's brave actions made a sensation in the military academy, and the school rewarded him for being brave and tenacious, while the students approvingly called him "He Xiaolong". When He Bingyan heard this title, he said with emotion: "Thank you for giving me this nickname. I dare not compare it with Commander He Long; but it is my motto to learn from Commander-in-Chief's spirit of fighting for the cause of the liberation of the Chinese people." On December 22, 1935, He Long's troops encountered two divisions of the enemy's Taoguang column at Wawutang between Wugang and Suining. At this time, He Bingyan had become the commander of the fifth division of the Red Army's Red Army.He Bingyan stood behind a boulder and observed the battle situation. He found that although the enemy occupied a favorable terrain, they had not built fortifications and their foothold was not stable, so he decisively ordered: "Blow the charge! The whole division will attack the east mountain!" He Bingyan personally led the special agent company to launch the attack. Suddenly gunshots and shouts filled the mountains and plains. The Kuomintang army who had just climbed to the top of the mountain thought they had the upper hand. Unexpectedly, the Red Army attacked from the flank. "Quick, quick, turn the gun and attack the Red Army behind the mountain." Tao Guang hurriedly adjusted his deployment. Seeing that the enemy was attracted, He Bingyan commanded the troops to fire violently at the enemy. Suddenly, with a bang, a grenade exploded beside Mr. He, and the blast knocked him to the ground.He Bingyan wiped the dust off his face and found that the machine gunner beside him had died. As soon as the Red Army's machine guns stopped, the Kuomintang troops rushed over.He Bingyan jumped up, raised his machine gun, and fired at the enemy.Seeing such a tough opponent, the Kuomintang army, which was afraid of death, had to retreat while fighting. Seeing that the enemy was retreating, He Bingyan was about to direct the troops to charge when suddenly a swarm of bullets flew from the side. He Bingyan was shot in the right arm, and blood gushed out of the bullet hole on the thick cotton sleeve.At first, he was conscious and struggled to bandage, but before he took a few steps, he fell to the ground and passed out. After He Bingyan was sent to the temporary first-aid station in the field, after emergency rescue, the wound stopped bleeding and he was awake.Seeing He Long by his side, he endured great pain and said, "It's...it's nothing, it's just...it's...he died...some flowers." Minister of Health He Biao was very sad, because as a doctor, he knew very well: He Bingyan's injury was very serious. The bone in his right arm was broken and had to be amputated!He had no choice but to truthfully report to He Long. Still holding on to a glimmer of hope, He Long asked eagerly, "Have you seen it clearly? Is there any other way?" He Biao understood Mr. He's mood and shook his head helplessly. In this way, He Bingyan lost his right arm.With tears in his eyes, he asked He Long worriedly: "Can I still fight?" "Why not! You still have your left hand, so you can still ride a horse and shoot a gun!" He Long said encouragingly, holding He Bingyan's hand. After the operation, He Bingyan only lay on the stretcher for six days, and then rode his horse and led his troops to gallop on the battlefield again! During the Long March, He Bingyan overcame many difficulties and finally adapted to the life of "top leader". Later, in the 18th regiment of the Red Army under He Long's command, there was another one-armed general who was famous in the northwest. What he lost was his left arm, and he was Yu Qiuli.American writer Harrison.When Salisbury interviewed the legendary general, he described him like this: "He is short and stout, with a warm smile on his broad face, a hearty voice, rough manners, waving his Exaggerated gestures with the remaining arm." He Bingyan was the head of the regiment, and Yu Qiuli, who was in the 18th regiment with He Bingyan, was the political commissar of the regiment. I don't know whether it was a coincidence of fate or a trick of the war. Less than a year after the regiment leader lost his right arm, the regiment political commissar lost his left arm, so The two "top leaders" became the best partners.It was this pair of partners who brought out an iron-clad force, which became the basic backbone of the First Army of the First Field Army. In August 1937, the Second Red Army and the Sixth Red Army were reorganized into the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army. The region persisted in the anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare.In the second year, the 120th Division formed the third detachment of the Eighth Route Army, with the original Eighteenth Regiment of the Second Red Army as the backbone, He Bingyan as the commander of the detachment, and Yu Qiuli as the political commissar.Therefore, the two "top leaders" troops won the first battle of Banjiawo, knocking the Japanese army a sap; In April 1940, He Bingyan was transferred to Yan'an Military Academy to study. In November, the third detachment of the Eighth Route Army was downsized into the eighth regiment, which was organized into the 358th brigade, and Yu Qiuli served as the political commissar of the regiment.When the Northwest Field Army was established, the first column was composed of the 358th Brigade and the Independent First Brigade. He Bingyan successively served as the deputy commander and commander of the first column. When the First Field Army was established, the First Column was reorganized into the First Army, and the original 358th Brigade was reorganized into the First Division.He Bingyan served as the commander of the First Army, and Yu Qiuli served as the political commissar of the First Division. Wang Zhen, people call him "General Beard".He is a legendary and famous general who came out of Hunan. He was born in Liuyang, Hunan in 1908, a fellow of Mao Zedong.Due to the poor family background, Wang Zhen was the eldest among the ten children of the Wang family, so at the age of 13, he had to go to Changsha alone to work.After joining the Communist Party, Wang Zhen returned to his hometown to pull up a team and organize a guerrilla group. September 12, 1930 was a very special day for Wang Zhen.Because the Red Army failed to attack Changsha and decided to retreat across the board, Wang Zhen and his guerrillas officially turned into a regular Red Army on this day, and on this day, Wang Zhen met Mao Zedong, whom he had long admired. At that time, Mao Zedong held important positions such as the General Political Commissar of the First Front Army, the Secretary of the General Front Committee, and the Chairman of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Committee.Teng Daiyuan, political commissar of the Red Army Corps standing beside Mao Zedong, introduced Wang Zhen to Mao Zedong and said: "This is Wang Zhen, secretary of the Liuxiang Special Zone Committee of the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi Border Region, political commissar of the Sixth Division of the Red Guards, and branch of the First Liubei Guerrilla Detachment. secretary……" "Wang Zhen!" Mao Zedong said happily, "I've heard about your name for a long time! You have distributed many leaflets and notices in your name, haven't you?" Wang Zhen nodded. Mao Zedong went on to say: "Those leaflets and notices are very well designed." Wang Zhen said: "My original name was Wang Yukai, and I was also called Wang Zhenglin. The scholars in our guerrilla team said that the name 'Wang Zhen' was famous. Using this name to issue notices caused a great shock, and it could calm the local people, the rich and the militia. ，便鼓动我改这个名字。我是个粗人，没喝过多少墨水，你看到的那些传单、布告都是我们的那些秀才们写的。” “我看不像完全出自纤纤秀才之手，倒像经过你所说的粗人的刀砍斧劈，有一种气势！”毛泽东赞许地说。 接着，毛泽东简单介绍了二攻长沙的情况，并告诉王震，中央决定抽调湘东各地游击队，组建湘东独立师，以巩固和发展湘赣革命根据地。几天后，王震带着百十号人踏上了赴萍乡大安里参加组建红军独立师的崎岖山路，也踏上了漫长的南征北战的军旅之途。 此后，王震历任团政委、师政治部主任、师政委、红八军代政委、湘赣军区代司令员、红六军团政委、红二军团政委等职。 在长期的征战途中，他的面庞日渐消瘦，而他满脸的络缌胡子却长得又密又长。不少人劝他抽空把胡子刮一刮，他却说：“不到陕北，不见到毛主席，我不刮胡子！”就是他的胡子，也引出不少传奇故事。 抗战爆发后，王震被任命为八路军第一二零师第三五九旅副旅长，1938年出任三五九旅旅长兼政委，从此，他与三五九旅结下了不解之缘。三五九旅在华北前线是一支能打仗的部队，然而陕甘宁边区严峻的形势，令这支英雄之旅较早地离开了前线抗战的大舞台。人们提起“三五九旅”，更多的是与南泥湾联系在一起。南泥湾开荒，三五九旅一万多名勇士创造了奇迹！ 中原突围，王震及他率领的部队又经受了一次严峻的考验。正是三五九旅的艰难征战，吸引了敌人大量兵力，打乱了敌人的围歼部署，使中原军区主力赢得了时间。有人就这一行动写了一首打油诗： 李郑大军进鄂陕，王震将军入秦川。 南北形成磨两扇，磨死老狗胡宗南。 西北野战军成立后，王震任第二纵队司令员兼政委，一直在彭总指挥下作战。第一野战军第二军的前身就是三五九旅。 许光达善打硬仗。他原名许德华，是湖南长沙人。1926年1月，这位农民的儿子千里迢迢来到广州黄埔，被编进了黄埔五期炮科十一大队学习。在黄埔军校，许光达听过周恩来等人的演讲，坚定了共产主义信念。毕业后，被分配到国民革命军第二方面军当见习排长。当听到南昌起义的消息后，他奉命率领部队，经过连续几天的爬山涉水，终于在宁都城里找到了起义军第二十五师。许光达在师部见到了师长周士第，周师长把他安排在七十五团当排长。 七十五团是一支光荣的部队，他的前身是北伐时期叶挺独立团的第一营，在攻打泗桥、贺胜桥战斗中，该营屡建奇功。许光达不久升任十一连连长，在一次阵地战中，被炮弹炸伤。他在一农家养好伤后，又跋山涉水去寻找组织和部队。1928年8月，许光达来到了贺龙领导的鄂西革命根据地。不久，许光达任红六军参谋长。1930年，红二军团成立，贺龙为总指挥，辖红二军、红六军，许光达任红六军十七师师长。 1931年5 月，红二军团整编，许光达任八师二十二团团长。在马良坪战斗中，许光达显露了卓越的军事才能。他以一个团的兵力与敌十几个团周旋，牵制了敌人，并安全突围，让贺龙惊喜不已。为此，三军召开了庆功大会，庆祝二十二团凯旋归来。不久，许光达任八师师长。在一次攻坚战中，许光达被敌人机枪扫中，负伤后送往上海治疗。恢复健康后到莫斯科学习。 1937年回国后，许光达历任抗大教育长、西北军区独立旅旅长、晋西北军区第二分区司令。在八年抗战中，他的指挥素质和军事理论素养更加成熟，已成为军内外公认的一员儒将。 1947年，西北野战军成立，许光达任第三纵队司令员。 1949年，全军统一编制后，许光达纵队改编为第三军，许光达任军长。 在一野部队中，还有许多战将，如第四军军长王世泰、第六军军长罗元发、第七军军长彭绍辉、第八军军长姚喆、师长黄新廷、王尚荣、唐金龙…… 他们和他们率领的部队都有辉煌的战绩，都有不平凡的经历。 中央军委在决定中国人民解放军统一整编的同时，对全军的战略部署也作了明确的安排：1949年初，人民解放军应争取解放湘、鄂、赣、苏、皖、浙、闽、陕、甘等九省的大部，其中有些省则是全部。还指出：“平津、淮海、太原、大同诸役以后，几个大的野战军必须休整至少两个月，完成渡江南进的诸项准备工作。然后，有步骤地稳健地向南方进军。” 1949年5月23日，中央军委就渡江后的进军问题作出了具体的部署。 其中给予第一野战军的任务是：向西北进军，负责歼灭马步芳、马鸿逵等部及胡宗南集团一部，解放并经营陕、甘、宁、青、新五省，其中一部（10月，中央军委确定为第十八兵团）则准备入川。 第一野战军的指战员们浴血奋战，终于等到了歼灭其生死对头——胡宗南集团和马匪集团、胜利解放大西北的这一天。