Chapter 15 Chapter Fourteen

A column of special forces that started from scratch and "picked up the ocean".The shell hit his own position, and the head of the column shouted, "The artillery has special agents."When the artillery team entered the customs, the people were dumbfounded: Is this the "Tuba Road" who left the customs and came back?Railway column: the only one among the five field armies. In December 1948, when Dongye's million-strong army entered the pass, a majestic artillery team of gold and iron horses marched among the million-strong army.The common people along the way in North China have never seen such a proud PLA team.Those American 150 heavy-duty howitzers towed by American ten-wheel trucks had barrels thicker than the electric poles on the side of the road. How many cannons?"

The people along the way naturally still clearly remember: three years ago, these "earth roads" also passed through this road.But at that time, in addition to rifles, they had at most a few small mortars carried on their shoulders.In stark contrast, the "National Army" who came out of the customs immediately after that was fully equipped with planes, cannons, and tanks, and what a grandeur it was!At that time, the common people in Northeast China, even those who sympathized with the Communist Party, couldn't believe it: with their small team, they could defeat the Kuomintang?

But the Communist Party is God!The artillery cadres who left the customs almost bare-handed brought back the most powerful special forces column among the five field armies when they entered the customs.The construction of artillery units of the Northeast Field Army has gone through a difficult road.This embodies a lot of hard work of the artillery founder headed by Zhu Rui. Since August 1945, our army began to enter the Northeast one after another.In October of that year, Mr. Dong used the first batch of Japanese artillery to form an artillery brigade.The brigade has two regiments under its jurisdiction, the first regiment is the mountain artillery regiment, with 5 companies and 15 mountain artillery; the second regiment is the field artillery regiment, with 3 companies and 17 field artillery.Although it is known as a brigade, there are only 32 small cannons in all its possessions.In addition, there are a small number of mortars carried by the troops entering the Northeast.Although the East Field Headquarters also asked the troops below to work hard to collect artillery, the troops had no time to repair and rectify the collected artillery, and were unable to form their own artillery units due to the extreme shortage of artillery professional cadres and soldiers.At that time, there were also individual units that used captured puppet Manchukuo officers and soldiers to set up three or two artillery companies for the needs of the suppression of bandits.But after the task of suppressing the bandits was completed, the artillery was found to be inconvenient to carry, so it was put aside again.Therefore, in that period, the artillery of each army has not been developed much.

The Northeast Artillery Force was on the right track and developed rapidly after Zhu Rui came to the Northeast. On September 25, 1945, in order to implement the strategic intention of the Party Central Committee to establish the Northeast Rear Area, most of the staff of the Yan'an Artillery School, led by Principal Zhu Rui, marched into the Northeast.The Party Central Committee transferred a large number of cadres from the liberated areas and went to the Northeast at the same time.So Zhu Rui walked all the way and met all the way. When he arrived in the northeast, there were more than a thousand people.

Zhu Rui can be regarded as an old artilleryman. In 1925, Zhu Rui, who had just turned 20, was sent by the party to study in the Soviet Union. He graduated from Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Krasin Artillery School successively. After returning to China in 1930, he has been engaged in military work. In the summer of 1945, after studying at the Yan'an Central Party School, Zhu Rui was appointed acting principal of the Yan'an Artillery School. Zhu Rui is a straightforward person, he is bold and decisive in his work, and he does it as soon as he says it.As soon as he arrived in the Northeast, he divided the professional artillery cadres he brought into two parts: a small number stayed in the artillery school to train new students; a large number were assigned to various military regions and units to assist the establishment of artillery units below.Zhu Rui concretized Mao Zedong's educational thought of "learning war from war" and creatively put forward the slogan: "The Artillery School Supports Soldiers 2,500——Turn the school into an army, and the army trains recruits—Take the army as a school."By July 1946, the Artillery School completed the task of expanding its troops, and on the basis of the original artillery brigade, it enriched the Second Artillery Regiment and the Chariot Brigade, and newly formed the Third Artillery Regiment.

In order to solve the problem of insufficient artillery, he asked the cadres of the artillery school to collect the artillery abandoned by the Japanese and puppet troops extensively.Most of the various artillery discarded by the Japanese army were incomplete, and only a few were made into one cannon.As of June 1946, more than 700 artillery pieces of various types had been collected throughout Northeast China.In addition to the two artillery regiments and one tank regiment owned by the Artillery School, plus the artillery regiments of various military regions, the total has reached 6 Type B artillery regiments, 4 Type C artillery regiments, 6 artillery battalions and 20 artillery companies. 80 artillery batteries.

In just half a year, Dongye's artillery company has increased tenfold!The artillery has grown 20 times!Siping retreated, and the Artillery School moved accordingly.Zhu Rui regards these various cannons as his lifeblood.The sledge was dragged and the cart was pulled. At any rate, all his belongings were moved from Tonghua to Mudanjiang. Before and after the Three Downs to the South of the Yangtze River, as long as the combat tasks were not tense, the main task of the Artillery Academy was to collect ammunition. In early May 1947, ordinary people came to report that the Japanese Kwantung Army had buried many heavy weapons in Jingpo Lake, Muling, Sunwu, Heihe and other places on the eve of surrender, and said, "Come back in 20 years."Zhu Rui was overjoyed after hearing this, and decided to set off a campaign to collect weapons when he was free from combat.

The third and fourth artillery regiments and one battalion each of the first and second artillery regiments were sent to the deep mountains and wilderness of the Japanese defense line to search for and dig "treasures" and gained a lot.Zhou Tian, ​​the deputy company commander of the artillery school guard company, collected more than 20 cannons by himself, and was named "The Hero of Searching Cannons".In this way, Zhu Rui led the troops to "pick up foreigners" and "make money", and quickly expanded the Dongye Artillery Unit. Under Zhu Rui's vigorous planning, Dongye decided to set up an Artillery Division in the late period of the Siping Defense War (June 1946) in order to solve the problem of different artillery formations and inconsistent command in the troops below.However, due to the tension of the war, followed by the retreat of the main force after the defeat of the Siping Defense War, this decision was temporarily shelved.It was not until July, after the Northeast Bureau and the Eastern General Manager moved to Harbin, that the "Paozi No. 1 Order" was issued.On the basis of fully affirming the importance of artillery in warfare, the order proposes that in terms of force building, artillery should become a branch of our army; Reorganization and use" is the policy.Under the guidance of this correct policy, in November, the five main artillery regiments were basically ready to be equipped, and one of them participated in the battle in early November.

In mid-November 1946, the Eastern Headquarters established the Artillery Command with the Artillery Adjustment Department and the Artillery School Department to unify the command, equipment, and training of the artillery of the Northeast Army.Zhu Rui served as commander, Qiu Chuangcheng served as political commissar, Kuang Yumin (and chief of staff) and Jia Tao served as deputy commanders, and Liu Chengying served as director of the Political Department.The Artillery School is under the jurisdiction of the Artillery Division, and Zhu Rui, Qiu Chuangcheng, and Jia Tao are the principals, political commissars, and vice-principals.

The Artillery Division has jurisdiction over the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 regiments, tank brigade, anti-aircraft gun brigade, mortar teaching brigade, artillery school and logistics units.The Special Forces Column of the Fourth Field Army was developed from these units under the jurisdiction of the Artillery Division. The establishment of the Artillery Command marks that the Northeast Artillery Force has begun to form an independent branch.Since the scattered artillery units received the unified administrative management and education of the Artillery Division, both the main artillery regiment directly under the field department and the artillery units of divisions, brigades, and columns have developed rapidly in a short period of time.

As of March 1947, the South Manchurian Artillery had 27 mountain artillery companies, and the North Manchurian Army had even more impressive numbers, with 73 mountain artillery companies (including 3 tank companies and 2 antiaircraft artillery companies). There are 60 infantry mortar companies and mixed infantry mortar companies in the upper South Manchuria and North Manchuria troops, totaling 160 artillery companies. The North Manchu artillery unit began to participate in the battle in early November 1946.The degree of artillery participation in the war has changed our army's original combat method of relying on people to send explosives to blast.Since the artillery unit is still in its infancy, the difficult indirect shooting technology has not yet been mastered.During the three battles in the south of the Yangtze River, the artillery of some troops used long-distance indirect fire, and the shells fell on their own positions from time to time. Some column commanders were so angry that they yelled: "Mother, if you don't hit the enemy, you will hit me. Artillery has special agents!" In addition, in the tactics of artillery use, each unit also has a process of gradually exploring. In January 1947, during the fortified battle of Dehui in the south of the Yangtze River, the North Manchurian army sent four artillery regiments (30 artillery companies) into the battle. This is the first major appearance of our artillery on the black soil!The infantry brothers cheered for the huge artillery unit to join the battle, and the artillery unit also proudly thought that the city of Dehui had been flattened by the bombardment alone. However, in actual combat, there has been a problem of evenly using troops in the deployment of troops.The four infantry divisions participating in the battle were one each in the east, west, north and south, and the four artillery regiments were evenly divided into one division for each division. Each division then divided the artillery company it got into each regiment, each battalion, and even the sharp knife company.As a result, after the fight broke out, the artillery units fought on their own, fighting indiscriminately.By the time the general offensive was launched, the shells had been exhausted.For this reason, after the war, Liu Yalou, the chief of staff of Dongye, was severely criticized: "You think this is a distribution of clothes, one for each person? Even if you distribute clothes, you can't wear them indiscriminately!" "After the battle, the Northeast Field Army began to shift from strategic defense to strategic counter-offensive, and the construction of the East Field Artillery also entered the second stage. In March 1947, the Artillery Command held the first Artillery Conference in Shuangcheng in order to summarize the establishment and operations of the Artillery Army in the past year.The meeting pointed out that the combat of the artillery unit should be based on direct shooting and close combat, with "fast", "accurate" and "violent" as the criteria; the training of the artillery unit should focus on improving technology in the military, and rectify discipline in political education. Mainly. After the summer offensive of the Northeast Field Army began, on May 22, Zhu Rui personally led the main force of the East Field Artillery to go south to cooperate with the Ra (Fa) Ji (Lin) campaign launched by the Six Columns.First, they wiped out the 113th Regiment of the 38th Division of the Kuomintang at the foot of Laoyeling Mountain, and then crossed the Songhua River to capture Huadian. In mid-to-late June, the Artillery Division participated in the first Siping battle, using a total of 47 wild howitzers.This is another large-scale city wall breakthrough operation by the artillery unit directly under Dongye after Dehui's attack.It was through this battle that the East Field Artillery Force initially mastered the infantry coordination tactics. After the summer offensive of 1947, the East Field Artillery was basically on the right track.After the start of the winter offensive, the infantry unit changed its past view that "artillery is not helpful", and cheered when they saw their artillery team approaching from a distance.When encountering a traffic jam during the march, no matter how urgent his task was, he hurriedly gave way to the artillery.The infantry of our army, who have always relied on their flesh and blood to risk their lives to explode, is probably the unit in the world that has the deepest understanding of the importance of artillery. Zhu Rui attaches great importance to the summary of actual combat experience. After each battle, he organizes the troops to carry out "combat evaluation" and "thinking of ways" campaigns, so that the technical and tactical levels of the artillery units are improved every battle.After participating in a series of battles such as Zhangwu and Xinlitun, the directly subordinate artillery units successively participated in the Gongzhutun, Liaoyang, Anshan, and Siping battles. The key to "fast", "accurate" and "fierce".Due to the outstanding performance of the artillery in the above-mentioned fortified operations, it won the praise of the infantry and was awarded by the Dongzong. In April 1948, the Artillery Command held the second Artillery Conference in Harbin.The meeting mainly summarized the operations of the past year, and studied issues such as infantry coordination and artillery use. According to the detailed statistics at this meeting, the entire Northeast Field Army has a total of 143 heavy mountain artillery companies, 12 infantry artillery companies, 7 anti-war artillery companies, 43 mixed artillery companies, and 70 mortar companies, totaling 275 companies. .The army has 572 mountain, field, and heavy artillery pieces (including 79 howitzers and cannons over 100 mm), 863 infantry, forced, and anti-war artillery pieces, and 3,083 small artillery projectiles, totaling 4,518 pieces.The Artillery Artillery Office also built three artillery repair factories from scratch through hard work, with nearly a thousand workers, repairing more than 600 artillery pieces and producing more than 100,000 shells. On August 15, 1948, the Artillery Column of the Northeast People's Liberation Army was established under the Artillery Command.Su Jing served as commander, Qiu Chuangcheng served as political commissar, Kuang Yumin served as deputy commander and chief of staff, and Liu Chengying served as deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department.Under its jurisdiction are three mule-horse field howitzer regiments, two motorized heavy artillery regiments, two motorized anti-aircraft artillery regiments, one heavy mortar regiment, one tank regiment, and one engineer battalion.In addition, among the 12 field armies in Dongye, the army has artillery regiments, and the division has artillery battalions. In September 1948, the prelude to the strategic decisive battle in Northeast China-the Liaoshen Campaign kicked off.Just when the artillery unit was engaged in the decisive battle with great enthusiasm, Commander Zhu Rui, the founder of the Artillery Unit of the Fourth Field Army, unfortunately died under the city wall of Yi County on October 5, 1948. On October 1, 1948, in order to clear the periphery of Jinzhou first, the battle for Yixian County was launched.As the artillery commander, Zhu Rui attached great importance to this tough battle.And go to the front line to command. At that time, in order to better cooperate with infantry units in attacking fortified battles, Pao Zong adopted a new tactic - approaching and shooting.That is to push the cannon as close as possible to the front of the city wall and the enemy's fortifications, and shoot directly and bombard the enemy's target.Practice has proved that this "bayonet on the cannon" method is quite effective for quickly and accurately opening gaps from the enemy's solid defense line.Zhu Rui summed up the experience from the lower levels in time, and commanded the artillery unit to adopt this tactic intensively for the first time in the battle against Yixian. Zhu Rui regarded the siege of Yixian as a rehearsal for the battle of Jinzhou.The city wall of Yi County had just been broken through, and the deep battle was still going on, so he braved the scattered guns of the enemy and rushed to the breakthrough to observe the effect of "close shooting" in order to collect more accurate shooting parameters for the attack.Unfortunately, he stepped on the remaining landmines and died a heroic sacrifice.The attack on Yixian was just a peripheral operation to conquer Jinzhou. The Northeast Field Army lost a general at the beginning of the war.Zhu Rui was the only senior general of the Fourth Field Army who died during the entire War of Liberation. On October 3, the Central Military Commission decided to name the Dongye Artillery School "Zhu Rui Artillery School" (the predecessor of Shenyang Artillery Academy) to commemorate this general who made outstanding contributions to the artillery construction of the People's Liberation Army. Although Zhu Rui died, the soul of the artilleryman survived. In mid-October 1948, almost all of Dongye Paozong was devoted to the battle of Jinzhou. The general attack started at 10:10 am on the 14th, hundreds of cannons roared in unison, and the howling shells rained down on the city wall of Jinzhou and shot at the enemy's defensive points.With the strong support of Pao Zong, it took only 32 hours for the attacking troops to liberate Jinzhou City, which is known as "impregnable" by the enemy. On November 2, 1948, the Liaoshen Campaign ended and the entire Northeast was liberated.Through the liberation of Jinzhou, Liaoxi, and Changchun and Shenyang, the Northeast elite of the Kuomintang army was completely wiped out (including the New First Army and New Sixth Army among the "five trump cards" of all American equipment), and the Fourth Field Army seized all kinds of There are 171 artillery pieces, including 36 150mm heavy howitzers, 34 100mm heavy howitzers, 69 various anti-aircraft guns, 47 tanks, and 131 armored vehicles.Since then, the Special Forces of the Fourth Field Army has grown stronger than ever. The Artillery Command quickly expanded its troops with captured equipment and liberation fighters. In just over a month, the number of personnel more than doubled, and the number of mechanized troops also increased greatly.Out of the needs of combat command, the special division once set up three temporary command posts: the Jehol Artillery Brigade Headquarters was reorganized into the first command post, commanding three mule and horse artillery regiments; The second command post commanded the third motorized artillery regiment; the tank command post was established with the Songjiang front-line agency one to command tanks and armored vehicles. On November 29, according to the order of the Central Military Commission that the field army can be organized as a column of special forces to command the artillery, tanks, and engineers of the entire army, the Northeast Field Artillery Command was changed to the Special Forces Command, with Xiao Hua as the commander (soon to be replaced by Wan Yi Succession), Zhong Chibing served as political commissar, Su Jing, Jia Tao, and Kuang Yumin (also chief of staff) served as deputy commanders, Qiu Chuangcheng served as deputy political commissar, and Tang Kai served as director of the Political Department.Under its jurisdiction are three artillery divisions and one cavalry division organized by the temporary command post and the troops under its jurisdiction: Peng Jingwen, commander of the First Artillery Division (Mule and Horse Division), Liu Chengying, political commissar, Shake, commander of the Second Artillery Division (Heavy Artillery Division), and political Committee member Wang Fengwu, Zeng Kelin, commander of the Third Artillery Division (Chariot Division), Yang Yongsong, political commissar, He Nengbin, commander of the cavalry division, and Lin Maoyuan, political commissar. In December 1948, except for a few of the Special Forces Column Special Division, most of them entered the pass with the main forces of the four fields to participate in the Pingjin Campaign.The special forces column in Tianjin's fortified battle once again showed its prowess.Under the cover of special artillery fire and tanks, the main attacking force took only 29 hours to take down the entire city of Tianjin, which the enemy claimed would not be a problem for a month. This greatly shocked Fu Zuoyi and achieved the peaceful liberation of Peiping ahead of schedule. After the Battle of Pingjin, Tezong took over Fu Zuoyi's 94th Army Headquarters, the Third Tank Regiment, the Air Force Antiaircraft Artillery Third Regiment, and the 20th Engineer Regiment.The rest of the equipment and personnel will be added to the field armies.The supplementary four-field special forces column is organized as follows: two artillery divisions (a total of seven heavy artillery regiments), one tank division (administering one tank regiment, one armored vehicle regiment, and one tank teaching regiment), and one anti-aircraft artillery command post (administering three anti-aircraft artillery regiment), an engineering command post (jurisdiction over two engineering regiments), and became the most powerful special forces column among the five field armies. After the three major battles, one part of the special forces column marched to Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi provinces with the four fields, and one part stayed in North China. On April 18, 1949, the two artillery divisions of Siye were renamed the First and Second Artillery Divisions of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in accordance with the "Regulations on the Designation of the Special Forces of the Army" promulgated by the Central Military Commission; the seven artillery regiments were renamed the Chinese People's Liberation Army Artillery 25th to 31st regiments; three anti-aircraft artillery regiments were renamed the first, second and third anti-aircraft artillery regiments of the Chinese People's Liberation Army; three tank regiments were renamed the fourth tank regiments of the Chinese People's Liberation Army , Fifth Regiment, Sixth Regiment. During the War of Liberation, although the Chinese People's Liberation Army had five major field armies, only the Northeast Field Army had a railway column.The reason is that Dongye occupies the "geographical advantage" first.The railway construction in old China was generally backward.However, the Northeast region, where the heavy industry is the most developed, has relatively the most developed railway transportation network.During the War of Liberation, both the enemy and the enemy in Northeast China attached great importance to the control of railway lines for military transportation and combat considerations. Since our army successively entered the Northeast in August 1945, it has attached great importance to the restoration and development of the Northeast Railway, and quickly dispatched personnel to take over the Japanese and puppet railway management agencies.At that time, in addition to strengthening the leadership of the railway system, the military regions in the Northeast also successively established road protection troops to ensure the safety of railway traffic. By the beginning of 1946, the Northeast road protection force had grown to more than 3,400 people.There are more than 1,400 road protection brigades led by He Dequan on each line in East Manchuria; more than 800 people in the road protection brigade led by Guo Weicheng on each line in West Manchuria, and the road protection troops on Suijia, Suibin, Zhongchang and other railway lines also established one after another. In June 1946, in order to strengthen the overall leadership of the road guards in various military regions, the Northeast Democratic Alliance established a unified leadership organization - the Railway Command.Headquartered in Harbin.Su Jin served as commander, Wang Guangwen served as deputy commander, Zhang Jin served as chief of staff (and director of military law), Guo Delin served as deputy director of the political department, and Zheng Sisuo served as supply minister. In December, the Railway Command was renamed the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army Road Guard Army.Under the jurisdiction of the East Manchu Road Guard Army (Commander He Dequan, Deputy Commander Ji He, Chief of Staff Division), Ximan Road Guard Army (Commander Guo Weicheng, Chief of Staff Peng Chuanqing), South Manchu Road Guard Army (acting commander Yan Jiuxiang, Deputy Political Commissar Guo Yanlin), Central Road Guard Army (Commander Zhang Heming, Political Commissar Liu Juying, Deputy Commander Cao Zhixue, Chief of Staff Xu Bin). Under the unified leadership of the Road Guard Army Command, the railway road guard troops developed rapidly. By the autumn of 1947, the Dongye Road Guard Army had grown to more than 8,000 people and was organized into seven infantry regiments, the first, second, and third The regiment is directly commanded by the Army Headquarters, while the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh regiments are under the leadership of each military region.The road guard army cooperates with the rear to suppress bandits and fights in the front, and is responsible for the task of guarding more than 5,000 kilometers of railway lines in the liberated areas of North Manchuria. Since mid-May 1947, the Northeast Democratic Coalition launched three consecutive powerful offensives in summer, autumn, and winter, and achieved great victories. The number of railway lines controlled by our army has also greatly increased.However, many bridges and lines along the newly acquired railway were damaged, and frontier railway transportation was impassable.In order to speed up repairs and make it quickly put into combat transportation, in February 1948, the Road Guard Army Command merged the Sixth and Seventh Infantry Regiments under its jurisdiction to form the First Railway Regiment; merged the Fourth and Fifth Infantry Regiments to form the Railway Second regiment.Each regiment consists of three brigades: the first brigade is responsible for emergency repairs of lines, bridges and communication facilities; the second brigade is responsible for transportation tasks such as maintenance, vehicle inspection, water supply, and station services; the third brigade is responsible for armed protection along the railway and at the emergency repair site.Since then, the nature of the road protection army has changed from a simple road protection operation to a brand-new railway technical force. After the formation of the railway regiment, according to the damage situation of each railway line and the combat intention of the Northeast People's Liberation Army Headquarters, in cooperation with the railway workers, they immediately invested in intensive repairs on the Jichang, Hachang and Dazheng lines. Tieyituan cooperated with the First Engineering Department of Qiqihar Railway Administration, and started repairing the railway lines between Tongliao and Zhangwu, Zhangwu and Xinlitun, and Xinlitun and Fuxin from early March, and in mid-August, The railway transportation between Zhengjiatun and Fuxin was resumed. The Second Railway Group began to invest in the emergency repair project of the Jilin-Changsha Railway from April 20. First, it completed the repair and communication erection of the Gudianzi-Xinglong Mountain line, and then repaired the Yinma River Bridge with the cooperation of the Jilin Railway Office. , so that the railway extends from Jilin to Changchun, the base camp of the Kuomintang army in North Manchuria. The first and second regiments of the infantry also drew out a company each to form two temporary emergency repair brigades to cooperate with the staff of the Harbin Railway Administration to participate in the emergency repair project of the railway between Shuangcheng and Tao Laizhao on the Harbin-Changjiang Railway, and the construction was completed on June 3. The opening of the above-mentioned lines not only communicated the economic ties between the old and new liberated areas, but also provided a strong guarantee for strengthening our combat readiness for the autumn offensive and supporting our army in liberating Jinzhou and besieging Changchun. In the autumn of 1948, the Northeast People’s Liberation Army entered the eve of a strategic counter-offensive. In order to meet the needs of large corps operations, it was decided by the Northeast Bureau and approved by the Central Military Commission. 8,500 people were added to the second-line corps and reorganized into the railway column of the Northeast Field Army.The reorganization work began in late July and basically ended in late August, with a total of more than 17,000 people in the entire column. The leading body of the railway column is composed of the leading body of the road guard army and the leading body of the Mudanjiang Military Region, and is directly under the command of the Railway Repair Bureau.The commander of the column was Huang Yifeng, the director of the Railway Restoration Bureau, Su Jin, the deputy commander and chief of staff of the column (later Li Shouxuan, the first deputy director of the Railway Restoration Bureau, and the chief of staff), He Wei, the deputy political commissar, and Zheng Sisuo, the supply minister.The column has four divisions: The first detachment consisted of 226 iron regiments, the third independent regiment of the Nenjiang Military Region, and 226 railway employees who joined the army, totaling 4309 people.Detachment leader Yu Lei, political commissar Du Guoping, deputy detachment leader Qian Qian, chief of staff Zhang Jin, and political department director Yang Peijun. The second detachment is composed of 221 railway employees, the Second Iron Regiment, the Sixth Independent Regiment of the Jilin Military Region, and a total of 3,407 people.Detachment leader Liu Zhenhuan, deputy detachment leader Xiao Chunguang, chief of staff Zhang Fengming, and political department director Li Zihua. The third detachment consisted of five companies of the Third Infantry Regiment of the Route Guard Army, two battalions of the Liaoji Independent Third Regiment, one battalion of the Mudanjiang Military Region, and 241 railway employees who joined the army, with a total of 3,611 people.Detachment leader Peng Min, political commissar Xu Bin, deputy detachment leaders Wang Zumei and Zhang Yunshan, chief of staff He Hairu. The fourth detachment consisted of three companies of the First Infantry Regiment of the Road Guard Army, one battalion of the Third Liaoji Independent Regiment, five companies of the Sixth Jilin Independent Regiment, two brigades of the Road Guard Army Meihekou, and 145 railway employees who joined the army Composed of a total of 3996 people.The detachment leader Guo Yanlin, the deputy detachment leader Wang Jingli, and the political department director Liu Yi. Since its establishment, the railway column has been responsible for the dual tasks of directly serving the frontline operations and closely cooperating with railway employees from all over the country to restore the new China's railway industry.Dongye Headquarters attached great importance to the railway column. Commissar Luo Ronghuan once gave a speech in person at the railway column. Soviet experts headed by General Doronin also participated in the reorganization of the railway column. At that time, Dongye was preparing for the Liaoshen Campaign, and aimed the first battle at Jinzhou, the main supply area and strategic location for the enemy forces in the northeast.In such a strategic decisive battle of unprecedented scale, the mobilization of troops, the supply of food and ammunition, especially the delivery of special forces, must mainly rely on railway transportation.But at that time, most of the railways close to the enemy-occupied areas were destroyed by our army for the strategic purpose at that time.So after the establishment of the railway column, it immediately put into the emergency repair project leading to Jinzhou, Changchun, and Shenyang railways. The column ordered the first detachment to continue to complete the original task of the First Iron Regiment, and rush to Yi County along the Xinyi Line to support Jinzhou operations; the second detachment followed the original task of the Second Iron Regiment to rush to Changchun along the Changji Line to support our army. The army encircled and wiped out the defending enemy in Changchun; the fourth detachment was on standby in the Meihekou area, temporarily assisting the railway bureau to repair the railway; each detachment was also preparing to continue to advance and repair according to the development of the battle, so as to ensure that after the end of the Liaoshen campaign, the main railways in Northeast China could be quickly communicated. Mainline transport links. After receiving the order, each detachment immediately put into the emergency repair project with high fighting spirit.Thanks to the joint efforts of all the commanders and fighters of the railway column, the main trunk line of the Northeast Railway was opened to traffic quickly.This not only directly assisted the Liaoshen Campaign and the battle to encircle and annihilate Changchun to defend the enemy, but also played an important role in restoring and developing production in Northeast China and ensuring the smooth entry of Dongye troops to participate in the war. At the beginning of November 1948, after the end of the Liaoshen Campaign, in order to ensure the Northeast Field Army's upcoming march into the pass, the railway was urgently waiting to be extended southward.The first detachment continued to advance to Shanhaiguan along the Beining line on November 20.At that time, in order to prevent North China Hou Jingru Corps from aiding Jin, this section of the railway was severely damaged by our army.In many sections, the steel rails were overturned under the roadbed, and the sleepers were also missing.Fortunately, the damage to the bridge was minimal, and it was a double track, so the first detachment was able to obtain local materials, dismantled one and repaired the other. In order to speed up the progress, a team sent people out to investigate at night and followed up with repairs during the day.At that time, the advance troops from Dongye had not set off yet, and Shanhaiguan was still occupied by remnants of the enemy.When the detachment arrived at Shanhaiguan, it had to send two companies to Wanjiatun to monitor the enemy.But I didn't expect the enemy in Shanhaiguan to regard them as the vanguard of our army entering the customs, and they abandoned the city and fled after hearing the news.Under the day and night hard work of the railway column, by the beginning of December, the railways of Shenyang, Jinzhou, Changchun, Jilin, Harbin and other major northeastern cities had been connected and could lead to the customs.This paved a way for the transportation of millions of Northeast troops and military supplies that entered the customs from the end of November to the beginning of December. In early December, the Railway Column Headquarters held a meeting in Qinhuangdao, and clarified the future mission of the Dongye Railway Column, which was to repair the national railways.The meeting also put forward a resounding slogan: "Where the field army fights, the railway will be repaired!" Since then, the battle space of the East Field Railway Column has expanded from a northeast strategic area to a nationwide scope. After the battles of Huaihai and Pingjin, the railway column took up the new task of repairing the Jinpu Railway and the Pinghan Railway. In July, the two north-south arteries were repaired to the north bank of the Yangtze River.This provides a strong transportation guarantee for our armies from all walks of life to successfully cross the river and march into the south of the Yangtze River. In April 1949, the Central Military Commission decided that the railway column of the Fourth Field Army should be transferred to the Ministry of Railways of the Military Commission, and the leading organization of the column was abolished, and all detachments were under the direct command of the Ministry of Railways. In May, the Central Military Commission adopted the suggestion of the Soviet adviser, and the railway column was renamed the Railway Corps, and the Corps organization was restored.Teng Daiyuan, director of the Railway Department of the Military Commission, served as the commander of the Corps, Lu Zhengcao, the deputy minister, served as the deputy commander of the Corps, and Li Shouxuan, the former chief of staff of the Iron Column, served as the chief of staff of the Corps. The railway column of the Fourth Field Army not only made its own great contribution to the Liberation War in Northeast China and even the whole country, but it was also on the basis of this team that a new branch of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the railway corps, was born.