Chapter 71 Five, a million soldiers enter Yuguan

The 52-day decisive battle is over. The commanders and fighters of the Northeast Field Army are really tired. On November 3, the East Field Headquarters issued an order to let the whole army rest for a month to sum up experience, mend military uniforms, recruit recruits, train prisoners, and return the wounded. , get a haircut and take a bath to sleep, heal the sick and wipe the guns, and prepare for the next new battle. During the rest period of the Northeast Field Army, the Northeast Field Army was reorganized according to the general order issued by the Central Military Commission on November 1 to unify the organization of the entire army and the number of troops.The original 12 main columns were renamed the army, that is: the first column was renamed the 38th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the second column was renamed the 39th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and the 12th column was renamed the 39th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Forty-ninth Army.The 60th Army of the Kuomintang, which was originally in the Changchun Uprising, was reorganized and called the 50th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.The original 1st to 36th divisions were successively renamed as 112th to 147th divisions.According to the regulations of the Central Military Commission, each army has three divisions. According to the actual situation in the Northeast, with the approval of the Central Military Commission, each army of the Northeast Field Army is organized into an independent division. In this way, each army of the Northeast Field Army has four divisions. Division, 60,000 to 70,000 people.At the same time, the person in charge of the headquarters has also changed.For the convenience of readers, the organization and responsible persons of Dongye after the unified sequence of the whole army are arranged as follows:

Commander Lin Biao. Political Commissar Luo Ronghuan. Chief of Staff Liu Yalou, Deputy Chief of Staff Cao Xiangren. Tan Zheng, Director of the Political Department, and Tao Zhu, Deputy Director. The first minister of the logistics department Zhou Chunquan, the second minister Li Jukui. Chen Yi, Political Commissar of the Logistics Department. Commander of Artillery Command (missing), Political Commissar Qiu Chuangcheng, Deputy Commanders Jia Tao, Su Jin, Kuang Yumin, Chief of Staff Kuang Yumin (concurrently). Artillery Column Commander Su Jin (concurrently), Political Commissar Qiu Chuangcheng (concurrently), Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff Kuang Yumin, Deputy Political Commissar Liu Dengying, Director of the Political Department Wu Tao, Deputy Director Zhang Zhiyi.

Railway column commander (absent), deputy commander and chief of staff Su Jin, Li Shouxuan (rear), political commissar (absent), deputy political commissar and head of the Political Department He Wei. Xiao Jinguang, commander of the First Corps, Xiao Hua, political commissar, Chen Bojun, deputy commander, Tang Tianji, deputy political commissar and director of the political department, and Xie Fang, chief of staff. Cheng Zihua, commander of the Second Corps, Huang Kecheng, political commissar, and Huang Zhiyong, chief of staff. Li Tianyou, commander of the 38th Army, Liang Biye, political commissar and director of the Political Department, Cao Lihuai, deputy commander and chief of staff, and Wu Dai, deputy director of the Political Department.The 38th Army governs the 112th, 113th, 114th, and 151st Divisions.

Liu Zhen, Commander of the 39th Army, Wu Faxian, Political Commissar, Wu Xinquan, Deputy Commander, Wang Liangtai, Chief of Staff, Li Xuesan, Director of the Political Department, and He Dazeng, Deputy Director.The 39th Army governs the 115th, 116th, 117th, and 152nd Divisions. Fortieth Army Commander Han Xianchu, Political Commissar Luo Shunchu, Deputy Commander Shake, Deputy Political Commissar Liu Xiyuan, Director of the Political Department Zhuo Xiong.The 40th Army governs the 118th, 119th, 120th, and 153rd divisions. Wu Kehua, Commander of the 41st Army, Mo Wenhua, Political Commissar, Hu Qicai, Deputy Commander, Ouyang Wen, Deputy Political Commissar and Director of the Political Department, and Li Fuze, Chief of Staff.The 41st Army governs the 121st, 122nd, 123rd, and 154th divisions.

Wan Yi, Commander of the 42nd Army, Liu Xingyuan, Political Commissar, Wu Lin, Deputy Commander, Tang Kai, Deputy Political Commissar, and Guo Chengzhu, Director of the Political Department.The 42nd Army governs the 124th, 125th, 126th, and 155th divisions. Hong Xuezhi, commander of the 43rd Army, Lai Chuanzhu, political commissar, Yang Guofu and Li Zuopeng, deputy commanders, Liu Qiren, deputy political commissar, Lei Zhen, first chief of staff, Huang Yiping, second chief of staff, Deng Fei, director of the political department.The 43rd Army governs the 127th, 128th, 129th, and 156th divisions.

Deng Hua, Commander of the 44th Army, Wu Fushan, Political Commissar, Zeng Kelin, Deputy Commander, Tan Furen, Deputy Political Commissar and Director of the Political Department, and Gao Tigan, Chief of Staff.The Forty-Fourth Army governs the 130th, 131st, 132nd, and 157th divisions. Huang Yongsheng, commander of the 45th Army, Qiu Huizuo, political commissar, Zhang Tianyun, deputy commander, Huang Huxian, chief of staff, and Duan Dezhang, director of the political department.The Forty-Fifth Army governs the 133rd, 134th, 135th, and 158th divisions. Zhan Caifang, Commander of the 46th Army, Li Zhongquan, Political Commissar, Yang Meisheng, Deputy Commander, Yuan Yuan, Chief of Staff, and Wang Yiqun, Director of the Political Department.The Forty-Sixth Army governs the 136th, 137th, 138th, and 159th divisions.

Liang Xingchu, commander of the 47th Army, Zhou Chiping, political commissar, Fang Qiang, deputy commander, Huang Weihua, chief of staff, and Kong Shiquan, director of the Political Department.The Forty-seventh Army governs the 139th, 140th, 141st, and 160th divisions. He Jinnian, Commander of the 48th Army, Chen Renqi, Political Commissar, Zhou Renjie, Deputy Commander, Yang Chunpu, Deputy Political Commissar and Director of the Political Department, and He Tingyi, Chief of Staff.The 48th Army governs the 142nd, 143rd, 144th, and 161st Divisions. Zhong Wei, Commander of the 49th Army, Yuan Shengping, Political Commissar, Xiong Botao, Deputy Commander, and Chen Zhifang, Director of the Political Department.The 49th Army governs the 145th, 146th, 147th, and 162nd Divisions.

Zeng Zesheng, Commander of the 50th Army, Xu Wenlie, Political Commissar, Ye Changgeng, Deputy Commander, Shu Xing, Chief of Staff, and Wang Zhenqian, Director of the Political Department.The Fifty Army governs the 148th, 149th, 150th, and 167th divisions. The above-mentioned reorganization work is carried out uniformly in the whole army.The entire People's Liberation Army is divided into four field armies: Northwest, Central Plains, East China, and Northeast.As a mobile corps directly under the Central Military Commission, the North China Corps was also called the North China Military Region Field Army at that time, so people often also called it the North China Field Army.Under the field army there are corps, and under the corps there are armies.The local military units have the garrison brigade and the independent brigade as the highest units, which are subordinate to the military regions.At that time, there were five first-level military regions, namely the Northwest, Central Plains, East China, Northeast, and North China military regions.There are three secondary military regions, namely the Shanxi-Sui, Henan, Wansu, and Hebei-Chahar-Liao military regions.Only the guerrilla units retained the names of columns and detachments.Since the reorganization of various troops across the country was gradually completed during the war, and it was the time of the Huaihai decisive battle and the Pingjin decisive battle, most of the military history files left at that time were still called according to the customary name. The original number.In order not to cause confusion, in most military history materials and historical works, when describing the history of the Huaihai decisive battle and the Pingjin decisive battle, it is still called the column according to the original customary name, and the title of the division level is also the same. It is still called by the original designation.Generally, after the Central Military Commission uniformly numbered the four field armies as the first, second, third, and fourth field armies in April 1949, new designations were used for each army and division.In order to be consistent with most of the existing works and avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding for readers, we still deal with the habit of most of the existing works in the narration of "Battle of Pingjin".

According to the plan and arrangement of the Central Military Commission and the East Field Headquarters, the soldiers of the Northeast Field Army should rest for a few more days.However, the situation in China's revolutionary war was developing too fast, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had decided to take advantage of the victory and advance to completely defeat the reactionary Chiang Kai-shek government within one year and win the complete victory in the War of Liberation.At this time, the Northeast People's Liberation Army has become the field corps with the largest number of people, the strongest strength, and the most sufficient logistics supply among the major groups of our army.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China wants to put a heavier burden on it and let it accept new combat tasks.

On November 18, 1948, the Central Military Commission ordered the main force of the Northeast Field Army to end its rest immediately, enter the customs quickly, and launch the Pingjin Campaign ahead of schedule.On this day, it was only half a month since the war in the northeast land stopped and the troops rested. In fact, as early as before Shenyang was liberated, that is, on October 29, according to the order of the Central Military Commission, the Dongye Headquarters had dispatched all four verticals and eleven verticals, three independent divisions, and a cavalry division for a total of about 11 troops. Thousands of people formed an advance corps, and under the leadership of Cheng Zihua, commander of the Second East Corps, and Huang Zhiyong, chief of staff, they entered the customs first and advanced into the east of Jidong.

After receiving the order from the Military Commission, the headquarters of the Northeast Field Army immediately mobilized the entire army and prepared for the starry night. It took only 5 days, that is, on November 23, 1948, its main force, the 38th Army, 39th Army, 40th Army, and 42nd Army. Army, Forty-third Army, Forty-fourth Army, Forty-fifth Army, Forty-sixth Army, Forty-seventh Army, Forty-ninth Army, artillery column, and railway column have all assembled.In addition to special forces, each column is organized into an independent division, one to four independent regiments, and 3,000 to 10,000 liberation fighters.A total of more than 730,000 troops were divided into three routes. The west route was Xifengkou, the middle route was Lengkou, and the east route was Shanhaiguan. They entered the customs secretly, like a rolling iron stream, and marched to the Pingjin battlefield (if you add the 41st and 48th armies of the advance corps , the total number of Dongye troops entering the pass is more than 840,000. The 50th Army belonging to the Dongye system stayed in Jilin for training. On June 14, 1949, it was ordered by the Central Military Commission to enter the pass. Therefore, it is generally said that "800,000 troops entered Yuguan." ). On November 30, Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan led the headquarters to leave Shenyang and enter the customs.A new decisive battle is about to start in the pass.