Chapter 43 2. Signing of the Suiyuan Peace Agreement

According to the central government's spirit of dealing with the Suiyuan issue, Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan proposed a step of "temporarily maintaining the status quo, drawing a line, and reorganizing into the People's Liberation Army." In order to further discuss several issues in detail, Lin Biao, Nie Rongzhen, Tao Zhu, and He Long, the former commander of the Jinsui Military Region who had been working in the Jinsui area for a long time, together with Li Jingquan, the political commissar, hosted a banquet for Fu Zuoyi at the Beijing Hotel on March 23, 1949. , Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng.The two sides agreed to set up a consultative committee on the Suiyuan issue to specifically discuss issues related to demarcation, transportation, finance, trade, postal services, and our dispatched liaison agencies in Suiyuan.The two sides proposed to participate in the Consultative Committee on the Suiyuan Issue with three representatives each. Our representatives were Li Jingquan, secretary of the Shanxi-Suiyuan Branch of the CPC, Zhang Youyu, secretary-general of the North China Bureau of the CPC, and Pan Jiwen, director of urban engineering of the Mengsui District Committee of the CPC (Pan Jiwen had been arrested as early as 1938. The CCP sent a representative of Fu Zuoyi's troops to live there, and served as the head of the organization section of the Political Department of the 35th Army, and he was very familiar with Fu Zuoyi's department).Fu Zuoyi's representatives are still his subordinates Wang Kejun, Zhou Beifeng, and Yan Youwen who have dealt with us for a long time.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China initially decided that He Long would preside over the negotiations on Suiyuan. Later, considering that He Long was going to lead the army to the south, Nie Rongzhen and Bo Yibo from the North China Bureau and the North China Military Region presided over it.

Beginning on March 25, 1949, the Consultative Committee on the Suiyuan Issue conducted promising but also contradictory negotiations on several issues.During the negotiations, the two sides did not agree on some specific issues, such as the direction of demarcation and the level of the liaison personnel sent by our side. On March 28, Wang Kejun showed another telegram from Dong Qiwu to Fu Zuoyi, arguing that Suiyuan's borderlands were irrelevant, and that the two sides were now negotiating and dealing with the problem, fearing accidents.All matters related to transportation and trade can be resolved by the people themselves.Obviously, this telegram is likely to be delayed by the other party in order to bargain, or it may be that the opinions between Fu Zuoyi and Dong Qiwu have not reached a consensus.Therefore, our side solemnly stated: This negotiation is between the Communist Party of China and Mr. Fu Zuoyi, and has no direct relationship with Dong Qiwu.Only Fu should represent Dong, not Dong representing Fu.The problem now is that many views of Fu and Dong are inconsistent.If Mr. Fu cannot represent Dong Qiwu, this negotiation will have to stop.In the face of our righteous and strict attitude, Wang Kejun had no choice but to say that the negotiation must continue, and Fu Zuoyi would go to persuade Dong Qiwu.After intense debate in the negotiations, the two sides reached a draft "Agreement on Specific Issues Concerning Suiyuan Demarcation, Transportation, Finance, Trade, and Dispatch of Liaison Agencies in Suiyuan" on April 8.Since Fu Fang still needs to seek Dong Qiwu's opinion, the final draft has not been formed.Regarding some problems in the agreement, our representative thinks that Fu Zuoyi's conditions are too high, and he plans to make some changes to the agreement after asking for instructions.

However, when Nie Rongzhen and Bo Yibo reported to Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai on April 28, both Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai believed that as long as they could fight for the peaceful uprising in Suiyuan, they could make more concessions on some specific terms.They decided to all agree to the terms proposed by Fu Zuoyi.Among them is the item that our negotiators firmly disagreed with, returning to Dong Qiwu the cloth received by our army during the liberation of Beiping. The next day, after Fu Zuoyi heard the news, he said with emotion: "The Communist Party has a long-term vision, Mao Zedong tolerates all rivers, and the world belongs to the Communist Party, and Mao Zedong is all reasonable!" He immediately dispatched An Chunshan, the former commander of the 104th Army, and his staff staff Liu Yongsheng took the draft agreement and the temporary demarcation map of the two armies to Guisui to seek Dong Qiwu's opinion, and conveyed to Dong Qiwu the following passage of Fu Zuoyi's words: "Chairman Mao instructed that with the peaceful liberation of Beiping, Suiyuan would not have to use troops. Tell Chairman Dong Qiwu to do a good job of internal work first, and hold an uprising when he thinks it is appropriate. You must understand Chairman Mao’s lenient policy for the Suiyuan Uprising, unite as one, and carry out a complete uprising. Don’t split the army and don’t let the people suffer. loss."

From Dong Qiwu's point of view, he is willing to follow Fu Zuoyi on the road of peace, but he also has many concerns and difficulties.For example, he was afraid that the Chiang Kai-shek government's sudden suspension of military pay would cause confusion in the troops, that Liu Wanchun's troops and the armed forces of the Mongolian Banner Palace would cause chaos and sabotage, and especially that his subordinates were afraid that the Kuomintang secret agents and Yan Xishan in Shanxi (most of the soldiers in Suiyuan were related to Shanxi) Internal divisions emerged under the provocation and coercion.Because his subordinates have been stationed in Suiyuan for a long time, they are relatively closed, and there are still many misunderstandings about the Communist Party and the People's Liberation Army. This kind of statement reflects the emotions of some military officers in a concentrated manner: "Believe it or not, use it or not, whether it is an old debt, whether or not the safety of the property is guaranteed." , and now betray Suiyuan again."

Under such circumstances, it took more than 20 days for Dong Qiwu to make certain modifications on the basis of the original agreement before agreeing to the agreement, and sent Kang Baoan, the former head of education of the Suiyuan Provincial Cadre Training Corps, to Peiping to represent him in finalizing the agreement. Finalize work. Regarding Dong Qiwu's amendments to the draft agreement, we immediately stated that we would adopt them all.The two sides carefully considered one by one, and finally reached a complete consensus. On May 31, the Secretariat of the Central Committee issued an instruction to agree and approve the agreement.

On May 28, representatives from both parties initialed the agreement at the Bank Club in Xijiaomin Lane. On June 8, in the meeting room of the North China People's Government, the "Agreement on Specific Issues Concerning Suiyuan Demarcation, Transportation, Finance, Trade, and Dispatch of Liaison Agencies in Suiyuan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Suiyuan Peace Agreement") was issued by the Consultative Committee The members of both parties (Li Jingquan was absent on the day for some reason, and Zhang Youyu signed on his behalf) formally signed. The center of the agreement is: the two sides agreed to take the ancient Libanwusu between Taobuqi and Baita as the center, draw a boundary line from south to north, from Lama Bay on the bank of the Yellow River in the south, to Siziwang Banner in the north, and the troops of both sides must not cross the line. , and stop all conflicts, and live in peace; restore the traffic between the Pingsui Railway's camp and the Guisui section, and send mail and electricity; resume commercial and trade exchanges, and determine the currency exchange method between the two sides; the army and the government of Suiyuan Province have temporarily maintained the status quo Maintain social stability, promote uprisings and achieve peaceful reunification through a period of work.In order to implement this agreement, the North China People's Government sent a liaison agency in Guisui to coordinate the implementation of the agreement and coordinate related matters.

Both Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan attended the signing ceremony.After the ceremony, members of the Consultative Committee, Fu Zuoyi, and Deng Baoshan immediately drove to Fengze Garden in Zhongnanhai, where Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Nie Rongzhen, and Bo Yibo were waiting for them to congratulate them.