Chapter 30 6. Deng Baoshan is here at the front

Just as our front line in Tianjin was preparing to launch a general offensive, Fu Zuoyi decided to send Deng Baoshan out of the city again for peace negotiations.The appearance of Deng Baoshan shows that Fu Zuoyi's attitude towards negotiations has changed a lot. Deng Baoshan is a native of Qinzhou (today's water) in Gansu Province. She joined the army since she was a child, but studied poetry and books in her spare time, and her cultural quality is very high. Joined the Tongmenghui in 1910, participated in the famous "Huashan Gathering" in Shaanxi in 1914 when the revolutionaries in the northwest region opposed Yuan Shikai, held high the anti-Yuan banner, and held many anti-Yuan military activities. It was a very prestigious revolution in the northwest region He is also a famous "Confucian general" in the Northwest Army. In 1921, he served as the head of the First Division of the Shaanxi Army, and in 1922 he became the head of the Seventh Division of the Second Army of the National Army under Feng Yuxiang's Department. In 1924, he accepted Li Dazhao's advice, cooperated with the Communist Party, hired Soviet consultants, and appointed Communist Party members as the director and secretary-general of his officer training institute. In 1926, Feng Yuxiang appointed him as the deputy commander-in-chief of the National Alliance Army to aid the former enemy in Shaanxi. He set up an officer teaching team in Qianxian County, Shaanxi, and hired Deng Xiaoping, who had just returned from the Soviet Union, as a political instructor to educate the troops on democratic revolution. In 1927, he served as the deputy commander-in-chief of the National Alliance Army stationed in Shaanxi (the commander-in-chief was Yu Youren), and promoted the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Deng Xiaoping became the director of the Political Department of the Zhongshan Military Academy he ran.

After the failure of the Great Revolution, Deng Baoshan had no intention of following Chiang Kai-shek, so she left the army and lived in Shanghai. During this period, he got acquainted with Zhou Enlai, and has always had a certain connection with the organization of the Communist Party of China. After the September 18th Incident, through Yu Youren's mediation, Chiang Kai-shek agreed to Deng Baoshan's return to the political arena. Deng Baoshan was invited by Shao Lizi to serve as the director of the Xi'an Appeasement Office in Gansu. In 1935, he served as the commander of the new First Army of the Army.

After the Xi'an Incident, he agreed with Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng's charitable deeds, went to Xi'an when Yang Hucheng was most difficult, and helped Yang Hucheng deal with some aftermath affairs.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he first served as the commander of the 21st Army Corps, and later as the commander-in-chief of the Shanxi-Shanxi-Suibian Border Region.He has always maintained friendly relations with the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region led by our party. He visited Yan'an many times to meet with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, He Long and others, and even sent his daughter to Yan'an to study.After Chiang Kai-shek launched the civil war, he did not want to be involved in the whirlpool of the civil war, so he returned home to "recover from illness".Because Deng Baoshan, Fu Zuoyi, and Ma Zhanshan, an anti-Japanese hero in the Northeast, had become sworn brothers (Ma is the eldest brother, Fu Xing is the second, and Deng Xing is the third), and at this time he still has the name of the commander-in-chief of the Shanxi-Shanxi-Suibei Border Region, so Fu Zuoyi served as the commander-in-chief. After the commander-in-chief of the "Suppression General" in North China, he was asked to serve as the deputy commander-in-chief.In fact, it was Fu Zuoyi who used his name to ask Deng Baoshan to help him deal with some problems in the relationship between North China and Northwest China, and to help Fu Zuoyi on some major issues, so he was not asked to take up a job in Peiping.His few troops are still stationed south of Baotou in Suiyuan and Yulin in northern Shaanxi. He himself sometimes lives in Lanzhou and sometimes in Baotou.

When Fu Zuoyi's peace negotiations were at a standstill, Ma Zhanshan, who actively advocated peace (Ma Zhanshan's Northeast advance army was almost cut by Chiang Kai-shek, and now they are all incorporated into Fu Zuoyi's subordinates, with the strength of about two divisions, Ma Zhanshan originally He no longer served in the military. But because Ma Zhanshan was in contact with the CCP’s underground party at this time and advocated peace, Chiang Kai-shek ordered military reunification agents to deceive or kidnap Ma to Nanjing, but all failed. Therefore, Ma Zhanshan was no longer at this time. Dare to live in his own home, but hidden in the home of the famous Chinese painter Chen Banding) persuaded Fu Zuoyi to ask Deng Baoshan to come out to negotiate with the Communist Party.Because at the time when the negotiations were at an impasse, many people believed that only Deng Baoshan could make a breakthrough.On the one hand, Fu Zuoyi listened more to Deng Baoshan's opinion, and Deng could fully represent Fu Zuoyi; on the other hand, Deng Baoshan had a good relationship with the Chinese Communist Party, and was the most acceptable candidate for Fu Zuoyi at that time.Mao Zedong said in a telegram to Lin Biao that "we hope that the Fu family can send a responsible representative with status", and we have already told Fu Zuoyi about this meaning.From all perspectives, Deng Baoshan is such a "responsible representative with status".

On December 28, 1948, Deng Baoshan flew from Baotou to Peiping, had a few nights of long talks with Fu Zuoyi, and did some serious research with Ma Zhanshan.During this period, Cui Yueli of the Peking underground party had three conversations with Deng Baoshan at the home of Wang Jie, the president of North China College.Deng Baoshan believed that the path of peace must be followed, but someone suggested to Fu Zuoyi that the path of establishing a "North China Political Affairs Committee", that is, a coalition government, would not work, because this would not be peaceful liberation, but an alliance between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The Communist Party could not accept such a plan.Some people think that the third world war is about to break out, but they are misled by certain remarks of the United States.Deng Baoshan urged Fu Zuoyi to accept the plan proposed by the Communist Party of China and resolve the Peking issue as soon as possible.Fu Zuoyi also said to Deng: "During the Anti-Japanese War, you were in Yulin and had a good relationship with the CCP. I heard that the leaders of the CCP want you to mediate, so please go!"

On January 10, 1949, the Battle of Huaihai ended with a great victory for our army, and Du Yuming, one of Chiang Kai-shek's most powerful generals, was captured.This major event shocked the whole country, especially the Kuomintang troops besieged in the Pingjin area. January 14, 1949 was the last day when Fu Zuoyi's representative met with our side last time and we gave Fu Zuoyi a stipulation to reply.On this day, Fu Zuoyi decided to ask Deng Baoshan to go out of the city with Zhou Beifeng, the original negotiator, to negotiate with us for the third time.This shows that Fu Zuoyi has to be serious, and he has the sincerity to sign a peace agreement with us.

This morning, Zhou Beifeng sent me an urgent telegram to the Pingjin Front Command: "General Deng Baoshan and I will go today, please quickly specify the route, location and connection method." Soon, Zhou Beifeng received a call back: "General Deng Baoshan is welcome to come with you. We are still in Qinghe Township. We will send Section Chief Wang to meet him." He has been serving as the receptionist since the beginning of the two-party talks. Neither Fu Zuoyi nor Deng Baoshan knew that the day they decided to hold the third meeting happened to be the day when our Tianjin frontline troops launched a general attack on Tianjin.

When Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng, the former representative of Fu Zuoyi, brought their entourage, accompanied by Wang Chaogang, the deputy chief of the Queue Section of the Northeast Field Army Command, and our reception representative, they came to a small village called Wuliqiao 2.5 kilometers west of Tongxian County. It was around 4 p.m., and Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Nie Rongzhen were already waiting for them.Due to the development of the war, our Pingjin frontline headquarters has been transferred from Mengjialou, Jixian County to Songzhuang, Tongxian County, which is closer to Beiping.Therefore, we also changed the negotiation location to Wuli Bridge in Tong County, which is only 2.5 kilometers away from Songzhuang.

After a short greeting, Nie Rongzhen told Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng straight to the point: "During the last negotiation, January 14 was stipulated as the deadline for a reply, and now there are only a few hours left. This time, Tianjin will not be included in the discussion, and only the Peking issue will be discussed." Both Deng Baoshan and Zhou Beifeng were quite surprised by this news, but Deng Baoshan was quite calm.As a negotiating technique, he first raised Fu Zuoyi's original demands for our army to withdraw from Nanyuan Airport and establish a coalition government.

Lin Biao's answer was very straightforward: "There is no other condition to discuss now. We can only order the Beiping defenders to move to a designated location outside the city and accept the reorganization of the People's Liberation Army according to what was discussed last time and in accordance with the regulations of the Pingjin Front Command. Nothing is possible, only this way." Nie Rongzhen continued Lin Biao's words: "It is the best way for the troops to go out of the city to accept the reorganization, so as to prevent Beiping from being destroyed by artillery fire again."

Deng Baoshan did not answer the positive question raised by Lin Biao, but suddenly asked: "Are you going to fight Tianjin?" Lin Biao immediately answered him: "Yes, we have already issued an order." Deng Baoshan was surprised by Lin Biao's answer. Because Fu Zuoyi talked to him about Tianjin's defense, Fu Zuoyi is quite confident.What's more, Fu Zuoyi and Deng Baoshan both understand how important it is whether Tianjin can keep the peace talks with Peiping.Fu Zuoyi once gave such instructions to Chen Changjie in Tianjin: "If you fight a good battle, it will be easy to handle. If you can fight, you can make peace. If you hold on firmly, there will be a way." Therefore, since Tianjin has already started at this time, how long can Tianjin last? It is also very important for the negotiations on Deng Baoshan's side. Deng Baoshan asked: "Excuse me, how long will it take you to conquer Tianjin?" Lin Biao replied without hesitation: "Three days." Deng Baoshan is also considered a seasoned veteran, and was very surprised by Lin Biao's straightforward answer.It only takes three days to attack a big city like Tianjin?He couldn't believe it.He said: "I'm afraid you won't be able to fight in 30 days." Lin Biao did not answer his words.But Nie Rongzhen said something like this: "If you can't fight for 30 days, you can fight for half a year. If you can't fight for half a year, you can fight for a year. You must fight!" Deng Baoshan, who has been on the battlefield for a long time, did not expect that Lin Biao's answer to him really became a reality. Three days later, our army really captured Tianjin.To be precise, it has not been used for three days, but 29 hours. Due to Deng Baoshan's new situation after arriving at Wuliqiao, he had to discuss many issues with Fu Zuoyi.So the negotiation time in the afternoon was not long.Luo Ronghuan said: "Let's talk about this today! General Deng Baoshan can rest here and prepare to continue talking." Soon after Deng Baoshan arrived at Wuliqiao, while talking with Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Nie Rongzhen, he asked Zhou Beifeng to immediately send a telegram to Fu Zuoyi, reporting the latest news he had received after arriving at Wuliqiao, and what Nie Rongzhen said " Tianjin will not be included in the discussion this time," an important position. The next day, the two sides began formal negotiations.That night, Nie Rongzhen sent the following telegram to the Central Military Commission regarding the relevant issues in the negotiations: Fu sent Deng Baoshan, Zhou Beifeng, and the colonel's secretary Diao to arrive here yesterday. When I met with them today, apart from the attitude and content shown by the Central Committee, I pointed out that Fu should be fully responsible for delaying time and playing tricks (details will be announced separately) ), and because Fu delayed for too long, Tianjin has already begun to attack, so Fu Zuoyi should be fully responsible for the damage suffered by Tianjin due to the war.At present, Fu can only order to stop the resistance and lay down weapons to Jin immediately, and to Peiping, he should follow the original adaptation plan and quickly propose specific implementation steps.In the conversation, Deng took a smooth attitude, mainly on two points: (1) During the transition period, the army was reorganized under the name of the People's Peace Army; (2) Fu Si handed over all the burdens of North China to Deng.All of them were rejected by me.Now Deng still stays here.If Tianjin can be captured, it is possible to force Fu Yifan to fight for a non-war settlement in Peiping.From the whole point of view... there are political pickpockets, and the common denominator is that they want to take this opportunity to catch them.We are already on guard against the so-called third route. At the same time, Deng Baoshan also received a call back from Fu Zuoyi instructing Wang Kejun to Zhou Beifeng: "Please discuss with Mr. Deng and handle it as appropriate." The so-called "discretionary handling" means that Deng Baoshan is given full power to make decisions based on specific circumstances. , it can no longer be handled according to the conditions Fu Zuoyi decided in the past, and it must be handled as soon as possible.It should be said that these four words in Fu Zuoyi's telegram are an important symbol of the actual change in Fu Zuoyi's attitude, and also enable Deng Baoshan to jump out of the frame set by Fu Zuoyi in the past and negotiate according to our proposal and his own considerations. important premise. There are three main reasons why Fu Zuoyi's attitude towards the peace talks changed in such a short period of time: first, the results of the Huaihai Campaign greatly shocked the Kuomintang army in Peiping, allowing him to control the direct Kuomintang troops in Peking; The second is that Tianjin has already started, and Beiping will soon become the target of the People's Liberation Army; third, it was on January 14 that my Xinhua News Agency broadcast an important article "Statement of Chairman Mao Zedong of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Current Situation". After comprehensively summarizing the domestic political and military situation at that time, Mao Zedong’s statement clearly stated: It is now very clear that as long as the People's Liberation Army launches several more major attacks on the remaining Kuomintang troops, the entire reactionary Kuomintang ruling apparatus will collapse and be wiped out.Now the reactionary Kuomintang government's policy of launching a civil war has already reaped its own consequences, and the people have deserted their relatives, and it has reached an unsustainable situation.Under such circumstances, in order to maintain the remnant forces of the Kuomintang government, gain a breathing space, and then achieve the purpose of making a comeback to wipe out the revolutionary forces, China's first war criminal, the leader of the Kuomintang bandit gang, the pseudo-president of the Nanjing government, Chiang Kai-shek, proposed on January 1 this year proposed a willingness to negotiate peace with the Chinese Communist Party.The Chinese Communist Party considers this suggestion hypocritical. ... Ten days have passed, and the people of the whole country have demonstrated their will.The people long for an early peace, but they do not approve of the so-called peace of the war criminals and their reactionary conditions.On the basis of such public opinion, the Chinese Communist Party declares: Although the Chinese People's Liberation Army has sufficient strength and sufficient reasons, it is indeed sure that it will wipe out all the remaining military forces of the reactionary Kuomintang government within a short period of time; To quickly end the war and reduce the suffering of the people, the Chinese Communist Party is willing to conduct peace negotiations with the Nanjing Kuomintang reactionary government and any other Kuomintang local governments and military groups on the basis of the following conditions.These conditions are: (1) Punish war criminals; (2) Abolish the pseudo-constitution; (3) Abolish the pseudo-legal system; (4) Reorganize all reactionary armies in accordance with democratic principles; (5) Confiscate bureaucratic capital; Treaty of treason; (8) Convening a Political Consultative Conference without the participation of reactionaries, establishing a democratic coalition government, and taking over all the powers of the Nanjing Kuomintang reactionary government and its affiliated governments at all levels. The Chinese Communist Party believes that the above-mentioned conditions reflect the general will of the people of the whole country, and only the peace established under the above-mentioned conditions is a truly democratic peace.If the people in the reactionary Nanking Kuomintang government wish to realize a real democratic peace rather than a hypocritical reactionary peace, then they should abandon their reactionary conditions and accept the eight conditions put forward by the Chinese Communist Party as a result of negotiations between the two parties. Base.Otherwise, it will prove that their so-called peace is nothing but a deception.We hope that the people of the whole country, all democratic parties and people's organizations will rise up to fight for a real democratic peace and oppose a hypocritical and reactionary peace.Patriots in the Nanking Kuomintang government system should also sponsor such peace proposals. Attention all commanders and combatants of the Chinese People's Liberation Army: Until the reactionary Nanking Kuomintang government accepts and realizes a truly democratic peace, you should not relax your fighting efforts in the slightest.For the reactionaries who dare to resist, they must be resolutely, thoroughly, cleanly and completely eliminated. This important statement of Mao Zedong was mainly addressed to the Nanjing government and also to Fu Zuoyi.But for Fu Zuoyi, it was as if he was speaking specifically to Fu Zuoyi.Because the "KMT local government and military group" that was negotiating peace with the Chinese Communist Party at that time was the Kuomintang North China "Suppression General" that was in charge of all the power in North China, with Fu Zuoyi as the commander-in-chief.The last paragraph in the statement was of course addressed to the entire Chinese People’s Liberation Army, but to Fu Zuoyi’s ears, it sounded like it was addressed to the People’s Liberation Army on the Pingjin Front, because the Pingjin Frontline’s People’s Liberation Army had already encircled Peiping and Tianjin, and happened to be in On January 14th, an attack was launched against the Chen Changjie Group of Tianjin defenders who were unwilling to lay down their arms.If Fu Zuoyi still hesitates and refuses to accept the peace conditions proposed by the Chinese Communist Party, the next target of the People's Liberation Army's attack will be Fu Zuoyi in Beiping.Nie Rongzhen already asked Deng Baoshan to tell him that "Tianjin will not be included in this negotiation", and he already lacked Tianjin as a bargaining chip in the negotiation.He no longer has any room for hesitation and bargaining.It was under such circumstances that he sent a telegram to Deng Baoshan to "handle as appropriate". Deng Baoshan's peace negotiations at Wuliqiao coincided with fierce fighting in Tianjin not far from here.It was the rumbling guns and raging fire of the Tianjin battle that contributed to the success of the Wuliqiao peace negotiations.