Chapter 10 3. Lin Biao's entry

The entry of the Northeast Field Army was a major event that everyone paid attention to on the North China battlefield at that time.The reason is simple: the Northeast Field Army has just wiped out more than 400,000 troops of Chiang Kai-shek's direct descendants on the Northeast battlefield. , 1 railway column, 3 cavalry divisions, 1 tank regiment).On the Chinese battlefield at that time, this force was not only the most powerful field army in the People's Liberation Army, but also a military group in the Kuomintang army that dared not hold a candle to it. The 52-day Liaoshen Campaign ended with the liberation of Yingkou and the remnants of the 52nd Army fled from Yingkou by sea. This day was November 2, 1948.After that, some remnants of the enemy were wiped out, Chengde was recovered on November 12, and the entire Northeast was liberated.Originally, according to the instructions of the Central Military Commission in the telegram on October 31 and the arrangement of the Northeast Bureau, the Northeast Field Army, after a long and hard battle, had to rest for at least one month before entering the customs.At that time, the Northeast Field Army had already started to go south. Only the advance corps composed of the Second Corps and the Fourth Column and the Eleventh Column, under the leadership of the Second Corps Commander Cheng Zihua and the Corps Chief of Staff Huang Zhiyong, arrived at the end of October. Hebei.The original intention of the advance corps was to deal with Fu Zuoyi's sneak attack on Shijiazhuang and Xibaipo, and let the Second Corps enter the east of Hebei to threaten Beiping, so as to cope with the troops of the North China Military Region and defeat Fu Zuoyi's sneak attack conspiracy.When leaving the Northeast, the Second Corps was stationed in the Jinxi area.

On November 15, 1948, East Field Commander Lin Biao, Political Commissar Luo Ronghuan, and Chief of Staff Liu Yalou jointly called the Central Military Commission. They believed that the progress on the Huaihai battlefield was very fast. It is possible to go to Suiyuan in the west, so that "our army in the northeast will miss the air when it enters the customs and cannot play the role of annihilating the enemy."With no enemies to fight, what do we need the revolutionary army for?They have seen this very clearly, and the Northeast Field Army should enter the customs. The next day, November 16, Mao Zedong sent back a telegram to Lin Biao and others: "...the main force of Fu's troops are all in the vicinity of Beiping. We have considered that your main force will enter the customs as soon as possible and encircle Tianjin, Gu, and Tangshan. The enemy will have no way of escaping from the sea. Please consider whether it is better for you to enter the customs as soon as possible, or to complete the rest plan in the northeast and then enter the customs. It is better to report the result by telegram.” This is Mao Zedong’s earliest The issue of early entry of the Northeast Field Army was formally raised.

However, there are many difficulties in order for the Northeast Field Army to stop resting and enter the customs ahead of schedule. Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Liu Yalou, and Tan Zheng sent a report to the Central Committee on November 17, talking about the following issues: It is very difficult for the main force of the Northeast to enter the customs early, because after the liberation of the Northeast, the thinking of the troops has fluctuated greatly.Soldiers from the Northeast (Note: In the Northeast Army, the soldiers from the Northeast accounted for the vast majority. When the various armies marched into the Northeast, only about 110,000 people went there. Later, there were 1.03 million troops in the Northeast Military Region. The main force of the field army was 840,000 people, so the vast majority of the Northeast Field Army are fighters from the Northeast) afraid of leaving their hometown and walking too far, and even some cadres have begun to develop a sense of enjoyment, and this problem needs to be solved vigorously.In the past, due to being busy with wars, this problem has not been formally explained to the soldiers, and various methods are being arranged to explain this problem.At the same time, the replenishment of recruits and captured soldiers is not yet ready, and it will take a considerable amount of time to fight for work, otherwise the loss of personnel will be even more serious.

In addition, the troops' winter coats, cotton caps, and cotton shoes were not distributed.Due to these specific circumstances, their opinion is to enter the customs in batches on the basis of the Dongye Fourth and Eleventh Columns, first the Nineth Columns in Haicheng and Yingkou and the Tenth Columns in Heishan, and then in the Three verticals in Jinzhou and one vertical in Shenyang. On the same day, the Military Commission telegram drafted by Zhou Enlai and revised by Mao Zedong was also sent to Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan and Liu Yalou. Entering the customs every day, but not in the tone of an order, but in the tone of "I hope you will consider it carefully".

The situation of the war is changing rapidly.On the next day, November 18, because the central government received the latest news about Fu Zuoyi's possible uprising, Mao Zedong made up his mind to let the Northeast Field Army enter the customs early, and immediately issued a very clear order to Lin Biao and others on this day: I hope you immediately order each column to complete preparations for departure within one or two days, and on the 21st or 22nd, the whole army or at least 8 columns will take shortcuts and march at the fastest speed, and suddenly surround the three enemies in Tangshan, Tanggu, and Tianjin, and prevent them from escaping. , and strive to make the Central Army surrender without a fight (this is very likely).

When Lin Biao and others received the telegram from the Military Commission, they immediately replied to the Military Commission on November 19: "Call me at 18:00 on the 18th. We will obey the call. We will set off on the 22nd and send another telegram for detailed deployment." After further planning, the Northeast Field Army set off on the 23rd, and it set off secretly. Mao Zedong made a very clear deployment of the entry of the Northeast Field Army. On November 21, he sent a telegram to Dongye saying: Telegram at 15:00 on the 20th.You can set off on the 23rd with 5 columns located in Jinzhou, Dahushan, Yingkou, etc., and take a shortcut to travel at night and cover the shelter at dawn, and use 3 or 4 columns to separate the enemies of Beiping and Tianjin; The columns cut off the enemies in Tianjin and Tanggu; one column, Jia Cheng and Huang Bingtuan (note: referring to Cheng Zihua, who had entered the customs first, and the Dongye Second Corps commanded by Huang Zhiyong), was responsible for isolating the enemies in Tangshan and Tanggu; the rest were in Xinmin , Dahushan, and the various ministries in the Yingkou area can start on the 23rd or 24th.The above-mentioned ministries all leave the east of Hebei through the territory of Rehe, and do not go through Shanhaiguan.The ministries and headquarters in the Shenyang area should delay their departure for a few days, and go out of Tangshan near Shanhaiguan.If Lin, Luo, and Liu decide to go first, they will carry a portable command structure first, and about a week after leaving, a news item stating that Lin is still in Shenyang is published in the Shenyang newspaper and broadcast by Xinhua News Agency (please pay attention to Chen Rentao).All ministries should pay attention to shade.

In this way, the Dongye army followed the order of the Central Military Commission and started a secret operation to enter the customs on the evening of November 23.When the army set off, the troops were divided into two groups, the north and the south. The vanguard of the north route was the fifth column from Yixian, and the vanguard of the south route was the third column from Jinzhou.After setting off, the 800,000 troops entered the customs through three roads: middle, right, and left: the middle road took Lengkou, the right road took Xifengkou, and the left road took Shanhaiguan.At the beginning of the operation, the secret method of traveling at night and staying at dawn was used to confuse the enemy. When the actions of hundreds of thousands of troops were exposed, they rushed forward at a high speed regardless of day and night.

On December 1, our Xinhua News Agency and the Northeast Daily reported that Lin Biao attended a victory celebration in Shenyang on November 30. The Northeast Daily also published photos of Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan at the meeting.The Kuomintang secret agents hiding in Shenyang at that time immediately sent a secret telegram to Nanjing, reporting that Lin Biao was still in Shenyang.Based on this, Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi judged that the main force of the Northeast Field Army was still outside the pass.In fact, at this time, our Northeast Field Army had already marched to the pass for a week, and the forward had already entered Xifengkou.However, it is not bad that Lin Biao and Luo Ronghuan attended the meeting in Shenyang on November 30, but these were deliberately arranged to paralyze the enemy.On the evening of November 30, the Northeast Field Army Command left Shenyang after preparations in advance. Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, Liu Yalou, Tan Zheng and others also left Shenyang in jeeps and headed straight for Jinzhou that night.This convoy, which was completely undetected by the enemy, entered the customs through Yixian, Chaoyang, and Xifengkou. Arrived in Zunhua on December 5, and arrived at Mengjialou, 10 kilometers south of Jixian County, the scheduled location on December 7.Mengjialou is a village with only a hundred households, 90 kilometers away from Beiping, Tianjin, and Tangshan. It is the headquarters of the Northeast Field Army after it entered the customs.

The entry of Lin Biao and others was also carried out according to Mao Zedong's overall deployment. Mao Zedong clearly pointed out in his telegram to Lin Biao and others on November 26: "When your army enters the customs, the enemy's situation will inevitably change, and the deployment of combat plans must be decided in a timely manner. Therefore, I hope that you will finish handling rear affairs within a few days. Before Jidong, you drove past the troops and went to Jidong first. This is very important." Dongye's early entry was completely beyond the enemy's expectations and completely disrupted the enemy's deployment.

Regarding this point, Chen Changjie, who was the commander of the Tianjin Defense Zone at the time, once said in his memoirs: After Fu Zuoyi decided to stick to Pingjin and keep the main force in Haikou, I once talked to him that the most worrying thing is the entry of the Northeast People's Liberation Army.However, it is estimated that after a major battle, it will take a period of rest. From the historical facts of the war, it will take three months to hold another battle.Now the Northeast People's Liberation Army has to digest the results of the Liaoshen war and expand, or it may take half a year to carry out major operations.In the middle of winter, it is very cold, and it is difficult to make long-distance marches. It is expected that after the thaw in next spring, a large battle should be prepared.It is also estimated that the Northeast People's Liberation Army will enter the customs at most about 500,000 people.Therefore, we must strive for a balance in terms of quantity and rapidly expand the army. We should accept American weapons immediately, and expand the army by about 200,000 within three to four months to cope with the decisive battle next spring.

However, Higashino not only did not take a three-month rest, but also entered the customs ahead of schedule without even a one-month rest, and the number of people entering the customs was not 500,000 but 800,000.It can be said that this decision by Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission made the Fu Zuoyi Group in North China no hope of surviving. On December 11, according to the arrangement of the Central Military Commission, Nie Rongzhen also left the headquarters of the North China Military Region in Nanzhuang, Fuping City with a small number of entourages. He passed through Shijiazhuang, Zhuo County, Beiping Shijingshan and other places, and arrived at Mengjia on the 21st. building.Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen, two old comrades-in-arms and old partners who jointly commanded the First Red Army during the Red Army period and the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army during the War of Resistance Against Japan, came together again to command the war together.After research, they decided that the headquarters of the Pingjin campaign that the central government had already deployed was located here.In order to facilitate the command, Lin and Nie also made the following decisions: (1) In order to strengthen communication in all aspects, the Second Bureau of the North China Military Region, which was originally responsible for radio communication work and the work of detecting the enemy's situation, was merged into the Second Bureau of the Northeast Field Army. Peng Fu, director of the Second Bureau of the Military Region, quickly led the staff of the overall situation to report to Mengjialou. (2) In order to strengthen the work against the enemy and better allow our party's underground work to cooperate with the troops, it was decided to transfer Liu Ren, head of the Urban Work Department (Urban Work Department) of the North China Bureau, to Mengjialou. Here, it is necessary to introduce the Urban Industry Department of the North China Bureau, because it played an extremely important role in the liberation of Peking. The predecessor of the Urban Industry Department of the North China Bureau was the Urban Work Committee of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Branch Bureau established in 1941, which was expanded into the Urban Work Department of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Branch Bureau in 1944. After the establishment of the North China Bureau in May 1948, it became the urban work department of the North China Bureau. Under the leadership of Liu Ren, it was responsible for leading the work of the underground party in the cities in the enemy-occupied areas of North China.The office of the Ministry of Urban and Industry is located in Bo Town, south of Cang County, Hebei Province, and the external brand is Yongmao Company.At this time, in Beiping City alone, there were about 3,000 underground party members, and about 5,000 members of the underground party's peripheral organizations Minqing (namely China Democratic Youth League) and Minlian (ie Democratic Youth Federation). The committees of committees, workers, civilians, railways, and culture respectively led the struggles on each front, forming a diverse and effective "second front" against Chiang Kai-shek's regime. Among the ranks of the underground party at that time, the academic committee system was the strongest, accounting for about two-thirds of the total number.This is because, over the years, many underground party members have joined the Communist Party through the school committee system, and have worked under the leadership of the school committee for a long time. In November 1948, in order to welcome the liberation of Beiping and Tianjin, the Ministry of Urban and Industrial Affairs transferred the southern branch of the original underground party (note: refers to the underground party organizations in Chongqing, Kunming and other places under the leadership of the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China during the Anti-Japanese War. Later came to Beiping and Tianjin) and the Northern Department (referring to the original underground party organizations in Ping and Tianjin) merged and established a unified academic committee.In addition to contacting major middle schools, the Academic Committee has established extensive contacts on all fronts by improving various relationships with students.There are their personnel in factories, newspaper offices, railways, post and telecommunications, and even in the party, government, army, police, constitutional, and special organs of the Kuomintang.In Beiping alone, there are three underground radio stations and three underground printing factories.Because of the strong power of the school committee, the Ministry of Urban and Industrial Engineering entrusted the school committee with the important task of contacting Fu Zuoyi's uprising. In the "second front" under the leadership of our city's Ministry of Industry, there are many outstanding fighters, and there are also many special fighters.Even Fu Zuoyi's biological daughter, Fu Dongju, is also an underground party member of our party under the leadership of the Urban Industry Department of the North China Bureau.