Chapter 20 Chapter Twenty

Autumn is approaching, and the air in northern Shaanxi is a little more dry.This made Mao Zedong's happy mood clearer.The afternoon sun accompanied by the warm wind, like a gentle whip, has been whipping in the distance.The river becomes clearer day by day, and the year is also getting old in maturity.Everything fits Mao Zedong's thinking.He paced a few steps in the cave and paused, the cigarette in his hand almost burned to the fingertips. Finally, he walked to the table, sat down, and brushed away.He wants to personally evaluate and summarize the Northwest Liberation War.This is the report on the situation and combat experience in the Northwest battlefield issued by the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China to all military regions and field armies on October 11.

From the perspective of the most essential battlefield treasures of the War of Liberation: defeating the strong with the weak and defeating the many with the few, Nishino's achievements undoubtedly have universal significance. Mao Zedong wrote: Under the command of Deputy Commander-in-Chief Peng, our army in the Northwest has only 10 brigades, including 3 local brigades. Each brigade has more than 5,000 large and 3,000 small brigades, and the total number of the entire army is more than 40,000.The border area has a population of 1.5 million, about one-third of which were occupied by the enemy. All county towns and most of the villages were once occupied by the enemy, and there are still 11 cities in the enemy's hands.There has been a drought this year, and food has been extremely difficult in recent months.Seven months of fighting did not recruit new recruits in the Liberated Areas, but all the recruits were prisoners, and they were recruited as soon as they were captured.In seven months, no formal training of more than two weeks has been done, and most of the time is spent in marching and combat.However, our army's fighting will is extremely strong, its morale is extremely high, its equipment and firepower have been greatly enhanced, and its personnel have increased slightly compared to when it started fighting in March due to the replenishment of prisoners.Taking advantage of the vastness of the border area and the support of the people, within seven months, the offensive of 24 infantry and cavalry brigades and 10 brigades of miscellaneous brands of Hu Zongnan's central group was defeated, and 11 brigades were annihilated by me or suffered annihilation. , so I turned to the counterattack.Although the people were devastated by the enemy, their consciousness was greatly raised.Although our army is several times smaller than the enemy in number, it is superior to the enemy in combat effectiveness, especially in overwhelming the enemy spiritually.The enemy is terribly afraid of us, but we are not afraid of the enemy.At present, the main force of our army is preparing to fight inside the enemy's rear for a short period of time.It is estimated that in another year or so, most of the Hu tribe will be wiped out and many places in the northwest will be captured.

Mao Zedong's estimate is relatively conservative.In the past seven months of fighting, Hu Zongnan suffered most when he got carried away with complacency.As long as his troops go crazy and go to war and parade, bad luck often follows.It's no wonder that he was on the offensive at that time, and he wanted to find the main force of the Communist army for a decisive battle. How could he add rivets to his buttocks!The situation is very different now, and Hu's defense is a foregone conclusion.After the Battle of Qingjian, the whole army was transferred to the south again and again, and the 28th Brigade of the 36th Division in Yulin (that is, Xu Bao's brigade) was also airlifted to Xi'an. Only the 22nd Army and the security guards stayed in Yulin Fifth regiment.Liu Kan's 29th Army was divided into several parts, and they were stationed in Yan'an, Ganquan, Fuxian and other areas. They just carried guns and watched the sun.At this time, Hu Zongnan was thinking most about the issue of defending the city. If Yan'an fell again and the Communist army regained it, then Chiang Kai-shek and his "political account" would never be settled for the rest of his life.

After receiving the circular drafted by Mao Zedong himself, Peng Dehuai crouched under the lantern for a whole night.Based on his intuition, the central government must have considered the specific plan for Nishino's next move.But this does not mean that Nishino himself can not use his brain.On the day when the Yanqing Campaign ended, he asked the troops questions according to the old habit, asking the commanders and fighters to give advice, and at the same time, he also asked the Central Military Commission for advice.He knew that Mao Zedong would never give him a ready-made death plan.I remember the time of "three battles and three victories". After each battle, Mao's reply was always received within a few minutes of the report on the battle situation.In the later period of the Shajiadian Battle, a telephone line was directly connected between the command post and Mao Zedong's cave.In comparison, the Battle of Beaulieu was a bit more difficult, with the disparity between the enemy and ourselves, and the attack without any heavy firearms equipment, Peng Dehuai was somewhat stressed at the time.Mao Zedong's reply was about ten words: fight resolutely, if you fight well, you will win, and if you fight poorly, you can gain experience.All of a sudden, the storm swept over and Peng Dehuai was untied.Therefore, when Peng Dehuai said that Chairman Mao of the Party Central Committee is wise and great, he spoke from the bottom of his heart and was more sincere than anyone else.Therefore, Peng Dehuai felt more responsible than anyone else.

"Our party can do without me, Peng Dehuai, but cannot do without Chairman Mao!" This is a belief.It undoubtedly affects Peng Dehuai's military decision-making.In Peng Dehuai's heart, Mao Zedong's idea of ​​"hitting behind the enemy lines" by attacking outside lines was a dream.Just imagine, the Northwest Field Army is facing the vast territory of the five northwestern provinces and regions that accounts for nearly one-third of the entire territory of China. Don't say throwing blood and using guns to seize it from the enemy's hands, it just doesn't shoot or fire. How much time would it take to measure it with a pair of feet by the soldiers!However, the Northwest Field Army just couldn't be as chic as other brother field armies, and they couldn't just leave without walking.Because its foothold is in northern Shaanxi and it is the guardian of the nest, it must first consider the safety of the core leadership.For this reason, Peng Dehuai risked a predictable sacrifice and went to the "three sides" from the north of Longdong to launch the first failed attack on Yulin.He always believed that the existence of Yulin was a great threat to the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, which vowed not to leave northern Shaanxi.

Now, Peng Dehuai is still not free from this heavy worry.All night long, his thumb hopped helplessly around the small triangle of Qingjian, Zichang, and Yanchuan, not knowing whether to go south or north.If you want to have fun, taking advantage of Hu Zongnan's restlessness, an arrow will drive Yichuan and Huanglong straight to Xi'an, his hometown, and of course it will be hearty.But what a risk it would be to leave the Central Committee alone in Mizhi, which is less than a hundred miles away from Yulin!Peng Dehuai made himself tens of thousands of knots, but he couldn't find an ideal solution.

At this moment, the Central Military Commission instructed the telegram to arrive.As Peng expected, Mao Zedong asked him a multiple-choice question: 1. Find and fight Liu Kan on the spot. It would be very meaningful if one or two brigades could be wiped out, but I don’t know if there is an opportunity to find it, and whether there is a way to find food; 2. 1. Use two columns to attack Yu (forest), Shen (wood), and Fu (valley), and one column to go south to join the two kings (Wang Zhen, Wang Shitai) to open up Weibei; 3. Do not attack local enemies, nor Yulin , the whole army went south to Luo (Chuan), Zhong (Huangling), Yi (jun), and Tong (official, that is, Tongchuan).Almost without thinking, Peng Dehuai chose the second option—to deal with Deng Baoshan again.

Between Hu Zongnan and Fu Zuoyi, Deng Baoshan's balance has always been tilted towards Fu Zuoyi.Of course there are factors of affiliation, but more importantly, personal feelings are quite different.Fu Zuoyi always looks like an old man, with deep affection and righteousness, and takes care of the overall situation; while Hu Zongnan relies on the strength of the backstage to turn his hands around, and his words don't count.If it's just bragging, it's fine, I'm afraid he often plays a little clever, only cares about his own sailing, and pushes others to a dead end.For example, Yulin Defense.Since the battle of Shajiadian, Yulin has become a "half hanger" who can't go up to the sky or go down to the ground, and it's too late to increase troops.But Hu Zongnan pulled away Xu Bao's entire 28th Brigade at this time, and Dong and Liu's armies were heading south again and again. Deng Baoshan was alone in a corner.

Chiang Kai-shek's desserts are never counted.When transporting Xu Bao’s troops by air, he promised first: “Fortress Yulin, food and equipment will be quickly replenished.” However, Deng Baoshan stood on the Lingxiao Tower outside the south gate of Yulin and looked through his eyes. The Ministry of National Defense aircraft will always be in his eyes landed in a dream.Later I found out that this was also because Hu Zongnan played tricks out of it.Lao Jiang's "Zhejiang disease" has reached an advanced stage.His ear holes are always only half open, and he listens to one voice. His closeness and closeness are clearly distinguished. ——This made Deng Baoshan, a native of Shaanxi, very sad.

Deng Baoshan's thoughts cannot be hidden from the CCP's eyes and ears, and Peng Dehuai certainly has a list.Take the opportunity to attack Yulin and remove obstacles on the northern line such as Yu (forest), Shen (wood), and Fu (valley).At the wild division combat meeting, Peng Dehuai analyzed: "The total number of defenders in Yulin does not exceed 9,000, and they are very isolated. Under the current circumstances, it is very unlikely that Hu Zongnan will go north to reinforce Yulin. The closest one is Ma Hongkui's department in Ningxia. But Ma's army is a feudal siege, and has always preserved its strength. When others fight, they will see. Besides, we have also taught some lessons in the battle of "Three Sides", so we probably won't make such a mistake easily. Therefore, comrades must have confidence, and victory is very sure."

Therefore, the three columns of No. 1, No. 3, and No. 6 and the No. 4 and No. 6 regiments of the Suide Division immediately set off from Suide and headed straight for Yulin.The first vertical crosses the Wuding River from the direction of Xiayan Bay and Xicha to the north, and advances towards Sancha Bay.From October 24th to 27th, within three days, all the strongholds such as Guidebao and Sanchawan outside Yulin were occupied.At the same time, the third and sixth columns also developed quite smoothly. Some well-known strongholds such as Wulidun, Qingyun Temple, King Kong Temple, Wuliang Hall, Changle Fort, etc. were swept away without much trouble. clear.Even the airport that Deng Baoshan painstakingly built came without any effort.Coincidentally, when a plane sent by Xi'an to transport firearms landed, the two guns of our army occupying Wulitun and Xishaliang fired together, and all the bullets of the plane were blown up. The pilot was killed, and the co-pilot raised his hands .In this way, Yulin City was easily surrounded by groups. Victory in the first battle is said to be a bit inspiring, but after hearing the reports from various ministries, Peng Dehuai felt heavy in his heart.Experience told him that it is not necessarily a good thing to attack a well-prepared city too smoothly, and there must be a reason for it!The reason for this later came to light: first, the Yulin defenders had fully estimated the siege of Xiye, and made arrangements: because of insufficient troops, they stipulated that once Yulin was attacked, except for the city wall and the south gate, Lingxiao Tower Highland The two strongholds of Jiezhai and Beiguan, which are close to the city, must be guarded outside, and the rest of the strongholds outside the city must be abandoned; In the hands of Xu Zhijia, commander of the Sixth Division, Yu Fanggao, chief of staff of the general headquarters, and Hu Jingtong, senior counselor of the headquarters.Zuo Shiyun is always in charge and can direct and dispatch everything.And that key figure, Deng Baoshan, quietly boarded a plane and flew to Peiping before the guns fired outside Yulin City.This, of course, is an important plot that Peng Dehuai cannot ignore anyway. Deng Baoshan went prepared.Sitting on the plane, he made up his mind: If Fu Zuoyi doesn't show friendship this time and just ignores Yulin, he will never return!Deng knew very well that relying on Yulin's current capital alone, it would be better to fly to Mao Zedong if he went back by himself-perhaps it would be more decent.Deng Baoshan thought wildly all the way, and when she got off the plane, she changed into a general's uniform when she got off the plane, wishing she could see the life-saving Bodhisattva right away.It never occurred to me that Fu actually "sit in town" in Zhangjiakou. It is said that he specially left a message for Deng, asking Deng to go to him to discuss everything.Although Deng Baoshan was slightly disappointed, she didn't reveal it at all, and hurried to Zhangjiakou again. The conversation started with Hu Zongnan.Fu Zuoyi dragged his voice: "Xi'an is now relaxed. If the fishing rod is broken, you can just watch the fire from the other side." He glanced at Deng Baoshan, recalled a time when Deng and Hu had a close relationship, and asked casually knowingly: "No matter what you say, it's not like you don't even have a telegram, right?" This is exactly Deng Baoshan's sore spot. After being poked by this, of course it's uncomfortable, but it's inconvenient to argue, so she sighed: "Oh——what is he? What are we, but when things come to an end, we have to clean up the front door!" This sentence is a bit of a knock, but after all, the conversation has just started, so you have to take it easy, so as not to be too aggressive and hurt your friendship.Therefore, Deng Baoshan lowered the voice of the last sentence, and immediately added emotion: "He (referring to Hu Zongnan) is also a mud bodhisattva crossing the river!" Fu Zuoyi frowned with difficulty.He just wanted to give Deng Baoshan some ups and downs, but he didn't expect Deng to take it seriously.So, he changed the direction of the conversation and said: "With the personal friendship between you and my brother for many years, I dare not sit by and watch the danger of Yulin. It's nothing to worry about, but, you know, the Chasui line of defense is hundreds of kilometers long. Where can I dig a piece and cut a piece? Originally, I wanted to airlift the traffic police team to you. Don’t underestimate it. It’s all American equipment! But now Yulin Airport is gone..." Listen, brotherhood Yes, there is chivalry and courage, and the last sigh clearly contains accusations.Deng Baoshan heard that there was smoke in the seven orifices, and asked me to come to Zhangjiakou from all the way. Could it be that she wanted to question me?If you don't want to reach out, you can't play charades, and it's not a day or two to get along with each other... Deng Baoshan's stomach is churning, but his mouth is still holding his own. He is determined to show his cards: "Then... there is no way?" "It's difficult——" Fu Zuoyi actually called out the board.Deng Baoshan was originally a cheerful person, not to mention the urgent situation in Yulin at the moment, Dang even didn't want to go around in circles, so he immediately got up and said goodbye.This soft nail was unexpected by him, and he could only sigh in his heart that the world is cold and cold, and look down on his long-term friendship with Fu.So he sneered and said, "So, I, Deng, can only live and die with Yulin! Brother Fu, if you are loyal to the party and the country in a humble position, can you burn some paper on the grave every year on Qingming Festival?!" Although the words Ordinary, but the meaning is extremely sad, and there is a piercing edge in the pressing cold air.Fu Zuoyi was moved from the bottom of his heart, and couldn't help fighting, so he reached out his hand to stop Deng Baoshan: "Don't be impatient, Baoshan, you and I have to discuss it carefully about such a big matter!" Deng Baoshan stopped and said nothing, just took out the emergency telegram Zuo Shiyun sent a few hours ago, and patted it in front of Fu Zuoyi.Fu Zuoyi glanced at it, then got to the point, and said solemnly: "I will immediately order Liang Panchi, the deputy commander of the 17th Division, to take a reinforced regiment to Zhasa Banner. Don't worry, I will send a car to deliver it. From Baotou to Zhasa Banner, we will work early and late One day is enough. The regiment will be under your command. I will replenish its weapons and ammunition. In addition, I plan to go to Ningxia to find Ma Hongkui..." Upon hearing about Ma Hongkui, Deng Baoshan shook her hand quickly: "It's a must. I can't afford to use those things from Ma Jiajun." He was afraid that when the time came, it would be easier to ask the gods than to give them away, and there would be endless troubles. "Hey, when is it!" Fu Zuoyi persuaded practically: "You don't care if he is a thing, as long as he can solve the siege of Yulin! Besides, I don't need you to go to Ningxia to find him. Why rush!" Deng Baoshan sighed and said, "It's the only way to go now." Fu Zuoyi hooked his fingers at the guards, and brought two glasses of red wine.He handed a cup to Deng Baoshan, who was full of mourning, and raised another cup himself: "Come on, have a drink!" The subtext can be regarded as a clearing up of previous suspicions, or as a wish for success.Deng Baoshan forced a wry smile. A few hours later, the news of the impending arrival of reinforcements reached Yulin.Zuo Shiyun, the commander of the 22nd Army, bared his teeth and laughed happily: "Commander Deng has a solution!" To be honest, Zuo Shiyun has been terrified these days.Especially on the day when the 714th Regiment occupied the airport, the plane was still taxiing and was hit by several 60 shells.The fire broke out immediately, because both sides were shooting at each other, and there was no way to save them. We could only stand on the top of the city, witness the thick smoke from a distance, and hear the sound of cracking and cracking.Worst of all, the incident turned out to be the result of the ground crew retaliating against the pilot.Because of the tense situation in Yulin, the wealthy wives tried to escape by plane one after another. The pilots saw the opportunity to make a fortune and took advantage of the momentum to ask for prices: one tael of gold per person!The ground crew became jealous and proposed to divide the spoils.As a result, there was a fight between dragons and tigers in the sky and on the ground.Apparently, the transport plane would not have landed if the ground staff had even hinted at it.The plane crashed, people were killed, and the scandal was exposed. The city was full of storms and panic, and it was not until Zuo Shiyun shot several suspects that the matter calmed down a little. With the battles of Shajiadian, Huanglong and Yanqing, the heavy weapons and equipment of the Northwest Field Army have been greatly different from the past.Zuo Shiyun immediately felt this when he heard the sound of guns outside the city.An isolated city.There is no hope of reinforcements, the whole city's soldiers and civilians are terrified, and there is no news of Deng Baoshan's departure, so how can Zuo Shiyun, the head of the family, not be terrified!In desperation, he didn't care too much, so he hurriedly ordered Yang Zhonghuang's regiment stationed in Fugu and Shenmu to ignore Fugu and Shenmu and rush to Yulin immediately at a forced march for emergency treatment.When the regiment rushed to the Sandaohezi area more than 40 kilometers north of the city in a mess and waited to enter the city, news came from the south of the city that all the must-defend positions of the Lingxiao Tower had been lost.Zuo Shiyun gave a few orders with a hammer in the east and a stick in the west, and was about to go to the city wall of the south gate to check the details. As soon as he ran to the east, he heard the faint sound of an airplane motor in the sky.He didn't expect that this was Fu Zuoyi who went to Ningxia to move troops.Zuo Shiyun looked up and saw the wings of the plane passing by slowly in the clouds, and saw the colorful papers flying all over the sky from the plane, not to mention how melancholy and frustrated he felt in his heart! Zuo Shiyun was not in the mood to inspect the city walls again, and decided to do his best to get Yang Zhongsun's regiment into the city as soon as possible. After some contact and planning, Yang's regiment rushed into the city with firepower that night.As a result, the traumatized main force of the regiment barely rushed into the city, and most of the personnel of the supplementary training camp who were dragged behind became prisoners.Immediately afterwards, the three columns of Nishino launched a general attack across the board.After occupying the position of Lingxiao Tower, Yizong, who was the main attacker, had little effect after a night of fierce fighting.To sum up after dawn, the old problems are still the same, the ladder is short, the wall is thick, and the grenade cannot hit it.Moreover, after the first Battle of Yulin, the defenders set up many hidden firepower points on the city wall, waiting for the siege troops to rush within a hundred meters and suddenly open fire.Undoubtedly, this move caused extremely serious casualties to the siege troops. Zhang Zongxun, Liao Hansheng and He Bingyan watched the soldiers fall one after another through the binoculars, and their hearts were like a knife.He Bingyan scolded furiously: "Damn it, what kind of dick fight is this? You're making a live target for the enemy!" Liao Hansheng also sincerely said to Zhang Zongxun beside him: "Old Zhang, I think it's time to stop and think of a way out!" The sacrifice is great, and the troops also complain, especially those soldiers who have just been liberated from the Kuomintang army. They are not used to our spelling. Have you seen it? The commander raised his gun and shouted, and there were always some people behind. Crap, the ones going forward are all veterans and backbones..." Zhang Zongxun is also well aware of this situation.But there was no way, tens of thousands of captured soldiers were recruited, and the troops fought one after another. There was no time to calm down for a whole day. Ideological and political work could only be done with a few words between battles.The military skills of those liberation fighters are generally not bad, and most of them are the children of poor families who were arrested by the young men, and the foundation of class consciousness should be said to be solid.However, the lights were not turned on, and the work was not in place. Compared with the veteran soldiers, the political quality of these soldiers was naturally inferior.They all joined the People's Liberation Army with a lot of enthusiasm. Many people still have the idea of ​​"eating food to be a soldier".These emotions, which are usually intangible and invisible, can be a big problem when they are on the battlefield. The quality of soldiers cannot be solved overnight, but strategic and tactical adjustments can be made in due course.Zhang Zongxun decided to use the "strike" as a false response to cover up another secret and stupid method - soil work.After he carried out his intentions, the momentum of the front line outside the South Gate did not decrease at all, but there was much thunder and rain, and the sacrifice of troops was much smaller.This unabated momentum made Zuo Shiyun in the city doubtful. Could it be that the officers and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army are all gods?Don't eat or sleep, don't even need to take a breath?He ordered the defenders of the city wall to look around to see what happened.Two days passed, and on the morning of November 4th, the secret was finally exposed. The defending enemy suddenly discovered that the southeast city corner near Kuixing Tower, the south section of the city, the east section of the south city, and some other important areas, had the People's Liberation Army besieging the city underground. Heck," digging the tunnel. Zuo Shiyun was taken aback.This person believes in Buddhism and always believes that Jigong, the living Buddha, is protecting him. He always recites the mantra: "When things are in a hurry, there will be surprises." Now, where is the "surprise"?If the city wall of Yulin is blown open, even if there is a gap the size of a doorway, the Communist army attacking the city like a torrent will definitely not be able to stop it!In a hurry, he sent Fu Zuoyi a call for help, and at the same time ordered the collection of a large number of cloth bags and porcelain urns to prepare for sand blocking and ground sound monitoring.All of a sudden, the whole city was full of panic, and all the plants and trees were full of soldiers.At noon the next day, a soldier in the special agent platoon of the Gaolingyun Regiment in Nancheng suddenly lost his mind.The special agent platoon leader didn't care about injustice, picked up a machine gun and slammed into the cave, making a mess... Zuo Shiyun gritted his teeth, and continued like this until November 8th. The thing that worried him finally came to an end. happened! At around 12 noon that day, the reconnaissance team reported to Zuo Shiyun twice: the sound of the Communist army digging the tunnel was very weak, and sometimes there was no sound.Zuo Shiyun didn't know the details, so he had to give an order vaguely: "All cities should be on strict guard, and no mistakes will be made!" Less than 10 minutes after the order was spread, suddenly guns fired from four cities in east, west, north, south, and the siege troops were all on the ground. Step up the fire attack.The violent ensemble continued until 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when two dull bangs came from the depths of the formation, "Boom Boom Boom" shook the whole city like an earthquake.The phone in front of Zuo Shiyun rang, and the Nancheng Gaoling Yuntuan reported: The eastern section of the southern city wall was blown up with flying dust, and all the guards on the city were stunned and fainted! This is the culmination of the completion of the tunnel blasting operations of the New Fourth Brigade and the Unique Brigade.In the morning, they dug a 60-meter-wide and a 120-meter-wide tunnel respectively, filled two coffins with 500 kilograms of explosives, sealed them tightly in the afternoon, and detonated them. Finally, they blasted a 20-meter-wide gap in the city wall, enough for a four-way column Together and attack into the city.Regrettably, the coordination between the underground and the ground was not very thorough. There were no leading cadres on the scene to accurately grasp the situation of the breach.By the time the attack was organized again in an orderly manner, the defenders' firepower network had tightly controlled the gap, and it was impossible to charge in again. This news was really like a small knife being pulled on Peng Dehuai's heart.He, who never showed his face in an emergency, couldn't help shouting into the microphone: "What's wrong! Damn, you answer me..." "The troops are summing up their lessons, and we decided to dig another tunnel. Explode." "Dig dig, dig you ghost! Do you know where this explosive came from? Comrades from the Shanxi-Sui and Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei military regions brought it here on donkeys from thousands of miles away! We are shameless, we It’s too disappointing for the support of friends and neighbors!” Peng Dehuai pulled off his hat and dropped the phone with a dark face.At this time, I suddenly heard a noise behind me. Some fellow villagers carried a seriously wounded person to the Yesi command post. The guards were anxious and yelled to prevent them from entering.Peng Dehuai roared: "What's the matter?" Someone whispered the whole story.He pushed through the crowd and hurried to the stretcher, squatted down to look at the injuries of the wounded, and stared angrily at the guards when he got up: "What are you shouting? This is a barbaric act! I don't know how much the villagers are risking their lives. Only after rescuing the wounded did I know how many mountains I had to climb and how many difficult distances I walked to get here. If you were the Kuomintang headquarters, you wouldn’t be able to pull him in even if you tied him with ropes!” He asked the stretcher team to carry the stretcher to his In the cave dwelling, I personally poured a bowl of water for each of the fellow villagers, and handed it to them respectfully, saying: "My fellow villagers, the wounded will never forget you, and neither will we. You have made great contributions to the revolution." Then, sent The man took the stretcher to the hospital.Standing at the door, I watched the fellow carrying the stretcher disappear into the mountain trail. Back at the command post, just lying down on the map, suddenly there was a sharp roar in the sky, and the enemy plane bombed!Then, the sky was blown up on the positions of the various troops. Looking through the telescope, thick smoke billowed and flames gleamed.Every flash point gave Peng Dehuai a heartache.Whether he was sitting or standing, his hand holding the binoculars was trembling.Soon, the casualty report came... These days, it happened almost every day, every two or three hours, and there were no less than 50 sorties in each bombing.Chiang Kai-shek has ordered the Guisui, Taiyuan, Xi'an and other air bases to attack in turn, bombarding the Yulin besieged troops continuously and indiscriminately.How could Zuo Shiyun give up such a good opportunity to fight to the death!Almost every time a plane arrives, the artillery on the ground in the city will respond closely, ping-pong-pong, firing desperately. All the soil on the positions of the siege troops is blown loose, and the vegetation bunkers are swept away. The soldiers are buried in the soil. He never dared to get up until the sound of the explosion had subsided. Peng Dehuai couldn't open his eyes due to the number of combat casualties! what to do?If we retreat here, all previous efforts will be wasted; if we continue to attack the city, the casualties will be too great!Just when Peng Dehuai was in a dilemma, Ma Jiajun, who Fu Zuoyi moved, arrived.The person who came was Ma Dunjing, commander of the 18th Division of Ningma Reorganization.He led the 168th Brigade, the Ninth Brigade, the 10th Cavalry Brigade and four Ningxia security regiments, swarming from the east of "Three Sides" to Yulin during the starry night.This made Peng Dehuai lose room for trade-offs, and decisively decided: keep a small number of troops to continue to stare at Yulin, and the main force will gather at Yuan Datan, west of Yulin, to face Ma's army. The key to beating Ma's army is to beat his cavalry. Everyone is a layman in this area. In the early days of the Battle of Longdong, the Second Zong suffered a lot.When the troops were making adjustments, Peng Dehuai thought of one person, and that was Xu Guangda, the commander of the Three Columns.In the entire Northwest Field Army, only Xu Guangda had studied the subject of infantry fighting cavalry in the Soviet system, which was a bit basic in theory.Peng Dehuai immediately called Xu Guangda to Yesi.Said: "Guangda, tell me about it, do you pay attention to infantry and cavalry?" Xu was the dean of the Anti-Japanese University, and he did have a set of tactical theory.However, he commanded the war by himself and never restricted the theoretical framework.Before Peng Dehuai came to him, he had already used the time during which the troops were building fortifications to finish all the cadre meetings above the three vertical companies.At the meeting, he naturally introduced the theory of Soviet infantry fighting cavalry, but he also emphasized to everyone: "Don't copy it rote, theory is theory, application is application, the most important thing for infantry to fight cavalry is not to be afraid, calm To fight, to be fast..." This point of view aroused Peng Dehuai's great interest.However, he still decided to convey to the troops some common-sense and regular rules such as flexible implementation of firepower transfer, shooting people first and shooting horses and people not leaving the trench, forcing the enemy to dismount and turning disadvantages into advantages.However.Before this work could be done, Ma Dunjing's cavalry rushed in like a flood.Yizong fought against the cavalry of the Ma family army in the "Three Fronts" battle in the past, so he knew a little bit about the way. Although he lacked desert combat experience, the first wave hit and suffered heavy casualties, but after all, he repelled the enemy's surprise attack and fought back. More than 4,000 enemies were killed, wounded and captured.It was the first time for the soldiers of the Three Columns to see the "cavalry cavalry" only after hearing about it.The new way of fighting has not been practiced, so it can be said that it will not work; the old way is against infantry, and it is not effective against cavalry.After the artillery fire was prepared, before the fortifications could be restored, the cavalry rushed forward.All the shallow positions are in vain, and the troops have no support.Some people jumped into the trench, but because of the short time, they didn't dig deep enough, and they couldn't hide their heads even when they bowed their bodies, so they had to climb out again and run away.Just in time, the enemy cavalry quickly chased and killed them, condescending, cutting left and right.Where can two legs run better than four?The commanders and fighters let the enemy chase and kill them at will in the wilderness, with nowhere to hide. In the evening, there was a strong wind, and the yellow sand beat the enemy on horseback blindly. The People's Liberation Army took the opportunity to fight back.After the fierce battle, Yuan Datan was filled with mourning and blood everywhere, which was unbearable to watch.Some commanders and fighters couldn't help but shed tears... The chiefs naturally felt uncomfortable, but no matter what, the enemy's final retreat was always a bit gratifying.Therefore, Yesi urged the troops to clean up the battlefield as soon as possible, and prepare to return to Yulin and continue to attack the city.However, no one thought that Ma's army's retreat was actually a trick.In fact, they had already made a detour to Yulin to have a happy meeting with Zuo Shiyun's defenders! There is only one way left for Peng Dehuai: Withdraw!The main force quickly withdrew southward to Xiangshui Fort, Dangjiacha, Yuhebao, and Xicha to rest and reorganize. The whole army had to face the reality that the second siege of Yulin failed to achieve the expected combat objective.Fighting for 25 days before and after, although more than 6,800 enemies were wiped out, the price paid was extremely heavy.In particular, Yulin City opened a gap but did not break through. The lesson is very profound!It sounds absurd, because they were worried that the explosives would break their intestines when they exploded together, so none of the soldiers dared to eat enough beforehand.When the explosives went off, no one’s intestines were broken, but nine out of ten soldiers who didn’t dare to eat enough had their legs weak, their eyes glistening, and their spirits were as low as noodles; There will be a deep hole under the feet once it explodes, and the attack team's deployment is actually 300 meters away from the breakthrough, and there is a river in the middle.As a result, as soon as the blast hole came out, the enemy's reserve team was the first to be discovered.Before the smoke cleared, they rushed out of the exit.At this time, our attacking unit had not had time to cross the river.After finally climbing up the river ridge, the enemy reserve team has already greeted them with swords and guns, and the two sides are fighting hand-to-hand under the city.During this period, the favorable terrain controlling the gap was occupied by the enemy.At the same time, the enemy also went all out to seal the opening with sandbags.By 7 o'clock the next morning, the gap was completely closed. The more profound reason, of course, is the quality of the troops themselves.Decades later, Deputy Commander Zhang Zongxun mentioned in his recollections that besides underestimating the enemy and overestimating the feudal side of Ma's army, the more important reason for the defeat of Yulin in the second attack was that "after more than three months of internal counter-offensive In combat, the Northwest Field Army was expanded from two columns and two brigades to five columns. Great changes were made in the composition of troops, and the composition of captives increased. In some companies, it was more than 80%. The ideology of the troops is extremely unstable. The class boundaries of the liberation fighters are blurred, and they do not know who they are fighting for; when the supply of materials is extremely difficult, some people in the troops have the idea of ​​​​fearing hardships, and the phenomenon of violating the discipline of the masses has increased, and they cannot resolutely complete their tasks in combat; Cadres mistakenly believe that the enemy army in the northwest is strong, their fighting spirit is not strong, and their work is irresponsible..." Peng Dehuai withdrew to Zhaojiamao with the Northwest Field Army Command.In the past few days, he said little, and he didn't bother to shave his beard. His face was full of stubble and stiff.Compared with before the siege of Yulin, he was obviously thinner.The weather in northern Shaanxi is as cold as it can be said, with strong winds blowing constantly, and the cold air is getting more and more severe every day. Peng Dehuai is still wearing the old padded jacket he wore when he retreated from Yan'an. The cuffs and shoulders are worn out, and the sweat stains can be seen at a glance come out.I don't know if it's because he's thin or because the cotton is knotted, but the cotton coat on his body looks a lot bigger, and his upper and lower body are a little swaying.Peng Dehuai didn't care, he still paced, still bent on the kang table and worked intently.The little soldiers in the security squad were very concerned about this.Seeing that Mr. Peng doesn't eat much, he makes some soup and porridge for a while, and quietly serves them on the kang table.I hope he can take a sip whenever he is in the mood after work. Another dawn came, and no one at the sentry found that Mr. Peng had turned off the lights and slept.The guard Xiao Zhang got up in the middle of the night to add some oil to the lantern, and now he saw that it was almost dry again.Birds chirping and sporadic human voices can already be heard outside the cave dwelling, and the sun shines through the window panes.Xiao Zhang blew out the lantern and wanted to say something to persuade the boss to rest, but seeing his face was not good-looking, he dared not say the words.Holding the still smoking lantern, he tiptoed towards the door.As soon as he walked to the door, there was a loud "bang" in his ears suddenly, and he was so frightened that the lantern almost fell to the ground.It was Peng Dehuai who slapped the Kang table.Peng's face looked as if it had been slashed by a knife, rolling thunder and lightning, and shouted: "It's outrageous, it's outrageous, it's the Kuomintang!" He jumped off the kang and ordered: "Go, call Deputy Commander Zhang and Deputy Commander Zhao. Come!" Zhang Zongxun was washing by the river, and Zhao Shoushan was walking at the entrance of the village. Neither of them knew what happened.As soon as he entered the door, Peng Dehuai pointed to a document on the Kang desk and said, "Let's have a look first before discussing." Zhang and Zhao leaned over and saw that it was a telegram jointly sent by He Long, the Northwest Bureau, and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government. There are some mass discipline issues during the recent marches and operations of the Xiye troops.Among them, there have been incidents in the past that used the door panels and furniture of fellow villagers as firewood, damaged tanks, barrels, etc. The little daughter-in-law had a big belly, and the fellow villagers sued the border government to demand justice. 看完电报，张宗逊和赵寿山都表示，对违反群众纪律的现象应当严肃处理，并且借这个机会好好整肃一下部队，特别是教育解放战士问题，已到了刻不容缓的地步。但是，涉及处理具体的人和事，张宗逊试探地问彭德怀：是不是等习仲勋副政委和甘泗淇主任他们回来商议一下？习和甘一个去了河东，一个下了部队，张宗逊从部队现状考虑，心情比较复杂。彭德怀皱起眉头：“伤了群众，还有么子可商量的！”停一停，慢慢踱几步，说：“从土地革命到现在，群众养活我们，支持我们，恩德如同父母。没有他们，哪有我们今天？哪有么子胜利？可是我们偏偏有人不把群众纪律当作一回事！”他挺起胸脯，一言九鼎：“把情况搞搞准，该枪毙就枪毙，有么法子。”说完，低头深深叹了一口气。 部队的纪律检查很快进入到实质性的阶段，各纵、各旅团都在批评教育基础上，处理了一些情节极为恶劣、影响很坏的人和事。那个出了男女问题的战士因为后果严重，决定枪毙。按规定，这个处理报告要由彭德怀签字，方可执行。整整一个上午，彭德怀把报告三番五次翻来覆去看，就是下不了笔。最后，保卫干部急了，跑过来催，彭德怀一咬牙签了个字，随之烫手似的把那报告摔到地上，跺着脚喊：“这个小鬼才23岁，现在犯了杀头之罪！我们这些人是干么子的呀？”接着喟然长叹，两行热泪夺眶而出！ 这件事对部队震动很大，指战员们把榆林失利当作一面镜子，一点一点对照检查，什么畏缩不前、谎报军情，个别营团指挥员责任心差，敷衍塞责等，全抖搂出来。纵队领导会议上，廖汉生火药味很浓地发言说：“我们前后两次攻打榆林，都重犯同样的错误，痛失良机，贻误战事，这反映出我们领导对部队姑息迁就，遇到问题处理不严，教育不力，所以到了关键时刻战斗意志不强……”此言一出，大家七嘴八舌，有的指名道姓挑毛病，有的诚恳地作自我批评。任职时间不长的六纵司令员罗元发在人后瓮声瓮气地说：“大家谈了这么多，都有道理。要我说，彭总是总指挥，他最有发言权！彭总，你说说嘛！” “罗元发你说错啰，”彭德怀像个老大哥似的从地图上抬起身，“最有发言权的哪里是我，是战士嘛，是那些战斗在一线的战士。他们出生入死，他们流了血……”彭德怀说着说着又动了感情，沉默好一会儿，才又说：“那么多的烈士，很多人名字都没有留下……错误是我们的，是我的，我们千万要记住他们啊，同志们！”彭德怀摘下帽子，默默踱个来回：“我看，我们还是多到下面看看，多到连队，甚至到班排，听听战士们怎么讲。” 其实，许多人早就下去了。三五八旅政委余秋里就是这样，一头扎到七一四团五连四班，坐在土炕上，和战士们随随便便聊天。四班长梁虎是山西汾阳人，老八路，个子挺大，剃个光头，左手捧着马粪纸订起来的小本，右手握半截铅笔，随时准备记点什么。 余秋里脸上挂着和蔼的笑容，一个个问了名姓，哪里人，家中还有谁等。他发现炕角那个方头大耳的小个子战士总不说话，就问：“你叫什么名字，怎么不爰讲话？”“张二愣。”回话像石头一样，扑通声响。余秋里瞅着张二愣端详一眼，说：“怪不得呢。”张二愣知道首长是说他的名字，便憨憨地解释：“爹给起的名，小时候开口说话晚……”小伙子一句话没说完，脸就红到了耳朵根。余秋里点头：“怎么样，张二愣同志，谈谈你的想法？扯什么是什么，不讲规矩。”张二愣这下可难住了，低着头，这个手搓那个手，半天没见声音。 见张二愣下不来台的样子，梁虎班长替他解围说：“他呀，是咱班里的大姑娘，就怕首长叫他谈想法，胆子这么丁点……”梁班长比划着小指尖，说着朝余秋里挤挤眼睛。这是个激将法，还真管用，没想到张二愣胸脯一挺，说：“谁、谁怕啦！说就说，余政委又不是别人！”他硬邦邦地开了口，身体抖抖地站起来。余秋里带头鼓开了掌，张二愣在全班的掌声中说：“余政委，咱是有句话不明白，又不敢言语，今天冲你，咱说个痛快！”“好啊，说吧！坐下说。”张二愣朝炕角看一眼，不坐：“以前咱唱歌子是怎么唱的？'打走日本好回家！'可现在哩，日本人投降了，咱该回家过太平日子了，可又要和国民党打。打呀打呀打呀，光是榆林，咱班就牺牲了五个，这还算少哩，二班是七个，四班就剩副班长了，这仗……啥是个头哩？” 余秋里没想到张二愣要说的是这个，心里暗暗一惊。是啊，解放战争形势发展得这么快，差不多三五个月就有一个大的转折，一些同志思想准备不充分，还停留在抗战胜利那个阶段，搞不清为什么要跟国民党打……余秋里沉思起来：进行阶级教育刻不容缓啊。 见余秋里不说话，张二愣吐吐舌头：“咱这思想……是不是，嗨，这也不是咱一个人的想法……”梁虎班长忙接过话头：“这想法肯定有问题嘛，蒋介石是个啥玩意儿？不打能成吗！你不打他，他要打你，没见上月在鱼河堡，国民党飞机一颗炸弹就死了八十多个老乡。不把蒋介石打倒，咱抗日的胜利果实，能保得住吗？” “我来说两句，”一个年龄稍长的老兵从外面进来，怀里抱着一杆枪，看样子是刚下哨。他一边摘着子弹袋，一边慢慢说：“咱也说不好，前几天咱那口子，哦，就是孩他娘，托咱村一个乡亲给咱捎来个信，说咱家乡土改啦！斗倒了地主侯守仁，分了他家的地，好几百亩呢，都是好地！咱家也分到五亩好地，还有一头水牯牛。这几天咱就寻思着，地也有啦，牛也有啦，里里外外得有个照应，缺的就是咱这把手啊。庄稼人嘛，三亩地一头牛，老婆孩子热炕头，还图个啥呢，消消停停过日子呗……” “看来，你是把过日子的好手啊！”余秋里饶有兴趣地望着他，“那么你倒给我说说，你来当兵是为了什么？”梁虎班长见余秋里问起这个，忙凑近耳边小声说：“首长，他是解放入伍的。”余秋里刚“哦”了一声，那老兵便抢着说：“梁班长，你不用那么点儿声，咱是抓壮丁去的。家里兄弟多，六个，三丁抽一，五丁抽二，这谁都知道。穷呗，又买不通保长，只好就来吃粮当兵。咱在那边也是个本本分分的兵，没做过亏心事。投了解放军，咱还本分当兵……吃皇粮，当丘八嘛，反正是卖命。吃毛主席的粮，就给毛主席当兵；吃蒋介石的粮，就给蒋介石卖命，活到今天就算不错了。”“你不觉得当解放军跟国民党兵不一样吗？”“是不一样，军服不同，解放军官长不打人，不糟践老百姓，像你，都当了旅长了，也跟咱当兵的和和气气。不过平心说，那边伙食好，常有肉吃，谁还嚼黑豆呀！这边饭也吃不上，老饿肚子……” 临离开五连时，余秋里去了营部，找到教导员夏伟，仔细了解全营解放战士的情况。据夏介绍，他们营除了骨干，几乎全是俘虏兵，“这些人过去受国民党欺骗宣传中毒太深，动不动就打架，还搞这个会那个会什么的，心乱得很，对我军的性质呀、宗旨呀、任务呀、纪律呀这一套，一窍不通。不说他们，就翻了天；说重了，又怕伤着他们，打仗还得靠他们哪……但这些兵本质是好的，大多是农家子弟，贫苦出身。”余秋里眼睛一亮：“对呀，我们要信任他们，启发他们的阶级觉悟嘛！” 这一点夏伟也想到了，动过一些脑筋，比方说搞国共两军的对比教育，启发解放战士控诉国民党抓兵之苦、当兵之苦，畅谈当解放军官兵平等、军民一家的切身感受，效果很好。有些兵刚解放过来，还叽叽喳喳说个没完，过不久便成了“闷罐子”。对比教育一展开，“闷罐子”又纷纷打开了。这些兵往往有思想，一开口就吓人一跳，就像余秋里遇到的那个张二愣。回到旅部，余秋里认真写了一份报告，提出以阶级教育为龙头、以巩固部队战斗意志为目的，展开思想上、组织上的一次彻底整顿。彭德怀看了报告浑身像着了火：“秋里，有么子办法没有哇？”余秋里说：“办法正在想，我看诉苦就行。”“诉苦？好嘛。我们这些指战员哪个没得一肚子苦水？！这个主意不错，从感情上入手，触及灵魂……”彭德怀兴奋地对着电话大喊大叫。 “老彭啊，听说一纵部队在搞诉苦教育，形势喜人，是不是啊？”毛泽东一见彭德怀就急切地问。显然，他早已关注这件事。彭德怀笑了笑，有一分得意，但不易察觉。毛泽东领会在心，自言自语地进行理论上的概括：“诉苦，诉什么苦呢？就是控诉地主阶级给予劳动人民的剥削之苦，控诉国民党反动军队给予士兵群众的压迫之苦。通过这种形式达到深刻的阶级教育之目的……”他深为赞许地点点头，转对彭德怀：“点子是个好点子，老彭，你又立了一大功劳！” 一听说功劳，彭德怀连连摇手：“不不不，主席，这个问题，前委起了批准作用，起带头作用的是三五八旅，又以七一四团为最突出。点子嘛，是余秋里他们想的。秋里同志很会做工作，最善于深入基层到战士们中间，解决部队建设具体问题；最善于抓典型，用典型推动工作。他手下有一批秀才，过硬得很。”彭德怀一向不喜欢夸说部属，这次似乎是个例外。 这时，周恩来和任弼时过来了。周提出可否把诉苦教育与学好《土地法大纲》和《中国人民解放军宣言》这两个文件结合起来搞。这两份文件都是毛泽东在9月、10月间的杰作。尤其是后一份，毛泽东郑重喊出了一个历史性的口号：“打倒蒋介石，解放全中国！”这和稍稍早一个月公布的中共中央另一份文件《解放战争第二年的战略方针》相映生辉。在那个文件中，毛泽东正式号召全党、全军“举行全国性的反攻”！那些日子，毛泽东每天清早都要爬到神泉堡后面那堆土坷垃上，吸着烟，看日出。远方的炮火像晨曦一样成为背景，仗越打越大，蒋介石的“全面进攻”成为泡影，“重点进攻”又严重受挫。人民解放军强渡黄河天险，千里跃进大别山，转战江淮河汉，形成对蒋军全国规模的巨大攻势。毛泽东心中“中央突破、两翼牵制、三军挺进、互为掎角”的一篇绝妙文章，就要如期封笔了。所以周恩来希望西野眼前的诉苦教育，能使战士们从根本上确立“为土地而战”的信念，从而在内心发出“打倒蒋介石，解放全中国”的呼喊。 Besides, there is another reason.周恩来向彭德怀透露：“主席对西北野战军很满意、很有感情，正在写文电向全军介绍你们的经验哩！”这个经验包括“以少胜多、以弱胜强，不怕伤亡，连续战斗，善于捕捉战机，在战役或战斗之间组织部队短期休整”，特别是“在粮食极端困难、物质条件极其差的情况下，不叫苦、打胜仗的精神”，如果再来一个“诉苦”、再来一个“为土地而战”，那么，毛泽东将要向全军转发的这份经验，就更加全面、更加厚实了。 经周恩来一点拨，彭德怀着了慌，忙说我们做得不好，打榆林有好多好多教训要吸取，他个人责任也很大，有点儿成绩是因为主席和党中央领导得正确。彭老总天生不会说光面话，一说光面话，周身都显得有点笨拙。毛泽东连连摆手：“老彭啊你不要说了，打榆林没有错，你的指挥也是好的，胜败乃兵家常事嘛，打仗哪能没有胜负？况且，榆林一仗未必就算'负'，西北战场总体打得很好嘛，要不然，我们还敢站在这里说话？早就过河投奔贺龙去啰！”这席话乍一听春雨般的受用，可琢磨下去就不是那么回事了。回到野司，彭德怀不多想，咬住一股劲：把部队整出来！ 其时，诉苦工作在三五八旅已经搞得有声有色了。战士们趴在炕头从算账开始，讨论地主和农民的剥削关系，引入一些基本的阶级压迫观念。阶级觉悟一启发出来，可不得了了，许多人整夜整夜睡不着觉，想苦痛，想仇恨，七一六团有个战士叫于得水，姐弟四人，父亲死得早。母亲为抵债带两个姐姐到财主家做佣人，长兄背着自己四处讨饭，结果，姐姐被地主儿子轮奸后卖到窑子里，母亲悬梁自尽。兄弟俩去讨公道，遭到一顿毒打，之后，又双双被国民党军拉夫。哥哥因为逃跑，给一顿鞭子抽死了。于得水当国民党兵，就想混个一官半职，替亲人报仇，哪里想过阶级不阶级。这一下明白过来了，深更半夜跑到村外野地里堆起一堆土，权当亲人的灵位，跪在面前大放悲声。把偷偷跟在后面的指导员哭伤了心，上去抱在一起，相诉相哭。原来，指导员的父母也是叫地主老财逼死的！两人相约第二天在全连带头诉苦，一下子把全连的火点起来了。 一个叫冯福井的战士，在哭诉了地主“二阎王”为抢夺他家两亩水浇地而勾结国民党军队，活活打死他爹、打瞎他娘之后，大声质问：“同志们，是谁害得我家破人亡？是国民党。是谁救了我的命、替我报了仇？是共产党、解放军！我思前想后，悟出一条道理：只有共产党、解放军才是咱穷苦人的救星！只有抓起枪杆子，跟国民党这些吃人的家伙干到底，我们穷人才有出路！” 话到这里，口号像潮水一样呼啦一声翻卷过来，全连都举拳头喊为冯福井报仇。这正是彭德怀所需要的“同仇敌忾”。在余秋里的笔下，它是这样一个过程：“……从远及近，由浅入深；由小道理到大道理的启发诱导，使战士的认识与阶级觉悟逐步提高；从不知道阶级压迫剥削到知道阶级压迫剥削；从不知道苦到知苦，从不知仇到知仇，从报私仇到报公仇，一直觉悟到：四海穷人是一家。要彻底翻身解放，就必须消灭蒋介石反动军队，推翻国民党反动统治，解放全中国。” 从认识程式来看，这差不多就是一首宝塔诗。它作为思想形态，洋溢着特有的纯情之美。同时，它又暗含某种规定性情结：崇高的思想和美的载体，本身就应纯洁无瑕。苦，是诉出来了，可光是哭鼻子抹泪不解决问题，蒋介石不是喊一声口号就能打倒的。号了半天脉，归根结蒂还得治病，得把部队抬到手术台上给挖挖瘤子。这就是与“诉苦”相配套的“三查”：查阶级、查斗志、查工作。 当时，部队组织不纯主要是三种人，一种是敌伪军官，一种是地富分子和他们的子弟，还有一种是政治上倾向国民党的人，像国民党员、三青团员之类。三五八旅的七一四团就查出一个隐藏的国民党排长。此人姓刘，叫刘金盛，俘虏过来的，伪装成士兵，夹在队伍中混了一段时间，吃不住劲了。在国民党那边当个排长也是有点小滋味的，可以训一训班长，高兴时，还可以用皮靴在新兵屁股蛋上过过瘾。至于吃喝嫖赌方面，不告不发，只要不去侵犯连长的姨太太，谁管你呀！当了解放军可不同了，别说是个排长，就是团长也一板一眼跟士兵滚在一起。刘金盛藏不住狐狸尾巴，暗中串通几个解放战士拖枪逃跑，并且威胁说，谁不跟他走，将来就杀谁的全家。“三查”只查了其一，刘金盛就栽了跟头。 独一旅二团七连有个排长叫侯玉柱，大家讨论剥削关系时，他说：“你们说地主剥削人，那么八路军拉人当兵、打榆林要老百姓送粮送草，是不是剥削啊？”就是这个观点，怎么说也不通。问：“你这是什么阶级的语言？”什么阶级，一查，明白了。侯家土地有120亩，哥哥是土匪，父亲是恶霸，本人又游手好闲，不务正业。人就奇怪：“你为什么参加解放军呢？”“赌输了钱，还不了债。”他倒是坦白得可以。又问他到部队做过一些啥工作，啥工作？在葭县拖枪叛变过一次；在米脂强奸了一个十几岁的女娃娃；还打骂过两个老百姓，贪污了上百两大烟土……这样的人不枪毙还留着干什么！ 七一六团二营四连有个解放战士叫路新理，是蟠龙战役过来的，张口就是怪话牢骚。行军爬山，他说：“钻山沟，走夜路，连土匪都不如。”发给他一顶解放帽，他嫌不好看，背着人扔在地上，还踏上一只脚。给他津贴费，他竟然把钱票撕碎了扔掉。打环县一仗，逮了不少俘虏，他跑去对人家说：“妈的，你拿的是枪，不是木头杆杆，为什么不抵抗就举手？”就这么一个人，一诉苦，哭得泪人一般。他回忆全家从山东逃荒到山西，父亲被老财逼死，弟弟卖给人家下落不明，自己又被抓丁，吃的苦比海深！感情变化了，再不说“吃谁家饭，给谁家干”了，知道“这支枪是给自己扛的”了，整个人变了模样。 听着这些事，彭德怀没法坐得住。他拉着甘泗淇：“走，我们到三五八旅去，感受一下嘛！”这一“感受”就把持不住了，那些“字字血、声声泪”的场面，那些按着血印的请战书，特别是像于得水那样一些解放战士，醒悟过来以后的哭诉和自责，真叫人揪心地痛！弄得一向以性子硬而闻名的彭老总一次一次忍不住泪水。他自己小时候也要过饭、挨过皮鞭，吃糠咽菜的罪没比人少受过。推己及人，这种感情就要真切的多。“苦！真苦！”他扭头对余秋里说：“翻身农民参军的子弟过去受地主老财的剥削压迫，只受一重苦；俘虏过来的解放战士，绝大多数是贫雇农，他们在家受地主老财剥削压迫，在国民党军队又受官长压榨打骂，他们受的是双重苦，是我们的阶级兄弟！”余秋里极赞同彭总的分析，忽然大胆地提出一个设想：“经过三查，能不能从解放战士中选一批骨干？”“怎么不可以！”彭德怀一拍大腿，“可以发扬民主推荐干部嘛，确实表现好的，可以当排长、连长，当营长也可以嘛！” 一回到野司，这件事就立即着手办。彭德怀决定大张旗鼓地在整个西北野战军推广“诉苦三查”。“什么叫政治工作，这个新的形式就很好，彻底的群众路线，充分的发扬民主，引导群众从感性认识提高到理性认识，从根本上提高指战员们的思想觉悟……”这天晚上，彭德怀同甘泗淇彻夜难眠，越谈越觉得是个事儿。“干脆，给军委报告一下吧？”甘泗淇提议。彭德怀说很好，我来给毛主席打电话。都深夜12点多了，彭老总摇通了毛泽东的电话：“主席，我要给你送一个礼……”