August to October 1945 Yan'an Chongqing Taihang History walked into August 15th, 1945 in the flames of war, and stepped heavily on the devastated land of China, as if conclusively drawing a phased end for itself—more precisely , is an exclamation point! On this day, in a small village called Chi'an deep in the Taihang Mountains, Staff Officer Zhang of the 129th Division Command of the Eighth Route Army was on night shift when the phone rang suddenly.He picked up the phone and couldn't believe his ears for a moment. After asking "what" three times in succession, he asked back: "You...what did you say? Japan surrendered?! Are you dreaming..."

"I've had this dream for eight years! But today, it's an announcement from Yan'an!" The voice on the phone was like thunder. Staff Officer Zhang, who had been pierced through three holes by Japanese bullets, threw away his phone, as if a warrior fighting hard in a fighting field suddenly lost his opponent. He walked around the room several times before picking up a brass washbasin. Rush out to the yard. The sky is full of stars, and the waning moon is sinking to the west.On a quiet summer night, the gurgling murmur of the Qingzhang River accompanied by the snoring of people sleeping soundly, and the brass washbasin rang earth-shatteringly——

"Japan has surrendered! Japan has surrendered!" The sleeping people suddenly jumped up and grabbed the long and short weapons beside the pillows in unison. "Quick! There is a situation! The Japanese wolf is coming!" "Where is it? Where is the Japanese wolf?!" Looking at the comrades flocking to the courtyard, Staff Officer Zhang shouted with all his strength: "Comrades! Japanese wolves dare not come again! Japan has surrendered!" In a blink of an eye, the long spears and short spears were replaced by gongs, iron basins, oil barrels, and broken pots, and they all beat together; those who could not catch the sounders turned back and ran back to the house, tearing off the quilts and jackets, taking out the cotton wool and binding them into pieces. Torches; even in desperation, people pulled off the red silk cloth on the box gun, bouncing around and twisting the big Yangko...

The Taihang Mountains are boiling!People danced and danced, tears filled their eyes, and reveled.The sound of cheers, slogans, and singing was higher than the wave; the sound of gongs and drums, the sound of bugles, and the sound of suona, wave after wave.Torches, lanterns, and flashlights chased the carnival sound waves, and danced up and down like fire dragons, reflecting the winding Qingzhang River into a bright neon. At this time, Yan'an on the Northwest Plateau is boiling!Chongqing in the Sichuan Basin is boiling! At this time, the whole of China is boiling! The whole country, the north and the south, no matter the city or the countryside, everyone was elated, and everyone rushed to tell each other: the War of Resistance has been won!Peace has come!

Victory, peace, what a moving word. During the long night of the eight-year war of resistance, the Chinese once looked forward to victory like looking forward to the stars and the moon.Now that the victory has come, people are looking forward to the peace of the disaster-ridden motherland like looking forward to the stars and the moon. However, the tears of joyous victory had not yet been wiped from the faces of the people, and the cloud of civil war appeared in the sky of China again. On August 16, the second day after Japan announced its surrender, it was still in the small village called Chi'an in the Taihang Mountains, and Staff Officer Zhang of the 129th Division Headquarters of the Eighth Route Army was on duty to answer the phone: "Commander of the Kuomintang Second War Zone According to Chiang Kai-shek's secret order, Chief Yan Xishan sent Shi Zebo, deputy commander of the Eighth Army and commander of the Nineteenth Army, to lead four infantry divisions and an advancing column, the main force of the Nineteenth Army and the Sixty-first Army, from Linfen, Fushan, Yicheng has invaded the hinterland of our Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Liberated Area—the Shangdang area!"

Then, in just a few days— Xiangyuan is in a hurry!Lucheng urgent!Changzhi is urgent!The Huguan is in a hurry! The entire southeast of Shanxi is in crisis of war!In anxiety, people set their sights on Chongqing and Yan'an, the political centers of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Chongqing.The official residence of Chiang Kai-shek in Shangqing Temple is in sharp contrast to the atmosphere of victory celebrations in the streets and alleys, and it looks very depressed. The hasty victory of the War of Resistance caught Chiang Kai-shek by surprise.During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, most of his millions of troops withdrew to the southwest corner of the so-called "Great Rear Area", while most of the vast Japanese-occupied areas were surrounded and attacked by the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by the Communist Party.If this situation does not change, then the Japanese surrender will only accelerate the process of China's redification.It won't be long before North China, Northeast China, Northwest China, East China and even the whole of China will be ruled by the Communist Party.

In order to change the status quo of being powerless and out of reach, he issued three orders in succession as early as August 11, ordering his army to "advance aggressively and not relax a bit" to seize the fruits; ", not to "act without authorization", the purpose is to gain the initiative in time and space.In terms of space, he can rely on the modern vehicles of the United States to advance simultaneously from the ground, the air, and the sea, shortening the distance between the Great Southwest and all parts of the country; Telegram to Mao Zedong: He speculated that Mao Zedong did not dare to come to Chongqing upon invitation—of course it would be best if he didn’t come. The Communist Party refused to negotiate and broke the peace, so he would be able to do the following article.Even if Mao Zedong had the guts to come as promised, that would be fine. He just took advantage of the opportunity of the negotiation to dispatch troops to buy time by delaying the troops, so that the armies from all walks of life could arrive at the designated positions as scheduled, seize the strategically important places, and divide and encircle the communist army in a narrow area first. Regions, it will be easy to clean up in the future.

For this brilliant strategy of killing two birds with one stone, Chiang Kai-shek was in high spirits, and wrote in his diary: I can only sincerely thank God for his great grace and wisdom. Yan'an.Mao Zedong, who never believed in God, was standing on the Northwest Plateau at this moment, standing on this loess slope that was on the same contour line as God because of the birth of human beings, looking down and observing Chiang Kai-shek's every word and deed.He compared the fruits of victory in the Anti-Japanese War to peaches on a peach tree, so who should pick the peaches?He uttered the most simple truth in one sentence: "It depends on who planted the peach tree and who carried the water. Chiang Kai-shek squatted on Mount Emei without carrying a load of water, but stretched out his hand to Picking peaches, of course, is impossible."

As early as the day the Soviet Army declared war on Japan and sent troops to Northeast China, Mao Zedong predicted at the same time when he published "The Last Battle Against the Japanese Invaders" that after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Chiang Kai-shek would not only not allow the people to win the fruits of victory, but would also prevent the people's army from surrendering. Then it will attack the people's army.For this, we must be adequately prepared. Sure enough, Chiang Kai-shek's civil and military farce of "picking peaches" was in full swing, staged scene after scene.To this, Mao Zedong answered four words with his chili personality of a Hunan man—tit for tat!He said: "Chiang Kai-shek will seize every inch of power and every inch of profit from the people. What about us? Our policy is to fight tit for tat and fight for every inch of land." .Be early, let’s call tomorrow morning, we are also preparing.”

In response to Chiang Kai-shek's three "prohibitions", Mao Zedong issued a series of orders to accept the surrender and cooperate with the Soviet army in the name of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, requiring the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and all people's armed forces to advance quickly, collect enemy weapons, and accept the surrender of the Japanese army.In response to the large-scale march and provocation of the Kuomintang army, Mao Zedong called on the soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas to act immediately to resolutely, thoroughly, cleanly and completely eliminate all invaders.As for Chiang Kai-shek's successive "negotiation invitations", after weighing the pros and cons, Mao Zedong resolutely agreed and decided to fly to Chongqing. On the one hand, he won over the people of the whole country, exposed Chiang Kai-shek's civil war conspiracy, and won the initiative in international and domestic public opinion; War breaks out, fight for peace.

At that time, the First Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had just ended, and the leaders and generals of the liberated areas gathered in Yan'an.People expressed great concern about the increasingly tense situation, and even expressed great concern about the safety of Mao Zedong's trip to Chongqing.Many people said after hearing the news: "It was like a stone was pressed in my heart, and a fire was lit. I felt heavy and anxious, and couldn't fall asleep all night." Mao Zedong said with a smile: "Chiang Kai-shek is so enthusiastic, he invites me to be a guest again and again. If I don't go, I will lose people's hearts and fall into Chiang Kai-shek's trick. If the negotiation is successful, it will benefit the people and benefit the people. China's peace building is beneficial; if the talks fail, Chiang Kai-shek will take me as a hostage, and his insistence on civil war will be exposed. The worst situation is nothing more than the change of Ming Yingzong's civil fortress in history. If that is the case, everyone will Like Yu Qian, confront each other and fight resolutely!" Mao Zedong was particularly concerned about the beacon smoke ignited by the Kuomintang in the Shangdang area in southeast Shanxi. Before leaving, he explained to Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping: "Our principle is to confront each other, or to talk about it, to fight against each other, and to fight against each other. If Yan Xishan wants to occupy the footbath of the Shangdang, then you go back to the front and just fight. Don’t worry about my safety. The better you fight, the safer I will be. The better the conversation." So, under the smoke screen of the peace talks, orders to march one after another were issued from Shangqing Temple in Chongqing. Therefore, in order to defend the fruits of victory of the people, telegrams of self-defense and counterattack flew from the jujube garden in Yan'an to the liberated areas. An unprecedented troop deployment has begun. The People's War of Liberation, which determined China's future and destiny, kicked off in the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Liberated Area, the Shangdang area that Mao Zedong dubbed "the footbath". Shangdang faces Taihang in the east, Taiyue in the west, Zhongyue in the south, and Xizhou and Wutai in the north.From the Yin and Shang Dynasties to the establishment of the county by the King of Qin, the jurisdiction of Shangdang has changed several times, sometimes covering the entire southeast of Shanxi, and sometimes only governing some counties and towns. During the Anti-Japanese War, the jurisdiction expanded to sixteen counties around Changzhi.The sixteen counties are spread like jade plates in the basin between the high mountains, with fertile water and soil, rich products and convenient transportation. They have become an important economic and trade center and a battleground for military strategists. After the "July 7th Incident", Yan Xishan, known as the "King of Shanxi", retreated step by step to the west of the Yellow River, and Shangdang became the area where the Eighth Route Army stood firm in the War of Resistance.Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the 129th Division to cross the Yellow River to the east, where they fought bloody battles and established four anti-Japanese bases centered on Taihang, Taiyue, Hebei, Hebei, Shandong and Henan. It connects Zhengtai and Shide Roads, and goes south to the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Luyu Liberated Area of ​​the Yellow River.At the time of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Liberated Area had controlled more than 80 cities, with a population of 24 million, an army of nearly 300,000, and a militia of 400,000. It became one of the seven largest liberated areas in the country.In the spring and summer of 1945 alone, when fighting against the Japanese offensive, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan troops fought more than 2,300 times, captured more than 2,800 Japanese and puppet strongholds, and recovered 28 counties. More than 37,800 enemies were wiped out. "The blood of millions of people cannot be shed in vain!" Li Da, chief of staff of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region, had bead-sized beads of sweat on the tip of his nose, purple blisters arched from the corner of his mouth, and smashed his fist on the one-third-millionth military map in the southeast of Shanxi. On the map, arrows spit like snake cores towards the Shangdang area centered on Changzhi.In just a few days, during the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army sent troops many times and failed to occupy Shangdang, but one county after another was forcibly occupied by Yan Jun during the days when the whole country was celebrating the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Facing the sudden incident and the harsh reality, Li Da burned all his body, with flames in his eyes.Since the establishment of the 129th Division, he followed Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping to Taihang, and established the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Liberated Area in the war of resistance against Japan. The Kanto man is more familiar with the mountains, rivers, plants and trees in southeast Shanxi than his hometown. To be familiar with.He can point his fingers and tell every battle that took place there like a few treasures. He can tell the strategy, deployment, organization and implementation of each battle, and the results of each battle like an old farmer telling how to plow, how to sow, and how to fertilize. It can tell the price paid in each battle and the names of the commanders and fighters who died like telling a family tree.As for the figures of the enemies and puppets killed in battle and the weapons seized, he blurted it out even more, and there will never be any discrepancies.Today, however, Li Da, who has always been known for his meticulousness and calmness, is a little bit out of control. Having spent nearly 20 years in the flames of war, fighting has become commonplace for Li Da.He is not afraid of the danger of the situation, the severity of the enemy's situation, but what makes him restless and anxious is the current situation of the troops. The long-term war of resistance, especially the large-scale offensive operations launched in spring and summer, consumed a lot of troops, and there was no time to replenish them. Many soldiers had only a few rounds of bullets, and some were even using broadswords and spears.Of course, during the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, the Communist Party's troops defeated the Japanese devils by singing "no guns, no cannons, the enemy built them for us".He, Li Da, had no doubts about the enthusiasm of Chiang Kai-shek, the "captain of transportation". He believed that the Kuomintang would "send" him a large number of weapons and equipment more actively than the Japanese. What really worries him is "loneliness".Facing the impending war, the two commanders-in-chief of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Liberated Areas, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping, were far away in Yan'an, and party and government leaders such as Bo Yibo and Zhang Jichun were far away in Yan'an. Far away in Yan'an.He is the only "one-man" who remains on the front line of Taihang, but how can he sing this "big show" well? An urgent telegram was sent to Yan'an urging Liu Deng to quickly return to Taihang to command operations, but there was no accurate reply for a long time. Li Da guessed that the central government must be making major decisions, so he wrote another telegram to express his eagerness: ... To organize a large army and command a powerful field army, there is an urgent need for major cadres. Please take Chen Xilian and other comrades back to Taihang. On August 24th, Liu Deng's reply finally came, and the telegram said that they would return to Taihang on the 25th.Li Da, who was eager to see through, received the telegram, but couldn't believe it.Yan'an is thousands of miles away from Taihang. Wouldn't it be a fairy tale to arrive overnight? More than forty years later, Yang Guoyu, the military and political director of the Second Field, said to the author: "This incident will shock you a lot! On August 25, Chief Liu Deng was on a U.S. military transport plane. The DC-9 flew back to Taihang. Bo Yibo, Chen Yi, Nie Rongzhen, Lin Biao, Chen Geng, Chen Xilian, Chen Zaidao, Zhang Jichun, Teng Daiyuan, Yang Dezhi, Xiao Jinguang, Deng Hua, Deng Keming, Song Shilun, Li Tianyou, Wang Keming, and others arrived at Taihang on the same plane. Near the mountain... Nearly half of the CCP generals flew to Taihang by this plane, and then transferred to the front lines of East China, Central Plains, North China, and Northeast China. Americans never dreamed that while he was transporting troops for Chiang Kai-shek, he also helped Mao Zedong send generals .If President Truman knew about this, he would have slapped his mouth in remorse." Yang Dezhi, who later served as the commander of the First Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, also returned to Taihang by this plane. His memories are more detailed and vivid: "On the night of August 24th, I received an order to arrive at Yan'an Dongguan Airport by 9:00 am the next day. I was ordered to go alone, not even staff officers and security personnel, and no other comrades were allowed to see me off. . "I have been to the Dongguan Airport in Yan'an, but it is the first time in my life to fly. Before arriving at the airport, I did not know which other comrades went to the front line together. After arriving at the airport, the first thing I saw was Comrade Yang Shangkun, and Huang Comrade Hua: After a while, I saw Liu Shuai coming, Boss Chen coming, Deng Xiaoping also coming... Comrade Yang Shangkun briefly introduced the situation, and everyone began to board the plane. "Comrade Huang Hua told us that this is an American DC plane, also called a Douglas transport plane, which belongs to the US military observation team stationed in Yan'an. It goes back and forth between Xi'an and Yan'an every Saturday or half a month to transport the aircraft for the observation team. Something. This time it's for our use. Of course, these Americans don't know who the people on this plane are, maybe they think that we "Tubalu" are flying in his broken plane! "The plane is green, has two propellers, and the door is very low. What impressed me the most is that the door of the plane is not closed tightly, and the propellers have to be pushed by people when taking off. "After I sat down on the plane, I saw all the people on the same plane clearly... Seeing so many senior party and government leaders and military commanders of our party gathered in such a very ordinary plane, my mood Both excited and a little nervous. This not only shows the urgency of the task, but also shows the extraordinary courage of the leaders of the Party Central Committee. "Several years later, Comrade Huang Hua said that he did not know about this operation in advance. Because he was in charge of liaison with the US military observation team stationed in Yan'an, he had to go to the airport every time a plane arrived and departed from Yan'an. I saw so many at the airport that day. The comrade in charge was a little nervous, worried that if something happened during the flight, our comrade in charge could not speak the same language as the U.S. pilot, which would be very dangerous. He proposed a random action to Comrade Yang Shangkun, and after obtaining the approval of Comrade Yang Shangkun , he just boarded the plane with him. "At around nine o'clock, the plane's propeller turned and began to taxi on the uneven runway of Dongguan Airport. After a while, the ground sank and the plane took off. "After flying for about four or five hours, I found torches and smoke on the ground. Comrade Huang Hua said, 'Please pay attention to the leaders, we will land soon.'" "After the plane landed, I found out that this is the Changning temporary airport in Licheng County, southeast of Shanxi Province. We have already flown back to the front line of Taihang from Yan'an!" Li Da immediately sent a cavalry platoon to the airport to meet him after he received the exact news that Chief Liu and Deng had returned by plane. The so-called Changning Airport is actually a natural open land.A year ago, the B-26 aircraft of the US Air Force Aid to China was injured by the Japanese army and fell into a nearby ravine.After the pilot was rescued, he was escorted to the division headquarters by the cavalry platoon of the 129th Division.Passing through the open land near Changning on the way, they said in amazement: "Ah! Your base of the Eighth Route Army is so great! There is even a secret airport! If we knew in advance that our plane made an emergency landing here, nothing would happen. " The speaker has no intention, but the listener has the heart.From then on, Li Da consciously asked the troops to exercise and run in this open space to make it flat, planning that once the Eighth Route Army had its own aircraft, it would be put into use immediately.Unexpectedly, this is the first airstrip in Taihang Mountains, but Liu Deng, who was flying for the first time, cut the ribbon and made the first contribution to the victory of the first battle of the Liberation War. The atmosphere of the imminent war enveloped the small Chi'an Village. In the war room, Liu Bocheng was talking with Li Da with a microphone in his hand.At this time, Li Da was already on the front line.After learning the news of Chief Liu Deng's return, he felt relieved all of a sudden. After making arrangements for the reception, he set off for the front line of Duan Village, a new city in Wuxiang County, to prepare for a good start for the Shangdang Campaign. After a day and night of fierce fighting, the Taihang troops had captured the county seat, wiped out the enemies and puppets, and were preparing to take advantage of the victory and send their troops south to attack Xiangyuan City. "Okay!" Liu Bocheng listened to Li Da's brief report, and ordered in a loud voice, "Resolutely take down Xiangyuan and use it as a place for troops from the Taihang Military Region! Prepare to join Taiyue and Southern Hebei troops to launch the Shangdang Campaign! " After all, Liu Bocheng went to the map and pointed to the four railways of Pinghan, Tongpu, Longhai, and Jinpu: "Chiang Kai-shek's army marched along the four railways, and rushed towards us with four claws. We must guard the gate and defend the North China Liberated Area, covering our Northeast Liberation Army's operations. Pinghan and Tongpu are the main directions of our battle, but now Yan Xishan has invaded the six cities of Shangdang, and put a knife in our back. Ah! If we don’t pull out this knife, and the troubles in our hearts are still in place, how can we be so calm as to divide our troops into Ping Han and Tong Pu to guard the gate? Therefore, the Battle of Shangdang must not only be fought, but will surely be won!” Deng Xiaoping continued: "The fundamental problem of the Shangdang Campaign is the question of who will win the victory of the War of Resistance. Chiang Kai-shek and Yan Xishan stretched out their hands to grab it, and he must not be allowed to snatch it away!" Liu Bocheng took off his glasses and wiped them earnestly: "We have dealt with Chiang Kai-shek for many years, and we know him well. Sometimes this person is tough but not soft. The softer you are, the more he bullies you. Sometimes you push him a few times, and he Instead, restrain yourself a little. The situation before us is just like what Political Commissar Deng said, the fruits of victory of the people must be defended by fighting. It can also be said that the better we fight here, the more Chairman Mao can speak at the negotiating table There is power!" "Yes." Deng Xiaoping walked to the map, "This battle can be roughly divided into three stages as a prologue. The prologue is the battle to regain Xiangyuan commanded by Comrade Li Da. The first stage is to seize the city and fight for aid. And Lucheng, attracting the enemies of Changzhi to help, and annihilating them in the wild; the second stage is to besiege the city and fight for aid, and the besieged city is of course the heart of Shangdang—Changzhi; the third stage is—" "Siege the city and wipe out the enemy!" Seeing Deng Xiaoping's hands clasped tightly around Changzhi, Bo Yibo couldn't help saying, "Commander Deng's plan is extraordinary!" Deng Xiaoping smiled and lit a cigarette: "What's so special about me? Isn't it Mr. Liu's unique style?" Liu Bocheng also laughed: "Attack what you have to save, wipe out what you come to save - this is an invention of the ancients, I don't dare to take credit for it. It's just that I often use this strategy, but the enemy still doesn't accept the lesson and always wants to trap himself Drilling inside, this makes people elusive!" On August 29, the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Military Region made a strategic deployment and called the Central Military Commission for instructions.On August 31, the Central Military Commission called back, agreeing to Liu Deng's deployment: ...The 16,000 people from the Yan Department occupy the six cities around Changzhi, which is a deep-rooted trouble, and must be resolutely and completely wiped out. On September 7, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping jointly issued the "No. 1 Combat Order of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Military Region".At 2 a.m. on the 10th, the Shangdang Campaign was officially launched. Chongqing in summer is like a furnace, but the ongoing negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party are in a frosty season and have reached a deadlock. Mao Zedong flew to Chongqing on August 28.That night, Chiang Kai-shek greeted Mao Zedong in the "forest garden" with lush ancient cypresses and pines at the southern foot of Gele Mountain, where there are many peaks and winding paths leading to secluded places.Major newspapers in Chongqing used special issues or special issues to report the news that excited the people all night: Chairman Jiang held a feast to welcome Mr. Mao Zedong.During the meeting, Chairman Jiang and Mr. Mao delivered speeches one after another, and toasted each other several times to wish each other health, and the atmosphere was very pleasant. However, as soon as the formal discussion started the next day, the gentleness and lightheartedness of the dinner party were replaced by sharp-edged, sharp-tongued swords.Major issues in the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were directly discussed between Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek; specific issues were negotiated between CCP representatives Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei and Kuomintang representatives Wang Shijie, Zhang Qun, Zhang Zhizhong, and Shao Lizi. Since Chiang Kai-shek could not come up with a specific plan in a hurry, Mao Zedong said frankly: "I hope that through this negotiation, the civil war will truly end and permanent peace will be realized..." Before Mao Zedong finished speaking, the smile on Chiang Kai-shek's face disappeared immediately. With a wave of his hand, he interrupted: "There is no civil war in China!" What is the significance and necessity of negotiations? Mao Zedong knew very well that this was Chiang Kai-shek's old tune.For many years, Chiang Kai-shek never admitted that there was a civil war in China. What he said was that China only had "suppression of bandits" or "suppression of communism."According to this logic, it can only show that Chiang Kai-shek's stubborn position has not changed at all. A resentful and contemptuous smile flashed across Mao Zedong's face, and he retorted: "It is a complete lie to say that there is no civil war in China. It is not true at all. Even a three-year-old child would not believe it." The finger counts a large number of facts during the ten-year civil war and the eight-year war of resistance, proving that the civil war not only existed in China, but has never stopped. Mao Zedong's words brought people's thoughts into the bloody year 1927.At that time, due to Chiang Kai-shek's rebellion, the first vigorous revolution of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation failed.For a while, the inhumane slogan "I would rather kill a thousand by mistake than let one go" was rampant against the Communists.Since then, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party have met each other in battle, and blood has flowed like rivers... In October 1934, Chiang Kai-shek led an army to succeed in the fifth "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the Red Army in Jiangxi. The Kuomintang Central News Agency reported this as great news in Chiang Kai-shek's tone: Fleeing towards the border of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi." He also offered a reward of 250,000 Guangyang to buy Mao Zedong's head. The most proud and unlucky day for Chiang Kai-shek was the winter of 1936.The Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi after "fleeing", and it has dropped from 300,000 before the Kuomintang's "encirclement and suppression" to less than 30,000.Chiang Kai-shek visited the ancient city of Xi'an in person, summoned a large number of generals such as Chen Cheng, Wei Lihuang, and Jiang Dingwen, deployed more than 300,000 of his direct descendants and elite troops, and dispatched more than 100 combat aircraft just purchased from Italy, preparing to attack the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. The sixth "encirclement and suppression campaign" was carried out.In Chiang Kai-shek's own words, this is the last battle against the Communist bandits. However, contrary to expectations, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched the Xi'an Incident that shocked China and the world, undermining the great cause of "communist suppression" that he was about to complete, and causing the "last battle" that had already been ignited to be aborted. "It's hard for the CCP to be arrogant by borrowing the country!" Chiang Kai-shek sighed.During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, the CCP not only survived, but also achieved great development, so that the Americans, as Chiang Kai-shek's allies, asked Chiang Kai-shek and the CCP to form a coalition government before and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. The past is like smoke, yesterday's old enemy has become today's guest and negotiating opponent.For a moment, Chiang Kai-shek seemed to feel that history was repeating itself.He took a careful look at Mao Zedong. It was still the sharp-edged face of eighteen years ago when he was the acting propaganda minister of the Kuomintang during the Great Revolution, but his eyes were deeper, as if he could see into his inner world. Facing the ironclad evidence cited by Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek was speechless and had to find another topic in embarrassment.Mao Zedong calmly expounded the CCP's principled opinions on the negotiations between the two parties. After listening to it with a dark face, Chiang Kai-shek sneered: "I haven't seen you for more than ten years. I didn't expect that Mao Runzhi's appetite is getting bigger and bigger! It's a pity that I don't have so many things here, I'm afraid I can't satisfy your appetite!" The first confrontation was a hand-to-hand combat, which undoubtedly cast a shadow over the just-opened negotiations.Mao Zedong thus confirmed his own judgment. Chiang Kai-shek did not even admit the most basic facts. How can he have sincerity in the negotiations?Chiang Kai-shek also understood from the first contest that it seemed difficult to persuade Mao Zedong to compromise. In the future negotiations, although the CCP made various concessions out of the desire for peace, Chiang Kai-shek did not give in at all.He left the CCP with only one road leading to the trap, which is to completely abandon the army and the liberated areas, so that the military orders and government orders of the Kuomintang government can be completely unified.Negotiations therefore stalled in mid-September. Chiang Kai-shek "challenged", he said to Zhou En: "I hope to tell Runzhi that if you want to make peace, you can make peace according to this condition; otherwise, ask him to return to Yan'an and lead troops to fight!" Mao Zedong smiled after hearing this, and told Chiang Kai-shek face to face: "I can't beat you now, but I can deal with you in the same way as I dealt with the Japanese. You occupy the point line, I occupy the area, surround the city with the countryside, what do you think?" " Chiang Kai-shek dared to "challenge the board" because he had made a lot of preparations during the more than 20 days of "negotiation" and thought he could adopt a tough attitude. On September 4th, Chiang Kai-shek sent a plane to Taiyuan, and delivered to Yan Xishan, who was invading Shangdang, the top-secret "Bandit Suppression Handbook" edited by him in 1933, along with his own notes issued this time, As a supervisory secret order: In this way, the horn of the civil war was sounded by Chiang Kai-shek's thin lips.With the absolute superiority in the comparison of military power, he firmly believes that a strong national army is invincible.As long as they occupy a favorable position in the military, there are only two prospects for the future—either forcing the CCP to surrender at the negotiating table; or defeating the CCP by force. The reason why Mao Zedong dared to smile calmly was because he had anticipated Chiang Kai-shek’s tricks before coming to Chongqing, and made full preparations for it. Use the two hands of the revolution against the two hands of the counter-revolution."Therefore, after receiving Liu Deng's telegram about the Shangdang campaign, Mao Zedong immediately replied: "I agree with Liu Deng's battle plan." He said very simply, "The harder the fight, the better!" If Chiang Kai-shek had two estimates of the future, then Mao Zedong had only one creed, and that was: what Chiang Kai-shek couldn't get at the negotiating table, he couldn't get on the battlefield either!Therefore, at this moment - Chiang Kai-shek pinned his hopes on the Shangdang; Mao Zedong also pinned his hopes on the Shangdang. Shangdang, as an important weight in the Chongqing negotiations, has become the focus of attention of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The battle of Shangdang, which is in focus, is entering a tough stage. Since the start of the battle on September 10, in just over ten days, the Taihang, Taiyue, and Southern Hebei columns have captured five counties including Tunliu, Lucheng, Changzi, and Huguan, cleared the outer strongholds of Changzhi, and wiped out the More than 7,000 enemies cut off the connection between Changzhi and Taiyuan and Pingyao, and surrounded more than 10,000 people from the Shi Zebo Department of the Yan Army in a corner of Changzhi. On September 27, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping issued the "Sixth Order of Combat Commands of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Military Region", deciding to launch a general attack on Changzhi. Changzhi, the capital of the Shangdang area, was originally a key fortified city for the Japanese army. The city walls were about three feet high, and outside the city were crisscrossed with ditches.Since the start of the war, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping, who have changed their positions five times in a row and have traveled all over Changzhi, decided to attack the city from the east, south, and west sides, leaving the northern pass empty, luring the enemy to break through, and annihilating them in field battles. Everything went smoothly as expected, and Changzhi's defense of the enemy has become a shackle.Suddenly, the situation changed, and the reinforcements sent by Yan Xishan came over aggressively. The enemy changed and we changed, Liu Deng immediately changed his deployment, changed from attacking the city to besieging the city and fighting for aid. On September 28, he issued the "Order No. 7 of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region Combat Words", deciding to use the policy of feigning an attack on Changzhi and besieging the city to fight for aid. When the aid of the enemy advances to the Changlong and Shangcun towns, we will resolutely annihilate them in field battles, and at the same time destroy the enemy troops who may come out of Changzhi to meet or break out of the encirclement. On a rainy night, all the Taihang column and the main force of the Taiyue column quietly withdrew from Changzhi, and went north to ambush and aid the enemy.The remaining Hebei column, a part of Taiyue column and the local corps pretended to be the main force, and continued to go south to attract reinforcements, and fought the siege of Changzhi in full swing. However, Liu Bocheng, who had moved his command position forward to Huangxian Town, discovered that the original information was incorrect. The enemy's reinforcements were not three divisions with more than 7,000 men, but the 23rd Army and the 1st Army led by Peng Yubin, deputy commander of the Kuomintang Seventh Army. The 83rd Army and the Provincial Defense Army consisted of eight divisions and two heavy artillery regiments, with a total of more than 20,000 people.Liu Deng adjusted his deployment again, and hurriedly dispatched the southern Hebei column that surrounded Changzhi to immediately go north to send aid.In order to prevent the enemy from fighting trapped beasts, it was decided to adopt the tactics of "encircling three ques and one" to capture Laoyeling and Mopannao, and leave a gap in the north so that the enemy could be mobilized and wiped out during the movement. On October 5th, the Taiyue column captured Laoyeling at all costs, and the Taihang column also took control of Mopannao as scheduled.Sure enough, the enemy's morale was shaken, and they broke through to the north at night.The detour troops that seized the Tuluo village north of the stable pavilion just blocked the enemy, while the main force followed and pursued in parallel along the Yitun Highway and its two sides.The war ended at dusk on the 6th, except for 2,000 people who fled back to Qin County, all the rest of the enemy were wiped out. Peng Yubin, the deputy commander-in-chief of the enemy who threatened all the way that "the upper party must fight and Changzhi must be protected" was shot dead, and dozens of senior officers were captured without a fight. The reinforcements were annihilated, and the Changzhi defenders panicked and completely hopeless. On October 8, they abandoned the city to break through.It was only when they left the city that they realized that they had fallen into the ocean of the people's war.Behind was the tracking and pursuit of the siege troops, in front was the brave interception of the Victory Division who had just annihilated the reinforcements, and on the two wings were the local corps and militia armed forces. "Seize the enemy desperately!" Liu Deng gave an order, and the tide of troops from all directions generally surrounded the enemy in the Jiangjunling and Taochuan areas east of the Qinhe River and wiped them out. Shi Zebo, deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth Army and commander of the Nineteenth Army, was captured alive. So far, the battle of Shangdang has ended victoriously.At the cost of 4,000 casualties, the troops of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region wiped out 13 enemy divisions and an advancing column totaling more than 35,000 people, and seized 24 mountain artillery pieces, more than 2,000 light and heavy machine guns, and 10,000 long and short guns. More than six thousand branches. The weight of the Shangdang weighed heavily on the negotiating table in Chongqing, which strengthened the position of the CCP in the negotiations in Chongqing.When Chiang Kai-shek heard the news, he was very annoyed as if he had been hit by a sap.In order to avoid the condemnation of the public opinion, he wanted to cover up and shift all the responsibility to Yan Xishan: "This is Yan Xishan's own responsibility, and the central government doesn't know about it." When Mao Zedong heard the news, he silenced Chiang Kai-shek: "There is a footbath between Taihang Mountain, Taiyue Mountain, and Zhongtiao Mountain, which is the Shangdang area. In that footbath, there are fish and meat. Yan Xishan sent thirteen divisions to抢。我们的方针也是老早定了的，这就是针锋相对，寸土必争。这一回，我们'对'了，'争'了；而且'对'得很好，'争'得很好— —就是说，把他们的十三个师全部消灭了。他们进攻的军队三万八千人，我们出动三万一千人。他们的三万八千被消灭了三万五千，逃掉两千，散掉一千。这样的仗，还要打下去。” 战场上的失败迫使蒋介石不得不稍微收敛了一下嚣张气焰，重新回到谈判桌上。他意识到，如果继续施加高压，更无法使中共屈服。而这次举世瞩目的谈判一旦破裂，他将无法向国内外交代，于是不得已决定暂时放弃“政治与军事应整个解决”的既定方针，改为首先解决政治问题。 十月六日，也就是彭毓斌两万多援军在上党全军覆没的那一天，蒋介石派人到红岩村与周恩来联络，希望尽快在协定上签字。 十月十日，具有历史意义的《国共双方代表会谈纪要》，亦即历史文献中称为“双十协定”的签字仪式，在重庆曾家岩的桂园正式举行。 次日，蒋介石与毛泽东在山洞林园握别。 短短的两百字，字字冒着火星。 于是，两幅色彩完全不同、极不和谐的画面，同时出现在世人眼前——台上，锣鼓喧天，和谈之剧，刚刚落下帷幕；台下，枪炮齐鸣，两军对垒，打得难解难分。