Chapter 9 Chapter Eight

On September 11, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China telegraphed the Western Front Corps: "Create a solid base area between the Yellow River, Huai River, Canal, and Ping-Han, assist Liu Deng and Chen Xie in creating the two base areas of Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi, and assist Rao Li Tan defends the Shandong base area and assists central and northern Jiangsu to restore the base area." He also pointed out, "You are in the middle of the four major base areas mentioned above, and your victory has great strategic significance." In order to meet the needs of the struggle situation, Chen Yi, Su Yu It was decided that Song Shilun, the commander of the Tenth Column, and Liu Peishan, the deputy political commissar, would command the Tenth Column and the Eleventh Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, and stay in the southwest of Shandong to contain the Kuomintang Army and cover the main force of the Western Front Corps going south; The fourth, sixth, and eighth columns and the twelfth column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, which had just crossed the Yellow River from northern Henan to the south and was about to move to the Dabie Mountains, advanced into the Henan-Anhui-Soviet border area, and jointly opened up the Central Plains with the Liu Deng Field Army and the Chen-Xie Group. liberated area.

The Henan-Anhui-Su border area refers to the area south of Longhai Road, north of Huaihe River, west of the Canal, and east of Pinghan Road, with an area of ​​about 60,000 square kilometers and a population of about 20 million.After the outbreak of all-out civil war, the area was overrun by Nationalist troops.The local armed forces led by the Communist Party are still persisting in their struggle. They have established three independent regimes and the Henan, Anhui, and Soviet Military Regions under the Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan Military Regions. There are already 25,000 armed forces, but most areas are still under the reactionary regime of the Kuomintang. under the rule.The task of the Western Front Corps advancing into Henan, Anhui and Su is to continuously annihilate the vital forces of the Kuomintang army, shrink the Kuomintang ruled area, expand the new liberated area, contact the Liu Deng Field Army in the south, and contact the Chen Xie Group in the west, so that several liberated areas in the Central Plains can be connected into one piece.

On the evening of September 26, just as it was getting dark, Chen Yi and Su Yu led the third, fourth, and sixth columns to pass through the Dangshan and Mamuji sections of Nanyue Longhai Road. Chen Shiju led the second and eighth columns and the 10th Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Field Army The second column crossed Longhai Road on both sides of Minquan. Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, etc. were very pleased to learn that the Huaye Field Corps had successfully entered the Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu areas. They called Chen Yi and Su Yu on October 3: The telegram also instructed that the scope of activities of the five Huaye columns should not be limited to the Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu areas, but that a part of them could cross the Huaihe River to the east of Shouxian, Hefei, and Chaoxian County in Anhui, and the area north of the Yangtze River, so as to cooperate with Liu Deng's army. The activity area is completely connected with central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu.Let the enemy's main force be left useless and exhausted, while we will annihilate the enemy's minions in a short period of time and establish a base.The telegram finally pointed out: "This kind of work may seem insignificant, but it is of great strategic significance."

At this time, Ye Fei, the commander and political commissar of the first column, led the first column to advance more than 150 kilometers, and moved to Neihuang, Qixian, Hangang, Yanling, Weishi, Xiaoyao Town and other places in Henan Province, liberating three counties and many important places. , Annihilating thousands of enemies.Subsequently, Yizong attracted the enemy's 11th Division to go northward, and took advantage of the situation to divide into three routes across the Yellow River flood area on October 4, and captured Xihua County in one fell swoop. Commander He Yixiang and political commissar Ding Qiusheng led the three verticals to fight in Huangkou, Jiagou, Fuliji, Suixikou, and Suxian County in Anhui, and then attacked to the east of Jinpu Road, successively capturing Lingbi, Sizhou, and Dali. Collected in various places.

Commander Tao Yong and political commissar Wang Chengcheng led the Four Columns to fight in Xiayi, Yongcheng, Henan, Guoyang, Mengcheng and other counties in Anhui, clearing out the enemy's local armed forces, destroying the reactionary regime, and liberating large areas of land. Commander Wang Bicheng and Political Commissar Jiang Weiqing led the Six Columns across the Longhai Line to Lian Kebo County, Jieshou, Shenqiu, Linquan, Xincai, Xiangcheng, Guoyang, Taihe, Fuyang, Yingshang, Mengcheng and other places, annihilating the There are more than 1700 enemies. Commander and political commissar Wang Jian'an led the Eight Columns, and cooperated with the One Column to occupy Yanling, Fugou and other places in Henan Province, and then divided to attack Tongxu County. The enemy's Henan Security Group was quickly wiped out.

Zhoukou is located in the middle reaches of the Shahe River, controlling the traffic in the north and south of the Shahe River, and is an important town in eastern Henan.The town is guarded by the enemy's Henan Security Third Regiment, Fourth Regiment and a self-defense force. Ma Jiyuan, chief of staff of the Sixth Appeasement District Command of the Kuomintang, came here in person.The eight vertical organs and the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th divisions arrived at Zhoukou on October 21 after a three-day long march. In the early morning of the 24th, Eight Columns launched a strong attack on the enemy.

The main attacking four regiments quickly divided and wiped out the enemy in the town.At 7 o'clock in the battle, more than 1,200 people defending the enemy were all wiped out. Ma Jiyuan, Chief of Staff Wang Shiyuan, Deputy Chief of Staff Ma Shuyuan, Chief of the Third Security Regiment Cao Zhenbang, and Chief of the Fourth Regiment Luo Benxian were all captured.Afterwards, Ba Zong took advantage of the situation and went northward to capture Chenliucheng. After a month of fighting, the Western Front Corps had annihilated about 10,000 Kuomintang local armed forces by the end of October, and conquered Qixian, Suixian, Boxian, Yongcheng, Tongxu, Guoyang, Mengcheng, Xiangcheng, Yanling and the east of Jinpu Road. The county towns of Lingbi and Sixian basically destroyed the reactionary Kuomintang regime in the area, occupied a vast area of ​​more than a thousand miles from east to west and more than a hundred miles from north to south, and expanded the liberated areas of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu.By the beginning of November, our army had established 25 democratic county governments, established three new military divisions and commissioners' offices in the areas south of the Shahe River and north of the Huaihe River, and the people's armed forces have developed rapidly. At the end of November, the Western Front Corps completed its strategic deployment in the Henan, Anhui and Soviet border areas.The twelfth column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army escorted the recruits into the Dabie Mountains, under the command of the Liu Deng Field Army.

On September 22, 1947, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the Chen and Suxi Corps would be under the leadership of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Central Bureau.In addition to the first, third, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth columns under the current jurisdiction, Wang Bingzhang's column (that is, the eleventh column of Nakano) was also placed under the jurisdiction of Chen and Su. Chen, Su, Zhang (Yunyi), and Deng (Zihui) were members of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Central Bureau, Deng Xiaoping was still the secretary of the Central Plains Bureau and the secretary of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Central Bureau, and Bo Yibo was the No. A deputy secretary and acting secretary, Chen Yi is the second deputy secretary of the bureau.On behalf of the bureau, Chen and Su guided the party, government, military and civilian work in the south of the Yellow River, west of the canal, east of Pinghan, and north of the Huaihe River, so as to directly support the front line; Hebei, Shandong and Henan leaders).

The Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Central Bureau is responsible for coordinating the logistics supply of the Liu Deng and Chen Su Field Armies and the Chen-Xie Corps.At present, in addition to supplying the Liu Deng and Chen Xie armies, the work of supplying Chen Su's field army should be given top priority. The Eastern Front Corps of the East China Field Army was commanded by Xu (Shiyou) and Tan (Zhenlin), and was directly under the leadership of the East China Bureau. It had jurisdiction over the second, seventh, ninth, and thirteenth columns. On November 8, Chen Yi left the Huaye headquarters for Handan, where he discussed with Bo Yibo and others about the supply of the Huaye army.Su Yu reluctantly bid farewell to Chen Yi, suddenly feeling a heavier burden on his shoulders.

Since Chen Su advanced into the Henan, Anhui and Soviet border areas, the three major armies have turned the Central Plains area from an important rear area where the Kuomintang attacked the Liberated Areas into the front line for the People's Liberation Army's strategic offensive.In order to fight for the Central Plains and eliminate the threats along the Yangtze River and south of the Yangtze River, the Kuomintang strengthened the defenses of the Yangtze River and the railways and important towns in the Central Plains, and at the same time used the Bai Chongxi Group in Jiujiang, the main force of the Gu Zhutong Group in Xuzhou, and the Xi'an A force of the Hu Zongnan Group launched a campaign attack on the People's Liberation Army in the Central Plains in an attempt to achieve the goal of "using offense as defense".

In order to destroy the favorable conditions for the Kuomintang army to quickly transfer troops by relying on the railway, and force the Kuomintang army to guard the key points along the railway, so as to facilitate the development of work in the border areas of Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, Su Yu decided to use seven columns of troops to carry out the battle on the section from Lanfeng to Haozhai on Longhai Road. Breakthrough. In the early winter season, the cold wind was bitter, and the fire was burning along the railway line. People carried shovels on their shoulders and turned the hundreds of meters long railway track and sleepers to one side like a fence. Beginning on November 8, the first vertical and the third division destroyed more than 40 kilometers of railway from Dangshan to Huangkou.After 3 hours of fierce fighting, the first and second divisions wiped out the enemy defending Dangshan, captured more than 4,000 people under the commander of the seventh brigade of the enemy, and seized a large amount of supplies. On the 11th, the divisions set out from Dangshan and Huangkou areas, and swept away the enemies in Chenzhai and other strongholds to the east, and captured Xiaoxian in one fell swoop. The Fourth Vertical and Tenth Division completely destroyed more than 40 kilometers of railway from Dangshan to Mamuji, blew up 11 bridges, and destroyed 1 train.The Twelfth Division concentrated its forces to attack Liudi Station.The 11th Division intercepted and wiped out part of the enemy fleeing west from Xiaoyangji Station, and quickly captured Yucheng, wiping out more than 1,000 defending enemies. The 28th Division of the Tenth Column attacked the enemy defenders at Ma Muji and the two stations of Ma Mu and Zhangge, and captured more than 1,000 enemy commanders, deputy commanders and below.After the 29th Division quickly wiped out the local stubborn enemy forces in Pankou, Liukou, and Dingzhenji, it cooperated with the brother column to control the Xu (zhou) Shang (Qiu) section of the railway, cutting off the lifeline of Jiang's east-west traffic. After the eighth column captured Liuheji, Minquan and Libaji stations, together with local migrant workers, it completely destroyed the more than 50-kilometer railway section from Liuhe to Lanfeng. The Sixth Column and the First Section of the Third Column, led by Chief of Staff Chen Shiju, destroyed more than 50 kilometers of railways. The Sixteenth Division repelled the Eastern Aid enemy at Zhongqiao and Caidaokou, east of Shangqiu, and reorganized part of the Fifth Division, wiped out hundreds of enemies, and forced them to retreat to Shangqiu. On November 15, the first, third, and fourth columns of the Western Front Corps and the eleventh column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army attacked the Xu (zhou) Beng (bu) section of Jinpu Road.The first column captured Sanbao Station, 10 kilometers south of Xuzhou, and approached the south of Xuzhou.The 11th Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army entered near Jiuli Mountain in the northwest of Xuzhou.The third and fourth columns were attacked by the north-south railway line of Xiangsu County.However, because the Kuomintang army deployed 15 brigades (including 8 brigades to be used in the Dabie Mountains) to gather troops from the west, north, and south to Xuzhou, the Western Front Corps decided to end the campaign on the 17th. Some of the main force entered the southwest of Shandong, and some went south. In Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu, while taking a break to carry out complaint education, at the same time doing mass work. In late November, the Kuomintang established the Jiujiang Command of the Ministry of National Defense. Bai Chongxi, the Minister of National Defense and the director of the command, concentrated the superior forces of 33 brigades and began to carry out a comprehensive siege of the Dabie Mountains on November 27.At the same time, 22 brigades were used to guard the Xuzhou and Luoyang sections of Longhai Road and the Zhengzhou and Luohe sections of Pinghan Road; The frontline corps were entangled; the Xi'an Appeasement Office of the Kuomintang used five mobile brigades of the Fifth Corps to clamp down on the Chen Xie Group in western Henan.The enemy attempted to first force Liu Deng's Field Army to withdraw from the Dabie Mountains, and then transfer troops to Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and western Henan, forcing the People's Liberation Army to withdraw from the Central Plains. Su Yu decided to attack the Zhengzhou and Xuchang sections of Pinghan Road first with one team and Chen Xie's regiment, and another team to attack the Zhengzhou and Liuhe sections of Longhai Road. The 11th Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army quickly advanced westward. Under the command of Commander Ye Fei, despite the severe cold and extreme fatigue, Yizong marched 600 miles westward, successively liberated Yongcheng, Guoyang, Boxian, Luyi, Zhecheng and other vast areas, and repelled the enemy's fifth army and seven The 15th Division troops followed and entangled.Yizong conquered Zhuxian Town, an important place on December 12, and on the 13th, according to the order of Huaye Qianzhi, it smashed the Zhongmu-Baisha section of the Longhai Line, captured Zhongmu City in one fell swoop, and once again cut off the lifeline of the enemy's east-west transportation. . Under the command of Commander He Yixiang and Political Commissar Ding Qiusheng of the Three Columns, each division attacked Xuchang.There are more than 7,000 people defending the enemy in Xuchang, including the remnant of the 1st Cavalry Brigade, the 26th Division Special Service Battalion, the 40th Division 115th Regiment and Division Special Service Battalion, and the local security team. From 20:00 to late night on December 13, the Eighth Division wiped out the enemies outside Xuchang City.Chiang Kai-shek got the report, fearing that the Huaye West Front Corps would cut off the Ping-Han Line and destroy its plan to encircle and suppress the People's Liberation Army in the Dabie Mountains, so he urged the Fifth Army and the Seventy-fifth Division to go west for reinforcements regardless. On December 1, the headquarters of the fifth enemy army and the 200th brigade entered the area near the mouth of the Feihe River, and its 45th brigade also entered the area of ​​Shuanggou and Fenglou. City direction attack. After Wang Bicheng and Jiang Weiqing political commissars received the notification from their superiors, they sent 18 divisions to Qiuquji, Dawangzhuang, Shuanglou and other places west of Feihe River to organize defenses.At the same time, our army used the 16th Division to build positions in the test area in the southwest of Zhecheng and the Jiulongkou area in the northeast, forming a corner with the 18th Division. On December 10, the enemy's Fifth Army and Seventy-fifth Division, supported by intensive artillery fire, frantically attacked the positions of the Sixteenth and Eighteenth Divisions, fighting fiercely all day long. On the 11th, the 45th Division of the Fifth Army of the enemy attacked the position of the 53rd Regiment of the 18th Division in three ways.That night, the enemy attacked westward even more frantically.Under the leadership of the commander and political commissar Wang Jian'an, the Eighth Column entered the Heyangji and Suixian areas of Henan Province on the 12th after three days of rapid march from Caoxian County, Shandong Province, and joined the blocking battle. On December 14, the enemy's fifth army and seventy-fifth division, led by ten tanks, successively captured the Baimiao of the 70th regiment of the 24th division of the eighth column, Shitun and Qiancao of the 23rd division, and continued to attack. Attack in the direction of Datun. On December 15, Ba Zong was ordered to build a second line of defensive positions on both sides of the Hui River to continue to prevent the enemy from aiding the West.After that, the column immediately used the fortifications to fight fiercely with the first part of the enemy's fifth army. They faced off for three days and three nights, killed a large number of enemies, and held their positions. In this large-scale blocking battle, more than 3,500 enemies were wiped out in the six columns, and more than 2,300 enemies were wiped out in the eight columns. They dealt a heavy blow to the fifth army and the reorganized 75th division, one of the five main forces of the enemy, and effectively cooperated with the brother troops. combat actions. While the Sixth and Eighth Columns stubbornly blocked the enemy's western aid, the Tenth Column and the Eleventh Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Field Army were tasked with destroying the Kai (Feng) Min (Quan) section of Longhai Road. On the evening of December 14, the 29th Division of the Tenth Column and the Strengthened Artillery Battalion, which were the main offensive missions, launched an attack on Lanfeng City and Lanfeng Station. On the evening of the 15th, division commander Xiao Feng personally went to the front line to command and quickly destroyed the enemy's fortifications relying on stubborn resistance.More than a thousand defending enemies were surrounded and wiped out at Luowang Station.Under the command of Commander Wang Bingzhang and Political Commissar Zhang Linzhi, the 11th Column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army wiped out the Minquan defenders.Subsequently, the Tenth and Eleventh Columns blew up the iron bridges on both sides of Luowang Station, cutting off the Longhai traffic line. The battle of the divisions of the three verticals to capture Xuchang began on the evening of the 14th. They first blasted the city gate, and then quickly broke in to occupy the key points.Crazy enemies teamed up with cars and fought back fiercely from both sides.Later, the enemy set fire to the house at the south gate, making it difficult for the commanders and fighters of the three columns to approach, and then broke through the west gate.The enemy still sticks to the south and north gates, using broken walls to resist steadily. On the morning of the 15th, the atmosphere in the headquarters of the three verticals was very tense. Commander He and Political Commissar Ding's eyes were flushed, but they were still concentrating on directing the attacking troops.Under their orders, the main force of the 20th, 24th, and 22nd regiments went into battle one after another, strengthened their attack force, quickly captured the enemy artillery position in the southeast corner of the city, and then wiped out the remaining enemies in the city, occupied the entire city of Xuchang, wiped out The enemy has more than 6,500 people. At the time when the three verticals were fighting fiercely in Xuchang, the four verticals, under the command of Commander Tao Yong and political commissar Wang Chengcheng, crossed the Yellow Flood Area and completed the battle against Mengzhuang, Xiezhuang, Xinzheng, Pinghan Road along the Pinghan Road on the evening of December 13. Surrounded by Xuedian, Guantingzhai and other places. From the 14th to the 17th, the column captured Guantingzhai, Xinzheng, Mengzhuang, Xiezhuang, Xuedian, Renshuzhai, Yangqiao and other strongholds, destroyed more than 30 kilometers of railways, wiped out more than 3,700 enemies, and damaged 6 enemy tanks. A train of military supplies was seized. However, Huaye's actions to control the Xinzheng and Luohe sections of Pinghan Road did not make the Kuomintang army give up its plan to besiege the Dabie Mountains.Li Tiejun, the commander of the Fifth Corps in western Henan, led the reorganization of the Third Division (less than one regiment) and the 20th Division, respectively from Biyang and Zhengyang via Queshan and along Pinghan Road to the north, and ordered Zhengzhou's reorganization The forty-first and forty-seventh divisions went south, trying to advance north-south and open up the Pinghan Road. Su Yu was very anxious, very worried about the plight of Liu Deng's army in the Dabie Mountains, and hoped to do his best to relieve their pressure. On December 19, Su Yu called the Central Military Commission, Liu Bocheng, and Deng Xiaoping: "The Pinghan Road has been destroyed. However, the hostile Dabie Mountain's 'clearance and suppression' plan has not changed. Other areas. Therefore, we and Chen Xie must cooperate with Liu Deng in operations for a long time until the enemy's attack on the Dabie Mountains is completely crushed. Please Chen Xie provide suggestions for cooperation, and ask the Military Commission and Liu Deng to give instructions.” Before the Military Commission could reply, he continued On the 20th, I called Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi, and reported to the Military Commission Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping: "In order to continue to cooperate with Liu Deng and smash the enemy's attack on the Dabie Mountains, I decided to order the three east columns to continue eastward and break the Jinpu Road. The (port) section is to divert the enemy in the Dabie Mountains. However, the four columns here have nothing to fight except for fighting against the enemy's fifth army and seventy-five divisions, or attacking Zheng (zhou) Bian (Kaifeng). In this situation, even if seven columns are concentrated, it will be difficult to completely wipe out the enemy's fifth army and seventy-five divisions (dividing it is not easy). Therefore, whether it is possible to let the enemy's entire third division and other troops come north (it is estimated that the fifth army may also go south at that time), How about we choose the enemy and wipe them out? Hope to return." Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi received Su Yu's telegram and immediately replied to express their full agreement. At this time, the Central Military Commission also replied: "It is proposed that Su Yu personally lead the third, fourth, sixth, and first columns of Huaye's main force to go south to join Chen Xie, and to be under Su's unified command. Break through the roads, conquer all possible towns and stations, and annihilate all isolated and scattered enemy troops. Then, depending on the situation, we may cooperate with Liu and Deng to attack the enemies in the Dabie Mountains, or return to the north to fight the scattered enemies." After receiving the instructions from the Military Commission, Su Yu immediately ordered the Sixth Column to besiege Yancheng, monitor the actions of the enemy's Thirteenth Brigade, and personally lead the main force of the Three Columns, Four Columns, and One Column to move south quickly, and jumped out of the Chenxie Group's Four Columns, Nine Columns, and Dabie Mountain. The Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army joined together. On December 24, Li Tiejun, commander of the enemy's fifth corps, led the reorganized third division (less than one regiment) into Suiping, Xiping, King Kong Temple, Zhuwangzhai and other areas.The third and fourth columns of the Western Front Corps quickly divided and surrounded the enemy, and launched an attack on the morning of the 25th.After 2 days of fierce fighting, our army completely wiped out the enemy's Fifth Corps and 2 regiments of the reorganized Third Division, a total of more than 9,600 people, and captured the enemy's Major General Li Yingcai, Chief of Staff of the Enemy Corps, Major General Lu Kezhen, Major General Deputy Division Commander, Major General Lei Zixiu, Tan Jiafan, etc. .Only Corps Commander Li Tiejun led dozens of cavalry to break through and escape. The reorganized 20th Division of the Kuomintang Army arrived in the area north of Queshan, and learned that the reorganized 3rd Division had been wiped out, so it was busy retreating to Queshan on December 28.The third and fourth columns of the Western Front Corps and the fourth column of the Chen Xie Group immediately besieged Queshan, seriously threatening Xinyang, an important supply base for the Kuomintang army to attack the Dabie Mountains.The Kuomintang army had to draw from the Dabie Mountains and adjust the strength of 13 brigades including the ninth, second, and eleventh divisions to return to Pinghan Road.In view of the fact that the goal of mobilizing the enemy was basically achieved and Queshan was difficult to conquer in a short period of time, the Chen Xie Group took the initiative to withdraw from the siege on the 31st and moved to the southwest of Luohe, and the third and fourth columns of the Western Front Corps moved to the north of Shahe for rest.So far, the Battle of Pinghan Road ended, the Western Front Corps wiped out 32,000 enemies, destroyed 200 kilometers of railways, and liberated more than 50 cities and towns. On February 17, 1948, the second column suddenly set off from Jiaonan, Shandong, headed straight for northern Jiangsu, crossed Longhai Road from both sides of the hump, and arrived in Yangzhai, northwest of Funing, Jiangsu on March 14.According to the order of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, the Second Column and the Eleventh and Twelfth Columns formed the Subei Corps, with Wei Guoqing as the commander, Chen Pixian as the political commissar, Ji Luo (Ji Pengfei) as the deputy political commissar, Qin Jian as the chief of staff, and Zhang Kai as the director of the Political Department . Gu Zhutong, commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Army General Command and commander of the Xuzhou Command, Li Mo'an, commander of the First Appeasement Zone, and Zhang Xuezhong, commander of the 51st Division, immediately panicked.They thought that the Huaye East Front Corps would go south and sneak across the Yangtze River in May, enter the south of the Yangtze River, and attack the Ninghu-Hangzhou area, so they hurriedly deployed troops from Shandong and Dabie Mountains to reinforce northern Jiangsu, and reduced their troops to strengthen the defense of various key points and along the Yangtze River.The Subei Corps was determined to launch the Yilin Campaign before the arrival of enemy reinforcements. Yilin is an important town in northern Jiangsu, and it is the screen guard of Huai'an and Huaiyin, where the 113th Brigade of the Kuomintang Army is stationed. On March 16, the Northern Subei Corps launched a siege on Yilin defending the enemy.The Eleventh Column first used one brigade to attack the enemy who dug Hong Kong in advance, and the other brigade was active in the south of Yancheng to block the enemy's fourth division that might be aided by the north.The main force of the Twelve Columns is located in the Hujiashe area, ready to block the enemy reinforcements from the Lianghuai River; another regiment is located in the Panshezhai area, fighting against the reinforcements from Fenggu Village.The local armed forces of the fifth subdistrict were in the Zujiazhuang area, and cooperated with the 12th vertical to block the enemy from Fenggu Village who sent aid.The local armed forces in the sixth division are located in the Sujiawei area, blocking the enemies who may be reinforced in the direction of Lianshui and Huai'an. At 18:00 on the 16th, Teng Haiqing, the commander of the Second Column, issued an order to the troops to launch an attack.In just 7 minutes, the troops destroyed the bridgehead along the river that threatened our infantry attack the most.After the Fourth Division quickly rushed into Xidaxu, it launched a full-scale street battle. After 45 minutes of fierce fighting, it wiped out most of the enemy's 338th regiment and a battalion, and occupied Xidaxu.The 14th Regiment of the Fifth Division fought until 19:45, captured the stronghold of Huazhong Bank, wiped out more than a hundred enemies, and then took the opportunity to occupy the stronghold of Heji Company. On the 17th, the commander of the 51st Division of the enemy, with the 150th Brigade of the 44th Division and the 113th Brigade of the 113th Brigade, stayed at the 339th Regiment of Fenggu Village. A total of three regiments of reinforcements gathered in Fenggu Village and galloped to Yilin.The various departments of the Twelve Verticals launched a tenacious resistance to the enemy's reinforcements between Yilin and Fenggu Village, repelled the enemy's attacks many times, and forced the enemy to retreat. At 18:00 on the same day, the fourth division put all three regiments into attack, and stormed the enemy defending Nanxu from the west and north.After continuous blasting, all the ministries broke through the solid fortifications and rushed into Nanxu. They fought fiercely until 00:00 on the 18th, and wiped out most of the defending enemy's 338th regiment.The remnants of the enemy were forced to retreat to Dongdaxu. At the same time as the Fourth Division launched an attack, the 13th and 14th Regiments of the Fifth Division also attacked Dongdaxu from east to west.The enemy brigade commander Wang Kuang brutally ordered the release of poison gas.Both assault companies of my fifth division were all poisoned. On the afternoon of the 18th, Zhang Xuezhong of the Kuomintang rushed to help Yilin with six regiments of the 72nd Division. On the evening of the 18th, Yin Shaoli, the commander of the Fourth Division, came to the front of Dongdaxu from the division command post to look at the terrain, and personally chose a breakthrough for the assault troops.Unexpectedly, the enemy in the bunker fired a barrage of evil bullets, severely wounding his head.Mr. Yin's rescue was ineffective, but unfortunately he died honorably.The sad news of Master Yin's sacrifice aroused the vengeance and anger of the commanders and fighters of the Fourth Division.Everyone solemnly swears: Break into Dongdaxu, capture Wang Kuang alive, and avenge Master Yin! At 17:30 on the 18th, the general offensive began.The second column concentrated all the artillery and fired rapidly, destroying the enemy's bunker on the breakthrough in one fell swoop, and breaking the communication of the enemy's command post. The commanders and fighters of the fourth division suddenly rushed from the north to Dongdaxu with the anger of revenge for the division commander.Defending the enemy was overwhelming, and the defensive section in the north was immediately broken through.The fifth division used multiple breakthroughs to make the enemy hard to defend, and quickly broke into Dongdawei.The fierce battle continued until 3:00 a.m. on the 19th. Wang Kuang saw no reinforcements, so he commanded a few machine guns to open the way, trying to flee in vain, but was eventually captured.So far, the 113th Brigade of Yilin defending the enemy has been completely wiped out. The victory in the Battle of Yilin greatly shocked the enemies in central China.Gu Zhutong, known as one of the "Eight King Kongs" of the Central Army of the Nationalist Government, once created the "Southern Anhui Incident" that shocked China and the world. . After Chiang Kai-shek learned of this situation, he urgently dispatched troops to central China, and at the same time ordered Gu Zhutong, Li Mo'an, and Zhang Xuezhong to adjust their deployment, abandon isolated strongholds, shrink the defense line, and strengthen the defense of key points north of the Yangtze River. In the first ten days of May, after careful planning, Gu Zhutong reorganized 11 regiments of the 4th and 25th Divisions to form the Southern Corps, under the unified command of Huang Baitao. The 72nd Division and the reorganized 83rd Division transferred from Shandong formed a total of 13 regiments to form the Northern Corps, commanded by Zhang Xuezhong, commander of the 7th Appeasement Zone. county seat).The two divisions marched north and south in an attempt to attack the Subei Corps in the Yanfu area. In the headquarters of the Subei Corps, Commander Wei Guoqing stood in front of the battle map.After being silent for a long time, he felt that he could not deal with the enemy passively, but should attack the enemy while his troops were scattered.He suggested that before Zhang Xuezhong's group approached in the north, they should first deal a strong blow to Huang Baitao's troops in the south in the Wuyou area of ​​Yancheng.After collective research, it was decided to implement it immediately. At dawn on May 23, Huang Baitao's corps on the southern front gradually spread out on the front of the Second Column.The divisions of the Second Column rushed towards the enemy in separate ways. However, due to the wide and large attack areas of the second and eleventh verticals, the troops were scattered, and due to the constraints of the terrain, the effect of each attack was not great, and a confrontation with the enemy was formed across the board. In order to ensure the main points of Tianjiakan and attempt to wipe out the main force of the Subei Corps, Huang Baitao concentrated artillery fire on the Second Column and launched a fierce counterattack starting on May 25.Erzong's original plan to re-attack Tianjiakan that afternoon was disrupted, and the troops also suffered heavy losses.At the same time, the blocking of the twelve verticals became more and more difficult.Zhang Xuezhong's Corps has occupied Funing and is continuing to advance south.The Northern Subei Corps decided to move quickly. On the 27th, the enemy Southern Corps occupied Nanyang Bank (east of Yancheng), and the Northern Corps occupied Andun Gou, and wantonly "mopped up" the Hede Town area behind the Subei Corps, causing heavy losses to the area.After days of hard fighting, the Subei Corps was transferred to the outer line on the 29th.The eleventh column went south to the central Jiangsu area to launch an offensive; the twelfth column attacked the northwest canal line of Huaiyin and conquered Lai'anji; the second column moved north of Longhai Road. With the unfolding of the Battle of Eastern Henan and the Battle of Middle Jinpu, the Kuomintang army mobilized the 25th, 83rd, and 72nd divisions from northern Jiangsu to help, and the situation in northern Jiangsu gradually eased.In order to cope with the operation of the Western Front Corps in eastern Henan, the enemy reorganized the 25th and 72nd Divisions and transferred them westward. Go on the offensive.By the 23rd, our army had captured Fangshan Street, Ahu, Chengtou and other strongholds on the outskirts of Haizhou, wiped out more than 3,800 Kuomintang troops, and controlled a section of the railway, further opening up the situation in the Binhai and Huaihai areas.Subsequently, the Subei Corps took advantage of the victory and marched southward, launching the Battle of Lianshui. There are more than 3,000 people defending the enemy in Lianshui, including the 162nd Brigade, 486th Regiment of the 44th Division, the Lianshui Security Regiment and local stubborn people. On the evening of July 3, the brigades of the 11th Column braved the heavy rain and entered the predetermined area, starting the battle to clear the outlying strongholds in Lianshui. In the early morning of the 4th, the rain gradually became lighter. After the various ministries captured the outlying strongholds, they actively advanced towards the urban area. On the 5th, when soldiers from the 31st Brigade of the 11th Column approached the city, they suddenly found that more than 1,000 people defending the enemy had gathered in the South Gate playground. When Brigadier Duan Huanjing learned of this situation, he judged that the defending enemy might have an attempt to break out to the south gate or northwest, and immediately ordered the 93rd and 95th regiments to strictly monitor and prevent the enemy from fleeing. At 20 o'clock on the 5th, under the cover of night, the defending enemy escaped quietly from the northwest corner of Lianshui City.Brigadier Duan immediately ordered the troops to quickly pursue and annihilate them, and notified their superiors and neighbors, and at the same time launched an attack into the city in advance. At 21:45, the siege troops broke into the city, wiped out more than 600 enemies, and forced a part of the remnants to retreat to the west gate in a hurry to resist. On the morning of the 6th, the 93rd Regiment and the 95th Regiment fought together and wiped out the stubborn enemy in Ximen in one fell swoop. Our army took advantage of the victory to search and suppress the remnants of the enemy.At 3:20 p.m., the fighting was all over. Then, the Second Zong marched westward along the north side of the highway, first surrounded Zhongxing, and wiped out the first regiment of the 12th Brigade and the four security squadrons of Siyang.At the same time, the twelve verticals attacked Yugou and actively cooperated with the second vertical.The Eleventh Column is located on the north side of Wangying, and is responsible for attacking the enemies of Lianghuai West Aid, ensuring the safety of the Second Column attacking Zhongxing's flank. Zhongxing is one of the key points on the enemy's canal defense line. Capture Zhongxing to cut off the enemy's canal defense line and use it as a westward crossing point, which is of great significance to the entire corps' offensive along the canal. At 13:00 on the 11th, Commander Yao Yunliang of the Fifth Division gave an order, and the regiments began shelling from all sides. After 30 minutes, many firepower points in front of the enemy were destroyed.Afterwards, the regiments bravely launched an assault and quickly approached from all sides, cutting off the enemy's retreat route, forming a situation of division, encirclement and annihilation.At about 17 o'clock in the battle, more than 3,000 people defending the enemy in Zhongxing were wiped out. At the same time, the Twelfth Column also cleanly wiped out the Yugou stronghold east of Zhongxing, and effectively responded to the battle of the Second Column. On the day the battle ended, Er Zong was ordered to advance to Suqian along both sides of the Xu (Zhou) Su (Qian) Highway in one go. Sun Liangcheng, the commander of the Suqian 25th Division defending the enemy, learned that Zhongxing had been captured, so he led his troops to flee to Suining at dawn on the 12th.The Second Vertical and the Fourth Division took the opportunity to take Suqian lightly. In order to continue to annihilate the enemy's vital forces, directly threaten the enemy's strategically important Xuzhou, in response to Sui Qi's final move towards Huaye's main force.The Corps ordered the Second Column to continue westward, follow and pursue, and at the same time ordered the Eleventh and Twelfth Columns to quickly advance to the west of Suining, preparing to attack the enemy reinforcements from the direction of Xuzhou. Gu Zhutong was shocked and cursed angrily: "Damn it! Wei Guoqing's appetite is getting bigger and bigger, and he wants to eat 8,000 of my troops in one bite!" The 583rd Regiment of the 80th Brigade strengthened the defense of Suining, and at the same time ordered the troops to gather in Pancun, southeast of Xuzhou, and ordered the reorganized 64th Division to move west from Xinhai, and the reorganized 4th Division to enter the Lianghuai area.At this time, our Northern Subei Corps had recovered six counties including Lianshui, Siyang, and Suqian, and isolated the Kuomintang troops in Huaiyin and Huai'an.As a result, the military and civilians in central Jiangsu and along the Yangtze River also attacked extensively and won many victories. In the spring of 1948, the central government decided to establish the Southeast Branch and the Southeast Field Army, with Chen Yi as the commander and political commissar of the Southeast Field Army, Su Yu as the deputy commander, and Deng Zihui as the deputy political commissar.Su Yu was the secretary of the Southeast Branch, Ye Fei was the first deputy secretary, and Jin Ming was the second deputy secretary.At the same time, the first, fourth, and sixth columns of the East China Field Army formed the First Corps of the Southeast Field Army, with Su Yu as the commander and political commissar, Ye Fei as the deputy commander and first deputy political commissar, Jin Ming as the second deputy political commissar, and Zhang Zhen as the staff officer Chief, Zhong Qiguang, is the director of the Political Department, and is preparing to cross the Yangtze River south as the first echelon to open up a new strategic base.And the third, eighth, and tenth columns of the East China Field Army formed the Second Corps of the Southeast Field Army as the second echelon, and planned to cross the south of the Yangtze River in the spring and summer of the following year. This is another new strategic intention of the Central Military Commission. At this time, the Kuomintang adopted the strategic deployment of striving for the Northeast as much as possible, striving for North China, and concentrating on strengthening the defense of the Central Plains, changing "comprehensive defense" to "regional defense".There are 8 appeasement areas in the Central Plains, and 6 mobile corps composed of Qiu Qingquan, Hu Lian, Sun Yuanliang, Zhang Zhen, Pei Changhui and Zhang Gan with their main force, commanded by Gu Zhutong, Bai Chongxi and Hu Zongnan respectively.The Kuomintang attempted to maintain Jinpu Road, and used Pinghan and Longhai Roads as the "cross" to divide the Central Plains People's Liberation Army and the basis for attacking the Central Plains People's Liberation Army, so as to consolidate its defense line on the Yangtze River and ensure the safety of the Jiangnan ruling area. The Central Military Commission ordered the First Corps to take a two-month rest and reorganization, and then forcefully cross the Yangtze River between Yichang and Jianli in Hubei or in the Honghu and Mianyang (now Xiantao) areas, advance to western Hunan and southern Hubei, and then turn to the southeastern provinces to implement lenient maneuvers The combat mission is to create a newly liberated area in order to attract 20 to 30 brigades of the enemy from the Central Plains to return to defend the south of the Yangtze River.Su Yu and others thought over and over again, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages, and put forward a suggestion to adopt the method of frontal split and echelon smuggling between Hukou and Dangtu, Pukou and Jiangyin, cross the Yangtze River, and go straight to the provinces of Fujian and Jiangxi.The Central Military Commission and Chairman Mao paid close attention to this strategic move, calling it the "Second Strategic Leap Forward". On March 5, the Military Commission and Mao Zedong instructed the First Corps: The first and sixth columns immediately marched to the north of the Yellow River to assemble.Liu Deng's Department and Chen Tang's third and eighth columns independently deal with the enemy forces between the Sha (River) and Huai (River). The First and Sixth Columns of the First Corps acted suddenly, turned their backs on the enemy and went northward. By March 12, they all crossed northward and arrived in the Puyang area. training exercise". In the first year of the Liberation War, the East China Field Army was praised by Mao Zedong as "the army with the largest record in all parts of the country".After switching to the strategic offensive, due to frequent battles and little time for political education, under the situation of victory, the purely military views and remnant style of warlords of a small number of cadres have risen. Phenomena happen from time to time.Due to the rapid development of the army, a large number of new elements, including a large number of liberation fighters, have entered the army, and a small number of dissidents have also taken the opportunity to mix into the army.Impure ideology, impure organization, and impure style of work in the troops, as well as the resulting problems in military politics, military-civilian relations, the relationship between officers and soldiers within the army, and the relationship between superiors and subordinates, have hindered the troops from carrying out new strategic tasks.Therefore, it is imperative to carry out a centralized training in the whole army. After the troops of the First Corps arrived in the Puyang area, they quickly drew up a training plan. The general arrangement is: starting from March 15, it will take about a week to study relevant documents, raise awareness, unify thinking, promote democracy, and find out the tendencies of the troops. The problem.Then study the "Ten Military Principles", find out the problems in tactics, technology and discipline of the troops, and conduct three investigations and three rectifications.Then transfer to tactical and technical training.Finish the training before April 20, and finally spend 10 days to prepare for departure. In the new army movement, Su Yu was the first to make a comprehensive, serious and profound self-criticism on the main problems in his work, and assumed leadership responsibility for the warlord tendency in the army.His sincere review set an example for cadres and soldiers, and had a positive impact on promoting inner-party democracy, centralization, and solving problems within the core leadership team.Ye Fei, Tao Yong, and Wang Bicheng, the three column commanders, also successively made sincere and realistic self-criticism. Chen Yi praised Su Yu: "The introspection is very good, to the point, and very concise, but I feel it is a bit too much. This kind of strict self-criticism is worth learning from everyone!" 1948年5月21日晚，朱德总司令在陈、粟首长陪同下到达孙王庄。这是朱总司令第一次来华野部队视察。此时，中央军委已正式确定第一兵团暂不渡江，原准备渡江后用的东南野战军第一兵团番号停止使用，仍称华野第一兵团，并明确第一兵团以全歼国民党军主力第五军为主要作战目标。第一兵团得知这一消息后，上下欣喜若狂，誓与敌军决一死战。朱总司令在第一兵团总共工作7天，他先后听取了各纵队主要领导和兵团直属各部处长的汇报，召见了纵队团以上干部和连、排、班及士兵代表，并向兵团干部每人送了一本马列主义经典著作，签名留念。 一个热火朝天的军事大练兵运动在第一兵团军事整训的基础上，红红火火地开展起来了。 1948年3月，西北野战军取得了宜川大捷。国民党西安绥署主任胡宗南为保西安，急调驻陇海路潼关、洛阳段的裴昌会兵团西援。于是，在郑州、潼关间的400多公里地段上，仅剩下据守洛阳的国民党青年军二零六师。 为策应西北我军作战，中央军委遂令华东野战军第三、第八纵队，晋冀鲁豫野战军第四、第九纵队发起洛阳战役。为便于协调两军行动，军委明确指示由陈士榘、唐亮统一指挥此次战役。 洛阳地扼陕、晋、豫三省要冲，系陇海路中段重镇，是国民党中原与西北联系的要点。古城北依邙山，南临洛河，守军利用有利地形，构筑半永久性工事，易守难攻。 防守洛阳的国民党青年军第二零六师，是蒋介石直接控制的所谓“御林军”。当时守敌除二零六师2个旅5个整团外，还有中央炮兵4个连、独立汽车队第五营，连同地方保安团，共有2万多人。他们在各支撑点内都储备了充足的弹药、物资，准备固守，凭险顽抗。 蒋介石获悉我军可能打洛阳，坐立不安。他非常迷信古人所言：洛阳之盛衰，天下治乱之候也。于是，蒋介石便慎重地选择九十四军第五师中将师长邱行湘为整编二零六师师长。 3月5日，我各参战部队向洛阳地区开进。 经过反复权衡利弊，我指挥部确定了攻城各纵的具体部署：三纵以八师二十三团主攻东门，二十四团为二梯队；二十团主攻北门，二十五团为二梯队；二十二团攻东北门，二十一团为二梯队；二十七团为纵队预备队。四纵以十旅二十九团主攻西门，二十八、三十团在西门南北地段配合攻城；三十一、三十二团主攻南门，其他部队分别担任第二梯队和预备队。 3月11日，当阻援部队控制了预定阵地后，未将洛阳外围敌人全部肃清，攻城部队即于当晚对洛阳城发起进攻。 三纵八师担负主攻东门的任务。师长王吉文专门把担负第一梯队突击任务的二十三团一营（战后命名为洛阳营）营长张明找来，先让他坐下，然后郑重地交代说：“你们营的战斗作风我们信得过，可是打洛阳这样的大城市，我们还是头一回。别说你这个新营长，连我们也没有经验。千万马虎不得，一定要深入调查，搞好临战准备工作！” 张明根据师长的意图，在全营掀起了“人人搞调查”的热潮。他们除留下部分人员负责警戒之外，其余全都出去走访老乡。凡是进城做过工的、卖过菜的、拉过洋车的、修过工事的，都成了重点调查对象。茅屋里、大树下、场院上，随处可见三三两两的战士们，坐在老乡面前，拿着笔记本记着老乡述说的洛阳地形和防御工事情况。大家把调查的情况以口头、文字或图画形式及时汇报到营部，充实着他们自己编绘的“洛阳城防图”。 在综合情况时，张明发现一张有些特别的草图，上面密密麻麻地画满了图形和符号，尤其是一个圆圈旁还有一只躺倒的狗。他费了很大脑筋，都不得其门而入，于是便查这是谁画的。原来，这张草图是营部理发员送来的。张明立即请理发员到营部，让他当面一一解释。理发员是个十七八岁的小战士，他指着圆圈和狗，腼腆地说：“据老乡讲，前天有只狗跑到这圆圈状的铁丝网旁，不知怎么就死了。我估摸着，这是一圈电网。” 为了找到突破东门的有效办法，张明又带着几名连干部、爆破排长和突击手到东关前沿观察地形。他们发现城墙坚固，满布着枪眼，像蜂窝一样。外面的瓮城则又高又厚，又有较大纵深，有200米宽，五步一小堡，十步一大堡，犬牙交错，没有一线通路。回来后，他们开起了“诸葛亮会”，让大家都来动脑筋、想办法。 一连长许升堂说：“说句孬种话吧！我们突击连坚决往里突击不成问题，只怕是打到城门下剩不了几个人，没法攻城。” 二连长邱吉太说：“原先看一连争到突击任务，我还真有点儿吃醋。现在见敌人工事这样复杂，我心想不干突击也好，免得打不好丢人……” 三连长董金贵干脆说：“我看，一个连包打突击，够呛！” 最后，形成了三连负责打开城外通路、二连包打瓮城、一连夺占东门的突击方案。 会后，张明向团里汇报这个突击方案时，石一宸团长高兴地说：“邱行湘说咱们是'人海战术'一股劲儿，他想以'小而坚'战术挡住这一股劲儿就万事大吉了。可是，你们的方案正是变一股劲儿为三股劲儿，好极了！三个连一下全用上，没预备队了吧？我把团警卫连拨给你们！” 当日黄昏，天渐渐地黑了下来，两颗红色信号弹划破茫茫夜空。刹那间，炮声大作，洛阳五个城门同时被淹没在炮火中。 19时，空中又升起三颗白色信号弹——这是步兵攻击的信号。攻城各部同时向五个城门发起突击。 三连的爆破手们看到信号后快速奔跑。战士马景春首先奔向梅花堡，抡起大铡刀，砍开电网。爆破员跟踪而入，迅速点燃炸药，一声巨响，梅花堡飞上了天空。 紧接着，三连爆破手们一组接一组地冲过桥，对城门外的工事实施爆破。半个小时左右，守敌在东桥头到瓮城门之间精心设置的十多道障碍全被扫清。 二连的任务是突破瓮城。这时忽然下起了倾盆大雨，战士们硬是凭着手中的武器，顽强地打退敌人多次反扑，并勇猛地向左右两翼扩大突破口。 一连乘瓮城混战之际，马上突击东大门。第一爆破组的叶金彩和陈忠德，以30多斤重的炸药包将城门南边炸开。紧接着，第二爆破组的赵全有和胡文才趁烟雾冲上去，炸开了城门。 随着东门被炸开，一连突击队立即顶着硝烟往里冲。他们人踩人肩，很快爬上城墙，迅速抢占了城门上的箭楼。随着三颗红色信号弹从洛阳古城东门升起，陈士榘在指挥部听到三纵孙继先司令员极为兴奋地报告：“张明这个营打得好！东门被轰开，城楼已被占领，城里的电灯还亮着呢！” 但孙继先司令员没有想到，就在他兴奋地向陈士榘报告东门被突破的消息后，马上又接到八师王吉文师长语气沉重的电话：“敌人集中炮火向我突破口猛烈轰击，后续部队无法前进，突击营的电话线被打断了。”孙继先为之一惊，连忙命令道：“要不顾一切，让后续部队攻进城去，扩大突破口！”此时，他非常清楚，西门、南门、东北门、北门都没突破，敌人一定会集中全力对付东门突破口。别说二十三团一营难以顶住，就连整个团都有被敌人打出城的危险。当务之急，必须尽快将三纵的兵力都压向东门突破口。于是，三纵二十三团和东门二梯队二十四团相继突进城内。主攻东北门的二十二团和二十一团、主攻北门的二梯队二十五团和纵队预备队二十七团，也均奉令由东门拥进城内。八师、九师两个师指挥所随即指挥突击部队与敌展开激烈的巷战。 攻打西门和南门的陈、谢部四纵，11日夜间两次发起攻击，均未奏效。陈赓司令员见此，火冒三丈。他深感四纵只有破城，才能更有效地配合三纵。于是，他不顾别人劝阻，亲自到前沿阵地抵近侦察，调整部署，并决定于12日昼间继续攻城。 当天下午1时，强攻西门开始。猛烈的炮火掩护着六个爆破组冲到护城壕边，他们把数十包炸药投入壕底，炸毁了暗设在壕内的火力点和竹签。西门顷刻一片火海，涌起阵阵硝烟。 突击连五连李志华副连长率领爆破组在瓮城墙上炸开了一个大缺口。与此同时，南门也被十三旅三十七团攻破。战至14时，四纵已从西门和南门入城。 洛阳城防全面崩溃，火线上的残敌纷纷向城西北角逃窜。邱行湘亲自督战，下令核心阵地守军向畏战败退者射击，打死打伤无数，仍无济于事。激战中，第一旅旅长赵云飞被俘，第二旅旅长盛钟岳丢下部队，化装后藏匿于民宅。敌主力已基本被歼。 战至13日下午，三纵、四纵攻城各部将城西北角外围的敌人全部肃清。邱行湘和其残部5000余人龟缩于核心阵地，企图依托坚固的工事，死守待援。 援敌胡琏兵团和孙元良兵团，获悉洛阳城内十万火急，二零六师危在旦夕，遂加速驰援。由于阻击胡琏兵团我兄弟部队未能将其钳制住，且抢占登封山隘的部队又没能赶在援敌之前到达，致使胡琏、孙元良两兵团在府店镇地区会合西援。陈土榘当即命令陈、谢部九纵司令员秦基伟率主力东渡伊河与八纵配合，加强阻援力量，以保障在洛阳城内全歼残敌。 14日晨，邱行湘爬上设在三层楼顶的观察所，用望远镜进行观察，看到我攻击部队将洛阳仓库的物资外运，判断攻击部队主力可能西撤。联想到昨夜攻击部队两次受挫，又判断攻击部队虽层层包围核心阵地，但地面攻坚伤亡太大，可能要进行坑道爆破攻击。不论出现哪种可能，对他坚守待援都是有利的。 但事实上，他的判断完全错了！ 为了尽快消灭敌人，陈士榘来到三纵指挥部，紧急召集三纵、四纵有关师（旅）干部，开起了“诸葛亮会”。会议决定，把阵地上原有的和刚刚缴获的火炮集中使用，对敌核心阵地实施长时间的火力摧毁，严惩顽敌。 14日16时半，三纵和四纵的几十门大炮、一百多门小口径曲射炮扬起黑亮的炮口，把邱行湘的指挥部围在当中。每门炮旁边的弹药箱都堆得像座小山一样。炮兵指挥员不求击中目标，只求各炮发射一小时。敌核心阵地上顿时浓烟滚滚、火光冲天。邱行湘狼狈地从东面大楼飞奔而下。一发炮弹从树梢处飞来，落地爆炸，弹片把他的前额划了一下，鲜血直流。 晚上8时，邱行湘被我军战士从地堡里活捉了出来。他低着脑袋，刚走出地堡时，猛听见偃师和洛河方向传来阵阵密集的炮声。他误认为援军已到，一阵惊喜，趁混乱之机，转身跳进外壕，钻入坑道。他举起手枪，红着眼对残敌大吼：“坚持，坚持最后一分钟！”并向坑道守敌悬赏1000万元，诱逼残敌进行垂死挣扎。 深夜12时，十二连战士在押俘虏时，发现一个“疯子”——他身穿士兵服装，歪戴帽子，浑身泥土，头缠绷带，满脸血迹，从坑道口一出来，就发疯似的东跑西窜。战士王五彬猛扑过去，一把抱住他。指导员刘杰也带了几个人上来，一起把他抓住。此“疯子”不是别人，正是因惨败而一时心理变态的邱行湘。 洛阳战役，是人民解放军挺进中原以来，第一次对敌坚固防守的中等城市的攻坚作战，也是对国民党军分区防御的第一次严重打击。 战役发起时，攻城各部政治机关，在行军途中就广泛深入地进行战场纪律和城市政策的教育。凡是攻打洛阳的部队，不仅比赛谁战斗更英勇，还要比赛谁更严守政策纪律。部队要求大家喊响“光荣地进去，干净地出来”的口号，把遵守战场纪律、执行城市政策当作一项重要的政治任务来完成。 新华社为了宣传洛阳战役中攻城部队严格遵守城市纪律的事迹，特别转发了一篇通讯，题为《桌上的表》，全文如下： 洛阳东城门里靠南楼房上，当我们的部队突进城后，少数敌人仍凭楼顽抗着。最后，两个突击队的战士首先冲上了楼，敌人已逃走了，房主人也吓得不知躲到哪里去了。楼上静悄悄的，一个人也没有。房内放着漂亮的花被、崭新的皮包和许多衣服。在一张方桌上，还放着一只钢壳怀表。雪白的表面，漆黑的表针，在灯光下看去，还不到12点钟，细小的秒针正在滴滴答答地走着。 当时，楼房主人就藏在房间内，战士们在议论中透露出来的爱表心情都被他听到了。当部队开拔后，房主人见到房内一切财物原封未动，怀表仍在桌上摆着，不禁大为感动，抓起表就追下楼来，一定要将那块表赠送给战士们。他激动地说：“我以前没见过你们这样好的军队，你们真是仁义之师，请长官收下这块表留个纪念吧！”他们婉言谢绝了。 解放后，楼房主人把表交给了北京的中国人民革命军事博物馆。 虽然文中记述的是“洛阳营”的指战员们，但在攻打洛阳的战役中，像“洛阳营”这样自觉地遵守城市纪律的现象，在当时是非常普遍的。 为了学会管理城市工作的一套本领，以便今后管理更多的城市，在攻城战役正酣之际，华野政治部主任兼兵团政委唐亮亲自挂帅，以野政前指人员为主，从各纵抽出一百多名干部参加城市工作。 这次城市的接管，也为以后夺取更多更大的城市提供了经验。