September 9, 1945, Nanjing, the auditorium of the Kuomintang Army General Headquarters. This is a magnificent building.On this day, gold letters on a red background with the words "Complete Victory" and "Eternal Peace" hung at the gate, and colorful flags were lined up on both sides of the gate.Surrounded by soldiers guarding, the vigilance is tight.At 9 a.m., the signing ceremony of Japan's unconditional surrender in the Chinese Theater was held here.Army Commander-in-Chief He Yingqin, on behalf of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese theater, Chiang Kai-shek, accepted the instrument of surrender signed by General Yasuji Okamura, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Expeditionary Forces in China.Then, he handed over Order No. 1 signed by Chiang Kai-shek to Okamura Neiji, ordering him to withdraw from the meeting.He Yingqin immediately delivered a speech on the radio: "To the compatriots all over the country and people all over the world, the signing ceremony of Japan's surrender in the Chinese theater was successfully completed in Nanjing at 9 am on the 9th. This is the most meaningful day in Chinese history. It is the eight-year war of resistance against Japan. The result of hard work."

Why did Chiang Kai-shek set the historic surrender ceremony in Nanjing, and chose it at 9:00 on September 9?One is that Nanjing is the capital of the National Government, which symbolizes the end of the era of Nanjing as the occupied area of ​​the Japanese invading army and the "capital" of the Puppet National Government; the other is that in Chiang Kai-shek's heart, Nanjing is still the capital, and the National Government will return to Nanjing , to arouse a sense of homesickness among the people; three, September 9th is the 50th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's first Guangzhou Uprising, which shows that Chiang Kai-shek is the commander-in-chief of the Chinese revolution.

It should be said that the ceremony of Japan's surrender was held in Nanjing, and the people of Nanjing were the happiest.The people of Nanjing, who had been looted by the Nanjing Massacre, had a special feeling for this move. There was a jubilant atmosphere everywhere in Nanjing, and people from all walks of life who accompanied the capital Chongqing also held a large-scale celebration.Chiang Kai-shek held a grand tea party in Chongqing to entertain guests from various countries.At the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek tried his best to praise the achievements of the allies in the world, including the Soviet Red Army, and boasted of several major battles fought by the Kuomintang army against the Japanese army, but did not mention the heroic Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.

In Chiang Kai-shek's heart, what is he thinking and what is he going to do?To this, the most honest answer should be his confession in his diary. On September 2, he wrote in his diary: "Today, Japan, the greatest enemy of our country, has unconditionally surrendered to the United Nations at the port of Yokohama. The greatest national humiliation in the past 50 years and the persecution and humiliation of individuals over the years can now be over. The snow has been completely wiped away. But although the old shame is snowed, the new shame is heavy. I don’t know when this shame will be restored? Good luck! The future shame will be a new shame, and it is specially admonished.”

What is his so-called "new shame"?In Chiang Kai-shek's heart, the pain is that "the Third International has not been defeated, and the Communist Party has not been cleared. The crisis of the party has never been greater than it is today." Thinking of this, Chiang Kai-shek had trouble sleeping and eating. Therefore, on September 20, he sent a secret message to the commanders of the various theaters: "The current negotiation with the traitor party is to spy on its requirements and goals, so as to delay the time and ease the international attention, so that the national army can seize the opportunity and quickly recover the central city of the enemy-occupied area. Wait for the national army to control all strategic strongholds and lines of communication, and after the Japanese invaders have completely surrendered, then use the favorable military situation to conduct specific negotiations with the traitor party. If they cannot yield under the principle of unity of military orders and government orders, they will use bandits to wipe out .”

For this reason, on the one hand, Chiang Kai-shek asked the Kuomintang troops to intensify their efforts to fight and actively advance in accordance with the established military plans and orders;In order to get all the fruits that can be picked, Chiang Kai-shek asked Wedemeyer, the commander of the US military stationed in China, to use almost all the sea and air transportation forces of the United States in the Far East to help Chiang Kai-shek transport troops after obtaining the consent of US President Truman.From August 16th, the Kuomintang airlifted the New Sixth Army from Zhijiang, Hunan to Nanjing, and took control of the headquarters of the Japanese invaders and Ningji Okamura. On September 4, the 94th Army and Tang Enbo headquarters were airlifted from Liuzhou, Guangxi to Shanghai, the 92nd Army was airlifted to Peiping; the 52nd Army was transported from Vietnam Haiphong to Qinhuangdao, and the 13th Army was transported from Shanghai to Qinhuangdao, The above-mentioned two armies were assisted by planes to occupy Shanhaiguan, drove straight to the northeast, arrived at Jinzhou, and occupied Shenyang.Wedemeyer, commander of the US military stationed in China, once boasted: "This is undoubtedly the largest air force transfer in the history of the world."

On April 30, 1946, the National Government promulgated the "Order to Return the Capital".In the afternoon of the same day, Chiang Kai-shek and his wife flew out of Chongqing, passed through Xi'an and Hankou, and arrived in Nanjing on May 3.Yu Jishi, director of the Military Affairs Bureau of the Military Commission, and more than 20 military and political officials accompanied him. On May 5, the national government held a grand return ceremony in Nanjing. On May 5, 1921, Sun Yat-sen, who returned to Guangzhou to restore the military government, declared that he would continue to protect the law and was sworn in as the very president of the Republic of China.The reason why Chiang Kai-shek set the date of returning the capital to May 5th is to show that he is the successor of Sun Yat-sen.

The grand ceremony is held in two places, one is the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, and the other is the Great Hall of the People Square.The former is mainly to commemorate the establishment of the national government and the revolutionary government, while the latter is to hold celebrations from all walks of life. At 9:00 am, the commemorative ceremony for the founding of the national government and the revolutionary government began.With the sound of salutes and military music, Chiang Kai-shek led civil and military officials to stand in front of the statue of Sun Yat-sen in the sacrificial hall to salute, and observed 3 minutes of silence.Then, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech.After the ceremony, he and his wife went to the square of the Great Hall of the People to attend the celebration meeting and received flags and eulogies from all walks of life.Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech with a smile on his face: "Today is the anniversary of the establishment of the revolutionary government in Guangzhou by our founding father 25 years ago, and our national government is also in Nanjing today... Today, Zhongzheng and our compatriots can still meet in the capital and gather together. How gratifying this is. It is indeed the most memorable day for our Republic of China! We must have the confidence of winning the War of Resistance in the past to shoulder the great cause of building a nation in the future!"

In the afternoon, Chiang Kai-shek held a reception for Chinese and foreign guests in the National Hall, known as the "May Five Tea Party" in history. Those who were invited to attend the tea party were dignitaries from all walks of life, celebrities and foreign envoys.On that day, whoever held the invitation card jointly signed by Chiang Kai-shek and his wife and who held the red round "May Five Tea Party" guest card in Nanjing was a symbol of identity and status.At the banquet, Chiang Kai-shek, who was walking around, met Deng Yingchao, the wife of Zhou Enlai, a representative of the Communist Party of China.

"Mr. Zhou Enlai went to Wuhan this morning, so he didn't have time to attend today's event." Deng Yingchao said. "Thank you for coming. General Xu Yongchang has also arrived in Wuhan, and they will meet." Chiang Kai-shek replied. In fact, both Chiang Kai-shek and Deng Yingchao knew in their hearts that because the Kuomintang army had followed Chiang Kai-shek's secret order to surround the troops of the Central Plains Military Region led by Li Xiannian and Zheng Weisan, Zhou Enlai discussed with Marshall and others and went to Wuhan with the Kuomintang representative Xu Yongchang to mediate the matter .

At this time, although Nanjing was singing and dancing, it was a festive scene, but the situation in the Central Plains and Northeast China was grim, and the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had reached a deadlock. There is no doubt that Chiang Kai-shek's established policy is to use war or other methods to eliminate the Communist Party and the people's armed forces led by it.No matter how he pretends to love peace and inherit Sun Yat-sen's behest, he is actually just acting.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he mobilized the Kuomintang army and successively seized Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Jinan, Xuzhou, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Taiyuan, Guisui (now Hohhot) and other cities that had been surrounded by the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army and were occupied by the Japanese army. and strategic locations.In the enemy-occupied areas of the country, the leaders of the puppet army recruited a large number of puppet troops in important positions, formed underground troops and advance troops, stuck to strategic points and lines of communication, and acted as the vanguard of the civil war.Especially in East China, the ugly drama of "Jiang Puppet Confluence" is the most obvious: On August 12, 1945, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Zhou Fohai, a big traitor, vice president of the Puppet Executive Yuan and Mayor of Shanghai, as the commander-in-chief of the Shanghai Action Corps of the Kuomintang Military Committee. Luo Junqiang, the Minister of Justice and Administration, was appointed as the deputy commander-in-chief; on the 14th, Ren Yuandao, the puppet navy minister and the director of the appeasement of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Nanjing advance army; later, the puppet troops stationed in Yangzhou, Bengbu, Xuzhou and other places Sun Liangcheng, Wu Huawen, Hao Pengju and other ministries were incorporated into the Second, Fifth and Sixth Route Army of the Kuomintang Advance Army respectively.More than 120,000 people in 162 large and small puppet troops in Shandong were also incorporated into the Kuomintang army. On September 13, Chiang Kai-shek promulgated the "Secret Order to Suppress Bandits", requiring the generals of the Kuomintang army to follow the "Bandit Suppression Handbook" compiled by him when he "encircled and suppressed" the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army in 1933. ".At the same time, the Xuzhou Appeasement Office was established, with Xue Yue as the director and Tang Enbo and Li Pinxian as the deputy directors. They unified commanded the Third Front Army and the Tenth Theater Army, preparing to attack the Central China Liberated Area.The Kuomintang army advancing along the Pinghan, Tongpu, Pingsui, and Jinpu railways was advancing step by step, seriously threatening the liberated areas of North China and East China.The troops of the Third War Zone of the Kuomintang Army have begun to attack the East Zhejiang troops of the New Fourth Army, and will destroy the liberated areas such as southern Jiangsu, eastern Zhejiang, southern Anhui, Henan and Hubei, and the Hunan and Guangdong borders south of the Yangtze River one by one. East China includes the seven provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, and Taiwan, as well as the two cities of Nanjing and Shanghai. Compared with other provinces and regions in China, it has a dense population, rich products, convenient transportation, developed culture, prosperous commerce, and control of the river. The sea is the hub connecting North China and South China, and its strategic position is very important.During the Northern Expedition and the Agrarian Revolutionary War, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the broad masses of people in this area fought stubbornly in various struggles.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang failed in the battles in Songhu and Xuzhou, and retreated westward one after another. This beautiful land was ravaged by the Japanese army. In the spring of 1938, the New Fourth Army and the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army shouldered the mission of marching into Shandong and carrying out the war of resistance behind the enemy lines in central China. Gathering the local anti-Japanese armed forces and relying on the broad masses of the people, they waged an arduous struggle, wiped out a large number of Japanese and puppet troops, recovered a large area of ​​land, and established central Jiangsu, northern Jiangsu, southern Jiangsu, Huainan, Huaibei, Hubei, Henan and Anhui borders in central China and Shandong. , Wanjiang, East Zhejiang, Jiaodong, South Shandong, Central Shandong, Bohai, Binhai and other anti-Japanese base areas and democratic regimes.By the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the area of ​​the two liberated areas of Shandong and Central China had reached 310,000 square kilometers, with a population of 60.2 million. The main force and local armed forces had grown to 520,000, and the militia had 1 million.In order to strive for the success of peace talks with the Kuomintang and realize national peace and democracy, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China resolutely decided to withdraw from the eight liberated areas of Guangdong, Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, southern Anhui, central Anhui, Hunan, Hubei and southern Henan, and transfer troops from these areas to the north.This decision is an important decision full of strategic foresight and avoiding disadvantages. It not only reflects the sincerity of the Communist Party in striving for peace and democracy, but also wins the support and support of the people of the whole country. , It is conducive to striving for domestic peace and dealing with the large-scale attack that the Kuomintang will launch. On February 19, 1947, Chiang Kai-shek said in a speech entitled "Review of the Bandit Suppression Campaign and Future Improvements of Our Army" in the Kuomintang Officer Training Corps: "The bandit army in the pass can be divided into five groups... Among the five groups, according to my observation, the Chen Yi group is the most tenacious, the most well-trained, the most cunning, and the most difficult to eliminate." Chen Yiyi, which Chiang Kai-shek refers to, is the East China Field Army.Chiang Kai-shek regards East China as a major problem, that is, he regards the field army as a major problem!