Chapter 43 fourth quarter

In the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the "Great Martial Arts Competition" in 1964 played a great role in improving the military quality of the people's army and strengthening the modernization of the army. Yearn for. The birthplace of the "Great Martial Arts Contest" was in the 12th Army. Li Desheng was the commander of the army at that time, and Li Desheng single-handedly grasped the "Guo Xingfu Teaching Method". In 1958, Li Desheng, who was already the commander of the 12th Army, went to Beijing Higher Military Academy (now National Defense University) to study.I have been there for 3 years, and I have gained a lot.After graduation, he still returned to the 12th Army as the commander.

In the war years, the army was hectic and the battles were constant. The troops mainly learned to fight through actual combat. In peacetime, the improvement of the combat effectiveness of the troops depends on military training.Li Desheng re-appointed his army commander with this question in mind as to how the troops should be trained. Li Desheng called the cadres in charge of training and asked them to truthfully report the training status and existing problems of the troops.It turned out that some cadres had a lot of concerns about training, because many of the training methods used by the Soviet army were used to conduct regular training.After the Sino-Soviet relationship deteriorated, it opposed "dogmatism", denied the Soviet army's set, and emphasized inheriting the fine traditions of our army.But specifically, what are the fine traditions of our army that should be inherited and carried forward?How to inherit?What methods of the Soviet army cannot be used?Neither is very clear.Therefore, the training of the troops is varied.

After learning about these situations, at the beginning of 1961, Li Desheng led a working group composed of army, division, and regiment to the 2nd Company of the 100th Regiment of the 34th Division to find first-hand information and seek solutions. After arriving in the army, Li Desheng saw that the soldiers were very enthusiastic and energetic in training, but the lower training methods lacked flexibility.During the shooting training, the cadres are so busy checking and previewing that they lie there for half a day and can only take a few shots; during the tactical training, the soldiers run all over the mountain without paying attention to the formation.The soldiers themselves made up some jingles, saying, "Practice shooting, grind your belly", "Practice tactics, walk in a line, lie down in a large area. Attack and run all over the mountain, defense is nothing to do."In order to achieve good results, some companies choose windless days for shooting, and flat ground with no slope for tactical assessment.

How can soldiers trained in this way be brought to the battlefield to fight? Cadres and soldiers must be awakened. One day, Li Desheng conducted an experimental live ammunition shooting assessment in the 2nd company without prior notice. What happened was: the enemy was airborne at Sanjiao Mountain, more than a dozen miles away from the barracks, and the task of the 2nd company was to gather immediately and run forward to destroy the enemy. After the 2nd company ran for more than ten miles in full armor, Li Desheng suddenly ordered: change direction and pursue the enemy. The 2nd company turned over a dozen more hills, waded through three small rivers, and came to the foot of Sanjiao Mountain. As soon as they arrived at the predetermined location, Li Desheng immediately ordered the whole company to shoot live ammunition.

As a result, the 2nd company, which is considered a well-trained company in the entire army, only scored a "pass". Li Desheng called Guo Xingfu, the deputy company commander in charge of the training of the 2nd company, and asked some questions.At this time Guo Xingfu was sulking!He couldn't figure out the commander's "surprise attack" assessment.He was silent, but he had a grievance on his face. Li Desheng had already seen that he did not criticize Guo Xingfu, but only asked a few questions: "In the deep mountains and dense forests, with strong winds and heavy rains, without a compass or guide, can you even travel a hundred miles at night?"

Guo Xingfu thought for a while, and replied: "According to the current level of training, no!" "At various distances, within the range specified by the gauge, no matter what target appears, can the soldiers of your company raise their guns and wipe out the enemy? Guo Xingfu thought about it again, and replied: "No way!" "Within 100 to 200 meters, under the fierce enemy fire, can Zhan Shi of your company charge up bravely? Do you dare to fight hand-to-hand with the enemy and finally destroy the enemy? Guo Xingfu didn't even think about it, and answered: No!"

Under Li Desheng's continuous questioning, Guo Xingfu became clear-headed and began to realize that there were indeed many problems in his company's training. Li Desheng talked with Guo Xingfu all afternoon, telling him that training is for fighting, not for putting on airs, and that he must proceed from actual combat with strict requirements and strict training, so that every soldier can develop his true skills. Guo Xingfu was convinced and led the company back to the barracks.Guo Xingfu is a native of Zouping County, Shandong Province. He was born in a poor peasant family in 1930. He lost his father when he was young, and life at home was difficult. After only studying for three months, he collected firewood and herded pigs at home. In 1944, when he was 14 years old, he served as an orderly soldier in the Wu Huawen Army of the Kuomintang. In 1948, he joined the Chinese People's Liberation Army during the Jinan Campaign following the Wu Department's uprising, and joined the Huaye 13th Column as a soldier. During the Battle of Xiamen, he served as a soldier, deputy squad leader, and squad leader. He entered the Army Infantry School in 1951 and was assigned to the 12th Army after graduation in 1955.

After a few days, the 12th Army held a training meeting. Guo Xingfu lived up to Li Desheng's expectations. The combat team he was in charge of teaching had a lively offensive form and rich homework content, which met the requirements of actual combat. Li Desheng and the military leaders decided to stick to Guo Xingfu's teaching method and gradually improve and improve it. The 2nd company and 3rd class were used as pilot classes, with a deputy platoon leader as the class leader and Guo Xingfu as the coach. Guo Xingfu's teaching method started from here. After half a year of hard work, Guo Xingfu and the class he led have made great progress, and they have already established a relatively well-established method in teaching.Seeing that they had achieved some results, Li Desheng organized the cadres of the battalion, company, and platoon of the 34th Division to visit twice, asking everyone to put forward suggestions for improvement, and organized the cadres of the whole division to visit once again, and generally responded well.Li Desheng asked the staff of the training office to take the small team to perform in the other two divisions, which were also well received.

One day, the deputy editor-in-chief of the "Military Training Newsletter" magazine of the General Staff's Military Training Department brought several editors to the military headquarters of the 12th Army. Read it very carefully in order to broaden your horizons, understand the training dynamics of the whole army and solve some problems encountered in the training.This time the deputy editor-in-chief of the publication came to the army, which is an excellent opportunity for communication.At that time, the training pilot work of Guo Xingfu's class was in the exploratory stage, and the 12th Army neither reported to the training department of the Nanjing Military Region nor allowed it to report to the outside world.Now that the General Staff's magazine specializing in military training has come, do you want to take this opportunity to ask them to take a look?Li Desheng tentatively asked the deputy editor-in-chief of the magazine: Do you want to stay one more day, read Guo Xingfu's teaching method and give some opinions before leaving?The deputy editor readily agreed.

The next day, Li Desheng accompanied them to watch the tactical training performance of Guo Xingfu's class under the scorching sun.The temperature was as high as 37 degrees that day. Guo Xingfu and the soldiers were drenched in sweat on the field, but they were always in high spirits. The lively atmosphere reproduced the fine tradition of our army's military, democratic, mutual education and mutual learning during the war years. After reading it, the deputy editor-in-chief and others were greatly surprised, and even claimed it was good.And said on the spot: They will not go south anymore, they will stay in Jinhua, please send a few people from the army to sum up Guo Xingfu's teaching experience in the 2nd company, sort out all the homework processes of the 3rd class, and promote it to the entire army.

On October 2, 1961, "Military Training Newsletter" specially released an album to introduce Guo Xingfu's teaching experience, and expanded the circulation, from the original only to the regiment level and expanded to the company.The album contains the tactical training experience of the 2nd company, and Guo Xingfu's notes on individual offensive tactics as the squad leader.The editorial department also wrote the monograph "Strict and Lively".For the first time, Guo Xingfu teaching method was introduced and promoted to the whole army. This issue of "Military Training Newsletter" was also presented to the desk of Marshal Ye Jianying, who was in charge of military training at that time. Ye Jianying affirmed the creation of "Guo Xingfu Teaching Method". The "Military Training Newsletter" album also attracted the attention of the leaders of the Nanjing Military Region. Deputy Commander Wang Bicheng, who was in charge of training, immediately asked Guo Xingfu to perform in Nanjing.After Wang Bicheng read it, he repeatedly praised it, and immediately gave three instructions to the relevant departments of the military region. The region's troop tour; the third is to do a good job in the promotion of Guo Xingfu's teaching method. Just a few days after Guo Xingfu performed in the military region, Zhang Zongxun, the deputy chief of the general staff in charge of military training, was dispatched by Ye Jianying to Nanjing to watch Guo Xingfu's performance. The method is a matter of direction, and it is also a traditional training method of our army, which should be promoted. From March to October 1962, Guo Xingfu led his squad to perform dozens of performances in Guangzhou, Wuhan, and Shenyang Military Regions in addition to many performances in the Nanjing Military Region, and was warmly welcomed.Li Desheng specially sent a working group composed of military and political cadres to accompany Guo Xingfu's team on tour to help Guo Xingfu improve his thinking and professional level.Every time they set off and returned, Li Desheng and several leaders in the army would talk to Guo Xingfu, asking and encouraging him. After the dissemination of Guo Xingfu's teaching method, it promoted the rise of mass training in the whole army.In order to meet the needs of this situation, at the end of 1963, the General Staff held an on-site meeting in Zhenjiang with the participation of leading cadres from major military regions and military academies.Marshal Ye Jianying made a special trip to Zhenjiang to watch the performance of Guo Xingfu's individual offensive tactics. More than 30 years have passed since the "Guo Xingfu teaching method" that caused a sensation in the army back then, due to limited means of recording, there are not many real and vivid pictures left. Today's soldiers and ordinary people mostly only hear about Guo Xingfu's teaching method.So, what are the characteristics of Guo Xingfu's teaching method? First of all, there are various methods, teaching and practicing.Situational induction, individual teaching, comparison of right and wrong, and image teaching are important methods for Guo Xingfu to train his soldiers.Guo Xingfu didn't go straight to the situation, but "forced" the soldiers to use their brains to find a solution.He said to a soldier when something happened: "The enemy's semi-automatic gunner suddenly stopped shooting after firing eight or nine bullets at you. What should you do?" , the gun malfunctioned, and deliberately deceived... But the semi-automatic rifle can only hold 10 rounds of bullets at a time. Once Guo Xingfu was doing a demonstration action. When he was rushing forward, the "enemy" threw a grenade and landed beside him. He kicked the grenade away and continued to move forward.It was the soldier's turn to attack. The grenade flew over and landed 5 meters away from him. The soldier ran to kick the grenade.Guo Xingfu stopped immediately!Tell the soldiers that the grenade was close to me just now and I should kick it, but now it is far away from you, so I should not stay there, and I should avoid it as soon as possible, and buy time to rush over quickly.In this way, the fighters can understand the reason of every movement, instead of just acting and going through the motions. Practicing firing points, when the blaster rushed to the bunker with the explosive package, Guo Xingfu said that the detonator failed, and the blaster immediately removed the grenade and stuffed it into the perforation; Guo Xingfu also said that the perforation was blocked by barbed wire, and the blaster rolled on the spot Guo Xingfu also said that when the back door was closed, the blaster immediately took off the small shovel and pumped soil into the perforation, covering his comrades and blowing up the bunker. In teaching, Guo Xingfu not only explained comprehensively, but also grasped the key points and practiced intensively.He first thoroughly understood the essence of the subject, such as individual attack, the core of which is to train soldiers to be brave, witty, and flexible under the guidance of tactical situations, and skillfully use the five major techniques to learn to destroy the enemy and preserve their own skills.Focusing on this core content, Guo Xingfu will first give a comprehensive explanation, such as using topography and features, including open land, undulating land, ditches, ridges, bunds, graves, houses, field ridges, trees, etc.Among the many features, he also grasped the "package" above the ground and the "pit" below the ground. These two representative terrain features were repeatedly explained and drilled, so that the soldiers mastered their basic characteristics , can draw inferences from one instance, understand by analogy, and use it flexibly. If you use a soil bag, he first said that if you encounter bushes and a soil bag, you should use a soil bag, because it can not only conceal the body, but also be used as a shooting support.How to use it?He made it clear that the soil is divided into left, right and top, and the right side is generally used to shoot guns, because most people aim with their right hands and right eyes, so that most of the body can be concealed.But a few people are "left-handed". If you aim with your left eye, you have to shoot from the left.When the side cannot be observed, the top can be used. Although it is dangerous, the former is the main thing to destroy the enemy and save yourself, so you should shoot from the top.A soil bag told a lot of knowledge, and the details and comprehensiveness made the soldiers listen with gusto and were deeply impressed. Guo Xingfu has combat experience and has been specially trained in a military academy. Of course, he is much better than the soldiers, but he can also put down his airs, listen to the opinions of the soldiers with an open mind, and absorb the strengths of others, which is very rare.In a practice of using terrain and features, there was a broken wall as high as a person in front of it. Guo Xingfu wanted to use the right side of it, but a soldier in the class who liked to use his brain said: the broken wall is only as tall as a person, and there is a gap the size of a human head in the middle. , using the gap is more conducive to concealing the body and exerting firepower than on the right side.Guo Xingfu stepped forward with a gun and tried it, and sure enough, he overturned his plan and followed the advice of the battle. There was a soldier in the squad who charged cleanly and neatly, keeping his eyes on the "enemy" all the time, reloading and retreating bullets while charging.Guo Xingfu felt that he was not as good as him, so he humbly asked this soldier for advice, study hard and practice well.Whoever throws the grenade far, shoots the gun well, and stabs powerfully, he learns all of them, combines the strengths of the soldiers, and can demonstrate various movements during training. It is a fine tradition of our army to do political and ideological work well on the battlefield in a timely manner.Guo Xingfu also used it well during training.Once, he gave a soldier a situation: Now the enemy's firepower is fierce, and when the troops are about to launch an attack, they only hear the squad leader shout a password, and the rest of the words are drowned out by the gunshots. What should you do?The soldier jumped up, raised his gun and rushed forward.Guo Xingfu immediately praised the soldier for doing the right thing. He said: When charging the enemy, you must advance if you have an order, and you must actively advance without an order.It is necessary to promote the spirit of going forward bravely as in the war years. If the commander is injured or injured in the battle and there is no one to command the position, he should take the initiative to lead his comrades in battle. Once, Guo Xingfu led a demonstration class to conduct a drill. In the smoke of gunfire, he held a bayonet-mounted rifle, shouted to kill, and bravely rushed to the "enemy" trench. He shot left and right, killing two soldiers. An "enemy" rushed up from both sides, and then stabbed the "enemy" with a bayonet. At this moment, he suddenly stopped, and asked the following Zhanshang, "Do you want to be cruel to the enemy?" "Be ruthless!" "How cruel?" "Destroy him resolutely!" "Yes!" As he spoke, he shot through the grass target.Then he asked, "What if the bayonet breaks?" "Butt shot!" Guo Xingfu asked again: "The gun is broken!" "Stone touch!" "Hand pinch!" "Teeth bite!" The soldiers answered loudly. After Guo Xingfu demonstrated, the fighters started the drill in pairs.Like Guo Xingfu, they shot continuously while rushing up the mountain.A pair of fighters, as fast as a whirlwind and lightning, rushed up in only ten seconds at a distance of nearly 100 meters amidst the deafening shouts of killing, and completed their homework amidst gunpowder smoke and flames. Ye Jianying wrote a report to the Central Military Commission after watching the training performance of Guo Xingfu's squad, introducing Guo Xingfu's teaching methods and impressions.He wrote in the report: "Guo Xingfu's teaching method is the inheritance and development of our army's traditional military training methods, and it is the result of leadership training, mass support and his personal efforts." After receiving Ye Jianying's report, Luo Ruiqing, secretary-general of the Military Commission and chief of the general staff, immediately sent it to Mao Zedong and reported the situation face to face. Mao Zedong read the report carefully. When he saw the words "Train the soldiers to be red-minded, hard-working, skilled, tactical, and physically strong, all of them are like tiger cubs", he wrote them with a red pencil. He drew a line and said happily, "I am most interested in this one!" After reading the report, Mao Zedong said to Luo Ruiqing: "Ye Shuai found a good method." Because of Mao Zedong's high evaluation, the study of Guo Xingfu's teaching method has entered a new stage. On January 3, 1964, the Central Military Commission issued an instruction to the entire army, calling on the entire army to immediately launch a campaign to learn Guo Xingfu's teaching methods. In late January, Luo Ruiqing, chief of the general staff, rushed to Nanjing and presided over an on-site meeting to promote Guo Xingfu and Guo Hongfu's teaching methods throughout the army.The scale of this meeting was very large. The leaders of major military regions, military branches, and military academies who were in charge of training, as well as the commanders of the navy fleet, all the commanders of the army and air force, and the leaders of relevant departments at the headquarters participated in the meeting. There are more than 100 people. At the end of the meeting, Li Desheng also accompanied Luo Ruiqing to inspect the defense line of the 12th Army. Luo Ruiqing spoke highly of Li Desheng's training of Guo Xingfu as a model. After Luo Ruiqing returned to Beijing, he wrote a report to the Party Central Committee and Chairman Mao, saying: Guo Xingfu’s teaching method is very good in military and politics, theory and practice, action and thought, tactics and technology, drill and explanation, precept and example. .Starting from difficulties, strictness, and actual combat needs, teach students according to the individual.Praise is more than criticism, good at inspiring and inducing, making work more active, training soldiers, and using one's own mind.This teaching method can be said to be the teaching method of Marxism-Leninism.It is a teaching method based on Mao Zedong Thought. Since then, the large-scale military training and large-scale martial arts competitions of the whole army have entered an unprecedented climax. On June 15 and 16, 1964, Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Dong Biwu, Deng Xiaoping, He Long, Chen Yi and other party and state leaders reviewed the technical and tactical performances of the "Guo Xingfu-style" elite units of the Beijing Military Region and Jinan Military Region.Mao Zedong applauded every wonderful performance.After watching the grappling performance, Mao Zedong hit the sandbag with the portrait of Chiang Kai-shek a few times, and said, "Old friend, it's been a long time, I'll punch you too." The big martial arts competition in those years made the military camps on the whole of China present a spectacular scene of life and death. Many veterans who had experienced the big martial arts competition couldn't help but feel excited when they recalled the past. It was really a hot era! The upsurge of military competitions has also promoted the activities of "job training" in all walks of life in the local area.Teachers in many colleges and universities, middle and primary schools, also earnestly study Guo Xingfu's teaching method.Lin Biao, who was in charge of the daily work of the Military Commission at that time, also expressed his approval of Guo Xingfu's teaching method after reading Ye Jianying's report. However, later, out of personal ambition and selfish desires, in order to frame Luo Ruiqing, Lin Biao slandered with ulterior motives that "the military training impacted politics" and "made a wrong line", and suppressed the vigorous military training and martial arts competitions of the whole army. After the "Cultural Revolution" began, a large number of military leaders were persecuted.Guo Xingfu, a typical figure in the martial arts competition, was branded as a "counter-revolutionary" and subjected to continuous brutal criticism, forcing him to commit suicide in anger. After being rescued, he was imprisoned for a long time.It was not until after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee that the Central Military Commission officially rehabilitated Guo Xingfu and restored his party membership and military posts. History is just. The "Guo Xingfu Teaching Method" and "Great Martial Arts Competition" that emerged in the Chinese army in the early 1960s have passed the test of history and still have vigorous vitality and brilliance. Promoting the overall construction of the army still has important practical significance. As the discoverer and trainer of "Guo Xingfu's teaching method", Li Desheng, as the chief official of the birthplace of the "Great Martial Arts Competition", has made outstanding achievements, just as his achievements in the Shangganling Battle will be permanently recorded in military history. Tournament" and will shine with time.