Chapter 388 4. Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua led the uprising

Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua have been operating in Sichuan for many years, and they have conflicts with Chiang Kai-shek to varying degrees.On the one hand, Chiang Kai-shek used them to rule Sichuan, on the other hand, he regarded them as "dissidents" and tried every means to weaken their strength. In 1946, when the Kuomintang reorganized the army, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Liu Wenhui's 24th Army to be reduced to one division.Liu Yang violated Yin Yin, and refused to reduce a single soldier.Chiang Kai-shek asked him to go to Nanjing to serve as the director of the "Central Mongolian and Tibetan Committee" in an attempt to empty him, but was also rejected.

When Deng Xihou became the chairman of Sichuan Province in 1948, Jiang ordered him to transfer 100,000 dan of military rations for the front line, but Deng refused. In a rage, Jiang forced Deng to resign and let his confidant Wang Lingji take over as the chairman of Sichuan Province.Deng Xihou had no choice but to take up the post of deputy director of the Southwest Military and Political Chief's Office, which was just an empty title under Zhang Qun.Fortunately, his old army, the 95th Army, was still under his command, so Deng Xihou had to stay at home and wait for an opportunity. Pan Wenhua is Liu Xiang's old department and once served as the commander of the 28th Army.In the later period of the Anti-Japanese War, because he refused to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek in attacking Liu Wenhui, he was transferred by Chiang Kai-shek to be the director of the Appeasement Office in the Sichuan-Guizhou-Hunan-Hubei Border Region, and all the troops were transferred away by Chiang Kai-shek. In July 1948, when our army conquered Xiangfan, Chiang Kai-shek blamed him and removed him from the position of director. Like Deng Xihou, he was only given a short position.

These generals of the Sichuan Army had fought against the First and Fourth Front Army during the Long March of the Red Army. After the establishment of the united front of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party during the Anti-Japanese War, they had many contacts with our party and progressives. In February 1942, Zhou Enlai met Liu Wenhui in Chongqing, which greatly changed Liu's thinking. Afterwards, Zhou Enlai sent Wang Shaochun, an underground party member, to Ya'an to set up a secret radio station. Documents from Yan'an continued to flow in, making Liu Wenhui's relationship with the Communist Party more and more close.Deng Xihou had contacts with Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Peng Dehuai and others during the Anti-Japanese War. At the beginning of 1949, when Deng Xihou saw that the Kuomintang was over and was hesitating about his own future, Comrade Liu Lianbo, a member of the Eastern Sichuan underground party of the Communist Party of China, came to work and introduced to Deng the party's policy on uprising personnel.Zhang Lan, chairman of the Democratic League, also wrote a secret letter to Deng Xihou, asking him to prepare for the uprising as soon as possible.Tian Yiping, an underground member of the Communist Party of China, had served as a confidential adviser to Pan Wenhua for many years. He had a deep understanding of principles and policies, which made him deeply trusted by Pan and played an important role in the transformation of Pan Wenhua's thinking.

In September 1949, our army liberated the northwest and south-central regions one after another, and the center of gravity of the war has begun to shift to the southwest.Liu Wenhui had a clear understanding of the situation, and sent a secret telegram to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China expressing his intention to lead an uprising, and asked the Central Committee for instructions on future actions.Zhou Enlai replied to Liu Wenhui, pointing out that the army is about to point to the west, hoping to actively prepare for the uprising, and it is not appropriate to act prematurely and cause unnecessary losses.

Liu Wenhui conveyed Zhou's meaning to Deng Xihou and Pan Wenhua, and the three of them decided to cooperate closely to organize an uprising when the People's Liberation Army arrived, and studied ways to deal with Chiang Kai-shek. On November 29, Chiang Kai-shek fled from Chongqing to Chengdu, and Hu Zong's southern main force also gathered near Chengdu one after another, preparing to resist in western Sichuan.The situation in Chengdu suddenly became tense. On the afternoon of the 30th, Chiang Kai-shek convened a meeting with Zhang Qun, Wang Lingji, Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou and others in the North Campus of Chengdu to deploy the battle in western Sichuan.

Liu Wenhui adopted the strategy of "one push and two delays". On the surface, he obeyed Chiang Kai-shek's orders, but also said that his troops were scattered in various parts of Xikang, and it was difficult to gather for a while, and it was difficult to put out the fire near the water.Zhang Qun talked to Liu Wenhui twice, forced him to submit, and worked together with Hu Zongnan to fight together.He also stated that the family members of Liu Wenhui and Deng Xihou would be sent to Taiwan.Liu Wenhui and Deng Xihou politely declined, saying that even if they were defeated and fled, they would not leave their homeland in western Sichuan. (Liu Wenhui: "The Historical Road to the People's Camp", contained in the 33rd series of "Selected Materials on Literature and History")

Just when Liu Wenhui was being pressed by Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Qun, Zhou Enlai sent an instruction telegram from Beijing to Wang Shaochun in Ya'an: "Chongqing is liberated, and the situation in Sichuan is about to change. Please tell Mr. Liu Ziqian (Wenhui) that the time has come and there is no need to continue Wait. All the false orders of Jiang bandits must not only be resolutely rejected, but also take action in conjunction with Mr. Deng (Xihou), Sun (Zhen) and Mr. He Guoguang, in response to the four calls of the two generals Liu and Deng on November 21. Action The key is not to fall in love with Chengdu, but to guard Xikang and Xichang, and prevent Hu Zongnan and other troops from invading; in case of invasion, we should stop it at every step, and buy time, so that Liu and Deng's Liberation Army can cooperate to wipe out the enemy when they arrive." ("Chinese People's Army") Liberation Army Historical Materials Series - KMT Army Uprising and Surrender During the War of Liberation (Sichuan, Guizhou, Diankang Region) ") (From Liu Wenhui's memoirs, he was under the close surveillance of KMT secret agents in Chengdu at that time, and did not see Zhou Enlai's telegram in time— — Author Note)

On December 7, Chiang Kai-shek sent someone to notify Liu Wenhui and Deng Xihou, asking them to come to the North School to talk in the afternoon.Liu Wenhui realized that Chiang Kai-shek was going to do the last thing. Either he succumbed to Chiang and participated in the Battle of Western Sichuan as a funeral object; or he was a prisoner and was murdered by Chiang Kai-shek. Liu Wenhui and Deng Xihou decided to "thirty-six strategies, walking is the best strategy" and secretly left Chengdu.At noon that day, Deng Xihou took a shotgun, pretended to hunt birds in the city, and drove out of the north gate.Fearing that he would be stopped by Chiang Kai-shek's gendarmes, Liu Wenhui let his car go out of the north gate empty, while he climbed out from the gap in the city wall. With the support of two attendants, he stopped every five steps, rested every ten steps, and walked out of breath. Go to the Town God's Temple in the outskirts, meet Deng Xihou, and then drive to Peng County.

There is the garrison of Deng Xihou's 95th Army, and safety is guaranteed.Pan Wenhua arrived in Guan County on the 5th and got rid of Chiang Kai-shek's control.After discussion, everyone drafted a telegram on the 9th to announce the uprising.The uprising troops included Liu Wenhui's 24th Army, Deng Xihou's 95th Army, Pan Wenhua's 235th Division, and Xikang local troops with a total of more than 40,000 people. Chiang Kai-shek was shocked when he learned that Lu Han, Liu Wenhui and others had uprising on the same day.The rebellion of the local powerful factions in the southwest collapsed the foundation on which he attempted to resist in the southwest.