Chapter 249 Chapter 28 Liaoshen Campaign: Fighting against the black land and capturing the three eastern provinces

Northeast China - a magical, beautiful and rich black land. Because of its beauty and richness, since Tsarist Russia invaded Heilongjiang in 1643, this black land has been constantly invaded by foreign powers, especially after the "September 18th" incident in 1931, the three eastern provinces have been in dire straits among. In order to achieve complete victory in the international anti-fascist war, expedite the surrender of Japanese imperialism, and expel the Japanese aggression against China, in early August 1945, 1.5 million Soviet Red Army invaded the Northeast.With the overall victory of China's War of Resistance Against Japan, Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang stepped up to occupy the Northeast Liberated Areas with the support of the United States in order to seize the fruits of the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.

The fertile Northeast is not only a production base for agriculture and forestry, but also an ideal area for industrial development. Chiang Kai-shek is well aware of the importance of the Northeast. Since the September 18th Incident in 1931, the Northeast has fallen into the hands of the Japanese. It has been 14 years since Chiang Kai-shek never forgot to take back the Northeast as a "national humiliation".More importantly, if the Kuomintang gains the Northeast, it can attack the CCP from north to south, which is of great strategic significance. On August 14, the Kuomintang government and the Soviet government signed the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance." The treaty clearly declared that the Northeast would be handed over to the Kuomintang government.With the signing of the treaty, coupled with the strong support of the United States, Chiang Kai-shek has full confidence in taking back the Northeast.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, at an internal meeting, Chiang Kai-shek emphasized: "The fate of the Kuomintang lies in the Northeast, and the minerals, railways, and products covering the Northeast are all the best in the country." Strategically important areas and lines of communication are used to divide and compress the liberated areas, and to open access to the Northeast. According to the favorable provisions of the Sino-Soviet Treaty, troops are sent to occupy the entire Northeast. The Northeast is also crucial to the Communist Party.According to Chiang Kai-shek, if the Communist Party gains the Northeast, it will immediately change from a poor party to a rich party.The Northeast is connected to the Communist Party's Jireliao Liberated Area and faces the Shandong Liberated Area across the sea, so it has a special strategic position.If the Chinese Communist Party can control the Northeast and establish a Northeast base area, it will connect the Northeast base area with the North China base area, and use the strong economic strength of the Northeast to support and cooperate with the struggle of the liberated areas in the pass, which is of great significance to the final victory.

Mao Zedong pointed out in the report of the Seventh National Congress: "The Northeast issue is very important. From the perspective of our party and the future of the Chinese revolution, the Northeast is particularly important. Even if we lose all our existing bases, as long as we have Northeast China, then the Chinese revolution will have a solid foundation. Of course, the other base areas have not been lost, and we have the Northeast, so the foundation of the Chinese revolution will be even more solid. Why not consolidate it?" The leaders of both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party set their sights on that alluring black land.

At the same time, the Soviet Union and the United States also regarded China's Northeast as an outpost of confrontation for their own interests. After the defeat of Japan and the end of World War II, the political situation of the whole world changed.The United States changed from "isolationism" before the war to expanding to the world after the war, which is the so-called "globalism". At that time, the United States and the Soviet Union were in the "Cold War" stage.The main center of U.S. diplomatic activities is in Europe, but in terms of strategic interests and world strategy, China is the focus of U.S. Far East policy.The United States gained a dominant position in China, which could not only contain the development of Soviet forces in China, but also consolidate its position in Asia, so that it could concentrate its efforts on controlling Europe and ultimately achieve the goal of dominating the world.Therefore, after World War II, the United States adopted a policy toward China of "supporting Chiang Kai-shek and opposing the Communist Party," in an attempt to establish a unified, anti-communist, and pro-American China under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.

Truman said in "Memoirs": "The problem of communism in China is very different from the political problems in other places. What Chiang Kai-shek is facing is not a militant political minority scattered among the people of the country, but Facing a hostile government that controls part of the land and roughly a quarter of the population. We are in a position in China where we have few options. We cannot simply ignore the situation.” The Soviet Union was severely traumatized in the Second World War, and its economic and military power was far inferior to that of the United States. However, the Soviet Union played a major role in the Second World War, which significantly improved its international status.The existence of the socialist Soviet Union has played a deterrent role in the promotion of "globalism" by the United States.Under the historical conditions of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union at that time, the Soviet Union's China policy was determined based on its own strategic interests and the international strategy against the United States.

In February 1945, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom signed the "Yalta Agreement" involving China's sovereignty and interests without the participation of representatives of the Chinese government.Although this agreement played an important role in accelerating Japan's demise and ending World War II, it also seriously violated China's sovereignty and reflected the power policies of the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain towards China at that time. In the agreement, the Soviet Union agreed to formally declare war on Japan two or three months after the end of the war against Germany and send troops to the Northeast.For this reason, the political conditions obtained by the Soviet Union are mainly as follows:

1. The status quo in Outer Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) shall be maintained. 2. Restoration of the rights and interests of Russia deprived of by Japan in 1904, namely: 1. The southern part of Sakhalin Island and its adjacent islands will be handed over to the Soviet Union; 2. Internationalize Dalian Port and guarantee the superior rights of the Soviet Union in the port. The Soviet Union leased Lushun Port as a naval base; 3. The Middle East Railway and the South Manchuria Railway should be jointly operated by the Soviet-Chinese joint venture company, which must guarantee the superiority of the Soviet Union while China maintains full sovereignty in Manchuria.

3. The Kuril Islands should belong to the Soviet Union. Based on the above situation, China (the KMT and the Communist Party), the Soviet Union, and the United States launched an unprecedented contest on the black soil of Northeast China for their own interests, which eventually led to the Liaoshen Campaign.