Chapter 134 3. The "mushroom" tactic was proposed in the two-and-a-half-hole cave dwelling

Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi and others arrived in Wangjiawan on April 13, 1947.Stayed here for 57 days. Wangjiawan is located in a big valley away from the road.The village is small, with mountains on one side and rows of cave dwellings on the loess slope, with only a dozen or so families.At the bottom of the ditch is a small river named Shuangyang River, which winds around the village and flows northward.On the other side of the river is a mountain wall called Shizhai. The rocks are as red as fire and stand tall, becoming a screen of Wangjiawan. Under the sunlight at dusk, it looks more majestic.

After Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi and others came to Wangjiawan, this usually quiet small village suddenly became lively.The dwellings of the fellow villagers here were not spacious, so Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Ren Bishi, and Lu Ding had to squeeze into the two-and-a-half-hole cave dwelling vacated by the poor peasant Xue Ruxian in order not to cause more trouble to the fellow villagers. This is a cave dwelling with one entrance and two openings, black and black from the smoke.Mao Zedong lived in the kiln on the left.In addition to the soil kang, a willow table without a bucket, and two small log pier, a rectangular soil granary was built inside, and a row of sauerkraut jars was placed, which was almost full.Mao Zedong could only put a small kang table on the kang to work.

Zhou Enlai and Lu Dingyi lived in the aisle kiln at the entrance. They didn't even have a table. When they were working, they had to sit on a small wooden pier with a pot cover made of sorghum stalks on their knees (cover curtain). , Put telegrams and documents on the pat, and approve while watching.His legs were numb, so he leaned over the pot and continued to work. Ren Bishi lived in the small kiln on the right. It was a half kiln with a kang but no feet. The conditions were even worse, and he couldn't even straighten his waist. Under these difficult conditions, Mao Zedong often lay down on the small table late at night, carefully reviewing the telegrams, constantly marking the questions and figures in the report materials, calculating carefully, and thinking seriously.Whenever there was news of a major victory on the battlefield, Mao Zedong always held a kerosene lamp in one hand and a red and blue pencil in the other, leaning over the small kang covered with maps, carefully observing, fingering, and thinking.

Because the house is very crowded and there is only one door for entering and exiting, everyone concentrates on their work except for meetings, and there is no sound in the kiln.Zhou Enlai woke up early every morning and often coughed several times in a row. He always walked quickly outside the yard to cough so as not to disturb others. Due to the famine in Wangjiawan this year and the food shortage, Mao Zedong and the others lived a very difficult life in Wangjiawan.Once, Mao Zedong was walking along the Shuangyang River, and when he came to a secluded place in a deep ditch, he found gray vegetables growing on the edge of a small pond beside the ditch. The accompanying guard: "Look, what kind of vegetable is this?" The guard didn't know the name of this wild vegetable, so he shook his head.Mao Zedong said: "This dish is found in the south, but I seldom saw it after I came to the north. I ate it in my hometown, and I used it as a meal during the Long March!" People often eat this wild vegetable.

Under the difficult living conditions, Mao Zedong was still busy day and night directing the national liberation war. On April 15, after Mao Zedong drafted a telegram for the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to Peng Dehuai, Xi Zhongxun and others celebrating the complete annihilation of the 135th Brigade, he seriously thought about the combat policy in the Northwest battlefield.After thinking maturely, he drafted a telegram to Peng Dehuai, Xi Zhongxun and sued Zhu De and Liu Shaoqi: Peng Xi also told Zhu and Liu: First, the enemy is already quite tired, not very tired; the enemy's food is already quite difficult, but not extremely difficult.Since our army wiped out the 31st Brigade, although it has not wiped out a large number of enemies, it has achieved the goal of making the enemy quite tired and short of food within 20 days, which will provide favorable conditions for making the enemy very tired, cutting off food, and finally wiping out the enemy.

Second, the enemy's current policy is to drive the main force of our army to the east of the Yellow River regardless of fatigue and food shortages, then blockade Sui (Germany) rice (fat), and divide the troops to "clear and suppress".Therefore, the enemy Yinshi (March 21) went northward when he arrived at Qingjian, and his purpose was to give me a way to go; when he went westward to Wa (Yaobao) City, he drove me to Sui and Mi.Now that we found our army, we turned to the south and west of Washi, and then drove me north to Washi. Third, our policy is to continue the previous method and deal with the enemy in the current area for a period of time (about a month), the purpose of which is to make the enemy very tired and very short of food, and then look for opportunities to annihilate him.The main force of our army is not in a hurry to go north to fight Yulin, nor to go south to fight the enemy's rear. We should explain to the commanders and people that this method of our army is the only way to finally defeat the enemy.If the enemy is not exhausted and completely starved, it is impossible to win the final victory.This method is called "mushroom" tactics, wear the enemy to exhaustion, and then eliminate them.

Fourth, you are now located in the area east and north of Washi, and it is most advantageous to lead the enemy to the north of Washi; then you can attack the weak part of Liao Ang, and lead the enemy to the east; then you can turn to the direction of Ansai, and lead the enemy further west. Fifth, but within a few days, you should order the 359th Brigade (all) to complete the preparations for the southward attack, so that you can send it to the south a week later to take charge of the extended attack, south of the Yan'an line, and between Yichuan and Luochuan. In the area north of the line, cut off the enemy's grain transportation.

Sixth, whether the above opinions are correct or not. Mao Zedong April 15 This is the "Battle Policy on the Northwest Battlefield" that was later included in the fourth volume of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong".In this combat policy, Mao Zedong formally proposed the "mushroom" tactic.This is the result of correctly summarizing the combat experience of the Northwest People's Liberation Army after it withdrew from Yan'an and dealing with Hu Zong's south for more than 20 days.Ren Bishi once used a vivid metaphor to vividly illustrate Mao Zedong's "mushroom" tactics: "We are like Yangko dances on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. We go back and forth with the enemy and twist their braids. After a long time, we must drag him to death." He said: "Chairman Mao said when he left Yan'an: 'The enemy is like five pieces of tofu, put together, our appetite is not so big, we can't eat it; wait for him to spread out, and then eat one piece, It's easier." Now, we have used the 'mushroom' tactic to eat two pieces. The first piece is in Qinghuabian, the second piece is in Yangmahe, and the third piece is coming soon. We use this method If you eat another two yuan from him, you can counterattack." ("Biography of Ren Bishi")