Chapter 126 6. On the eve of the central government's withdrawal from Yan'an

On March 11, Hu Zong's southern army had assembled in the Yichuan and Luochuan areas, and a large-scale attack was imminent; the Northwest People's Liberation Army was several times smaller than the enemy, and the frontal defense was at a very disadvantageous position; while the People's Liberation Army in southern Shanxi, Northern Henan and other places The counter-offensive operation has not yet begun. Therefore, the Central Military Commission focused on the overall strategy, and resolutely made a major decision to temporarily abandon Yan'an, ordering the Northwest Liberation Army to implement mobile defense in the area south of Yan'an, and to fight step by step. , using "mushroom" tactics to deal with the enemy, and then pinpointing its weaknesses, concentrated forces to wipe them out one by one, and restrained the main force of the Hu troops in the northern Shaanxi battlefield, so that they could not play the role of the Kuomintang army's strategic reserve team, so as to benefit other battlefields The People's Liberation Army strikes and wipes out the enemy, recovers and expands the liberated areas.

Foreseeing that the major change from sticking to Yan'an to temporarily abandoning Yan'an will inevitably cause confusion in the minds of cadres and soldiers, the leaders of the central government have repeatedly explained to everyone in person. On March 14th and 18th, when Mao Zedong received some leading cadres of the army, he said: "If you save people and lose land, all people and land will survive; if you lose land, you will lose all people and land. This is an obvious truth. From the national war situation, the military forces of the enemy and ourselves In contrast, temporarily abandoning Yan'an will not damage the overall victory of the People's Liberation Army."

In order to strengthen combat readiness, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the Central Military Commission, and especially the Northwest Liberation Army, planned day and night, worked intensively, and took many powerful measures in due course: On January 31, 1947, an order was issued to form a field corps with the 1st column (under jurisdiction of the 358th brigade and the independent 1st brigade), the newly organized 4th brigade, the teaching brigade, and the 1st and 3rd security brigades, composed of Zhang Zongxun and Xi Zhongxun Served as commander and political commissar. On February 10, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Field Corps was formally established.

On March 6, specific deployments were made for the defense of Yan'an: use the Teaching Brigade and the 7th Regiment of the 3rd Brigade to resist Hu Zong's southern attack on the southern front, and cover the transfer and evacuation of institutions, groups, schools, hospitals and the masses in Yan'an .Among them, the 2nd Regiment of the Teaching Brigade defended Linzhen Town and Jinpen Bay; the 1st Regiment defended Nanniwan and Jiulongquan; After the battle in Longdong, the column quickly returned to the area south of Yan'an and was ready for use; it used local armed forces, guerrillas, and militia to go deep into the enemy-occupied area, actively carry out activities, and cooperate with the main force in operations.

On the 8th and 9th, Wang Zhen, the commander and political commissar of the 2nd Column of the Shanxi-Sui Military Region, led his troops (under the jurisdiction of the 359th Brigade and the Independent 4th Brigade) to cross the Yellow River westward as soon as possible and join the battle sequence of the People's Liberation Army in Northern Shaanxi. On the 17th, Wang's Ministry arrived in Yanchuan. On the 10th, Peng Dehuai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission and chief of the general staff, went to Nanniwan, Jinpenwan, Linzhen Town and other places to inspect the defense of the frontline troops, and held a meeting of cadres above the battalion in Chafang the next day to study the specific operations of blocking the Kuomintang army deploy.

On the evening of the 12th, after the Kuomintang planes bombarded Yan'an continuously and indiscriminately, in order to ensure that the party's leadership center can operate freely under any circumstances, the Central Committee fought.Central Party Secretary Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Ren Bishi, and Ye Jianying led the first department to leave Zaoyuan and move north to Wayaobao to work. Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai remained in Yan'an and moved from Zaoyuan to Wangjiaping People's Liberation Army Headquarters to work together with Peng Dehuai. To resist Hu Zong's southern attack, the Northwest Liberation Army urgently built a third fortification between Laoshan and Sanshilipu to Nanniwan and Shishilipu in early March, adding 44 miles of trenches and 3,664 scattered areas. Bingkeng, 531 firepower points.The first line of defense starts from Linzhen Town in the east, passes through Longquan Town, Qujiawan, and ends at Niuwu and Chafang in the west.The second line of defense starts from Jinpen Bay in the east, passes through Nanni Bay and Jiulong Spring, and ends at Yulin Bridge in the west.These two lines of defense were built before February 1947.

At the same time, the government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region actively carried out land reform, paid close attention to spring plowing and production, and vigorously mobilized and organized the masses to participate in and support the war. On March 8, an emergency mobilization meeting was held to defend the border area and defend Yan'an with more than 10,000 people from all walks of life in Yan'an. Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Peng Dehuai, Lin Boqu and others attended the meeting and delivered speeches, calling on the army and civilians to "emergency mobilize to defend the border area and defend Yan'an", " Defeat Chiang Kai-shek's offensive".A large number of young and middle-aged people have joined the army enthusiastically. The guerrillas and militias in various places have further improved their organization and carried out activities.