Chapter 65 Chapter 8 Zhangjiakou Defense War: Regardless of the Gains and Losses of One City and One Place

Zhangjiakou is the capital of the Jinchaji Border Region and the seat of the leadership of the Jinchaji Field Army.So, why did the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Field Army set up its leadership in Zhangjiakou? In late June 1946, with the support of the United States, Chiang Kai-shek tore up the "armistice agreement" and the "CPPCC resolution", and mobilized 300,000 troops. Starting from the siege of the Central Plains Liberated Area, he imposed an unprecedented civil war on the Chinese people. The Communist Party of China led the army and civilians in the liberated areas to rise up to resist, and a full-scale civil war broke out.

The Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Liberated Area leans on Wutai Mountain in the west, crosses the Central Hebei and Eastern Hebei Plains in the east, borders Zhengtai and Deshi Roads in the south, adjoins the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Liberated Area, and borders the Northeast region in the north. It is one of the earliest bases behind enemy lines established by the Communist Party in the Anti-Japanese War First, there is a good mass base.The Shanxi-Sui Liberated Area is bordered by the Yellow River in the west, the northern section of Tongpu Road in the east, and the Taiyue Military Region in the south.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, these two liberated areas surrounded and threatened the Kuomintang-occupied strategic areas such as Beiping, Tianjin, Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Taiyuan, and Datong, as well as the main transportation lines such as Pinghan, Jinpu, Pingsui, Beining, and Tongpu. After the civil war broke out, these two base areas became an important strategic direction for the Kuomintang's military offensive.

Before the outbreak of the all-out civil war, the troops deployed by the Kuomintang around the Jinchaji Liberated Area had a total of 8 army designations.Among them: Beipingyuan, headed by Li Zongren, commanded the 11th war zone centered on Peiping, with Sun Lianzhong as the commander, under the jurisdiction of the 92nd Army, stationed in Pingjin and Eastern Hebei; the 3rd Army, stationed in Shijiazhuang and Huolu; The 16th Army is stationed in Beiping, Nankou, and Qinglongqiao areas; the 94th Army is stationed in Tianjin, Tangshan, and Cangxian areas.Northeast Xingyuan, with Xiong Shihui as the director, commanded the 13th Army, stationed in Chengde, Fuxin, and Pingquan; the 93rd Army, stationed in Chaoyang and Jire and the Liao border area; the 53rd Army, stationed in Linyu and Changli.In addition, the 33rd Army commanded by Yan Xishan as the commander-in-chief of the 2nd theater and Ma Zhanshan's advance army were stationed in Datong; the reorganized 40th Division of the 19th Army was stationed in Xin County.In total, the troops used to attack the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border area consisted of 7 corps and 18 divisions of the regular army, with 162,000 people.Relying on big cities such as Pingjin as strategic support points, the aforementioned Jiang army controlled Beining, Jinpu (north of Cang County), Pinghan (north of Shijiazhuang), Pingcheng (Peking to Miyun), Pingsui (Peking to Qinglongqiao) and Zhengtai Road and other traffic lines, in coordination with the Fu Zuoyi Department of the 12th theater, formed a division and encirclement of the Jinchaji Liberated Area.

In order to prepare for the Kuomintang's military offensive, under the leadership of the commander and political commissar Nie Rongzhen, deputy commander Xiao Ke, and deputy political commissar Luo Ruiqing, the Jinchaji Military Region reorganized its troops in accordance with the deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission. And rectification, the local army and guerrillas were promoted to field troops. By March 1946, the field army of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region had been organized into four columns: the first column, commander Yang Dezhi, political commissar Su Zhenhua, under the jurisdiction of the first, second, and third brigades; the second column, commander and political Committee member Guo Tianmin, deputy commander and chief of staff Han Wei, under the jurisdiction of the 4th and 5th brigades; the 3rd column, commander Yang Chengwu, political commissar Li Zhimin, under the jurisdiction of the 7th and 8th brigades; the 4th column, commanders Chen Zhengxiang, Political commissar Hu Yaobang, under the jurisdiction of the 10th and 11th brigades.

By June, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central Military Commission, decided to establish a leading body for the field army of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region in Zhangjiakou. member, Luo Ruiqing as political commissar, Geng Biao as chief of staff, Pan Zili as director of the political department, and Li Bo as deputy chief of staff. Under the jurisdiction of 6 regiments.The local army is divided into six secondary military regions: Jijin, Jicha, Jizhong and Jidong, Rehe, and Reliao.Each military region has jurisdiction over 2 independent brigades and 1 garrison regiment.A total of 3 field columns (excluding the 1st column) and 6 secondary military regions have a total of more than 270,000 troops.