Chapter 27 Chapter 4 Siping Defense War: The First Large-Scale Urban Defense War Precedent

After the Kuomintang and the Communist Party signed the "October 10 Agreement" in 1945, domestic demonstrations demanding an end to the civil war surged one after another. The United States, the Soviet Union and other major countries also strongly opposed China's continuation of the war. Under international and domestic pressure, The Kuomintang government had to return to the negotiating table once again. On January 10, 1946, representatives of the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang government formally signed an armistice agreement.Marshall signed on behalf of the U.S. government, Zhou Enlai on behalf of the Chinese Communist Party, and Zhang Qun on behalf of the Kuomintang government.On the day the armistice agreement was signed, the Political Consultative Conference was held in Chongqing.

After the signing of the armistice order, there was a short period of relative calm across the country, but the military aggression of the Kuomintang army did not stop completely.Outside the pass, they stepped up their troop movement and deliberately provoked a large-scale civil war on the pretext of "exception" in the Northeast; inside the pass, they attacked the liberated areas by encroaching.This situation has intensified, forming a serious situation of "big fights outside the pass and small fights inside the pass". In early February 1946, the New 1st Army and the New 6th Army of the Kuomintang Army successively entered the Northeast, disregarding the truce order, and launched a new attack on the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army along Beining Road. I resisted stubbornly and the attack was frustrated.In order to adjust the deployment of troops, the Northeast Kuomintang Army temporarily stopped its military offensive from late February to early March 1946. Its New 6th Army, 52nd Army, and 13th Army were stationed in Panshan, Liaozhong, Shenyang, Heishan, and Yebaishou (now Lingzhou). source) area to rectify and prepare for a new offensive. In March, with the 71st Army of the Kuomintang Army (under the jurisdiction of the 87th Division, the 88th Division, and the 91st Division), the 60th Army (under the jurisdiction of the Temporary 21st Division, the 182nd Division, and the 184th Division), and the 5th Division of the 94th Army successively Entering the Northeast, the strength of the regular army of the Northeast Kuomintang Army has increased from more than 140,000 in January to more than 240,000.This situation shows that the situation in the Northeast will further deteriorate, and a big fight in the Northeast is inevitable.

In mid-February, Xiong Shihui, the director of the Northeast Camp appointed by the Kuomintang government, refused to negotiate with the CCP representative Ye Jianying on the Northeast issue in Beiping.The Kuomintang determined the policy of dominating the Northeast with armed forces, provoking a nationwide civil war, and attacking the People's Liberation Army from the north to the south.In the Northeast, they refused to recognize the political and military status that the CCP had acquired, and attempted to use the "Sino-Soviet Treaty" to squeeze or eliminate the Chinese Communist Party and the people's army under its leadership from the Northeast by virtue of military superiority and US assistance.

Faced with this situation, Liu Shaoqi instructed the Northeast Bureau on February 15: "It is very obvious that the Kuomintang still adheres to the policy of resolving the Northeast issue by force. Everything you do determines whether you can defeat Chiang Kai-shek's attack." On March 5, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China In the instructions to the Northeast Bureau, it was pointed out: "Before the diplomatic issue in the Northeast was resolved, Chiang Kai-shek used the troops he had entered the Northeast to attack me in an attempt to defeat my military power in the Northeast, and wanted to hand over more cities in the Northeast diplomatically. Accepted by Jiang, so that in the future negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party will have more legal basis to force us to make concessions. Therefore, the military confrontation between Jiang and our side in the Northeast will continue for a period of time. The Jiang army may attack Ximan and Nanman Tongliao in the near future. As well as Liaoyang, Anshan, Yingkou, Haicheng, Benxi, Fushun and other places...you must quickly prepare for the battle to crush the Jiang army's attack, and you must be prepared to continue the struggle after the above-mentioned areas are occupied by the Jiang army."

On March 12, Liu Shaoqi instructed the Northeast Bureau: "After the Soviet army retreats, the military situation in the Northeast is about to become tense. You must win a few battles. Only when Jiang's army is in a difficult situation in the Northeast will Jiang's army join us. Compromise with us under acceptable conditions. Now you should be ready to crush Chiang’s attack.” On March 22, the Soviet government sent a note to Wang Shijie, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kuomintang government, and decided to “complete the retreat from Manchuria by the end of April.” On March 23, in order to compete for the strategic areas along Beining Road and Shenchang Road, Mao Zedong called the Northeast Bureau and Lin Biao: You should immediately break Beining Road and Changchun Road near Shenyang. The sooner and the wider the better, the later is useless.At the same time, immediately mobilize the entire army to insist on completely annihilating the Kuomintang offensive troops during the movement and when its foothold is not stable.The more the better, no hesitation in heavy casualties (for example, 10,000 to 20,000 people), to achieve a big victory, so as to facilitate negotiations and the future.

On the 25th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China once again emphasized in the "Instructions on Resolutely Defending Strategically Important Sites Before the Armistice" issued to Lin Biao and Peng Zhen that the unconditional armistice agreement in Northeast China may be signed within a few days. , in an attempt to control more important strategic resource areas, and you should do everything possible, at the expense of heavy sacrifices, to defend strategic areas, especially northern Manchuria....Changchun, Harbin, Qiqihar and other places, you must wait until the Soviet army retreats. Control it within two days."