Chapter 47 8. Build a transportation network and hoard combat supplies

Improving transportation conditions and storing and operating war materials are also important tasks in anti-landing operations preparations, which are mainly completed by the Volunteer Army Railway Engineering Unit, Railway Repair and Transport Unit, and Rear Service Units. In early December 1952, the Central Military Commission was about to improve the railway traffic conditions in North Korea. As an important task in preparing for the anti-landing operations, it decided to build a new line from Guseong - Stadium - Dechuan, and at the same time improve the original line from Ji'an to the stadium. In case the Gyeongui Line close to the west coast is damaged, smooth transportation is still guaranteed in the interior of North Korea.

In order to accomplish this task, in mid-December 1952, the Volunteer Army’s New Railway Command Bureau was established in Shenyang, with Guo Weicheng as the director, who was responsible for the command of the new railway under the leadership of the Front Railway Transportation Command.In January of the following year, the China-North Korea New Railway Command Bureau was established on the basis of the Volunteer Army's New Railway Command Bureau, with Guo Weicheng as the director and Kim Sang-in (North Korea) as the first deputy director.At the same time, a New Railway Council was formed with the North Korean Cabinet Minister of Railways Park Yiwan as the chairman and Liu Juying, the forward transportation commander of the China-DPRK Joint Railway Transportation Command, as the vice chairman, responsible for supervising the construction of the new railway.

The newly-built railway sections from Guicheng to Dechuan and from Jiachuan to Yinshan were opened to traffic in mid-April, and thirty-five temporary bridges were newly built on the original railway lines, with four detours.The newly built railway line connects the three main railway lines of Gyeongui (Seoul to Sinuiju), Manpo (Manpo to Seopo) and Pyeongwon (Pyongyang to Wonsan) in the deep area of ​​North Korea.In this way, the transportation pressure on the Sinanju, Gacheon, and Seopo triangular railways north of Pyongyang on the west coast is reduced, and uninterrupted transportation can still be guaranteed even when the Gyeongui Line on the west coast is cut off.By the end of March, 566 kilometers of roads had been built and widened, and 47 road bridges had been erected.The difficult transportation situation of the Volunteer Army and the People's Army has been greatly improved.It has formed a transportation network that connects back and forth, connects left and right, connects one to the other, and connects to the other, which effectively guarantees the transportation.

In order to ensure the storage and transportation of materials for anti-landing operations, the Volunteer Army’s railway repairs, transport troops, and the Volunteer Army’s logistics system have made great efforts. The Volunteer Army Railway Front Transport Command and Railway Repair Headquarters, according to the mission and the railway damage situation, adjusted the deployment many times, actively repaired railway bridges, stations and lines, and ensured smooth railway transportation. Under the protection of the emergency repair troops, under the cover of the air force and anti-aircraft artillery units, the railway transportation in the first quarter of 1953 created the highest record of wartime Korean railways.In this quarter, a total of 377,555 vehicles were received from China, which was three times that of the first quarter of 1951 and twice that of the fourth quarter of 1952.The transfer of troops in the first quarter also reached the highest record of personnel transportation in North Korea during the war.

Due to preparations for anti-landing operations, the number of volunteer troops in North Korea has increased by about one-third, and the stockpiling and demand for materials have greatly increased. In particular, the preparation of materials must be carried out according to the most serious situation where the railway transportation line may be cut off.It is very difficult to complete such a heavy task in a short period of time.In order to ensure the completion of the task, the Volunteer Army Rear Service Command held an enlarged meeting of the party committee from December 23 to 25, 1952. It was required to ensure both supply and the completion of the hoarding task. The army can use enough combat materials and food for four months to rush, transport and hoard tasks. In terms of time, it is only allowed to advance and not to be behind, and in terms of tasks, it is only allowed to exceed and not to reduce.In order to strengthen Zhihou's leadership, in January 1953, the Central Military Commission appointed Wu Xianen as the deputy commander of the rear service command.

The Central Military Commission dispatched four car regiments from the Northwest, East China, and Central South Military Regions in the country, and added nine car repair platoons to Zhihou.The number of automobile regiments directly under Zhihou has reached 17, and the transportation capacity of automobiles has increased significantly.Zhihou deployed a car regiment, two hospitals, and four sub-stations to strengthen the support force of the 5th Division, focusing on the supply and material hoarding of the six armies on the west coast.The Central Military Commission also transferred three hospitals and 14 medical teams to the west coast.

With the joint efforts of railway engineering units, railway repair and transportation units, and logistics systems, by the end of March, the total ammunition stockpile had reached more than 123,800 tons, exceeding 65.2% of the ammunition stockpile at the end of December 1952. More than 43,600 tons, each artillery division has an average reserve of 1,074 tons; the total grain stockpile reaches more than 248,000 tons, which can be used by the volunteers for eight and a half months; the stock of horse feed can be used for five and a half months by the entire army; Military food for six and a half months, salt for eight and a half months, vegetables for five and a half months, meat for three and five days; gasoline reserves for four months of consumption.The supply reserves of each army are more than two months.The anti-landing combat materials preparation work was successfully completed, and sufficient combat materials were also provided for the volunteer army's summer counterattack campaign.