Chapter 34 Chapter Thirty-Three Let China Continue to Fight at All Costs

In the second half of 1943, the world anti-fascist war saw the dawn of victory. On the Soviet-German battlefield, the victory of the Battle of Stalingrad brought the Soviets through the darkest stage of the war.The German Sixth Army, Romania's Third and Fourth Armies, and Italy's Eighth Army were wiped out by the Soviets.The total strength of the German army on the Soviet-German battlefield was reduced to more than 5.2 million, while the total strength of the Soviet army increased to more than 6.4 million, and the number of aircraft and tanks also exceeded that of the German army.In order to reverse the unfavorable battlefield situation, Hitler planned a campaign code-named "Fortress", preparing to invest 10,000 artillery pieces and mortars, 2,700 tanks and self-propelled artillery pieces, 2,050 combat aircraft and nearly 900 soldiers. 100,000 army troops.Fifty of the most combat-effective divisions are attached to many independent combat units as the main attack, forming the Central Army Group commanded by Marshal Kluge and the Southern Army Group commanded by Marshal Manstein. The flanks of the battlefield cooperate with the attack.The Soviet Supreme Command decided to launch a large-scale counter-offensive operation after partial defense. The troops involved were the Central Front Army commanded by General Rokossovsky, the Voronezh Front Army commanded by General Vatutin, and General Malinovsky. The Southwest Front Army under the command of General Popov, the Bryansk Front Army under the command of General Popov, and the Steppe Front Army under the strategic reserve of the base camp under the command of General Konev have a total strength of more than 1.3 million troops, and at the same time invested 20,000 artillery pieces and mortars 3,444 tanks and self-propelled artillery, and 2,172 combat aircraft.

On July 5th, the largest battle in World War II - the Battle of Kursk - broke out suddenly.On the first day after the start of the battle, the German army invested all its basic troops, but suffered heavy casualties from the unprecedented heavy artillery bombardment of the Soviet army.The two sides immediately launched a huge melee of tanks, infantry and fighters.On the seventh day of the battle, the Soviet army basically suppressed the German offensive without using the strategic reserve force. The German army only wedged into the Soviet defensive position for ten to twelve kilometers after paying huge casualties.In order to take Kursk, the German army concentrated its forces on a surprise attack, and the Soviet army also concentrated its forces on this point to counterattack.On the 12th, the largest tank encounter in World War II broke out. More than 2,000 tanks and self-propelled artillery from both sides participated in the battle. However, the German army lost more than 400 tanks and more than 10,000 tanks on the first day. Officers and soldiers were killed.Then, the Soviet army launched a full-scale counter-offensive. The various army groups made rapid assaults, and launched a fierce attack on the German army along the 1,500-kilometer front in the direction of Smolensk, Donbass, Kyiv, and Kremenchug. .After a series of battles such as the Battle of Orel, the Battle of Donbass, and the Battle of the Dnieper River, the Soviet Army severely damaged the German Army's 128 combat divisions, equivalent to half of the German Army's total army strength on the Soviet-German battlefield. Advancing 300 to 600 kilometers westward, regained the Ukrainian region on the left bank of the Dnieper River and the North Caucasus, and began to advance to the right bank of the Dnieper River and the Belarus region-the day when the German army was driven out of the Soviet Union is not far away.

In the Mediterranean battlefield, after the Allied occupation of North Africa, Italy was completely exposed to attack.On July 10, the Allies launched an offensive campaign against Sicily, where nine divisions of the Italian army and two divisions of the German army were stationed on the island.The Fifteenth Allied Army, which governs the Eighth Army of the British Army under the command of Admiral Montgomery and the Seventh Army of the U.S. Army under the command of Admiral Patton, has 13 divisions with nearly half a million troops, more than 4,000 combat aircraft, and three ships. More than 1,200 ships.After the start of the battle, the Allied forces landed on the coast of Sicily against strong winds and waves. The demoralized Italian army collapsed. The German and Italian troops killed and injured 33,000 people, captured 132,000 people, and 100,000 people fled back to Italy. native.On August 18, the Allied forces captured the entire island of Sicily, and have since then mastered the control of the Mediterranean Sea.

Then, the Eighth Army of the British Army forcibly crossed the Strait of Messina and rushed to the Italian mainland.With the general situation gone, chaos broke out in Italy, and Mussolini was detained.On September 29, representatives of the United Kingdom, the United States and Italy signed the "Italy Surrender Instrument", and Italy announced that it would fall to the Allied side. On the Pacific battlefield, since May 1943, the Allied forces have successively launched a comprehensive counter-offensive against the Japanese in the North Pacific, South Pacific and Southwest Pacific.The Allied forces, which had initially gained control of the air and sea, adopted the method of crossing the islands and continuously attacked the weakly defended islands of the Japanese army in the rear. As a result, the Japanese troops on the islands in front gradually lost their support, and the initiative of the war fell completely in the hands of the Allies.In August, the Japanese army had to withdraw from the Aleutian Islands and shrink the defense line in the North Pacific to the Kuril Islands.In the South Pacific, the Solomon Islands, the New Georgia Islands, and the southeastern part of New Guinea, which the Japanese army tried to defend, were successively conquered by the Allied forces. Many ships and more than 8,000 combat aircraft.In the southwest Pacific, Rabaul, the main strategic support point of the Japanese army on the island of New Britain, was completely under the control of the Allied navy and air force.The Truk Islands, a strategic location for the Japanese army in the Central Pacific, also lost their barriers. ——The offensive operations of the Allied Forces in the Pacific Ocean have achieved a complete victory, and the channel for counterattacking the Philippines has been opened.

In September 1943, the Japanese had to re-examine the "world situation" and "strategic strategies": Strategically, the speed and scale of the U.S. counteroffensive in the Pacific are much faster and stronger than we expected.Consequently, our various campaigns, which attempted to expand our initial operational gains—Midway, Guadalcanal, and the islands in the southeast Pacific—were unsuccessful and severely depleted the Japanese forces prepared to exert pressure on Britain .On the other hand, in terms of political strategy, the retreat of the German and Italian armies from North Africa was a turning point, which led to the unfavorable situation that Italy broke away from the three-nation axis, and even the basic idea of ​​Japan, Germany, and Italy collaborating in joint operations also collapsed.

On the 25th, the Japanese army base camp and the government cabinet held a joint meeting, and finally drafted the "Guidelines for Warfare to Be Adopted in the Future", and submitted it to the imperial court convened by the emperor on the second day after Italy announced its surrender—September 30. The meeting is confirmed. The "Guiding Outline" decided that Japan must withdraw from the "intense war of attrition" in the southeast Pacific, and "take the time" to establish an "absolute defense circle" as the last line of defense, during which "rapidly enrich the aviation force as the center" The combat effectiveness of the army and navy", "resolutely use its own strength" to fight to the death with Britain and the United States.

policy 1. With the goal of determining the general situation of the war within this year, the Empire will destroy the offensive attempts of the United States and Britain, quickly establish a strategic posture that will surely win, and rapidly increase its decisive combat power, especially its aviation combat power, to actively carry out the decisive battle against the United States and Britain. 2. The Reich cooperated closely with Germany, moved towards the completion of the common war, and then sought to improve relations with the Soviet Union. 3. Quickly establish a domestic decisive battle situation and strengthen the unity of Greater East Asia.

Essentials 1. Overcoming all difficulties, with the goal of mid-1944, establish a strategic posture to deal with the US and British attacks and destroy the enemy's counterattacks at any time.In the conduct of the imperial war, the key areas that should be absolutely guaranteed in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are hereby determined to include the Kuril Islands, the Ogasawara Islands, the Inner Southeast Asia, the western New Guinea, the Sunda Strait, and Burma (absolute national defense lock up). During the whole period of the war, ensure maritime traffic within the circle. 2. Regarding the Soviet Union, try to avoid causing a war between Japan and the Soviet Union, so as to improve the diplomatic relations between Japan and the Soviet Union and actively mediate the peace between Germany and the Soviet Union.

3. To continue to oppress China, it is especially necessary to restrain the air strikes from the Chinese mainland on the mainland of the empire and the obstruction of sea traffic, and to solve the Chinese problem promptly. 4. With regard to Germany, all means must be exhausted, and close cooperation must be sought, but it must not cause war against the Soviet Union. 5. For the countries and nationalities of Greater East Asia, it is necessary to grasp the hearts of the people and ensure the guidance of the empire's joint war. Sixth, the relationship between the commander-in-chief and state affairs must be closer.War guidance must be more flexible.

7. In order to quickly assemble and exert the total domestic combat power, it is necessary to stop the decisive battle strategy, increase the decisive battle power, especially the aviation combat power, and exert the high morale of the whole country in the face of disaster. 8. Under the consistent policy, strengthen the propaganda strategy against the enemy. The key points are: promote the morality of the Axis powers, thoroughly implement the Greater East Asia policy, make the main enemy the United States lose its will to fight, drive apart the United States, Britain, China, and the Soviet Union, and promote Indian independence and more.

From a military point of view, the Japanese strategic intention has been unable to achieve. In the southeast Pacific, the Marshall Islands, the Gilbert Islands, the northern Solomon Islands, and the eastern part of New Guinea, which were maintained by the Japanese army at the cost of heavy casualties, were all on the verge of collapse.Faced with the situation on the battlefield where the Allied forces were far superior to the Japanese army in naval and air combat power, it was difficult for the Japanese army to secure these occupied areas for a long time even if they invested more troops.Therefore, the "absolute defense circle" had to be shrunk from Madang, New Guinea, across the Bismarck Sea, to the line of Rabaul and Bougainville Island.The Japanese were determined to stick to the line. ——However, "In this way, the nature of operations on the southeast front will change into a comprehensive and protracted war in the future, and our more than 300,000 occupying troops on this front centered on Rabaul will have to gradually fall into a state of isolation." Japan's military strength began to stretch.The battered navy and naval aviation were no longer able to match the Allies, and the army could not be replenished due to the depletion of domestic reserves.In September 1943, of the approximately 70 divisions of the Japanese Army, only five were deployed in the Pacific region due to the containment of the Chinese battlefield and the expansion of the occupied areas in Southeast Asia, most of which were stationed in the South Pacific or Southwest China. scattered islands in the Pacific Ocean.Due to the weakening of the navy and air force, the supply difficulties of the island troops, and the shortage of equipment, the Japanese army on the island still relied heavily on the bayonet, a weapon for hand-to-hand combat, until the end of the war.Japan's wartime economic system also faced difficulties.The Japanese government promulgated the "Municipal Enterprise Law", which forcibly listed companies in industries such as metal mining, coal, gas, and electric power related to the production of aircraft and ships as military enterprises.Although it temporarily stimulated the production of arms, it soon became unsustainable due to the serious shortage of local resources.Coupled with the impact of the decline in the Chinese battlefield and the Pacific battlefield, the industrial raw materials Japan plundered from China and Southeast Asian countries suddenly decreased.The cost of maintaining the war continued to skyrocket, causing Japanese civilians to suffer greatly: the serious shortage of rural labor force led to a reduction in food production year after year, and the three taels of rice rationed per person per day turned into brown rice with rice husks; the production and supply of civilian cotton fabrics also decreased. Severely atrophied, the cotton cloth that civilians buy each year according to their rations is not enough to make even a baby's clothes.The Japanese government began to mobilize the people to increase food production and simplify clothing. At the same time, the Japanese government established the "Outline of the System for Mobilizing Students in Wartime", that is, mobilizing students to serve in the army. After the outbreak of the Pearl Harbor incident, the rare production capacity achieved by the U.S. arms industry stunned the Germans and Japanese.The United States, which has strong industrial manufacturing capabilities, technological capabilities, and capital capabilities, once its arms production is opened, the production line will sweep in like a torrent of steel, and American-made aircraft, ships, tanks, and artillery will be continuously transported to the Allied forces. On various battlefields, the Jin Yuan Empire quickly became the most spectacular arms factory in the world, and the huge national capabilities unleashed by the United States became a century-old nightmare for German, Italian, and Japanese fascists.Since 1942, all companies related to military production in the United States have been producing arms at full capacity.After General Motors received the order to produce tanks, it took less than a month to drive tanks equipped with V8 engines off the production line; Ford Motor Company manufactured thousands of four-engine B-24 bombers, tens of thousands of aircraft engines, Hundreds of thousands of tanks quickly appeared on the European and Pacific battlefields; since the Douglas Aircraft Manufacturing Company delivered the first R4D-1 fighter plane in February of this year, it was delivered to the U.S. military within two years with unprecedented production capacity. Fang's fighter planes are as high as 30,000.In 1942, the output of American tanks reached 30,000, far exceeding that of Germany and the Soviet Union. Therefore, the British did not need to consider the loss of tanks on the North African battlefield, and only had to fight the Germans desperately.In the Battle of Alamein, the British army lost more than 500 tanks, and the German army lost more than 400. The losses were almost equal, but the German tanks were exhausted, and the British army still had more than 600 brand new American tanks. enabled.At the end of 1942, the United States produced over 47,000 aircraft of various types, while Germany produced over 15,000 and Japan over 8,000.Throughout World War II, the United States produced more than 200,000 aircraft, while Japan produced only more than 70,000. ——The shift in air superiority between the Japanese and Allied forces was, first of all, the shift in the number of fighters.What shocked the world even more was the US ship production capacity.In factories in the United States, an average of three aircraft carriers are launched every month. After 1941, the United States has launched a total of 131 aircraft carriers, 10 battleships, 48 ​​cruisers, and more than 800 destroyers and frigates. ships and more than 200 submarines.During the same period, Japan only manufactured 17 aircraft carriers, 22 battleships, 9 cruisers, 63 destroyers and more than 100 submarines. ——The number of Japanese surface ships is only a fraction of that of the United States, and there is no suspense about the outcome of the war in the Pacific Ocean. The huge military production capacity has created a powerful US military.At this time, the total number of U.S. troops has exceeded 10 million, and the unit firepower density exceeds that of any country in the world.When the Allied forces launched the famous Normandy landing in order to counterattack the European continent, tens of thousands of Allied planes almost covered the sky over the coast of Normandy, while the Germans had only 400 fighting planes.On the Pacific battlefield, under the attack of the overwhelming aerial bombs of the U.S. military, no matter how tenacious the Japanese army and navy are, they can only be collectively "broken jade" - Japan's few remaining naval ships and aircraft eventually shrank to the vicinity of the Japanese mainland Defending the emperor went. The high profits of arms production strongly stimulated the economic development of the United States.Since 1941, the annual growth rate of American industrial production has reached as high as 12%, and the ratio of industrial production and foreign trade exports have doubled. This has made the United States, which holds two-thirds of the world's gold reserves, quickly become a veritable country. world's most powerful country. I don't know if the Japanese insist on designating the United States as the "main enemy" and are determined to "lose the fighting spirit" in the United States under such circumstances. Although the focus of operations of the Allied forces is still in Europe, the Chinese battlefield is becoming more and more important to the Allied forces, especially the US military in the Pacific region.People with a little military common sense need only look at a map of Asia to realize how vast a land-based base the Chinese mainland on the Pacific coast will be for the Allied forces on the Pacific battlefield.Not to mention that the Chinese battlefield held back most of the Japanese military power. As far as the flanks of the Pacific battlefield are concerned, once China loses its huge support, no matter how powerful the United States is, it will be difficult to talk about hitting the Japanese mainland. ——Americans don't begrudge anything, they are afraid that too many Americans will die. The United States has become closer to China than ever before. At this time, the U.S. military on the Chinese battlefield, except for the members of the military advisory group, the technicians and military instructors who aided China, the main combat force was the Fourteenth Air Force, which was stationed in Guilin, Guangxi, China. Surrounded by strange peaks and clear waters, Guilin City has been a scenic spot in China since ancient times.After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the small town showed a variety of strange tastes: here is the gathering place of the anti-Japanese forces of all parties in China, the party and government agencies of the Kuomintang, the offices of the Communist Party, the headquarters of democratic parties and civil organizations are located next to each other; In the areas with the most freedom of speech, there were all kinds of literary and artistic teams to promote the Anti-Japanese War, and various publications edited and printed were popular all over the country.People from all walks of life in China are mixed here—officials, wealthy businessmen, wounded soldiers, deserters, refugees and wandering literati. Most of them came to escape the flames of war.Among the refugees, Hong Kong refugees are the most conspicuous. They opened cafes named "Blue Bird" or "Lotte" and consigned and sold electric ovens, British table lamps, coffee pots, tennis rackets, etc. they brought from Hong Kong.These wealthy Hong Kongers are nothing like refugees: In the evening, these people often wear their "one set" of beautiful clothes and crowd the main north-south street in the city, chatting, flirting, spreading gossip, or commenting on others.The girls were dressed in style, Chinese or Western, occasionally in skirts or slacks, and the boys were Western in tropical attire with shawls or brightly colored sportswear.Guilin was the only city in the wartime interior to defy the New Life Movement's ban on pop music.In public places such as movie theaters and cafes, radios and gramophones played harsh Chinese operas, Shanghai jazz music, and even old American love songs loudly.In the heartland of ancient China, seeing such a scene and hearing such music inevitably makes one feel strange. However, the most bizarre scenery in Guilin is the U.S. military that can be seen everywhere.The air force base here is stationed by the US Fourteenth Air Force, and there are still many US troops passing through here.Almost all Americans were stunned by the strangely-shaped lush hills near Guilin. American officers and soldiers thought that these hills could be mounted on wheels, and when Japanese planes attacked, they could push these hills around as barriers.Americans call Guilin the "Paris of the East". "They are all determined to have fun: some buy souvenirs solemnly, some eat and drink all their money, and some set off firecrackers on the streets like children. Some chase giggling girls in alleys."A kind of local Chinese wine produced in Guilin is mellow and delicious, and many Americans are addicted to it, "causing the price of wine to soar and the taste of wine to plummet." However, after all, the U.S. military is not here to travel, they want to fight. The U.S. Air Force attacked from all sides based on Guilin.During the battle in Yunnan and Burma, they flew over the sleeping Chinese villages and bombed the Japanese army on the banks of the Salween River in Myanmar; Fight like crazy.On Thanksgiving Day in 1943, they went to bomb the Japanese airfield in Taiwan. The commander said that as long as the mission was completed, they could eat and drink canned turkey, cranberries and good whiskey after returning home.Colonel Vincent, the commander in his twenties, protested and demanded an early dinner before takeoff.The pilots who ate turkey and drank whiskey took off. They all knew that the fuel they carried was only enough to fly back to Guilin after dropping the bomb.They flew over the mountains off the coast of China, then flew low over the sea, the propeller sucking salty spray into the cabin.Over the Hsinchu Airport in Taiwan, they launched a sudden attack with a roar. The Japanese fighter planes were torn apart and burst into flames.After blowing up more than 50 Japanese planes, they returned to their favorite "Paris of the East".Despite the sincere prayers of pastors who have stood by the runway since they took off, there are still young Americans who have not made it back alive. "This kind of spirit is indescribable," said American reporter Ruide Bai, "because no American soldier would admit loudly that he loves his country. That's what politicians do." Barracks meals, harsh sergeant majors, mocking Chennault, Stilwell and their President Roosevelt.But when Roosevelt died, they "wept like children."The U.S. military does not have rhetorical military songs, they all sing popular songs. In 1942 they sang "You Are My Only Sunshine" and in 1943 they sang "Mama Pistel Parkin" After arriving in Guilin, there were mixed songs, including "Lily Marlene" by the Germans, "A Troop Transport Ship Is Leaving Mumbai" by the British, and "Marty Erda Dancing" by the Australians. . ——The fighting spirit of the U.S. military "is born out of the emotional quality of the past hundred years, quietly but powerfully." The route that cost U.S. military pilots a huge sacrifice is the "hump route" over the Himalayas. The "Hump Route" starts from Assam in India in the west, and flies eastward to the Transhuman Mountains, Himalayas, Gaoligong Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, etc. The average altitude of these mountains is more than 4,000 meters, and the highest can reach 7,600 meters. Between the snow-capped mountains and valleys, the Salween River, Mekong River, Nujiang River, Lancang River and Jinsha River flow through.Since 1942, U.S. military pilots have been facing the thick Himalayan clouds and flying over steep mountain passes at the limit of flying height.On this most dangerous route in the history of human flight, even a slight change in the wind direction may lead to a plane crash and death.In order to climb higher, they even used a new factory C-46 transport aircraft that had not yet been tested.They passed the god of death again and again on the route drawn by naked eye observation.Since the opening of the "Hump Route", anti-war supplies from the United States to China have been continuously shipped in.At first, the materials shipped to China were hundreds of tons per month, and later increased to thousands of tons, and at the peak reached more than 70,000 tons a month.Until 1945, when the war ended, a total of 650,000 tons of anti-war supplies and more than 30,000 combatants were transported to China via the "Hump Route".In the large-scale air transportation unprecedented in the history of Chinese and foreign wars, the U.S. military lost more than 1,500 aircraft during the "Hump Route" flight, and more than 3,000 U.S. military officers and soldiers paid the price of their lives. ——In China's war against Japanese aggression, the blood and lives of the American people are ordered to be remembered forever by China. Of course, American sacrifices must be for American interests.After going through the difficult early days of the war, the United States felt it necessary to show the world that the Allied Forces and China had formed a mutually dependent alliance that met the needs of the United States to win the war. ——The Americans decided to invite Chiang Kai-shek out of China to meet with the US and British leaders somewhere in the world, and made this meeting the headline of world opinion. The Americans notified Song Ziwen, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Nationalist Government, of the idea of ​​convening the summit meeting of the United Kingdom, the United States, and China, and asked Song Ziwen, who had lived in the United States for a long time to keep an eye on the Allied arms quota, to pass it on to Chiang Kai-shek.On June 7, 1943, Chiang Kai-shek replied to Soong Ziwen, asking him to discuss with Soong Meiling who was still in the United States and then reply to Roosevelt: I am very grateful for President Luo's proposal to have a meeting between Qiu (Churchill) and Shi (Stalin) and Yu, and to talk with Yu first.However, I wondered whether it would be inconvenient for Stalin if I participated in the talks before the Soviet Union and Japan broke openly.If there is such concern, and in order to discuss strategy at present, if it is necessary for Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union to hold talks first, it seems that they should not delay the meeting of the four.Therefore, I would like to invite the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union to talk first.I personally would like to have a meeting with President Luo. If there is an opportunity then, I would like to ask the President to give me an appointment, and I can ask for advice at any time.However, if President Luo thinks that it is necessary to participate in this meeting and has no concerns as mentioned above, then he will not dare to resign.Please meet with the President according to this intention, and please discuss with the third sister (Song Meiling) first, and then President Darrow. In addition to the ever-existing wariness of the Soviet Union, Chiang Kai-shek believed that it was necessary to meet with Roosevelt alone in advance - Chiang Kai-shek wanted to obtain some kind of commitment from the United States to China's war of resistance and post-war prospects before the summit meeting, otherwise it would not be possible to confirm that he would meet with Roosevelt at the summit meeting. what position will be in.On July 4, Roosevelt called back, saying that it was very important to meet alone, and suggested choosing a location between Chongqing or Washington.Chiang Kai-shek called back on the 8th to agree with Roosevelt's proposal. Roosevelt called Chiang Kai-shek again in mid-July, proposing to hold a summit meeting of the three countries in Alaska, USA.On the 21st, Chiang Kai-shek, who was still wary of the Soviet Union, replied that if he held a meeting in Alaska, he would have to go through Siberia in the Soviet Union.As for the place where the leaders of China and the United States would meet alone, Roosevelt suggested that Chiang Kai-shek come to Washington before his departure.However, this suggestion was rejected by Song Ziwen on the grounds that "Jun Zuo is in military and political custody, and it seems difficult to travel far, unless the trip is sure to resolve the Pacific War". On October 28, 1943, Roosevelt issued a formal invitation to Chiang Kai-shek that the summit meeting of China, the United States, and Britain would be held somewhere on the coast of Egypt.Roosevelt said that he has not yet received an answer on whether Stalin will attend the meeting, but in any case, he and Churchill will meet Chiang Kai-shek in Egypt. will be satisfactorily resolved.On November 1 and 9, Roosevelt called twice again, promising to have a private meeting with Chiang Kai-shek before the meeting officially started.Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed back to Roosevelt that he would be on time for the meeting: Yu Dang, as promised in the last telegram, will come to meet with Your Excellency and Churchill at that time, and everything here will be strictly kept secret.The signing of the four-nation declaration was inspired by your spirit of upholding justice and unity, and it is indeed a great success.This move will definitely make a great contribution to the peace and security of the future world. I am very fortunate. I would like to invite you to accept Yu Warm's sincere gratitude... The final venue for the meeting was Cairo, Egypt. This historic meeting is known as the "Cairo Conference" in history. In order to prepare for the tripartite summit meeting, various departments of the national government immediately fell into a panic.China must come up with its own proposals and drafts. In this plan, which includes almost all possible solutions that may affect China's future, the most important ones are the principles and conditions of China's acceptance when Japan surrendered, the important issues of post-war disposal, and the responses to possible issues raised by Britain and the United States. question.Although this preparation was sloppy and incomplete, it took a firm stance on the issue that Japan must return the Chinese territories it had occupied in modern times.Because it involves the post-war interests that China will face, it is worth transcribing the basic position of the Chinese government at that time: (1) Strategic equipment for the counter-offensive against Japan and an institution for discussing various issues in the Far East (the military authorities prepare proposals). (2) The terms to be accepted by Japan in the event of its unconditional surrender. On this question it would seem appropriate to ask what political, economic and financial terms Italy has accepted or should accept (the military terms have been published), and what should be accepted at the Moscow Conference for the surrender of Germany.A total of 25 articles were signed and submitted on Japan a few days ago, and the main principles are listed on the left for discussion as appropriate: About the military: 1. All Japanese warships and merchant ships, aircraft, ordnance, and combat materials shall immediately be at the disposal of the United Nations, and part of them shall be handed over to China. 2. Japan should withdraw from China and other United Nations areas it occupied since September 18th. Before the withdrawal of all its land, sea and air forces, Japan should be responsible for preserving all public and private properties (including transportation) in the occupied areas. system), and shall not be destroyed. 3. The United Nations designates certain places in Japan to station troops in order to ensure the actual implementation of this document and the terms of the peace treaty. 4. Japan should be completely disarmed. About politicians: 5. Japan shall, in accordance with the list designated by the United Nations, hand over its war criminals and officials of puppet organizations in various places to the United Nations for trial. 6. Japan shall return to China the following: A. Lushun and Dalian (all public property and construction of the two shall be handed over to China without compensation); B. South Manchuria Railway and Middle Eastern Railway (returned to China without compensation); C. Taiwan and the Penghu Islands (all public property and construction of the two places will be handed over to China without compensation); D. The Ryukyu Islands (either under international administration or as a demilitarized area). 7. Recognize the independence of North Korea. 8. Japan should disband all domestic groups engaged in aggression and ban all aggressive ideology and education. On the economy and others: 9. Japan shall return to the United Nations all gold and silver currency notes, securities, important books, official documents and other historical items transported away by its civil and military personnel or private individuals. 10. Japan should compensate China for all public and private losses since September 18th. 11. The United Nations shall establish a supervisory committee to ensure Japan's effective implementation of the provisions set out in this document. (3) Important post-war issues: 1. Maintaining world peace: After the war is over, the existing United Nations organization should continue to exist, and the presidencies of China, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union should be responsible for maintaining world peace until the establishment of a general collective security system. 2. International Economic Cooperation: It can be approved in principle and welcomes foreign investment. Questions the U.S. side may raise: 1. Measures for the Utilization of 200 Million U.S. Dollars of Gold (Concise Answers Prepared by the Fiscal Authority 2. Questions about my country's wartime economic situation, such as prices, currency, budget, etc. (brief answers prepared by financial authorities and other relevant agencies). 3. The issue of the CCP: It seems possible to briefly explain the Chinese Communist Party’s obstruction of the War of Resistance and the government’s consistent policy of leniency. Questions that the British side may raise: 1. The Tibet issue: In August of this year, Minister Song and British Foreign Secretary Eden discussed this issue in London. The opinions of the two sides are far from each other. It seems that it is better to leave it for a later date. 2. The issue of Kowloon and Hong Kong: Kowloon is a leased land, and there is no doubt that it should be returned to China. However, from the perspective of the British side, Kowloon and Hong Kong belong to the same issue, and Hong Kong is a ceded land. Its legal status is different from that of Kowloon. It is better to solve it in the future. Questions that may be raised by Britain and the United States: 1. The issue of the International Financial Stabilization Fund; 2. International banking issues; 3. Issues concerning international civil aviation. The above three issues can be approved in principle, but the detailed measures should be reserved for long-term consideration. On November 18, 1943, Chiang Kai-shek and his wife Song Meiling led a Chinese delegation to leave Chongqing in two batches and fly to Cairo via India.Before leaving, Chiang Kai-shek made a request to himself: "Be indifferent and complacent, and ask for nothing from others", adhering to the Chinese tradition of saving face, "Proposals and compensation for Japan should be raised first by Britain and the United States. Let me mention it on my own initiative, Britain and the United States should know that I have no selfishness in the world war." History has proved that no matter how Chinese people follow the tradition of "treating people with courtesy" in handling foreign affairs, not only have they never been "knowledge" and "respect" from the Western world, but it is always the Chinese who suffer and suffer humiliation. ——The only gratifying thing is that China has finally stood on the world stage during the Anti-Japanese War. On the morning of the 21st, Chiang Kai-shek and his party arrived in Cairo. The basic lineup of the Chinese delegation is: Wang Chonghui, Secretary-General of the Supreme National Defense Committee; Shang Zhen, Director of the General Office of the Military Commission; Lin Wei, Director of the First Division of the Attendant Office; Yang Xuancheng, Director of the Second Office, Guo Binjia, Counselor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Yu Jishi, Chief of Guards, Cai Wenzhi, Member of the Military Mission to the United States, Huang Renlin, Director-General of the Military Commission Field Service Corps, Chen Xizeng, Head of the Attendant Office, Chen Pingjie, Attaché, Secretary Yu Guohua, and Doctor Zuo Weiming and Chen Chunlian, Soong Meiling's English secretary, etc. The members of the British, American, and Soviet delegations are all political, economic, and military experts. During the meeting, they need to conduct consultations on various issues discussed at any time. Therefore, some foreign reporters think that the members of the Chinese delegation are very unprofessional. Minister Song Ziwen did not participate—“The small Chinese delegation is mainly composed of the chairman’s family and private individuals,” the reporter commented, “Some people who were essential to the Cairo meeting were not included in the delegation. Because these people are not completely obedient to the Chairman.” It is difficult for Westerners to understand China, an ancient and unique oriental country. Perhaps only Chiang Kai-shek, who brought a large number of attendants to the meeting, knew in his heart that the war had progressed to the second half of 1943, and the situation of the World War had undergone a major turning point, while the China he ruled was still a chaotic country. According to the 1943 "Guidance Plan for Combat against China" formulated by the Tokyo Headquarters, the main task of the Japanese invaders was to consolidate the occupied areas and continue to send additional troops to the Pacific battlefield.However, after the Battle of Western Hubei, the total number of Japanese invaders still consisted of 24 divisions, 12 independent mixed brigades, and 13 aviation squadrons, with a total strength of about 600,000.As the commander-in-chief of the China Expeditionary Force, Hata Toshiroku knew very well that there was no other way but to resort to force to lure Chongqing to surrender and cut off its relationship with Britain and the United States. more and more urgent.Although Hata Shunroku was under tremendous pressure, he insisted: "Slaying a bloody road is the only important strategy to quickly resolve the incident in China." The so-called "blood road" was to invade Sichuan, the seat of the Chongqing Nationalist Government. 为此，鄂西会战一结束，他就派高级作战参谋天野正一去东京，直接向大本营请求批准他彻底“消灭重庆政权”的作战计划。天野正一向大本营提出的建议是：“总司令官已胸有成竹，仅仅指望以政略的成果来解决中国方面问题是困难的。希望能决心在本年十一月后至来年月进攻四川。” 东京大本营否决了畑俊六的建议。 理由是：“不能对派遣军增派兵力，新组建部队更为困难。” 作战计划被否决的当天，畑俊六写下日记：“如此只能一直成为美英反攻对象，终将处于守势。没有杀出一条血路的打算，重庆屈服的时机是不会到来的，实乃可叹！” 八月二十八日，日军中国派遣军总司令部制订了《昭和十八年秋以后中国派遣军作战指导大纲》，《大纲》依旧体现出畑俊六强烈的进攻意识： 作战方针 派遣军努力确保和平定现有占领区。特别是华北方面，本年秋季以有组织地歼灭共产党为目标。同时在本年秋季以第十一军及第十三军主力分别进行常德作战和广德作战。来年春季，以华北方面军及第十一军进行打通京汉线作战。 另外，除在全面加强防空并以第三飞行师团配合地面作战之外，尚须迅速恢复和提高战力，以灵活的战术粉碎敌航空能力。 作战指导要领 一、华北扫共作战 华北方面军在本年秋季须进行长期作战，有组织地摧毁共产党军根据地。 二、常德作战 进攻常德附近，搜索并歼灭中央军，摧毁第六战区根据地，以削弱敌继续抗战的企图，同时为派遣军在减少兵力之后能顺利完成任务创造条件，并且牵制可能调往云南的重庆军机动兵力，以册应南方军作战。 畑俊六知道蒋介石的军队不会主动发动攻势。尽管双方的对峙线很宽大，但日军仍有能力实施短促突击，打击以中央军为首的正面战场上的中国军队。长期的作战令畑俊六对蒋介石的军队了如指掌。一九四三年下半年，国民政府拥有的军队兵力多达五百三十多万，遍及九个战区以及昆明行营、远征军部队。但是，国民政府所统辖的区域却越来越小，财政极度困难，物资供应紧张，政府无法遏制内部的腐败，军政官吏与商人勾结起来囤积居奇，再加上军官普遍克扣军饷，导致士兵逃亡现象严重，几乎每支部队都缺额，单位战斗力迅速下降。如果说战争初期，国民政府的军队对付日军常设师团的一个联队要动用一个师的话，现在几乎要动用一个军了。畑俊六对中国战场的最大忧患是，战争到了一九四三年，中国共产党的抗日武装越来越强大了。 日本人认为：“中国问题的重点有三，即粮食、物价、共产党。”蒋介石同样以共产党的壮大为患。出发去开罗之前，他精心策划了一件大事：要求国民政府统辖区域内的所有人，必须“切实研讨”一本名为《中国之命运》的书。此书是由蒋介石授意、陶希圣代笔，再以蒋介石的名义由重庆中正书局公开出版的。 《中国之命运》刚一出版，就被中国社会舆论普遍认为是国民党发动新一轮反共高潮的动员令和宣言书。 在日本明显大势已去的时刻，身兼国民党总裁、国防最高委员会和军事委员会委员长、国民政府主席兼行政院院长的蒋介石，真正做到了党政军大权独自在握。特别是美英为了确保中国抗战，宣布中国是世界四强之后，与美、英、苏等世界强国平起平坐的感觉令蒋介石更加自信。有了美英的支持，日本人已不在话下，沦为亡国奴的话题没有意义了，而另一种“亡党亡国”的担忧开始令蒋介石坐卧不宁。蒋介石认为，有必要为消灭共产党做强大的舆论准备了。 《中国之命运》全书二百一十三页，论及抗战的篇幅只有十二页半，其主要内容是系统地讲述蒋氏风格的专制独裁主义，同时猛烈地攻击中国共产党的思想和体系。 蒋介石认为，中国封建时代的宗法制度和哲学伦理，是最符合中国国情的社会样式；封建时代以血统和家族为纽带形成的家族、保甲、乡社制度，是最完备的社会组织，是立国的基础。至于资产阶级民主主义，也属于违反了中国固有文化的“帝国主义立场”范畴——就在社会舆论普遍对蒋氏家族的政权独裁颇有微词的时候，蒋介石公然吹捧封建宗法家族式的政治统治结构，其毫不遮掩令人惊讶。 《中国之命运》更为重要的内容，是大肆捧颂蒋氏“三民主义”的至高无上。蒋介石否定大革命时期的国共合作，指责共产党人挑拨了国民党内部左右两派对立，并把全面抗战以来建立的抗日民族统一战线说成是共产党人搞的“军阀割据”。蒋介石攻击共产主义思想可以视为政见不同所致，但把共产党人的敌后抗战说成是封建军阀行为，以此要求共产党人放弃“武力割据”——日军对敌后抗日根据地的大规模“围剿”和“扫荡”，无不是为了铲除共产党人的“武力割据”——“铲除”之语出自被称为“抗战领袖”的蒋介石之口，着实匪夷所思。基于这样的理论，蒋介石宣称：“如果不肯彻底改变封建军阀的作风”，“没有根本放弃武力割据的决心”，“那就是无论怎样宽大，决不会发生什么效果亦找不出什么合理的方法了”。——蒋介石的言外之意很清楚，国民政府对付共产党只剩下武力讨伐了。 至于讨伐的时间，蒋介石认为“不出这二年中”。 一九四三年五月十五日，鉴于国际形势的变化，以苏联为首的第三国际宣布解散，这一消息令国民党人兴奋异常，认为中国共产党已经走到了命运尽头。军统头目戴笠制订出一个“对中共方案”，其主要内容是：在军事上施加压力，迫使中共把敌后根据地政权和军权交出来；取消边区政治组织，听候中央处置；派遣政工人员、参谋人员和军队干部到共产党区域去接管工作；派中央通讯社到延安去开拓消息的采集渠道——“在宣传工作方面强调第三国际之解散，中共再无独立组织之必要，以证明民族至上国家至上之理论最适合世界潮流”。 仅凭戴笠策划的这个“方案”，便可见国民党人对中国共产党的了解依旧十分肤浅。早在长征初期，中国共产党就与第三国际失去了联系，包括毛泽东在内，中国共产党人早就试图摆脱苏共的控制，成为一个独立领导中国革命的政党。中国共产党人是一群有独立思考能力且决心用自己的理论和实践拯救中国的政治精英，哪里会因为早已过气的第三国际的解散而土崩瓦解？ 毛泽东在延安干部会上，针对共产国际解散的问题指出：中国共产党同意共产国际执行委员会主席团关于解散共产国际的提议，中国共产党将解除对共产国际章程和历次代表大会决议所规定的各种义务。共产国际在它存在期间完成了自己的历史使命，包括对灾难深重的中国人民尽一切可能给予援助；目前“各国共产党更加需要根据自己民族的特殊情况和历史条件，独立地解决一切问题”。“中国共产党在革命斗争中曾经获得共产国际许多帮助；但是，很久以来，中国共产党人即已能够完全独立的根据自己民族的具体情况和特殊条件，决定自己的政治方针、政策和行动”。“共产国际的解散，将使中国共产党人的自信心与创造性更加加强，将使党与中国人民的联系更加巩固，将使党的战斗力量更加提高”。 果然，第三国际的解散并没有对中国共产党产生任何影响。 一九四三年秋，参谋总长何应钦、副参谋总长白崇禧和第八战区副司令长官兼第三十四集团军总司令胡宗南聚在了陕西的一个县城里，根据蒋介石的指令商定进攻共产党陕甘宁边区的作战方案。会后，胡宗南召开军事会议，确定了具体作战计划：各路部队从各个方向向陕甘宁边区的核心地带压缩；动用第八战区的部队，加上特地调来的部队，共五个集团军近五十万兵力，分成九路闪击延安，一举荡平共产党中枢。 日军尚在国土上横行，哪有自己打自己的道理？ 针对《中国之命运》一书，延安的《解放日报》连续发表文章，系统阐述了中国共产党的理论和政策，同时对胡宗南即将对陕甘宁边区发动进攻展开了猛烈的舆论战。毛泽东写出《质问国民党》一文，指出在国民党领导的全国军队中，位于西北的有第三十四、第三十七、第三十八集团军，其中的两个集团军用于包围陕甘宁边区，只有一个集团军用于防守宜川至潼关的黄河沿岸。这一事实，全国皆知。近日防守河防的第一、第十六、第九十军开到了彬县、淳化、洛川一带，为准备进攻陕甘宁边区而置黄河河防空虚于不顾。那么，国民党人叫嚣共产党人“破坏抗战”“破坏团结”，难道：“尽撤河防主力，倒叫做增强抗战吗？难道进攻边区，倒叫做增强团结”吗？毛泽东质问国民党人：“你们拿背对着日本人，日本人却拿面对着你们，如果日本人向你们的背前进，那时你们怎么办呢？”按照你们的说法，中国境内只有国民党是如何的“民族至上”，而共产党则是如何的“破坏抗战”，那么“背向敌人，却是什么至上呢”？ 七月六日，八路军总司令朱德致电国民党人： 万万火急。重庆蒋委员长、参谋部何总长、军令部徐部长（徐永昌）钩鉴：自五月以来，边区周围友军，不断向职部进迫，职部均一再退避，所有经过情形，均经呈报，并电胡副长官宗南制止在案。自六月十八日胡副长官到洛川召开军事会议后，边境突呈战争景象，河防大军，纷纷西调，粮弹运输，络绎于途，道路纷传，中央将乘共产国际解散机会，实行大举剿共。慨自抗战以来，职军奉命改编，驰赴战场作战，六年于兹，虽毫无补给，而未尝稍懈。味甘宁边区为职军唯一之后方，少数留守部队，亦安分守己，保境息民，从事生产与教育……讵意近日形势突变，南线友军已作发动内战之积极准备……河防阵地调动增加之兵力不下六七个师，声言大举进攻，消灭边区，打倒共产党。边区军民闻此意外事变，莫不奔走相告，骇异莫名。窃思当此抗战艰虞之际，力谋团结，犹恐不及，若遂发动内战，兵连祸结，则抗战团结之大业势将破坏，而使日寇坐收渔利，并使英美苏各友邦之作战任务亦将受到影响…… 胡宗南的部队准备进攻陕甘宁的消息，遭到了全国舆论的激烈抨击。令蒋介石没想到的是，盟军方面对此也反应激烈，美国人明确表示绝对不允许因为发生内战而削弱中国战场对日作战的力度。 在国内外舆论的双重压力下，七月十日，蒋介石命令胡宗南停止对陕甘宁边区的行动，并回电朱德声称胡宗南部“无进攻意”。十二日，胡宗南命令围攻陕甘宁边区最前沿的第一军和第九十军退回黄河河防。 《中国之命运》发表后，重庆军事委员会军令部第二厅奉命对共产党军队的现有编制、兵员、枪支和火炮数量进行详细的调查统计，得出的统计数字或许可以令即将前往开罗的蒋介石感到些许安慰：那些关于共产党武装兵力已达百万以上的传说似乎不那么靠谱。 百团大战后，经过日军长达两年的残酷“扫荡”，华北大平原上的抗日根据地丧失殆尽，太行、太岳山区根据地的面积也严重缩小。共产党抗日武装在日军的“围剿”下伤亡巨大，兵力曾一度下降到三十万左右，加上位于江南的新四军，总兵力尚不足四十万人，还不及国民党军的十分之一。蒋介石对共产党方面要求国民政府颁给五个军的番号始终不允，苏联和美国援助中国的武器装备也没有给共产党武装一枪一弹。由此，军令部第二厅的报表显示，一九四三年，八路军和新四军的总兵力仍不足四十万，枪支数量是兵力总数的一半，除了八路军的三个正规师有几门迫击炮外，各军区部队和地方纵队在火炮拥有数量一栏上全都是空白。 为数不多的共产党抗日武装，在敌后作战的严酷环境中频频出击，伤亡巨大，武器简陋，补给困难，根本没有扩大军队规模的条件。 要说拥有百万之众，应该指的是遍布在广大乡村中的民兵，是那些具有抗战热情和勇敢精神并认同共产党人政治理想的同盟者。或许，正是敌后战场上成千上万的民众和共产党武装一起与日本占领军顽强作战的浩大声势，才使得国民党人产生了到处都是共产党武装力量的错觉。 造成国民党人错觉的另一个因素是：共产党领导的敌后抗日武装已经度过了最困难的时期，经过两年多“治安强化运动”的日军承认他们在华北已经“一蹶不振”，而在华中的“清乡工作”也“陷入了分裂瓦解的结局”——敌后战场上的抗日军民逐渐转入了主动进攻的阶段。 八路军晋绥军区主动进攻的作战次数，在一九四三年下半年占到了作战总数的百分之七十八。九月，晋绥八路军已经把日军挤到了据点和交通线附近。日军第六十九师团新任师团长三浦忠次郎中将，指挥第五十九旅团和独立混成第三旅团等部队，再次对晋绥根据地发动“扫荡”，企图一举围歼八路军晋绥军区机关。二十七日，日军虽然攻占了兴县县城，但晋绥军区机关已安全转移。鉴于日军孤军深入，交通断绝，加之新兵很多，战斗力大不如前，晋绥军区副司令员兼参谋长周士第率领的指挥部决定，集中十七、二十一、二十六、三十六和二十九团主力以及特务团和警卫营等部队，采用沿途伏击和分段围歼的战法，集中主力吃掉日军一部。十月五日拂晓，日军第五十九旅团第八十五大队遭到袭击后，发现自己已经被八路军包围了。尽管日军迅速派来战机助战，但八路军各团已如铁桶一般将其围困。附近山头上民兵和民众的喊杀声此起彼伏，日军无论朝哪个方向突围，都会踩响八路军和民兵在山路上埋设的地雷。战斗持续到十日，日军的数次突围都被击垮，伤亡惨重，逐渐缩小的包围圈里只剩下三百多人还能坚持作战。十日下午，日军开始焚烧尸体，由于已不可能将伤员运走，只好将尉官以下的伤员一起焚烧，伤员的哀嚎之声和焚烧尸体的臭味数里之外都可听闻。黄昏时分，八路军发动了最后的围歼战，残剩的日军官兵在黑暗中仓皇四逃，八路军和民兵如同围猎一样到处搜捕，战斗在十一日凌晨基本结束，七百多具日军的尸体横陈在秋风瑟瑟的山林中。 日军华北方面军司令官冈村宁次气急败坏，调集第一军主力两万多人出动寻找八路军主力。日军采取了一种每天前进二十公里后再后退五公里的所谓“铁滚式三层阵地新战法”，企图不断地挤压八路军，使之在黄河岸边背水决战。东京大本营对冈村宁次的这次作战寄予厚望，专门派来了一百二十人的“皇军军官战地参观团”。此时，正是胡宗南企图闪击延安之际，八路军第一二九师的一个主力团已奉命调回延安，刘伯承、邓小平命令太岳军区第二军分区第三八六旅十六团主动出击打击来犯的日军。十六团是一支以红军官兵为骨干组成的部队，满员二千五百余人，团长程悦长、政委常祥考、参谋长林克夫。在第三八六旅旅长兼第二军分区司令员王近山的率领下，该团不断地辗转迂回，跳出冈村宁次的包围圈后，秘密插到了日军的侧后，进入临汾至屯留公路边一个名叫韩略村的村庄。然后在当地民兵和民众的帮助下，在村南的一条山沟附近开设了伏击阵地。十月二十三日早上八时，日军来了，卡车车队进入伏击圈后，十六团一声号令，六连先下手，击毁最后面的卡车，班长赵振玉带领全班从陡壁上猛扑下来。九连在车队的最前面死顶，与日军混战成一团。发现被包围的日军疯狂地向公路两边突围，双方瞬间进入肉搏战状态。八路军战士发现日本士兵试图保护一群身挎指挥刀的军官，于是奋不顾身地集中朝那里冲击，五连指导员郑光南在冲锋中牺牲。随着日军一名指挥官剖腹自杀，日军士兵大乱，残兵跑进公路边的土窑洞中顽抗。在劝降未果后，赶来参战的民兵在窑洞口点燃了柴草，然后八路军的手榴弹雨点般扔进窑洞，很快窑洞里便无声无息了。战斗接近结束的时候，冈村宁次派来六架战机低空盘旋寻找被围部队的踪迹，但除了烟火和黄尘在秋风中漫卷之外，日军飞行员没有发现一个还活着的日军官兵——连同那个“皇军军官战地参观团”的所有成员在内，被伏击的日军只漏网三人，其余全部葬身于韩略村南的那道土沟里。 除了与日军作战之外，八路军还要对付伪军。 一九四三年五月间，华北出现了最大的一股伪军，即庞炳勋的第二十四集团军四万余人叛国投敌。 第二十四集团军，辖马法五的第四十军、孙殿英的新编第五军、刘进的第二十七军和侯如墉、杜淑等游杂部队，总兵力近八万人，是中条山会战国民党军在黄河以北留下的唯一部队。 日军早就盯上了这支国民党军队。 一九四三年四月，日军华北方面军出动三万余兵力，向太行山麓实施进攻。与日军事先约好的孙殿英在河南林县宣布投降。而刘进的第二十七军被日军截断退路后，一名师长率部逃亡，另一名师长率部投降——这个师后来成为汪精卫的警卫师。孙殿英陪同日本人与刘进军长商谈投降条件，刘进要价太高日方没有答应，刘军长本人趁乱跑了。马法五的第四十军，除了被他带走千余人外，其余全部被日军缴械。藏在林县彭城镇附近山洞里的庞炳勋，因为实在耐不住鸦片烟瘾，让他的副官扮成老百姓出来买烟土和食品，结果被日本人发现。庞炳勋立即宣布投降，通电表示脱离重庆政府，拥护汪精卫“和平反共建国”。他到了南京，被汪精卫委任为伪“和平救国军第二十四集团军总司令”。 庞炳勋率部投敌后，着手部署围困八路军的作战。不打击投敌者，不足以警示世人，八路军决心彻底收拾庞炳勋部。八路军总部以冀鲁豫军区第四军分区部队发起卫南战役，七月三十日毙伤伪军二百多人，俘虏伪团长以下八百余人；三十一日袭击了伪军第四十六师师部所在地，全歼守敌；八月二日再袭伪军一个旅，毙伤六十余人，俘虏千余人，活捉伪军旅长；十九日，向伪军杜淑部发起攻击，歼灭伪军五千五百六十余人，并在伪军盘踞的卫南、滨河、滑县等地建立起抗日民主政权。接着，八路军又以太行、冀南两军区主力协同冀中警备旅发起林南战役。八月十八日，李达、黄镇指挥的六个主力团开始了猛烈的穿插分割，攻入林县县城，庞炳勋的伪第二十四集团军前敌指挥官刘月亭只身逃脱，其余伪军全部被歼。同时，陈再道、宋任穷指挥的冀南军区六个主力团，将伪新五军的暂编第四师师部、十团以及独立旅全歼。日军出安阳城试图救援，但被八路军打了回去。林南战役，八路军歼灭伪军七千余人，拔除伪军据点八十余处，林南和辉北地区全部为八路军所控制。九月，太行军区在太南组建了第七、第八军分区。到了第二年的春天，太南抗日根据地面积已达八千平方公里，各级抗日民主政权和地方武装均已建立。 在华北敌后战场上，共产党领导的抗日武装是作战的绝对主力。一九四三年，抗战中国的敌后战场抵抗的日伪军，占侵华日军总数的百分之六十四，伪军的百分之九十五。日军华北方面军公布：“从今年一月到五月与共产军交战次数为五千五百二十四次之多，其兵力达五十六万七千四百二十四人之众。” 敌大半为中共军，与蒋军相反，在本年交战一万五千次中，和中共的作战占七成五。在交战的二百万敌军中，半数以上也都是中共军。在我方所收容的十九万九千具敌遗尸中，中共军也占半数。但与此相比较，在我所收容的七万四千俘虏中，中共军所占的比率则只占一成五。这一方面暴露了重庆军的劣弱性，同时也说明了中共军交战意识的