Chapter 54 The Great Significance of the 129th Movement[1]

(December 9, 1939) Comrades: Today, the commemorative meeting for the fourth anniversary of "129" is held, and the hall is full of young people, full of vigor and vitality.What a lively gathering! The meeting to commemorate the "129" has been held more than once in Yan'an. I have not been able to attend the past few times. I am very excited to attend today. I think things are easier to manage in China now.What are China's affairs? They are anti-imperialist and anti-dark forces.It has been a hundred years since the Chinese people rebelled against imperialism and dark forces since the Opium War.It's been a long time, and although it hasn't been completed yet, this matter is much easier to handle now.Because the diehards of the Kuomintang have greatly intensified their anti-communist activities and attacked the progressive cultural circles, some people now say: China's affairs are difficult to manage.They are working hard for progress and for the interests of the country and the nation. They are full of enthusiasm and kindness, and they want to make the country and the nation a better place.However, at the critical juncture of the Anti-Japanese War, they saw the shadows of surrender, division, and retrogression cast by the stubborn forces around them.This is just seeing one side of things.Of course we resolutely oppose the perverse actions of the diehards, but as a whole, we believe that compared with the past, China's affairs are not only easier to handle, but also easier to handle.

Why? This has to start with the 129 Movement we commemorate today. First, all comrades know what happened in the December 9th Movement. Comrade Li Chang [2] also mentioned it just now.However, we should further understand: Under what political environment did it arise? What political significance does it have? What kind of influence does it have on Chinese politics? After understanding these issues, we will know that the current situation in China is different from that of The past is very different, and things are not more difficult than in the past, but much easier. The Red Army went through the Long March and arrived at Wuqi Town in northern Shaanxi in October 1935.At that time the enemy was still attacking us, and we won three victories in Fu County in late November of that year.Amid the sound of congratulations, on December 10th, when we heard the news of the 129th Movement in Peking, we were very happy! The Red Army comrades completed such a great long march, and the student comrades launched such a great national salvation movement in Peiping. Both of them are fighting for the liberation of the nation and the liberation of the people, and their direct significance is to promote the War of Resistance Against Japan.Therefore, historically speaking, the 129th Movement was a very important aspect of the preparations for the War of Resistance Against Japan.

Some people say that the 129th Movement is not as great as the May 4th Movement, that is to say, the former is less politically significant than the latter.Is this right? No.We think the significance of both is equally great. The May Fourth Movement made preparations for the Northern Expedition.Without the May Fourth Movement, the Northern Expedition would have been unthinkable.Some people think that the student movement has no power, but what are the facts? The May 4th Movement of the broad masses of students promoted the "June 3rd" nationwide strikes, strikes, strikes, strikes against the imperialist and traitorous government, and developed into a movement of the whole nation .After the May 4th Movement, the Communist Party of China came into being, which led to the first KMT-CPC cooperation, the May 30th Movement, the Northern Expedition, and the first great revolution.It is obvious, then, that without the May Fourth Movement, the First Great Revolution would not have been possible.The May Fourth Movement indeed prepared public opinion, people's hearts, thoughts, and cadres for the first great revolution.

As for the 129th Movement, it was the preparation for the great War of Resistance Against Japan, just as the May 4th Movement was the preparation for the first great revolution. "December 9" promoted the "July 7" War of Resistance and prepared for the "July 7" War of Resistance. Let's take a look at the circumstances under which the 129th Movement took place.On the one hand, it took place in an area ruled by the Kuomintang where the Communist Party was considered to have absolutely no power and was absolutely illegitimate, during the period of the "communist suppression" campaign by the Kuomintang reactionaries, under the circumstances of both military "encirclement and suppression" and cultural "encirclement and suppression" .Needless to say, the difficulties faced by the Communist Party and the Red Army in the past so-called "communist suppression" wars.Later, the Red Army went on the Long March, and they traveled 25,000 miles. People also "sent off" 25,000 miles behind, and there were still "welcome" people in the front, who added "gifts" in the sky. This gift It's called a bomb.Although the "farewell" people saw each other off one way at a time, and the "welcome" people greeted each other at one stop, the Red Army still reached northern Shaanxi.But the enemy still used bullets as gifts, and greeted them back and forth.That is to say, when the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, it was still in an environment of "encirclement and suppression".This is the case of military "encirclement and suppression".How about cultural "encirclement and suppression"? The enemy's "blockhouses" are built in schools, in books, newspapers and magazines, and in social cultural and educational organizations, and there is also a tendency to "strike steadily and step by step".Regarding this point, we only need to look at Mr. Lu Xun's miscellaneous feelings to know.His combative essays attacking the ills of the time are aimed at opposing cultural "encirclement and suppression" and the oppression of young people's thoughts.On the other hand, the Japanese imperialists had already occupied the Northeast, were planning to "specialize North China", and were actively preparing to destroy the whole of China.Therefore, all of the 450 million people must do their part to fight Japanese imperialism.However, some people do not agree.However, they also want to fight, who is it? The Communist Party, young students, and progressive people in the cultural circle.People all over the country said to them: You are heading in the wrong direction, and we firmly oppose it.This is another aspect of the environment in which the 129th Movement was located.After the 129 Movement, things gradually became easier.The Xi'an Incident was resolved peacefully, and the Kuomintang government's method of only attacking the Communist Party and not Japanese imperialism was no longer feasible, so it had to abandon the policy of "suppressing the Communist Party" and take the road of preparing for the war of resistance. In fact, it was declared established.For these, the contribution of the 129th Movement is very great.

Here, one thing that should be paid special attention to is the close relationship between the Long March of the Red Army and the December 9th Movement.The 129th Movement occurred when the Red Army marched northward to resist the Japanese and arrived in northern Shaanxi.The victory of the Red Army's 25,000-mile Long March helped the 129th Movement, and at the same time, the 129th Movement also helped the Red Army. The combination of these two things helped the launch of the Anti-Japanese War of the whole people, helped the Chinese nation, and strengthened the whole nation. nation's interests.

The August 1 Declaration[3] of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called on the people of the whole country to oppose Japanese imperialism, which promoted the development of the trend of national unity and resistance against Japan.The 129th Movement occurred when the Chinese Communist Party issued the August 1st Declaration, the Red Army went to northern Shaanxi and won the battle, and the Japanese imperialists were intensifying their invasion of China.The majority of young students rose up against the oppression of the authorities, against the Japanese imperialist aggression against China, and demanded the end of the civil war to unite against Japan.The occurrence of this movement caused a sensation all over the country.It cooperated with the Red Army's anti-Japanese movement to the north, promoted domestic peace and the anti-Japanese war, and made the anti-Japanese movement a national movement.Therefore, the 129th Movement was a movement to mobilize the whole nation to fight the war. It prepared the thinking of the war of resistance, the hearts of the people who fought the war, and the cadres who fought the war.Comparing the relationship between the May 4th Movement and the Northern Expedition, it is obvious that the 129th Movement was more closely related to the War of Resistance Against Japan, and the time between the two was shorter, because the 129th Movement was coordinated with the victory of the Red Army's Long March.In short, the 129th Movement will become a very important commemoration in Chinese history.After the 129th Movement and the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, China's anti-imperialist affairs became much easier.

Second, it is now easier to oppose the oppression of young students and intellectuals by the dark forces; it is even more difficult for the dark forces to oppress young students and intellectuals.The December 9th Movement proved this point.The dark forces oppress progressive ideas, and until the end of the oppression, the dark forces always fail.Before the 129th Movement, they conducted more than eight years of anti-communist education, which was carried out in a planned way.All politically inclined courses in the school are first of all based on the principle of opposing the Communist Party and Marxism; those who are considered Communists and Marxists among the teachers must be excluded and persecuted.Starting from the second half of 1927, they used this kind of education and training for more than eight years. Unfortunately, they trained a "129".In the eyes of those anti-communist gentlemen in the Kuomintang, this is of course a great regret.Some people said that "129" was a student rebellion.The students admitted this, and it was indeed a rebellion.But whose rebellion is it? It is the rebellion of those who oppress students, of those who "encircle and suppress" their ideology, and of those who propagate the false Three People's Principles.The purpose of their rebellion is to implement the true Three People's Principles, that is, the Three People's Principles of uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and supporting farmers and workers.They rebelled in order to eradicate all obstacles to the implementation of the true Three People's Principles.Should such a reaction be created? One must be created, one must be created, and the third one must be created.

Things in the world are so weird, you scratch your head when you hit a wall, but forget about it afterwards.You see, in the past some people did not recognize the May 4th Movement, but today they all recognize it; now there are also some people who do not recognize the 129th Movement, but, based on the experience of the "May 4th Movement", maybe one day they will also I have to admit "129".If you insist on not admitting it, then ask them to choose one of the thirty-six tactics. To put it simply, please get out! Because the world is moving forward, and it is impossible to go backwards; the Chinese have no braids, and they want to There is no longer any delay; the old and backward things have to fall down and let the new and progressive things take their place.In the progressive tide, if they do not recognize the progressive December 9th Movement, and still want to despise it, then what can they say about their bad luck?

Today's young students understand more principles and are much smarter than when I was a young student.When I first studied for a few years, I only knew about "Shi Yun" and "Zi Yue", and I always thought that officials and emperors were all good people.Later, I entered a foreign school and encountered revolution, so I also knew that the emperor is bad, and I also understood that the capital of the United States is Washington, and the capital of the United Kingdom is London, what X plus Y equals Z, and what molecules, atoms and electrons are.Now you not only understand these things, but also understand Marxism! At that time, I did not understand Marx.This is a proof that the present is more advanced than the past.During the First World War, the people at the upper echelon advocated joining the Allied Powers, Britain and France, to fight Germany and Austria. Their words were so clear that they really deceived some people.In 1918, at the end of the First World War, China also held a meeting in Beijing, and erected a monument with the words "Justice Victorious" [4] engraved on it, which was even more impressive and dizzy for a while. Some people's minds at the time.However, it is different now.China is always moving forward.The Chinese people now understand world events and the principles of revolution.This kind of truth can be understood step by step. In the past, we knew less, but now we understand more.Everyone understands that the nature of imperialist wars is unjust and predatory, that they understand the machinations of Japanese imperialism, that they understand the insidiousness of capitulators and diehards, and that they understand democratic constitutionalism.They clearly understand that progress, democracy, and participation in politics are necessary, and the real realization of this democratic and constitutional government still requires everyone to stand up and fight.Only when young students, workers, and peasants from all over the country rise up and fight together can we make this matter a success.Today's people are smart and not easy to be deceived.Everyone raised their eyes[5] and watched: Who is not open to democracy? Who wants to split? Who wants to surrender? Who wants to go backwards? look back.Now in the anti-Japanese camp, there is such a group of "Shen Gongbao", a group of people who are dedicated to regress, and they hold China back to regress.This is the dark forces in China now oppressing the light forces. This is called the freedom of oppression.However, the youth and workers and peasants in China also have another kind of freedom, which is called the freedom to resist the forces of darkness.We do not allow the dark forces to drag China back.Are we sure that they will not be allowed to do that? Yes, the important reason is that people are not easy to be deceived now, and it is difficult for ordinary people in the whole country to be deceived anymore.Now the majority of people are not allowed to oppress them in this way, but must resist their oppression; they are not allowed to surrender, but must persist in the war of resistance; they are not allowed to split, but must persist in unity;This group of "Shen Gongbao", let's see how they end up!

Third, what is the relationship between the 129th Movement and the Chinese Communist Party? There is no doubt that the Communist Party played a key role in the 129th Movement.Without the Communist Party as the backbone, the December 9th Movement would have been impossible.Firstly, the August 1st Declaration of the Communist Party gave young students a clear political policy; secondly, the Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi and cooperated with the national salvation movement in the north; thirdly, it was the direct leadership of the Northern Bureau of the Communist Party and party organizations in Shanghai and other places.Only in this way did the 129th Movement take place and spread across all strata of the country, forming a huge political force for the national salvation movement.Young students are like firewood for the 129th Movement. Everything is ready, only a little fire is needed.Who lit the fire? It was the Communist Party.From the day the Communist Party was born, it has been united with young students and intellectuals; similarly, young students and intellectuals can only embark on the correct path if they are with the Communist Party.Intellectuals will not have great strength and cannot accomplish great undertakings unless they are united with workers and peasants; similarly, if there are no intellectuals in the revolutionary ranks, it will be impossible to accomplish great undertakings.Only when intellectuals are correctly combined with workers and peasants can there be an invincible and invincible force.Therefore, intellectuals must unite with the Communist Party, with the masses of workers and peasants, with the revolutionary armed forces, and with the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.All Communists must make it clear to all non-Party sympathizers that our Communist Party welcomes intellectuals very much and is united with intellectuals.Naturally, we must oppose the few bad intellectuals who sabotage the revolution, traitor intellectuals, and "Shen Gongbao" intellectuals.Not opposing such intellectuals is a crime; opposing such intellectuals is beneficial to both the nation and the people.

Now many young intellectuals have no freedom, no right to walk.For example, on the road from Xi'an to Yan'an, there are many gates and defenses, and it is difficult for progressive educated youths to pass through.Because they have neither the Qinglongyanyue knife, the hissing red rabbit horse, nor the ability to pass five levels and kill six generals[6], they have no choice but to be driven to the "training group" of the concentration camp.This matter seems a bit difficult to handle.However, if the intellectuals are integrated with the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and the guerrillas, that is to say, if the pens are integrated with the guns, then things will be easy to handle.Napoleon said that a pen is worth 3,000 muskets.But the pen barrel is useless without the iron musket.You have a pen, add a musket, and, according to Napoleon, you have three thousand and one muskets.With this, we will not be afraid of any imperialism, nor will we be afraid of any diehards.With this, do these dogs dare to take a bite? Since the Opium War, the Chinese people have had 100 years of experience in fighting against imperialism and the forces of darkness, plus the Communist Party’s 18 years of experience in fighting, what things can’t be done? From this point of view, China’s affairs It is easier to handle than before.We must win the war of resistance to the end, overthrow Japanese imperialism, and create a democratic republic! Although there are still imperialists and "Shen Gongbao" who continue to hinder us from doing this, it does not matter. We are now smart and have We are not who we were yesterday, but who we are today.Imperialists, "Shen Gongbao", it's time for you to get out! Printed according to the 23rd issue of "Red Flag" in 1985, and corrected according to the transcript of the speech kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is Mao Zedong's speech at the meeting commemorating the fourth anniversary of the 129 Movement in Yan'an. [2] Li Chang, born in 1914, from Yongshun, Hunan.At that time, he was a member of the Youth Work Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.In 1935, he participated in the December 9th Movement while studying at Tsinghua University. [3] Refers to the declaration issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China on August 1, 1935, "A Letter to All Compatriots for Resisting Japan and Saving the Nation."The manifesto called for an end to the civil war and a united resistance against Japan. [4] Klind was originally the German Minister to China. He was shot dead in Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion in June 1900.In 1901, the Qing government apologized to Germany according to the "Xin Chou Treaty", and erected a monument to Klinde on the north side of the Dongdan archway.In November 1918, the people of Beijing rebuilt the monument into a monument of "Victory of Justice" and moved it to Central Park (now Zhongshan Park).After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was changed to "Defend Peace" archway. [5] Guangqi, a dialect, means to stare big. [6] Qinglong Yanyue Sword, Sifeng Chitu Horse, Passing Five Passes and Killing Six Generals are respectively the weapons, mounts and battle stories of Guan Yu, the famous Shu Han general mentioned in the book.