Chapter 59 Current affairs and others[1]

(February 15, 1945) Comrades: Today's report meeting was initiated by the Fifth and Sixth Departments of the Central Party School.Comrades from the Fifth and Sixth Departments and many other comrades have been in Yan'an for a long time, and I have not said a single word.Today, this kind of meeting is held exclusively for comrades from the fifth and sixth departments, and many other comrades will also participate. The topic I want to talk about today was given to me by comrades: a problem of the current situation, a problem of mountainism, and a problem of censoring cadres.In addition, I would like to talk about other issues.

a momentary problem Everyone cares about the current situation, which is good.The so-called current situation, there is the current situation in the world, and there is the current situation in China.What is the main problem in the world today? Is whether several big countries can unite to eliminate fascism to the end.What is China's main problem? Is whether China can unite to destroy Japanese imperialism. With regard to the current situation, some newspapers, especially the enemy side, often spread rumors that the three great powers, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, cannot be united, that their unity will be broken, that there are disputes, contradictions, and conflicts among them. struggle.Are there disputes among them? There are disputes.There have been disputes in the past, and there are still many unresolved issues that are being discussed in meetings, and there will be more in the future.But among all the problems, there are many problems that can be reached with mutual agreement and can be resolved peacefully; of course, there are also some problems that are controversial and will take a long time to be resolved.Fascists want the three great powers not to unite.There are also some people (we also have such people in China) who are anti-Soviet and anti-communist. They have long hoped that Britain and the United States will one day fight the Soviet Union.There are quite a few people like this, and there are also many people in Britain and the United States who are anti-Soviet and anti-communist, opposing the Communist Party and revolution in their locality, and also opposing the Communist Party and revolution in other places.Then, what is the situation of the three great powers? It can be said that there are frictions, but unity prevails and dominates.Since these major powers signed a treaty to jointly oppose fascism, most of the problems can be solved, and now they are meeting in the Black Sea[2], we estimate that some problems can be solved.They can unite, and we estimate that they can unite not only during the war but also after the war, and can maintain peace for a long time.What is the reason? The reason is that there is a common enemy, and the defeat of this enemy requires the participation of people from all countries.The Soviet Union is the big finger and the main force.You can see that in the fight against fascism in Europe, Britain and the United States only sent 80 divisions, while the Soviet Union sent more than 200 divisions.The Soviet Union has exerted a great deal of strength, and without the Soviet Union it would not have been able to win.Can we win without Britain and the United States? Of course we can't win, but we can't win without the Soviet Union.So the Soviet Union is a great force, a decisive force, and it is indispensable.

The people of Britain and the United States are also different than before, and they are now awakened.Anyone over the age of 40 has experienced World War I.The government of our country at that time, the Beiyang government, participated in the war.What was the level of consciousness of the people of the world at that time? It was much worse than it is now. The consciousness of the people of Britain and the United States, the consciousness of the European people, and the consciousness of the Chinese people were all the same.That world war was an imperialist war, a reactionary war.The Russian Bolshevik Party led by Lenin opposed that war, while the workers' parties in some countries under the leadership of the Second International supported the bourgeois governments of their own countries that participated in that war. It can be seen how conscious the proletariat was at that time. It should be said that Awareness is low.This is true for the proletariat, let alone other working people or intellectuals.How was China at that time? Many people didn’t know what imperialism was, what the Communist Party was, and they hadn’t even heard the name of Marx.The victory of the October Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917 divided world history into two eras, and Marxism became popular all over the world.The October Revolution broke out on the first day, and the Chinese people knew it the next day.Comrades, the practical impact of revolutionary action spreads much faster than theoretical propaganda articles. Of course, without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary action.The October Revolution did not fall from the sky, it was the result of the 70-year-old Marxist movement.After the end of the First World War, the Communist Party of China was born in 1921, and now it has grown to more than one million members.In the twenty-four years from 1921 to this year, China has undergone changes, and the changes have been rapid.These twenty-four years of changes have exceeded the 2,400 years in Chinese history, and even exceeded 3,000 or 4,000 years.Now, the consciousness of the Chinese people has risen, which I think is very good.In the past few years, fascists have been invading everywhere and killing people everywhere. The consciousness of the European people has also been raised, and the consciousness of the American people and the British people has also been raised.One month now is worth many years in history.After a few months, for example, if we hit Berlin and knock down fascism in Germany, the impact on the whole world will be even greater.We need to see this.For this reason, the people of Britain and the United States have awakened, the people of Europe have awakened, and we Chinese people in the East have also awakened.Because the people unanimously demanded the overthrow of fascism, the governments of various countries had to adopt the policy of overthrowing fascism.That group of reactionaries includes Britain, the United States, and China. They oppose the union with the Soviet Union, but if the broad masses of the people do not approve, they have nothing to do.For example, in the elections in the United States, the isolationists suffered losses, because the isolationists opposed cooperation with the Soviet Union, and the American workers opposed them, so they fell down.Similarly, the awareness of our Chinese people prevented Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang's anti-Soviet and anti-communist plot from succeeding.For example, in the three months of July, August, and September of the previous year, the Kuomintang publicized the disbandment of the Communist Party. They said that the Communist International had been disbanded. Why didn’t you disband it? They also said that communism was not suitable for China’s national conditions, and so on.What is the attitude of the common people? No one clapped their hands. The masses in Yan'an held a meeting and sent telegrams to denounce it. The "Liberation Daily" published an article exposing the Kuomintang's behavior of undermining unity. This is how the third anti-communist upsurge was smoothed over.

That is to say, everyone supports the unity of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, and the three countries will also be united.Why is there unity? Because people all over the world have awakened, and because this unity can guarantee the defeat of fascism now and the progress of the world in the future. In what year will the fight against Japan end? This is a question that everyone cares about.Now that the United States has occupied the Philippines, will it land on the coast of China? Will Japan fall in a few months? It seems that it will not fall in a few months, because the Japanese fascists still have things in their hands. It is such a strategy to fight tough battles with the Americans and save capital to fight slowly.

Japan occupied a large area of ​​China, and it was up to us to fight it out, and it was up to comrades from our party school to work persistently in various base areas in North China, Central China, and South China after graduation to fight it out.We are short of millet, rifles and machine guns, not enough troops, and our base areas are not large yet. We still need to increase millet and rice, increase rifles and machine guns, increase the number of troops, and expand the liberated areas.Comrades must understand one truth, these are the things in the world, if you don't move them, they won't move.For example, if I don't move this table, it won't go away; if I don't take this teapot, it won't get up.The same is true for the Japanese, who only leave when we "invite" him to leave.Now our army has developed, our liberated areas have also expanded rapidly, and the production movement has also developed in various base areas, but it is not enough, especially urban work.It is precisely because our strength is still small that the Japanese will not leave, so we must prepare our strength.

Can the Kuomintang and the Communist Party be united? Can they unite to fight Japan? We demand unity every day.The Kuomintang now talks about uniting, because they can't do it unless they say it, but they hate us to death in their hearts.What I said is well-founded, not nonsense.Chiang Kai-shek himself said: "If the Communist Party does not disband, my eyes will still be open when I die." After death, the eyes will not be closed. An old saying is called "Death is not closed."Now Comrade Zhou Enlai has gone to Chongqing again to negotiate with them again.It seems that the Kuomintang is not ready to really solve the problem, saying that if they want to solve the problem, they have to follow their way. They will not do anything we mentioned, but just want us to join their government, and one or two people will go to Chongqing to eat rice.We said, the chairman asks you to do a few things: First, abolish the one-party dictatorship.He said it was difficult.Article two, the establishment of a coalition government.He said that didn't work either.Article 3 recognizes the legal status of all parties.He said this is fine.We say it depends on how legal it is, and saying it is legal under the spy system is in line with the law of the spy system.Article 4, we say that your secret service agency must be banned and cancelled.He said that would not work, the secret service is very good.Article 5, we say that some things must be canceled, that is, those orders and laws that oppress people's freedom must be cancelled.He doesn't do this either.Article 6, we want him to release political prisoners.We say, let Zhang Xueliang[3] be released! Let Yang Hucheng[4] be released! Ye Ting[5] should be released! Let the hundreds and thousands of Communist Party members be released! Don't let it go either.There is another point, we say that you should withdraw the soldiers who surrounded the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area. If the common people are not happy to encircle our border area, you have no troops to fight Japan, so let your troops who attacked us in North China and Central China go to fight Japan! Neither does he.The last one, we say, do you agree with our liberated area? You are required to recognize all anti-Japanese troops and democratically elected governments.This one is not good to talk about, we talked about it last year.He said that four-fifths of the anti-Japanese army led by the Communist Party was disbanded, that is to say, four divisions were left and the rest were all disbanded.We proposed eight items, but he did not implement any of them.We said, you should do two or three or three or four first! He said not to do one.Such is the case with negotiations.

In a word, comrades, to drive away the Japanese invaders depends on our comrades here, on our comrades working in Northwest, North, Central and South China, and on the Chinese people to produce more millet, rice, rifles, machine guns, and more The army expanded the liberated areas, organized guerrillas in the Japanese-occupied areas, and developed the democratic movement in the Kuomintang-ruled areas.Doing these things is reliable, and other things, such as the unity of Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union, are just conditions. That's all about the current situation. The problem of two mountain topism

Everyone is discussing the issue of mountain-topism, which is a factual problem.Our party is made up of many parts.The so-called mountain tops are a product of Chinese society and a product of the Chinese revolution.In the society of China, the people are oppressed by imperialism and feudal forces, because oppression calls for revolution.China is also an agricultural country, and the transportation is very inconvenient.During the civil war, the party and the revolutionary ranks were divided by the enemy into a white area and a Soviet area.The White Areas had this province and that province, and the Soviet Areas had this Soviet Area and that Soviet Area. It took a long time, as long as ten years.The same was true during the Anti-Japanese War. It lasted for eight years, and it was also in this base area and that base area.Tofu is produced in China, and many cubes are drawn according to the method of cutting tofu. This is not drawn by ourselves, but drawn by the enemy.

A party school like ours had never been established during the Civil War.Now Northwest China, North China, Central China, South China, Northeast China, almost all over the country are studying with us.However, our base areas are still divided by the enemy and are not connected as a whole.When the revolutionary party and the revolutionary army in a locality rise up to fight the enemy, they will naturally form various cliques and hilltops.That's why I say that mountain-topism is a product of Chinese society and a product of the special circumstances of the Chinese revolution, and it should be recognized.To eliminate this thing, we need to set up a party school to analyze it and explain it clearly.However, only when the whole country is victorious in the future, when there are big cities, transportation is convenient everywhere, newspapers can be sold all over the country, telecommunications can be connected to all places, and meetings can be held conveniently, then will hilltopism be completely eradicated.Now not only our party school is discussing mountain-top doctrine, but also various organs in Yan'an are also discussing this issue.We advocate meetings of various organs, people who have fought in various base areas, and people from various departments of the army to review history, conduct self-criticism and analyze it. What is the purpose? into a whole.And the review of history by various departments must be based on one premise, that is, the guiding ideology must be correct, so that the review will be beneficial, and only beneficial and harmless.

What is the correct guiding ideology? I would like to make a few comments for discussion. The first is to proceed from unity, from the unity of the whole party, from the unity of one million party members, and from the interests of the 450 million people.When we discuss this issue and any other issues, this is the starting point, or position.Is there any other starting point, any other standpoint? Not anymore.For the benefit of the entire party and the people of the whole country, this is our starting point and our position. The second is to analyze.To analyze is to criticize, and to criticize oneself is also to criticize others.When we analyze a thing, we first break it down and divide it into two aspects to find out which ones are correct and which ones are incorrect, which ones should be promoted and which ones should be discarded. This is criticism.To analyze one's own work and one's own history is self-criticism; to analyze others is to criticize others.It is normal to feel uncomfortable and sad when you are criticized.Now the central government has a resolution to encourage everyone to speak up. Whenever you see shortcomings and mistakes in your work, you should speak up.There are bound to be some flaws in our work, which need to be analyzed, and those that are done correctly must be admitted to be correct, and those that are done incorrectly must be corrected. These are the two things I mentioned here last time: uphold the truth and correct mistakes.What is right is truth.The so-called truth is what has been proved to be in line with the objective reality in our struggle practice, it meets the requirements of the people and enables us to win the struggle.If it has been proven to be a truth by objective facts, then we must admit it and insist on it; if someone opposes such a truth, we must explain it and criticize it.One must persevere in the truths one has come to know. What will happen if one does not persevere? That would be a disaster.To smash the truth is to smash the Chinese people, to smash the Chinese proletariat, to smash the Communist Party, and the revolution will fail.Therefore, whether it is a big truth, a small truth, an overall truth, or a partial truth, all truths should be adhered to.There is another thing called mistakes, which are inappropriate in the middle of the people's struggle, wrong words spoken during the struggle, mistakes in things done, or wrong resolutions written in whole or in part.Wrong things should be thrown away, things that the people don't need should be thrown away, there is no reason to keep them.If it doesn't work in practice, if you say something wrong, do something wrong, or write a resolution wrong, you should correct it.If there are ten resolutions, nine of them are good, and one is wrong, and the wrong one needs to be revised. This is called correcting mistakes.Uphold the truth and correct mistakes. Do you want to adopt this attitude? Yes.Does a Communist Party member want to do this? Do this.Is it necessary to study in the party school like this? It should be like this.This is called fairness.Upholding the truth is fair, and correcting mistakes is also fair.This is the dialectic of upholding truth and correcting mistakes.The most basic principle of dialectics is called the unity of contradiction. A unified thing can be divided into two aspects, such as right and wrong. If you don’t recognize this, you don’t recognize dialectics.Anyone who thinks he is unanalyzable is not mentally prepared for self-criticism.Because many comrades have no such preparations, they have no initiative and are often passive.We should advocate initiative, often check what we do, what we say, and the resolutions we write, and analyze the work we do to see what is right and what is wrong, insist on what is right, and correct what is wrong .Only with such mental preparation can we do good things.Our party school advocates this.Comrades who have gone out of the party school all adopt a consistent attitude, uphold the truth, correct mistakes, and propagate everywhere, to people around you, to people around you, and to propagate with people wherever you go.In this way, things will be easy to handle.Of course, there are still many shortcomings and mistakes that I can't see, so I have to be prepared to ask others to talk about them.If there are shortcomings and mistakes, there are those who have them, and those who don’t have them don’t have them; if they are there, they should be said, and if there are none, they should not be said;

Comrades! We have struggled for twenty-four years and the revolution has not yet been won. This is because our country is too big.When the country is too large, there will be a long-term revolution.The country is too big and there are too many enemies. The three revolutions have not been victorious, the Northern Expedition has not been victorious, the civil war has not been victorious, and the War of Resistance Against Japan has not yet been victorious.Now that the time has come, victory is possible.We have the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and more than one million party members. These are the conditions for victory.From the perspective of objective conditions (international conditions and domestic conditions), victory is possible, but there are also subjective conditions.What are the subjective conditions? It means whether we want to win, whether we are mentally prepared, this is very important.How did the period of the Great Revolution fail? The objective reason was that imperialism was powerful, and the subjective reason was that we were not mentally prepared, our thinking was muddled, and our policies were wrong, so we failed.It was almost the same during the Civil War. The work in the White Areas and the Soviet Areas did not succeed. The objective conditions were that the imperialists were too powerful and the Kuomintang was too powerful. But the first thing was that our party was still very naive politically and was not mentally prepared enough. .These two periods have left a treasure, and this treasure is man.There were very few people left in the first period, and it is necessary to investigate whether there are still one or two thousand people.Although there are few people, this is a bunch of treasures, one is not gold, the other is not silver, more precious than gold and silver.In the second period, there were more people. How many were there? About 20,000 party members are still preserved.In the second period, including the first period, there were 20,000 or a little more than 20,000 people. This group of people is very precious.Now we have more than one million party members. Where did they come from? It grew out of the soil, and the seeds are those 20,000 people.In the first two periods, we did the right thing and also did the wrong thing, which is called tumbling.We reviewed the history of the civil war period, and some comrades also reviewed the period of the Great Revolution and the period of the Anti-Japanese War. This is a very good thing.The purpose of the review is to draw experience and lessons, not to impose responsibility on individual comrades, because imposing on those comrades will not lead to good results. What is the benefit of grinding comrades into powder in a mill? Can it solve the problem? ? does not solve the problem. After years of practice, the Chinese Communist Party has learned to analyze what it does, and must start from uniting the whole party.Starting from uniting the whole party is the first, analyzing and criticizing it is the second, and then there is unity.Unity, criticism, unity, this is our method, this is dialectics.If things are not done well, what is the reason? The reason is that things are not done according to dialectics.Comrade Deng Xiaoping [6] said: How should things be handled? Act in accordance with dialectics.I agree with him.Your various departments hold meetings to review history, whether it was during the Great Revolution, the Civil War, or the Anti-Japanese War, whether that part or this part, the first starting point is unity.If we talk about unity, let’s be harmonious. If we shout “unity” at a meeting, and then shout “unity”, isn’t it over? Acting according to the dialectic method is not over yet. We need to analyze, criticize, clarify problems, and distinguish between right and wrong.When we talk about unity, we need to add analysis, and it is a precise analysis. Look at this side, look at that side, and look at it repeatedly. Thinking matures.We have a lot of experience to prove that mistakes are often caused by looking at one side and not that side, and only listening to one side and not the other side.Why do people have two ears? Wouldn’t it be better to have one? It’s worth studying. I think the advantage of having two ears is: one ear listens to one side, and the other ear listens to the other side.Unity plus analysis, analyze all kinds of contradictory opinions, wrong opinions, and everyone's opinions: either all of them are right, but some sentences are not good; or some of them are right and some of them are wrong ; or all are wrong.Distinguishing right from wrong and then falling into one place is unity.When we talk about unity, we start from uniting the whole party, not from a mountain, or from a small group of people.If we are not careful, the first step is not right, it is not for the sake of unity, and the second step of analyzing and criticizing the work is not very appropriate, then the place where we fall will inevitably be disunity.There have been many such situations in the history of our party.Understanding these histories is very beneficial. It educates us, makes us enlightened, and gradually reduces and eliminates blindness.We have such a set of correct methods now, which is closely related to our preparations for victory in China.If we use this method to study and research, will we achieve victory? We will achieve victory.In recent years, there has been a rectification trend in the work of the whole party, which is to prepare for victory ideologically. Soon our party will hold the Seventh National Congress, which is also to prepare ideologically for victory, to prepare for the victory of the Communist Party of China in the whole country.With the possibility of victory in the objective conditions, we must now intensify preparations for the subjective conditions. On the issue of mountain-top doctrine, comrades should also pay attention to one thing, that is, you have to take into account various situations in every place you go after graduation.When Comrade Wang Zhen [7] led his troops to the south, I told him: The first rule is to see the light, and the second rule is to see the difficulties.If you want to see the light, you must also see the difficulties. This is dialectics, and it is the unity of contradictions.It is bright and difficult at the same time, are you slapping your own mouth? If you talk about the light, you should talk about the light, so what is the difficulty? There were times in the history of our party when we only talked about the light and not the darkness. This is not dialectics. Comrade Deng Xiaoping's opinion was not followed.We talk about the light, but at the same time we must talk about the difficulties.In 1937 and 1938, the students who entered the Anti-Japanese University passed five hurdles and cut six generals, and rushed to Yan'an like a tide, surging and continuously.I was not very busy at the time, so I gave them one lecture every three days and one lecture every five days. I forgot most of what I said, but I still remember one thing.I said that comrades from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Guizhou, Suiyuan[8], and Xinjiang "have not come thousands of miles away, will they benefit our country?" The war of resistance is for the country.I said that a flag was planted on Qingliang Mountain, called New Democracy, that China wants independence, democracy, and people’s livelihood issues, right? Quite right.Is there hope? There is hope.Is it called light? It is called light. It is very bright, not ninety percent bright.But when you came to Yan'an, you fantasized very well and regarded Yan'an as a paradise, which is wrong.Yan'an is neither heaven nor hell, but the world, under the sky and above the earth.I am not wrong at all. The correct way is to regard Yan'an as a part of Chinese society. This place has many shortcomings.Otherwise, after three to five months, when you graduate, you will sigh and say: "If I knew this Yan'an was like this, I would not have come!" Hear me say these words, or not listen to them.Later, a symposium on literature and art was held, and this issue was clarified.Then, how should we look at Yan'an, and how should we look at our revolutionary base area? According to the method of dialectics, proceed from the whole.What is the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region? The border region is one of the bases of the Chinese people's revolution led by the Communist Party of China.The second is Northwest Shanxi, the third is Wutai Mountain, the fourth is Taihang Mountain, and the fifth is... Dongyue Taishan, Nanyue Hengshan, and central and southern China are all bases for the Chinese revolution and the bases for the Chinese people to fight against imperialism and feudalism.Is this definition right? Of course.Under such a definition, what attitude should we adopt towards any of the Chinese people's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal base areas led by the Communist Party of China? First of all, long live! Its disadvantages.There will still be shortcomings in the Shensi-Gansu-Ningsia Border Region ten years from now, even after the victory of the revolution in the whole of China, there will still be shortcomings here.It has been more than 20 years since the October Socialist Revolution in the Soviet Union, and the three five-year plans have been completed. The Red Army is quite strong, and even Hitler was terrified during the war. figure.So be prepared.You set out to go to various places, and you have to shout long live in every place, even nine thousand years, because that is the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal base of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and what you are doing is a heroic cause of hard work.But at the same time, you have to be mentally prepared, be prepared that there are shortcomings, bureaucracy, too many people squeezed into a small house, and there are not as many millets and rice.Also, I didn't know that you were the head of the regiment or the brigade commander in Luli. I only knew that you had two eyes and one nose. I didn't say "comrade head, please sit down." Sit on the bench, or people will talk about your small shortcomings.In this way, you will easily generate something called qi in your heart.Therefore, comrades must be mentally prepared for all kinds of unsatisfactory things, such as how many blockades there are, enemy attacks, no welcome meeting, and there is not enough applause for the welcome meeting, and a few sparse slaps.To say these words of frustration, but not only words of frustration? No.The first thing I said was words of strength, not words of frustration.But if you only talk about strong words, only talk about light, light, light, but in fact there are shortcomings and difficulties, that will not work.So I want to tell comrades: Don't just talk about ample food and clothing, new weapons, and don't write checks at will.To comrades, fighters, and the people, we must tell the truth, right is right, wrong is wrong.Every place has shortcomings and difficulties, and we must estimate the shortcomings and difficulties in advance.When you go to a place, don’t criticize others, but adopt a learning attitude. When you get down there, you become familiar with the work and the people there get to know you, and then you talk about your shortcomings, so that people can listen to them and they will agree. , will also be changed.To adopt such an attitude, adopt an attitude of humility.Now that various departments hold meetings, leading backbones must discuss frequently, provide appropriate guidance, and have a good style of work.this point is very important.If the guidance is appropriate, the campaign will be successful and the meeting will be successful; if the guidance is not appropriate, the meeting will not be held well. Three issues of reviewing cadres I talked about it here last time, but many comrades did not hear it, so I will say it again. In the year before last and last year we carried out the work of examining cadres. This work had been carried out in the history of our party, but it was not done as seriously as in the last two years after the rectification movement.In this work, we have achieved great results, but also made many mistakes. These are two experiences. The first experience is that the achievements are great, which is of great significance for our party and for the Chinese people to prepare for victory.We have two guidelines, that is, adopt a serious attitude and a cautious attitude.Why do we say that our party is different from the parties of the bourgeoisie and also from the parties of the petty bourgeoisie on the issue of organization? Because the party of any other class does not have such seriousness and discipline as the Communist Party.The proletariat is an oppressed class and a class that has no power in its hands. If it wants to be liberated from an oppressed position and a position without power, it must have strict discipline. It must insist on centralization, unity of thought, and unity of action. , to maintain the purity of the party. 'Such a party is a model party that has never existed since its inception.Before the rectification movement, comrades all knew that our party was not ideologically pure, and had non-proletarian ideology, mainly petty bourgeois ideology, and it was quite strong.How is it now? Much progress has been made.Has it been cleaned up? Not yet, work still needs to be done, so the party school still needs to be run.The purpose of running a party school or other schools for cadres is to make our Party ideologically pure and Marxist-Leninist; it should also be pure organizationally, and our censorship of cadres is to make our Party pure organizationally.Such a serious attitude is absolutely necessary, but it is easy to say, but it is often forgotten when we adopt a specific attitude, and it seems that it does not matter if it is not serious.People in the agricultural society reflect the undisciplined state of the agricultural society conceptually, and liberalism is a reflection of small-scale production.Comrades, our Party has grown from tens of thousands of people to more than one million in the past seven or eight years. Our thinking and organization are not pure, and some bad people and impure elements have mixed in.What to do? We should be clean organizationally, we should be clear.How about the movement in the past two years? I would say that we have made a lot of contributions. We have learned to rectify the work style, examine cadres, and examine party members. We have made great achievements in this regard.Some people can't see this, they only see that we have made mistakes, and cited dozens and hundreds of cases, but I know thousands of cases, counting the number of cases still cannot negate the nature of our movement.The nature of this movement is fundamentally correct. It is beneficial to the unity and consolidation of the Chinese Communist Party and the victory of the Chinese people.We have solved many problems. This is an experience. With this experience, in the future, when we go out, everyone can do the work of building the party, sorting out our party organization to make it pure, and sorting out the thoughts of our comrades to make it It is pure.Among the more than one million party members, more than 900,000 joined after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War.This raises the question, do we want to win, do we want to win in the whole country? If we want to, we must have a disciplined, ideologically pure, organizationally pure party, a party that meets unified standards. The first article in the concluding remarks of "History of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of China" states that there must be a party, and what kind of party should it be? It is not a Social Democratic Party, but a Communist Party with a revolutionary style.We need to see results, and this experience will be of great use to our entire party. The second experience is that mistakes are made, and the number of pieces counts as a lot.The party school made many mistakes. Who is responsible? I am responsible because I am the principal of the party school.The whole of Yan'an has made many mistakes. Who is responsible? I am responsible, because I am the one who calls the shots.If something goes wrong elsewhere, who is responsible? I am also responsible, because I am also the one who gave the orders.But, comrades, this mistake itself must be analyzed: one is called a disadvantage, and the other is called an advantage. The disadvantage is that a mistake has been made, and the advantage is also a mistake.During the inspection of cadres, it was found out that some people were comrades, or secret agents, traitors, or surrendered members, or members of other party factions. These people were found out, very good.We should be kind to these people and be united with them. Whether they speak out voluntarily or by force, as long as they speak out, we welcome them and help them correct their mistakes. What I say counts, and the checks I send out are To be honored.A check—one is not to be killed, has this one been cashed? It has not been cashed! Now if we verbally say that one is not to be killed and two people are killed, wouldn’t it be a slap in the mouth! Indeed, we did not kill any of them.To distinguish right from wrong.If it is, it is a spy, a traitor, a surrendered member, or another party member, what should we do? Unite with him to fight against the Japanese.People are now willing to fight the war, but they took the wrong path in the past, and if they don’t take the same path now, forget it.We announce this mainly to help those comrades who have taken the wrong path.Because the Party had many shortcomings in the past, people were afraid and did not dare to speak up, so they did not speak up. Now it is good to speak out.For those who wear the wrong hat, what should we do if we treat no as yes? No is no, take off the hat and pay no.The party school also got some comrades wrong. If there are such comrades present, I will make a mistake.Then, what should be the attitude of the person who is wearing the wrong hat? When we put a hat on him, he should be angry! He thinks I am not a spy, why did a traitor put this hat on me? , is this right? This is not right.Now I will take off my hat to you and pay you no, what kind of attitude should you adopt? You should pay me back a salute! Now I salute you, if you don’t return the salute, I can’t let go of my hand.Comrade, in the past we regarded you as a spy and a traitor, not as a comrade, we made a mistake.Originally, the fire of this kind of anger was directed at the enemy instead of the comrades, but it turned out to be directed at the comrades, which is called a mistake.However, the motive and purpose at the beginning was to face the enemy, and the direction of the whole movement was to face the enemy, not comrades, so anyone who wore the wrong hat was taken off.All these comrades who have been mislabeled, you have reason in your hands, you have reason, and we have no reason, so you should feel at ease on this point.同志们，在我们党的历史上，给人戴错帽子取下来的事有没有?有。但是像我们去年采取的那样的态度，过去就很少，过去搞错了把帽子取下来就不理了。所以我说，在审查干部工作中，对被搞错了的人承认错误，赔一个不是，这是我们的进步，是我们全党的一个进步。我们对人民讲的话，作出的决议案，制定的这样那样的政策，都是这样，凡是搞错了的，都要修正错误，赔一个不是，老老实实地赔不是。我们要有这样的态度。这叫做什么态度?自我批评的态度。斯大林写了一本书叫《列宁主义概论》，讲列宁主义的方法论有四条，其中有一条就是自我批评。我前面讲的山头主义问题，讲来讲去就是讲自我批评这个方法。团结、批评、团结，第二个步骤就是批评和自我批评。中国革命要胜利，我们就要采取这种态度。犯错误本身有两个方面:第一是犯了错误，不好。第二是犯了错误之后又会变成经验，比如以后再来审查干部，双方都有了经验。给别人戴错帽子的同志，因为犯过错误，以后再给别人戴帽子时，就会比过去谨慎。被戴错帽子的同志，以后给别人戴帽子时，也会谨慎，因为他吃过亏。将来我们到北平、上海、南京再去审查干部，做反奸工作时，就会好得多。所以，我说是两条经验:一个是成绩，一个是缺点，这两条都有用处，成绩要发扬，错误要修正。我们采取严肃态度和谨慎态度，这是两条战线的斗争。严肃态度是反对右倾，不严肃就是右倾、自由主义；谨慎态度是反对“左”倾，不谨慎就出乱子。 我要讲的主要问题讲完了。 上次我在这里讲到各部分革命团体，讲到一方面军、二方面军、四方面军，每一方面军里头又有各个部分，其中讲得不完全，还有一个十五军团讲漏了。在我报告以后，有一个同志写信给我，说十五军团从前有过很大的牺牲，应该讲到它。今天我想补充讲讲那天没有提到的问题。 第一个问题，关于南方、北方问题。这个问题我早已注意到了，那天忘记提了。现在在西北、华北、华中这三个地方工作的同志，大体上可以分为两部分:一部分是外面来的南方人，一部分是本地人。这个问题为什么要提一下?因为要使得我们的同志注意这个问题。这个问题的性质就是外来干部与本地干部的关系，军队干部与地方干部的关系。外来干部与本地干部，军队干部与地方干部，在抗战时期发生乱子和磨擦的很多，是一个普遍的现象。我想外来同志首先要有一种认识，要认识陕甘宁边区和华北、华中各地的本地同志们的功劳和他们的长处。我过去没有讲清这点，没有很好分析，也不怪那些同志。整风后我才讲这个问题，综合了好多经验。南方的同志，在西北，在华北、华中，现在还活着的不到二万人，他们有很大的功劳，北方的同志、本地的同志应该感谢他们，西北的人民，华北、华中的人民，应该感谢那些南方的老布尔什维克。中国革命长期在南方发展，到了抗战时期才转移到了北方。太平天国、辛亥革命、北伐战争、土地革命主要的都是在南方，南方是很光荣的。但是同志们，这些革命都失败了，太平天国失败了，辛亥革命失败了，北伐战争失败了，土地革命失败了，都失败了。又有光荣，又有困难，还是讲两方面。南方有老布尔什维克，北方也有老布尔什维克，并且也不很少，陕甘宁边区就有，华北也有一大批，陈毅[11]同志讲华中也有。南方的老布尔什维克，不要以为“只此一家，别无分号”。我们要认识这个陕甘宁边区，它有缺点，叫做“地广人稀，经济落后”，但是只有陕北根据地保留下来了，其他的根据地都丢了。陕甘宁边区的作用非常大，我说它是中国革命的一个枢纽，中国革命的起承转合点。长征结束以后，起是从这个地方起的，转也是从这个地方转的。万里长征，脚走痛了，跑到这个地方休息一下，叫做落脚点。我们不是要永远住在这里，这个地方是落脚点，同时又是出发点。你们等两天就要走，将来中央也要走。抗战以来，我们的队伍除新四军外，都是从这里出发的，最近王震又是从这里出发的，戴季英[12]也是从这里出发的，北方的队伍都是从这里出发的。在北方，在华北，也有革命好多年的党员，像彭真、薄一波[13]，当然还有很多，他们在班房里头同敌人斗争了许多年。在北方、在华北的地方党也发动过一些暴动，虽然是失败了。许多同志经历过三个时期，即北伐战争、国内战争、抗日战争。听陈毅同志讲，华中也发现当地有这样的同志，特别是苏北、苏南。这个问题为什么要提一下?就是我们的同志应该看到这个问题，外来的同志应该看到这一点。不但南方是光荣的，我自己是光荣的，华北也是光荣的，华中也是光荣的；不但一方面军是光荣的，二方面军是光荣的，四方面军是光荣的，陕北红军也是光荣的。各部分里头的每一部分都是光荣的，是不是有一部分就高一等，有一部分就矮一等，我看不高不矮都光荣。南方、北方也不高不矮都光荣。抗战时期入党的有九十几万人，这应当引起几万外来干部的注意和重视；同时，这九十几万人应该感激这几万人，因为他们教会了我们关于战争这一套经验。 第二个问题，关于大后方党的问题。大后方党大概有十万人，是周恩来同志、董必武[14]同志还有在座的许多同志他们负责领导的。在前年审查干部的时候，有的同志觉得那些地方的党不大靠得住，“红旗政策”[15]很多。根据去年甄别的结果，事实上证明也应该是两条:首先应该采取严肃态度，因为在国民党统治底下，有坏人混进来破坏我们，一些坏人混进来了，一些不纯洁的人混进来了，我们今天应该承认这一条。第二条不可夸大，切记不可以为多得了不得。究竟有多少?现在还无法计算，等将来全国胜利后才能搞清楚，但是估计可以作，十万人里头大多数应该说是好的，不是特务。为什么这样讲?因为在那里大批的是农民同志，国民党就是在被它破坏了的地方，对他们也不大注意，我们又采取疏散的方针，到处散了，一盘散沙，所以就能隐蔽下来，就可以不被破坏或者少被破坏。此外，还要估计到国民党的官僚主义，不要把国民党看得神乎其神。我们对自己内部要搞清楚，大体上是这样两条:一条承认地方党有问题；一条承认大多数的同志是好的，是没有问题的，是纯洁的，少部分是不纯洁的，有问题的。这样的估计应该作出来。应该讲南方工作的同志有成绩，总的说来在抗战期间有成绩。在战略方面来说，只有根据地也不行，要有三个方面——解放区、沦陷区、大后方，三位一体，缺一不可。 最后，关于白区工作问题。这个问题我从前没有想到，那天陈毅同志告诉我有这样一个问题，他提得很对。从前我们批评内战时期白区工作的领导路线有问题，有某些时候应该说是有错误，因而使白区工作受了很大的损失。过去说损失百分之百，现在看没有到那样的程度，还剩下一些，大部分是损失了。领导路线是错误的，应该受批评。批评的目的，是为了今后好好地工作，不要再犯那样的错误，并不是说所有在白区工作的同志、干部没有功劳。这就像南方根据地丢掉了，并不等于说红军战士和干部、地方同志和干部他们没有功劳，没有艰苦奋斗、英勇牺牲一样。白区工作的同志中，没有坐过班房还活着的、没有坐过班房牺牲了的、坐过班房还活着的、坐过班房牺牲了的这几部分人，他们为党为无产阶级作了英勇斗争，他们拿着命去拼，因为这样才坐了班房，少数侥幸逃脱的没有坐班房，应该估计到他们斗争的成绩。 这三个问题，因为上次没有讲今天补充一下，我想讲的问题就是这些，完了。 Published based on the transcript of the speech kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1]这是毛泽东在中共中央党校的报告。 [2]指克里米亚会议，又称雅尔塔会议。一九四五年二月四日至十一日，苏、美、英三国首脑在苏联克里米亚半岛的雅尔塔举行会议，协调最后击败德国的军事计划，讨论欧洲的战后安排和对日作战等问题，秘密签订了《苏美英三国关于日本的协定》（即《雅尔塔协定》），并发表了《苏美英三国克里米亚会议公报》。 [3]张学良，见本卷第144页注[16]。 [4]杨虎城（一八九三——一九四九），陕西蒲城人。曾任国民党军第十七路军总指挥，西安绥靖公署主任。一九三六年十二月十二日和张学良一起发动西安事变，次年六月被迫“出洋考察”，十一月回国后被蒋介石长期囚禁，一九四九年在重庆被杀害。 [5]叶挺，一九三七年十月起任新四军军长。一九四一年一月在蒋介石发动的皖南事变中被扣押。 [6]邓小平，当时任中共中央北方局代理书记、八路军第一二九师政治委员。 [7]一九四四年十一月上旬，王震、王首道率八路军南下支队从延安出发，王震任司令员。 [8]绥远，即绥远省，一九五四年撤销，原辖区划归内蒙古自治区。 [9]，见本卷第121页注[4]。 [10]戈尔洛夫，是苏联剧作家柯涅楚克在话剧《前线》中塑造的苏联卫国战争期间一个前线总指挥，他脱离实际，不肯学习新知识，又好摆老资格。 [11]陈毅，当时任新四军代理军长，这时正在延安准备出席中国共产党第七次全国代表大会。 [12]戴季英，一九0七年生，湖北黄安（今红安）人。一九四四年十月被任命为八路军河南军区政治委员，同司令员王树声从陕北率两个团及大批干部进入河南，建立河南人民抗日军。 [13]彭真，一九二三年加入中国共产党。一九二九年任中共顺直省委职工运动委员会书记，同年六月被捕，一九三五年出狱。抗日战争时期，任中共中央晋察冀分局书记、中共中央党校副校长、中共中央组织部代理部长等职。薄一波，一九二五年加入中国共产党。曾任中共太原地委组织部部长，一九二九年被捕，一九三六年出狱。抗日战争时期，任山西青年抗敌决死队第一总队政治委员、中共太岳区委书记、中共中央太行分局副书记等职。 [14]董必武，当时任中共中央南方局副书记兼宣传部部长、统战部部长。 [15]抗日战争时期，国民党特务机关曾开办和组织一些伪装进步的报社、书店及文化团体，甚至组织假共产党，诱捕进步青年和共产党员，迫其自首，再让他们加入或留在共产党组织内部充当内奸，同时又派遣干探，以“左”的面目混入共产党机关内潜伏，伺机破坏。国民党的这种反共策略被称为“红旗政策”。在延安整风审干期间，曾出现过对这方面的敌情估计过于严重，反“红旗政策”扩大化的现象。