Chapter 29 The Situation in the Three Months since the Victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan and Several Work Guidelines for the Future[1]

(November 12, 1945) The current situation has developed rapidly recently. Since the Soviet Union sent troops and Japan surrendered, it has been a bit of a rush for three months. Both the KMT and the Communist Party and the United States are like this.Now, our situation is that the train is on the track.The guerrilla forces of the past are forming powerful field armies.Then there is another long march of thousands of miles, and more than 30,000 cadres are already on the way to the northeast. Peng Zhen[2] called to say that he had received 3,000 cadres, not including those who went to Shandong.The field armies we formed, counting those who have already left and some of them are now: Nie Rongzhen[3] The first field army was originally scheduled to have 70,000 people, but now it is less than 70,000; He Long[4] has 30,000 people, but now it is less than 30,000 ; Liu Bocheng [5] 70,000; Chen Yi [6] 70,000; Li Xiannian [7] 30,000; Su Yu [8] 50,000.These six major military regions in the pass, plus a military region in the northeast (Lin Biao[9] 200,000), made a total of seven major military regions.There are 320,000 field troops in the six major military regions, 200,000 in the Northeast, and a total of 520,000. In a few weeks, the formation work can be basically completed.

Sending 190,000 troops to the Northeast is the first large-scale military mobilization since the Communist Party began.It has reached 90,000, and 100,000 are leaving.10,000 from Li Yunchang's [10] department, 2,000 from Shake's [11] department, 2,000 from Cao Lihuai's [12] department, 4,000 from Huang Yongsheng's [13] department, 5,000 from Liu Zhuanlian's [14] department, and Yang Guofu's [15] department There are seven thousand in the department, seven thousand in the department of Liang Xingchu [16], twenty thousand in the department of Xiao Hua [17], and fifteen thousand in the department of Wan Yi [18].Huang Kecheng[19] had 35,000 troops, and they left the customs in a few days.Li Yunchang arrived early, and the army has expanded to 100,000.Shanhaiguan is now fighting and has been fighting for a week.In terms of time, we can still strive for the last eighteen days of this month, because the Soviet army will withdraw at the end of this month[20].If Huang Kecheng's troops arrive in Jinzhou, there will be more than 60,000 veterans on the front line.In Huludao and Yingkou, the Kuomintang army has not yet landed today, and may not land.The battle is only fought in Shanhaiguan, and there is always time.Chiang Kai-shek was going to airlift troops, but the United States did not send out pilots, and the Soviet army could not airlift them if they did not leave.If we can persist in Shanhaiguan within two weeks, and if the Kuomintang troops do not land in Huludao and Yingkou, and win these two, we will have a solution.In the name of the Manchurian People's Self-Defense Forces, Shaq did not allow American Lieutenant General Barbey to land, so they did not land.The last two weeks have been a key.

The odds of our taking control of the Northeast are growing.The Kuomintang troops did not land in Huludao and Yingkou, and the Soviet army allowed them to land.The foreign minister of the Kuomintang government asked the communist army to retreat, but the Soviet army said it was a matter for China.They may not be able to log in in the future, only Shanhaiguan can persist in fighting.The Kuomintang's forces have not yet been concentrated, and Ping and Tianjin are on the defensive, and the five divisions in Shijiazhuang are in a hurry.They took advantage of the gap to enter five divisions in Shijiazhuang and two divisions in Jinan, but they can't move now.Now they plan to transport a division from Peiping to Changchun, but the Tianjin headquarters said that the Communist Army has 100,000 troops in that area and cannot be transported away.Now they may transport at most three armies.

We can only do but not talk about things in the Northeast.Now we have taken over part of the political power, 120,000 guns, and some cannons, and the factories have also taken over some.In another one or two weeks, before the Soviet army withdraws, it must be received.There must be people and soldiers to receive them. Now there are not many people receiving them near Shenyang. That area is very tense and there is a battle for it.What is lacking now is Changchun and Harbin. If there is a regiment, we will take over as soon as the Soviet army leaves. We are mobilizing 100,000 troops, Luo Ronghuan[21] has 40,000 troops, Ye Fei[22] has 22,000 troops, Tan Zheng[23] has 5,000 troops, Yang Dezhi[24] has 22,000 troops, and Chen Geng[25] has 22,000 troops. Twelve thousand people, a total of one hundred and one thousand people, were preparing to flank the Kuomintang army.Now it is transported by sea, 6,000 people at a time, once every three days, and no danger has been encountered so far.The Northeast has a population of more than 30 million. We have gone to so many cadres and soldiers, and it is almost the same.

In the pass, it can be said that the three-way offensive[26] of the Kuomintang army has been broken by us.In August of this year, Fu Zuoyi led more than 60,000 people to march eastward along the Pingsui line and occupy the towns that had been liberated by us.About a month after the troops of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei and Shanxi-Sui military regions were assembled and trained, the first counterattack took Fu's troops to Pingdiquan, and then continued to fight back to Guisui.Yesterday we made a general attack on Guisui, planning to go all the way to Wuyuan and Linhe[27].Now Fu's original plan has been broken. Even if we can't get Guisui and Baotou, it will be difficult for him to attack again.In the Battle of Shangdang[28], Yan Xishan's main force was wiped out, and 27 generals were captured.This battle is of great significance, and we have no worries.Shangdang District is the place where troops are dispatched.The Battle of Ping-Han[29] was fought for ten days and was the most important of these battles, blocking the northward advance of the Kuomintang's hundreds of thousands of troops.Now there are 30 Kuomintang Army divisions in the area from Tongguan to Xuzhou. Because of this battle, they were unable to advance. Li Xiannian's troops and the New Fourth Army in northern Jiangsu also played a pinching role.Only two brigades were transferred from the New Fourth Army to Shandong, and they cooperated with the troops of the Shandong Military Region to wipe out Wu Huawen's [30] department. After a few days, there were four brigades, a total of eighteen regiments, and their strength was even greater.On Tongpu Road, Chen Geng's column captured Hongdong and Zhaocheng.Chen Geng's department was transferred from Taiyue, so Taiyue had to organize several regiments to guard against Hu Zongnan[31].

Chiang Kai-shek's meeting in Chongqing[32] was actually to study how to deal with us.At present, the Kuomintang has a maximum of 127 divisions (49 armies) against us. In fact, the New First Division in Guangzhou can only dispatch a regiment, and the New Sixth Army in Nanking can only attack Pukou. Therefore, At best, there are no more than fifty armies.Now we have wiped out nine of their armies, leaving only forty armies.At present, it is difficult for them to increase their strength. Except for the key points of defense, no more than half of them can conduct field operations, and our field army has basically been formed.During this period, we seized 200,000 guns.

Our policy is not only to determine the negotiation with Chiang Kai-shek, but also to prepare that Chiang must fight.Jiang adopted a two-handed strategy, so we followed his example and also practiced two-handed tactics.We did not affect our military operations because of the negotiations. We concentrated our troops and fought three major battles[33], and we also sent cadres to the Northeast. In general, Jiang will definitely attack, and I will fight resolutely.It is not yet possible to say: we have controlled the Northeast and gained the upper hand in North China.Only when it is truly laid down can it be said to belong to us.Only then can we raise the issue of Northeast autonomy.After controlling the Northeast, is the Kuomintang not allowed to get involved? It is allowed.But they will never allow us to intervene. Now the United States and Chiang Kai-shek must punish us, which puts a lot of pressure on us. There is no other way but to fight.Negotiations are about talking.We do not set up a central government, and when Chiang Kai-shek issued a crusade order, we only want him to withdraw his order.Meetings of people's representatives in liberated areas may also be held.If he cancels the Eighteenth Army, we Zhu Peng [34] will build the People's Liberation Army, and we can also send a telegram asking him to withdraw his order and cancel the wrong policy.There is also a possibility that he did not issue a crusade order.

The United States is actually interfering in China's internal affairs, but it also has weaknesses and must declare non-interference.There are reports that it will send 200,000 U.S. troops, but this has not been confirmed, so it may not be possible.Even if it comes to 200,000, the distribution in China is quite thin and very weak.The American proletariat is in solidarity with us. The demonstration in New York is a fact. Comrade Zhou Enlai has sent a telegram. There are two basic weaknesses of Jiang's army: the soldiers' hearts are not solid, and the people's hearts are not returning.There is also a shortage of ammunition and insufficient food. The war depends entirely on firepower. We charge it and it collapses. One grenade can take out five machine guns.In addition, the weather was unfavorable. There were many people in the south of Jiang's army, and it was very cold to go to the north to fight.The most important of these are the morale of the army and the hearts of the people.In addition, there is also the possibility of mutiny by motley troops, such as Sun Liangcheng[35] may come over, and Zhang Lanfeng[36] may also come.In addition, there are Liu Ruming, Cao Fulin, Shang Zhen, Feng Zhian[37], plus the Thirty-eighth Army[38].Gao Shuxun[39] had a great impact, and the telegram was widely spread, and now it has been celebrated everywhere.Road breaking has also become a propaganda war, they say we sabotage demobilization, we say it is one of the means to stop the civil war.We organized the Road Breaking Command, taking into account both public and private interests. The masses got the rails and sleepers, and they were very active.Jiang's army is coming very fiercely and puts a lot of pressure on us. There is no other way but to resist.If we don't fight, we will definitely be wiped out. If we fight, we will be wiped out. Why don't we fight? It is very likely that we will win by fighting.

Will the fight lead to a world war? I don't think so.After the war, the Soviet Union must recuperate. It does not want a new world war to happen again, unless someone attacks the Soviet Union.As long as we have the present conditions, we are not afraid if the Soviet Union does not help us.The United States is actually interfering in China, but as long as we keep winning wars, he has to think about it too.In World War II, many people did not believe that the Soviet Union could win.Now I don't believe that we can win.Bai Chongxi[40]'s secretary said that Bai did not believe that they could not win the fight anyway.If we can persist for half a year, both Chiang Kai-shek and the United States may reconsider the issue.

Now the liberated areas need to carry out production and rent reduction, and the new areas need to carry out a large-scale rent reduction movement, thoroughly and universally.If this is done, the vitality of the people will be restored.Should the land of the landlords be confiscated? The policy of the Seventh National Congress is still to reduce rent and interest rates. It must be completely reduced, and the prestige of the landlords must be beaten down. In terms of production, next year we must organize grain and daily necessities.Now the large corps is fighting, and it consumes a lot.For industrial production, we do not have big cities, only medium-sized cities.

If the rent is not reduced thoroughly, the mood of the masses will not improve and they will not be interested in production.Now it is necessary to divide the front and the rear, so as not to leave the rear work unattended.I'm afraid it will take another two months to get on track. In the Northeast, economic work is a big problem.What Benxi Lake, what Fushun, who will do it? Comrade Shaoqi [41] said earlier, whoever can do it will do it.Those old people are the ones who drive the trains on the Pingsui Line now.Northeast industry accounts for 80% of the country's industry, and it is possible to use Japanese technicians to set up this 80% industry. Published based on the transcript of the speech kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is Mao Zedong's speech at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. [2] Peng Zhen, then secretary of the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the first political commissar of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army. [3] Nie Rongzhen was then the commander and political commissar of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region. [4] He Long, then commander of the Jinsui Military Region. [5] Liu Bocheng, then commander of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Military Region. [6] Chen Yi, then commander of the New Fourth Army and commander of the Shandong Military Region. [7] Li Xiannian, then commander of the Central Plains Military Region. [8] Su Yu was the commander of the Central China Field Army at that time. [9] Lin Biao, then commander-in-chief of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army. [10] Li Yunchang, born in 1908, from Leting, Hebei.At that time, he was the second deputy commander of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army. [11] Shaq (1907-1993), from Dandong, Liaoning.At that time, he served as chief of staff of the Jizhong Military Region. [12] Cao Lihuai, born in 1909, was born in Xingning (now Zixing), Hunan.At that time, he was the Chief of Staff of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region. [13] Huang Yongsheng was the commander of the Second Brigade of the Shan-Gan-Ning-Jin-Sui Joint Defense Army at that time. [14] Liu Zhuanlian (1912-1992), a native of Chaling, Hunan.At that time, he was the commander of the second detachment of the Eighth Route Army going south. [15] Yang Guofu (1905-1982), from Huoqiu, Anhui.At that time, he was the commander of the Seventh Division of the Shandong Military Region. [16] Liang Xingchu was the commander of the First Division of the Shandong Military Region at that time. [17] Xiao Hua (1916-1985), a native of Xingguo, Jiangxi.At that time, he was the commander and political commissar of the Dongman Temporary Headquarters. [18] Wan Yi, born in 1907, is from Jin County, Liaoning.At that time, he served as the deputy commander of the Binhai Navy District and the head of the Binhai Detachment. [19] Huang Kecheng was then the commander and political commissar of the Third Division of the New Fourth Army. [20] The Soviet army originally planned to withdraw from Northeast China and return to China at the end of November 1945, but it was postponed to March 1946, and the withdrawal was completed in early May. [21] Luo Ronghuan was the second political commissar of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army at the time. [22] Ye Fei was the commander of the first column of the New Fourth Army at that time.Ye Fei and his subordinates did not go to the Northeast because of the change of the plan of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China. [23] Tan Zheng (1907-1988), a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan.At that time, he served as the deputy political commissar and director of the Political Department of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi-Sui Joint Defense Force. [24] Yang Dezhi, then commander of the first column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army.Later, Yang Dezhi and his troops did not go to the Northeast because the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China changed its plan. [25] Chen Geng, then commander of the fourth column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Military Region.Chen Geng and his subordinates did not go to the Northeast because of the change of the plan of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China. [26] After mid-August 1945, the Kuomintang troops advanced and attacked the North China Liberated Areas in three routes from west to east and from south to north along the Pingsui, Tongpu, Pinghan, and Jinpu railway lines.On West Road, Fu Zuoyi's four armies dispatched from Suixi, and after occupying Guisui (now Hohhot), Jining and other cities, they moved eastward along Pingsui Road and approached Zhangjiakou; Hu Zong's southern eight armies left Tongguan from Guanzhong , the main force marched eastward along the Longhai Road, part of it turned north along the Tongpu Road, and prepared to move eastward along the Zhengtai Road to capture Shijiazhuang and advance into Beiping and Tianjin; Invaded the Changzhi area in southeastern Shanxi controlled by the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan People's Army.On the middle road, Sun Lianzhong's three armies left Zhengzhou from the west of Henan and marched northward along the Pinghan Road, preparing to open up the Pinghan Road and join Hu Zongnan in Shijiazhuang.On the East Road, the two armies of Li Pinxian's department occupied Pukou and Bengbu, and marched northward along Jinpu Road, preparing to join the four armies of Li Yannian's department in Xuzhou.The Kuomintang's intention is to quickly control strategic areas and lines of communication such as North China, divide the Liberated Areas, open access to the Northeast, and use strong military pressure to force the CCP to yield in negotiations. [27] This is about the Battle of Suiyuan, see note [1] on page 34 of this volume. [28] Battle of Shangdang, see note [8] on page 35 of this volume. [29] Ping-Han Campaign, see note [1] on page 38 of this volume. [30] Wu Huawen (1904-1962), a native of Ye County, Shandong.At that time, he was the commander-in-chief of the Fifth Route Army of the Kuomintang Army. [31] Hu Zongnan, then the commander-in-chief of the first theater of the Kuomintang army. [32] Refers to the Kuomintang military meeting chaired by Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing from November 9 to 16, 1945. The meeting made the deployment of defeating the Communist army within six months, and then implementing divisional "encirclement and suppression". [33] Refers to the Battle of Shangdang, the Battle of Suiyuan and the Battle of Handan. [34] Zhu, referring to Zhu De.Peng, refers to Peng Dehuai (1898-1974), a native of Xiangtan, Hunan. [35] Sun Liangcheng (1893-1951), a native of Jinghai, Hebei (now part of Tianjin).At that time, he was the commander-in-chief of the Second Route Army of the Kuomintang Army. [36] Zhang Lanfeng (1902-1952), a native of Zhecheng, Henan.At that time, he was the commander-in-chief of the Third Route Army of the Kuomintang Army. [37] Liu Ruming (1895-1975), a native of Xianxian County, Hebei Province, was the deputy commander-in-chief of the Fifth Theater of the Kuomintang Army at that time.Cao Fulin (1891-1964), a native of Jingzhou (now Jingxian County), Hebei Province, was the deputy commander-in-chief of the Second Army of the Kuomintang Army and the commander of the 55th Army at that time.Shang Zhen (1887-1978), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, served as the army commander of the Kuomintang government at that time.Feng Zhi'an (1896-1954), a native of Gucheng, Hebei, was the deputy commander-in-chief of the Sixth Theater of the Kuomintang Army and the commander-in-chief of the 33rd Army. [38] Refers to the 38th Army of the Kuomintang Army.In May 1946, Kong Congzhou, the deputy commander of the army, led an uprising in Gongxian County, Henan Province. [39] Gao Shuxun (1898-1972), a native of Yanshan, Hebei.He was formerly the deputy commander of the 11th war zone of the Kuomintang army and the commander of the New Eighth Army. On October 30, 1945, he led an uprising of about 10,000 people from the army and the Hebei People's Army.See note [1] on page 38 of this volume. [40] Bai Chongxi (1893-1966), a native of Lingui (now Guilin), Guangxi.At that time, he was the deputy chief of staff of the Kuomintang Military Commission. [41] Shaoqi, namely Liu Shaoqi.