Chapter 77 The Present Situation and the Party's Tasks in 1949[1]

(January 8, 1949) A. The current situation: (1) In terms of military affairs, plan for one year and exceed half a year [2].From July to December 1948, one hundred and forty-eight divisions of the enemy's regular army were wiped out, including one hundred and eleven entire divisions.At the end of the Pingjin, Huaihai, Taiyuan, and Datong campaigns, another sixty or more entire divisions will be wiped out.The above-mentioned two items that have been annihilated and will be annihilated total more than 210 divisions, and more than 173 divisions belong to the whole division.After the spring of 1949, the Kuomintang had only a few hundred and sixty divisions left, most of which were newly formed, or supplemented after being wiped out, or those with weak combat effectiveness. Some have strong combat effectiveness, such as the Guangxi and Majia[3].In 1949 the Kuomintang may mobilize about 500,000 people, and in addition to supplementing the existing divisions, it will form several new divisions, but they will have no combat effectiveness.After the battles of Pingjin, Huaihai, Taiyuan and Datong, can we say that the Kuomintang regime has been basically defeated by us? As far as its main military force has been wiped out, it can be said that.But there are still several big battles to be fought in Nanjing, Wuhan, Xi'an and other places.After fighting these major battles, we have basically defeated the Kuomintang regime not only militarily but also politically and economically.The basic overthrow of the Kuomintang does not mean the complete overthrow of the Kuomintang. There are still many enemy troops in China to be wiped out and many areas to be occupied and worked by us.The concept of underestimating the enemy should never exist, and we must never let victory go to our heads.

(2) The balance of class forces in China has undergone fundamental changes.The broad masses of the people broke away from the influence and control of the Kuomintang in large groups and came to our side.The liberal bourgeoisie [4] has found a way out to us, and very few have followed the Kuomintang.Representatives of various democratic parties and people's organizations have come or are coming to the liberated areas in batches.The entire Kuomintang's strategic front north of the Yangtze River has collapsed, and the Kuomintang is in a state of great chaos and collapse in the area under its rule.We are now fully confident of defeating the Kuomintang on a national scale.1949 and 1950 will be the two years when the Chinese revolution will triumph throughout the country.We must carry the revolution through to the end and not allow it to stop halfway.We must persuasively carry out education work within the Party, the People's Liberation Army and among the masses, and carry out the work of explaining among the representatives of the democratic parties and people's organizations, so that everyone understands that the revolution must be carried through to the end and not Reasons for giving up halfway.The Kuomintang's so-called peace negotiations[5] conspiracy must continue to be exposed and attacked.

(3) The favorable conditions for going to the south to fight are: the Kuomintang army has no main force, but we have a strong army; the Kuomintang's prestige has been lost, especially after Nanjing and Wuhan are captured by us, it will be even more prestige. The party has great prestige; the south is an area that has gone through the revolution from 1924 to 1927 and the agrarian revolution in the years after 1927, and now there are many guerrilla units and guerrilla forces. Area.These are favorable conditions.The disadvantage of going to the south to fight is that the most extensive area is under the rule of the Kuomintang, and our party's organization there is not yet strong, and the masses there have not yet been mobilized.Under such conditions, the provision of the army will encounter many difficulties in the first period; the big cities are easy to capture, but it will be much more difficult to control them than the northern cities.These are disadvantages.We must be aware of both the above favorable and unfavorable conditions, and we must clearly explain them to all the cadres and soldiers who are going to the south, so that they are fully mentally prepared to make good use of the favorable conditions to overcome the unfavorable conditions and strive for a better future. national victory.

(4) We have always included the possibility of the United States directly sending troops to occupy some cities along the coast of China and fighting us in our battle plan.Don't give up this kind of calculation now, lest we be in a situation where we are at a loss when things happen.However, the stronger and more resolute the Chinese people's revolutionary forces are, the less likely it will be for direct military intervention by the United States, and the possibility of aiding the Kuomintang with finances and weapons will also be reduced.This has been proved by the fluctuations and certain changes in the US government's attitude over the past year, especially in the past three months.The erroneous view of the overestimation of U.S. imperialist power existing among the Chinese people and within our Party must continue to be pointed out and overcome.

(5) The U.S. imperialist policy toward China has changed from simply supporting the Kuomintang's armed opposition to the Communist Party to a two-faced policy.This is: on the one hand, support the remnants of the Kuomintang military forces and local warlords, and continue to resist the People's Liberation Army;When the People's Liberation Army was close to national victory, it even did not hesitate to use the method of recognizing the People's Republic in order to obtain legal status and implement this "internal sabotage" policy.We must heighten our vigilance against this imperialist conspiracy and resolutely smash it. [6]

(6) In the past few years, especially in 1948, most of the party's cadres have systematically learned various specific policies and tactics in rural work, urban work and military work , systematically corrected the right and "left" biases.What many comrades have not learned over a long period of time, they have learned within a year.In this way, the party's general line[7] can be implemented throughout the party.This is the greatest and most fundamental victory.This is a tremendous increase in the political maturity of our party.Such a thing indicates that our party will be able to secure national power within a short period of time.In order to ensure victory, extensive and in-depth policy education work must be carried out in 1949.Saying that we have "learned" does not mean that we should stop learning. We still have a lot to learn.To say that "the bias has been corrected" does not mean that there is no bias in the party, or that there will be no bias in the future.Certain biases still exist within the Party now, and biases will still occur in the future. We must always pay attention to correcting biases within the Party.

B. The tasks of the Party in 1949: (1) In the summer, autumn and winter of 1949, we should strive to occupy most of the nine provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shaanxi and Gansu, and some of them all. (2) The 53,000 cadres needed to accompany the army in the summer, autumn and winter of 1949 must be recruited and trained in a timely manner. (3) The field armies must be further regularized in 1949, mainly by strengthening the artillery and engineers, using modern means of transport by railways, highways and waterways, strengthening the organization and discipline of the army, and resolutely overcoming the current situation. Some indiscipline still exists in the army to a considerable extent and strengthens the work of the headquarters.

(4) In 1949 and 1950, we should strive to form an air force that can be used and a navy that can defend the coast and the river. This possibility exists. (5) In 1949, the agricultural and industrial production of the whole region must be steadily increased by one step compared with 1948.The major railroads and highways in our region should be repaired and used.The economic work and financial work in our region should be more planned and unified on the basis of possible and necessary, so as not to waste manpower and material resources and hinder the improvement of production and support to the front line.

(6) In 1949, the organization and efficiency of the People's Liberation Army's rear service work must be strengthened as far as possible and necessary in order to effectively support the People's Liberation Army's great march to the southern provinces.These tasks include the appropriate production plan of the munitions industry, the adjustment or establishment of various munitions industries other than munitions, the establishment of the munitions system, the unified regulation of various supply standards, the unified distribution of sanitary and communication equipment, and the division of labor between transportation and warehouses. And the determination of the rear service organization and system, etc.

(7) In 1949, the political work of the People's Liberation Army must be carried out under the leadership of the Political Department of the Military Commission, such as the "new type of army whole movement", "party committee system", "revolutionary military committee", "company branch work", etc. Summarize the items and make regulations or regulations so that they can be popularized throughout the army and become customized. (8) The work of land reform and party consolidation in the major liberated areas in 1949 must be centered around the production movement, using the leisure time of the masses to solve the few unfinished land distributions part by part Or adjust the work of the land and the work of party consolidation.Establish people's representative conferences at all levels in major liberated areas and elect people's government committees at all levels.Improve the party committee system in major liberated areas, and hold party congresses and representative meetings at all levels.In the liberated areas of the Central Plains, it is the work of reducing rent and interest and mobilizing the masses.In the provinces south of the Yangtze River, within three to five years, it is not a question of land distribution, but of reducing rent and interest and mobilizing the masses. Only after reducing rent and interest and mobilizing the masses can we talk about land distribution.

(9) The cadre education plan for 1949, that is, the plan to study Marxism-Endrez theory and various specific policies of the Chinese revolution in cadre training schools and serving cadres, must be suitable for the present revolutionary situation and revolutionary tasks needs. (10) The national education plan for 1949 (university education, various specialist education, middle school education, primary education and supplementary education for adults) must meet the needs of the present revolutionary situation and revolutionary tasks.The same goes for the work of news agencies and newspapers.The same is true of literary and artistic work. (11) The trade union work, youth league work and women's work in 1949 should all have better results than in 1948.In the first half of 1949, the work of the National Youth Congress and the Women's Congress should be completed. (12) In 1949, a Political Consultative Conference of all democratic parties and people's organizations with the goal of fulfilling the tasks of the Chinese people's revolution must be convened without the participation of representatives of the reactionaries, to declare the founding of the People's Democratic Republic of China and form the central government of the Republic, And adopt a common program. (13) After the battles of Pingjin, Huaihai, Taiyuan, and Datong, several large field armies must rest for at least two months to complete various preparations for crossing the south of the Yangtze River.Then, march steadily to the south step by step. (14) With regard to the struggle against some serious lack of discipline and anarchy in the leading organs of the whole Party and the army at all levels, it must be completed by the end of March 1949 in accordance with the regulations of the Central Committee.Resolutions on this matter must be submitted to the Central Committee in April from the army regiment committee or above, the local county committee or above.Those who request a postponement due to special reasons must complete the process in April and submit it to the central government in May. (15) The Party organizations must be carefully developed in all newly occupied areas.Strict censorship must be adopted for the entry of upper-level intellectuals into the party, especially in big cities. (16) It is necessary to strengthen the defense work in all liberated areas and resolutely fight against all hidden or open counter-revolutionaries. (17) After the liberation of Peking, the Second Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee must be convened.The tasks of this conference are: 1. to analyze the present situation and to define the tasks of the party; 2. to adopt the draft common program to be submitted to the Political Consultative Conference; 3. to adopt the draft of the main components of the central government; 4. to approve the military plan; 5. .Determine the policy of economic construction [8]; 6. Decide on foreign policy; 7. Other matters. Printed from originals kept at the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is a resolution drafted by Mao Zedong for the Political Bureau meeting of the CPC Central Committee held from January 6 to 8, 1949, and passed by the meeting on January 8.Mao Zedong delivered two speeches at the meeting on January 6 and 8, and the main content of the speeches has been included in this resolution. [2] On September 7, 1948, Mao Zedong proposed in a telegram to Lin Biao, Luo Ronghuan, and Liu Yalou drafted for the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China: "We are preparing for about five years (from July 1946) to fundamentally It is possible to defeat the Kuomintang. As long as we wipe out about 100 brigades of the regular army of the Kuomintang every year and about 500 brigades in five years, we can achieve this goal. In the past two years, our army has wiped out one One hundred and ninety-one brigades, an average of ninety-five and a half brigades per year, and eight brigades per month are weak. In the next three years, our army is required to wipe out more than 300 brigades of the enemy's regular army. From July this year to June next year, we hope to wipe out There were about 150 brigades of the enemy's regular army." Later, due to the rapid development of the military situation, the one-year plan to wipe out the enemy from July 1948 to June 1949 ended in December 1948 for only half a year. That is to say, it has been completed and surpassed, reaching the level of annihilating 148 divisions of the enemy's regular army. [3] Majia refers to the Qinghai Ma Bufang Department of the Kuomintang Army and the Ningxia Ma Hongkui Department. [4] The liberal bourgeoisie mentioned here refers to the national bourgeoisie. [5] Refers to Chiang Kai-shek's proposal on January 1, 1949, that he is willing to conduct peaceful negotiations with the Chinese Communist Party.His purpose is to gain breathing time to preserve the remnants of the Kuomintang. [6] When Mao Zedong addressed this issue in his speech at the meeting on January 6, 1949, he said: We should not be too busy seeking recognition from the imperialist countries.We are anti-imperialist.In the future, when we want to do business, the question of whether to admit it or not will arise.We are not too busy recognizing them, we are just protecting the overseas Chinese, and we are busy establishing diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and other democratic countries. [7] Refers to Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Shanxi-Sui Cadre Conference" on April 1, 1948: "The revolution led by the proletariat and the masses of the people against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism , This is China's new-democratic revolution, and this is the general line and general policy of the Chinese Communist Party at the current historical stage." [8] Mao Zedong mentioned this task in his speech at the meeting on January 6: The policy of economic construction was discussed at the meeting in September last year, and the basic policy has been decided.Economic components include state-owned, cooperatives, state capitalism (public-private partnership, lease), private capital, and individuals.There is a document in Northeast China, which is basically correct and consistent with the spirit discussed at the September meeting.On the one hand, it must never be considered that the new-democratic economy is not planned and developed towards socialism, but is completely capitalist.We agree with the provisions of Sun Yat-sen's First National Congress of the Kuomintang.The state-run economy accounts for 47% of the total economy in the Northeast, and there is no statistics on whether it accounts for an average of 10% in the whole country.This kind of situation will exist for a long time. Under the leadership of the state-owned economy, we must take good care of it so that it can develop towards a socialist economy and prevent right deviation.On the other hand, we must be careful not to rush into socialization.On December 25 of the year before last, I said that we are not afraid of the development of capitalism, and we should take advantage of its enthusiasm.Free trade should be allowed, but the national economy should be controlled by us.Cooperatives must be developed, and Comrade Shaoqi has done a lot of research on this issue.However, cooperatives cannot develop quickly. It will take more than ten years of preparation. If the culture is backward, you will not have an accountant. It must be carried out in a long-term and steady manner.Limit what is harmful; use what is harmless.If you want to build socialism, you will turn somersault if you go too fast.The situation in Northeast China and Guanzhong is also different, and the situation in Northeast China and Poland is similar, but we must be cautious.Mao Zedong also pointed out in his speech at the meeting on January 8: The CCP took 28 years, plus 29, 30, and 2 years to complete the national revolutionary task. It took 30 years to shovel the foundation.But it takes decades to build a house.