Chapter 73 Commentary on "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" [1]

(December 21, 1958) one After the publication of some of my crooked words, commentators flocked to them, all out of good intentions.Some of them are right and some of them are not. I have the responsibility to explain.In December 1958, in Guangzhou, I read the September 1958 issue of the Cultural Relics Publishing House. It was very broad, so I wrote the following words, thanking the annotators and readers.Lu Xun was in Guangzhou in 1927, revising his "Ancient Novel Going Shen", and then said: "So the sea of ​​clouds is sinking, the stars and the moon are clear and blue, and the gluttonous mosquitoes sigh in the distance, I am in Guangzhou." [2] From then to today, thirty-one years have passed, and the gluttonous mosquitoes on the mainland have almost been eradicated. Of course, the revolution has not yet been completed, and comrades still have to work hard.In the area of ​​Hong Kong and Taiwan, there are still many gluttonous mosquitoes, and in the western world, gluttonous mosquitoes are in formation.Wouldn't it be great to be able to afford millions of foolish old men of all nationalities in the world to use their own methods of moving mountains to wipe out the mosquito formations! Try to imitate Lu Fangweng [3] who said: Human beings go to space today, but sad Wuzhoutong is not seen.On the day when Yu Gong wipes out gluttonous mosquitoes, he never forgets to tell Ma Weng during the public sacrifice.

Mao Zedong December 21, 1958 at ten o'clock in the morning two Hitting the water: swimming.At that time, I was just learning, and the water rose in midsummer, and the number of deaths was high.A group of people finally persisted until the middle of winter, still in the river.There was a poem at that time, I have forgotten it, but I only remember two lines: Confidence in life for 200 years, you will be hit by water for 3,000 miles. [4] three Heartbeat: In 1927, on the eve of the failure of the Great Revolution, I felt desolate and didn't know what to do for a while. This was the spring of that year.In the summer, on August 7th, an emergency meeting of the party[5] decided to fight back with arms, and found a way out from then on. [6]

Four Traveling all over Qingshan, people are not old: In 1934, the situation was critical, preparing for the Long March, and the mood was depressed.This song "Qing Ping Le", like the previous "Bodhisattva Man", expresses the same state of mind. [7] Fives The long march of thousands of miles, thousands of twists and turns, the success is less than the difficulty, I do not know how many times, the mood is gloomy.After passing Minshan Mountain, it suddenly became clear, and it turned to the opposite side, and another village appeared.The following articles reflect this sentiment. [8]

six Water shooting: change to wave shooting.This was suggested by an unknown friend.He said that it is okay not to have two profane characters in an article. The three armies: the Red Army, the First Army, the Second Front Army, and the Fourth Front Army.It is not the three armies of the sea, land, and air, nor is it the three armies of the upper army, the middle army, and the lower army that the ancient Jin State made. [9] seven Soryu: Chiang Kai-shek, not Japanese.Because it is Jiang, not Japan, that he has to deal with with all his energy. [10] Eight Kunlun: The main idea is to oppose imperialism, nothing else.Change a sentence: keep one piece in China, and return the other piece to the East.It is wrong to forget the Japanese.In this way, Britain, the United States, and Japan are all involved.Any other explanation is unrealistic. [11]

Nine Xue: Anti-feudalism, criticizing a reactionary aspect of feudalism in the past two thousand years.Literary talent, coquettishness, and great carving can only be like this. You must know that this is writing poetry! Can you abuse these people? Other explanations are wrong.The last three sentences refer to the proletariat. [12] ten Thirty-one years: I left Beijing in 1919 and returned to Beijing in 1949.The country of the old country: the capital city.Not State, nor Country. [13] eleven Changsha Water: Folk Song: Changde has virtue in its mountains, but Changsha has sandy waters without sand.The so-called sand-free water is located in the east of Changsha City, where there is a famous "White Sand Well".Wuchang fish: Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms once moved the capital from Jingkou (Zhenjiang) to Wuchang. The bureaucrats, gentry, landlords and other wealthy classes were displeased and opposed the move. They made a slogan saying: I would rather eat Yangzhou water than Wuchang fish.At that time, Yangzhou people were in such a mood.It has changed now, Wuchang fish is quite tasty. [14]

twelve The upper and lower rhymes cannot be changed, so we have to keep them. [15] Published according to Mao Zedong's manuscript. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is the annotation written by Mao Zedong on the header of the large-character "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" engraved by Cultural Relics Publishing House in September 1958. [2] The quote from Lu Xun was written by Mao Zedong from memory.In 1927, Lu Xun edited and edited the "Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties" in Guangzhou, and wrote "Preface". The first volume of "Legend Collection" was published by Beixin Book Company in December 1927, and the second volume was continued in February of the following year.

[3] Lu Fangweng, that is, Lu You (1125-1210), Ziwuguan, nicknamed Fangweng, was born in Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty.Lu You has a Qijue "Shower": "When you die, you know everything is empty, but you don't see the same in Kyushu. Wang Shibei set the Central Plains Day, and family sacrifices are never forgotten to tell Nai Weng." [4] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on "hitting water" in the phrase "Qinyuanchun·Changsha". [5] Refers to the emergency meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Hankou on August 7, 1927.See note [4] on page 57 of this volume.

[6] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on the "heart wave" in the phrase "Bodhisattva Man·Yellow Crane Tower". [7] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on the sentence "Traveling all over the Qingshan people are not old" in the phrase "Qingpingle · Huichang". "Bodhisattva Man" refers to "Bodhisattva Man·Yellow Crane Tower". [8] This comment is written on the top of the page of "Recalling Qin'e Loushanguan".The following articles refer to "Three Poems of Sixteen-Character Orders" ("Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" published in 1958, "Recalling Qin'e Lou Shanguan" is ranked before "Three Poems of Sixteen-Character Orders" ), "Seven Laws·Long March", "Niannujiao·Kunlun", "Qingpingle·Liupanshan".

[9] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on "Shui Pai" and "Three Armies" in the poem "Seven Laws Long March". [10] This is Mao Zedong's comment on "Canglong" in the phrase "Qingpingle·Liupanshan". [11] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on the term "Niannujiao·Kunlun".This poem was first published in the January issue of "Poetry" in 1957, and in the large-character book "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" printed by Cultural Relics Publishing House in September 1958, the eighth part of the next column of this poem The sentence "retain China in one piece", in "Chairman Mao's Poems" published by People's Literature Publishing House in 1963, according to Mao Zedong's opinion, changed this sentence to "return a piece to the east country".

[12] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on the term "Qinyuanchun·Snow".The last three sentences refer to the last three sentences of this poem: "It's all going on, count the romantic people, and look at the present." [13] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on the line "return the old country in 31 years" in the poem "Qilu He Mr. Liu Yazi". [14] This is Mao Zedong's commentary on the term "Shui Tuo Ge Tou Swimming".Among them, the statement that "Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms once moved his capital from Jingkou (Zhenjiang) to Wuchang" is wrong.In "Selected Poems of Mao Zedong" published by People's Literature Publishing House in September 1986 and in September 1996 published by Central Literature Publishing House, the annotation for "Wuchang Fish" is: "According to "Three Kingdoms · Book of Wu "Lu Kai Biography" records: Sun Hao, the Lord of Wu, wanted to move the capital from Jianye (the old city is in the south of Nanjing City today) to Wuchang, but the common people were unwilling. There is a nursery rhyme saying: "I would rather drink Jianye water than eat Wuchang fish." .Wuchang fish refers to the abalone from Fankou in ancient Wuchang (now Echeng), called group head bream or group head bream."

[15] This is Mao Zedong’s commentary on the term "Butterfly Love Flower Reply to Li Shuyi", which means that the three rhymes of "Dancing, Tiger, Rain" are different from the above "Liu, Nine, You, Jiu, Sleeve". .