Chapter 45 Resolutely refund compensation and stop the "communist wind"[1]

(December 30, 1960) The issue of compensation is very important and must be paid seriously.Most of them have to be refunded by the localities themselves. Counties and communes must provide part of the compensation in kind. If they can’t provide the kind now, they can give some tickets. This is called cashing.The Twelve Articles [2] have already been told to the peasants, and now the peasants are watching with puffed eyes to see if we can honor it, and it will not work if we don’t honor it.If the cashing problem is solved within two or three months, the farmers' enthusiasm will come. The county and the society would rather pay for all the family business, even if they go bankrupt.Because we have deprived the peasants, which is totally forbidden by Marxism-Leninism.The labor fruits of farmers in Pingtiao are more exploited than landlords and capitalists. The capitalists have to pay a price, but the price is not equal, but Pingtiao doesn’t give anything.We must resolutely return compensation, and all departments and all walks of life must resolutely return compensation.If the compensation is nothing, the commune only needs a few people and a few thatched huts to work.Don't be afraid that the commune doesn't have anything. The commune didn't have anything in the first place. It didn't start from scratch, it started from "black hands".All the industries, houses, and other properties of all counties and communes, who have been transferred from ordinary transfers, must be refunded. Only when the compensation is exhausted can they start from scratch.County and communal cadres may be dissatisfied, but only in this way can the masses, the peasants be satisfied, and the worker-peasant alliance be won.We talked about fair buying and fair selling in the announcement of the Red Fourth Army during the Jinggangshan period, and the "eight points of attention" included the fairness of buying and selling.Buying and selling at equal value is an exchange of equal value.We have always advocated fair trading and equivalent exchange.The commune has acquired so many things in a short period of time, how did it do so? It is not self-made, and we must resolutely refund compensation.Both the county and communal levels and the relevant departments have to refund the compensation, if there is a refund in kind, and if there is money, the money will be refunded.We have agreed to the establishment of county and social industries, and the establishment of non-staple food bases.As soon as several major offices were implemented, it became one leveling and two adjustments [3].It doesn't matter if the county and commune cadres are not satisfied, we get a head if we get the satisfaction of the peasant masses.Institutions, schools, factories, and troops, whoever makes the adjustment will pay.If the communes, counties, and provinces lose money at one end, if there is less, the other end will be available; if one end is empty, the other end will be real.At the other end are hundreds of millions of farmers.If we want to correct the "communist style", we must really honor it. If you don't correct it and don't hurt it, you won't get a lesson.Only by suffering and suffering a little can we understand the Marxist principle of equivalent exchange.The first level and the second adjustment were made by the top, and whoever made it is responsible.The style of cadres can be changed only after the compensation has been fulfilled.

There must also be a limit for refund and compensation. In terms of large-scale water conservancy, large-scale transportation, and large-scale non-staple food bases, etc., the state must refund part of the compensation.If the compensation should be refunded by the state, the county or society cannot be allowed to compensate.Compensation refunds must be understood by cadres at the county and commune levels, and if they fail to understand, they cannot be corrected. In the past few years, we have done too much of some things, and if we do it quickly, it is necessary to deal with it ourselves.Now it seems that construction can only be carried out gradually, and I am afraid that it will take half a century.

It seems that among the "five winds"[4] the most common and the most harmful are the "communist wind" and blind command wind.Get rid of them first.It is necessary to figure out what is the style of blind production command, otherwise it will become no command and no plan. The embezzled money must be refunded. It cannot be refunded in one year, but it must be refunded in two years, three years, or even ten years.If you lose everything, you have to pay back with your own labor, otherwise the phenomenon of corruption will not be eliminated. The land used by the masses in government agencies, troops, and school circles must be resolutely returned, and the gardens of government agencies and factories should all be used to grow vegetables.To develop non-staple food production in the future, we can only open up wasteland and cannot occupy farmers' land.After Li Shimin [5] won the title of hero, he used the method of enclosing the peasants' land.The same was true after the Qing army entered the customs.Now the military and schools are enclosing land without giving them money. This is actually a remnant of feudalism and must be corrected.

At this time, don't talk about the issue of nine fingers and one finger.In fact, the shortcomings and mistakes in some places are not a matter of one finger, some are two fingers, and some are three fingers.In short, find out the problems clearly, how many there are, and how much to talk about.Some comrades mentioned that there are right against right, there is "left" against "left", there is something against everything, and as much as there is, these few words are good.Once the problem is clarified, the masses are also sober, and the relationship between the nine fingers and one finger is also understood.

In the past few years, it has been said that people's thinking is chaotic, first of all, it is our own thinking that is chaotic.On the one hand, we have made eighteen articles[6], fourteen sentences[7], and six instructions[8]. These are to correct the "communist style" and correct the blind command style; on the other hand, here comes the Several major organizations, including iron and steel, county and communal industries, transportation, and culture and education, have blown up the "communist wind".This is inconsistent, sorry.Although we didn't ask everyone to level up, we didn't plug the loopholes.It is important to take stock of these lessons.In the future, don't be contradictory, don't contradict on the one hand, and scratch on the other;One issue worth noting now is that after the Lushan Conference[9], it is estimated that this year will be a good one.One thought that with the resolution of the Zhengzhou Conference[10] and the eighteen articles of the Shanghai Conference, the "communist wind" was suppressed and the problem of one finger was solved; The big deal will solve the problem; the fourth thought that every single year is not good and both are good.Unexpectedly, in 1960, natural disasters were even worse, and man-made disasters also came.This man-made disaster was not caused by the enemy, but by ourselves.This year's one leveling and two adjustments are stronger than in 1958. In 1958 there were only four or five months, but this year it is a whole year.The enemy's damage has also increased, and major operations are no longer effective, and the "communist wind" has blown.The biggest and most prominent problem is the large-scale development of industry. Industries above the county level have mobilized 50 million laborers.In 1957 it was 24 million, in 1958 it was 44 million, and in 1959 and 1960 there was an increase of another 6 million, a total increase over 1957 26 million.Of course, not all labor is transferred from the countryside, but no matter where it is transferred, it will always affect agricultural production. For example, the food will increase!

There are several experiences and lessons: 1. The "communist style" must be opposed, and the peasants cannot be plundered. This is not allowed by Marxism-Leninism.2. The "communist style" has blown up again in several big offices. One says that the old style takes up more, and the other says that the new style takes up more. No matter which one is more, in short, it is a big blow.3. A large number of laborers have been transferred, and industries above the county level have transferred tens of millions.These three lessons are the main ones.We must admit these experiences and lessons, otherwise we will not be able to change them.If the newly added 26 million people do not go back, how can it be possible? It will be difficult to suppress it, but it must be suppressed.

In the future, the large office will be changed into a middle office and a small office.The rural labor force must be organized well, and the professional team will be cut off by 2%.Let's study the livestock problem again.Producing food substitutes is a way out, and to buy food from foreign countries, the provinces should try their best to obtain some foreign exchange.We have to consider whether there will be natural disasters next year. We can't control the affairs of nature, otherwise we may not be able to turn around next year. I agree with several points that Comrade Chen Yun[11] said.One is the low standard and substitution of melons and vegetables. We must pay attention to it in the next few years.In short, the standard of rations should not be high, and a good life should be lived as a poor one. Only with reserves can we resist disasters.The second is that humans and animals should rest.The third is to import food.In addition to the few points I just mentioned, the leadership should focus on agricultural production, food first, market second, and construction third.In general, the industrial front should be shortened, the agricultural front should be extended, the rectification movement should be done well, the drained labor force should be suppressed, the "communist style" should be eliminated, and the bad guys should be eliminated. .In this way, more food is produced, and more food can be eaten.Also, those who are prolific should eat more, and there must be a difference.

The analysis is promising, and the lessons learned from the past three years are helpful, and they can be turned into positive factors if they are absorbed. Published based on the transcript of the conversation kept by the Central Archives. -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ note [1] This is an excerpt from Mao Zedong's interjection on December 30, 1960, when he listened to a report at the Central Work Conference of the Communist Party of China.The Central Work Conference was held in Beijing from December 24, 1960 to January 13, 1961.

[2] Refers to the "Urgent Instruction Letter Concerning Current Policy Issues Concerning Rural People's Communes" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on November 3, 1960, with a total of twelve items.See note [2] on page 221 of this volume. [3] One level and two tunes, see note [1] on page 33 of this volume. [4] "Five styles" refers to the "communist style", exaggerated style, command style, special style of cadres and blind direction of production that occurred during the "Great Leap Forward" and the People's Commune Movement.

[5] Li Shimin, that is, Tang Taizong (599-649), reigned from 626 to 649. [6] Refers to the minutes of the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Shanghai from March 25 to April 1, 1959, "Eighteen Questions Concerning the People's Commune."See note [3] on page 165 of this volume. [7] Refers to the fourteen sentences stipulated in the "Zhengzhou Meeting Minutes" adopted at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held in Zhengzhou on March 5, 1959 as the policy for rectifying and building people's communes.See page 14 of this volume.

[8] Refers to the six items mentioned in Mao Zedong's letter to the six-level cadres on the agricultural issue on April 29, 1959.See pages 48-50 of this volume. [9] Refers to the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Lushan from July 2 to August 1, 1959, and the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held from August 2 to 16.Before the meeting, Peng Dehuai, a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of National Defense, wrote to Mao Zedong, expressing pertinent criticisms on the shortcomings and mistakes of the 1958 "Great Leap Forward" and the People's Commune Movement.Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Xiaozhou and others agreed with Peng Dehuai's criticism.Mao Zedong believed that Peng Dehuai's criticism was an attack on the party and right opportunism, so he wrongly launched the criticism of Peng Dehuai.At the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee, the "Resolution of the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Mistakes of the Anti-Party Group Headed by Comrade Peng Dehuai" was passed.After the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee, anti-Rightist struggles were launched in various places by mistake.In December 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China corrected the wrong conclusions made about Peng Dehuai.Afterwards, the erroneous conclusions made about Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, and Zhou Xiaozhou were also corrected.In June 1981, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's "Resolution on Some Historical Issues Concerning the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China" pointed out: "The resolution of the Eighth Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee on the so-called 'Peng Dehuai, Huang Kecheng, Zhang Wentian, Zhou Xiaozhou Anti-Party Group' is completely wrong. .” [10] refers to "Zhengzhou Conference Minutes", see note [6] on page 30 of this volume. [11] Chen Yun, Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Vice Premier of the State Council at the time.