Chapter 28 On Orthodoxy (July 5, 1902)

There are no Chinese historians who are too orthodox.Those who talk about orthodoxy think that the world cannot be without a king for a day, so there is orthodoxy;The cloud of ordinance almost means that the sky is established and the people are the ancestors; the cloud of righteousness almost means that one is true and the rest is false.For more than a thousand years, the humble Confucianists have been determined by this matter, fighting with their arms and eyes, fighting with each other, spreading and spreading, and cannot be exhausted.In a word, I was bound by my slave nature, and then I just incited the slave nature of future generations.It is impossible not to argue.

Where does the noun of the word "tong" come from?It almost originated from "Spring and Autumn". "Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan" said: "What do you say about Wang Zhengyue, the great unity." This is the basis for the support of post-Confucian orthodoxy.You know that the so-called great unification of "Spring and Autumn" is not the same as for the three traditions, but the key point is to understand the three traditions.Those who understand the three traditions are thinking that tomorrow is the world for the people of the world, not the private property of one surname, which is contrary to the so-called "unification" of post-Confucianism.The old husband’s rule of the cloud began with the private world of the overlord, and he was afraid of the people’s disapproval, so he said to restrain him: The reason why this sky is with me is that I was born with special rights. As much as others can.Because the text said: "Smart and clever, be a parent." Said: "Distinguish the upper and lower, and determine the people's will." Those who are a little bit strong and indomitable among the people will have to sit down and destroy them with the infamy of disloyalty, disrespect, rebellion and immorality.The name of this system is also established. "Records" says: "If you get the people of Qiu, you will be the son of heaven."Therefore, the good histories of Western and Western countries all focus on describing the origin of a country's national system, its development and progress, and the causes and results of its rise and fall.To have unity by calling the emperor is just a genealogy of a family, a biography of a person, and it is not possible to pretend to be the name of the whole history, and it is also controversial among historians of Anluo.However, to rule the country and belong to the monarchs is to treat the people of the whole country as nothing, and the qualifications of the people are always falling into the abyss and unable to extricate themselves, all because of this righteousness.Therefore, if you want to make history without sweeping away the fallacies of monarchy, although history is full of buildings, it will only poison the ears of the people.

The meaning of tradition is already fallacious, but what is right and wrong is even more meaningless.Although, since there are some sayings, and the sayings are deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, it is definitely not a last resort to refute them.The orthodoxy was established in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty.Zhu Zi's "Tongjian Compendium" deduces that Qin Ye, Han Ye, Eastern Han Ye, Shu Han Ye, Jin Ye, Eastern Jin Ye, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen Ye, Sui Ye, Tang Ye, Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Han, Later Jin , Later weeks also.During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of this dynasty, the "Tongjian" was officially approved and continued, including the Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty.The so-called orthodox, so it is.And it is based on a theory to measure whether a husband is upright or not, there are about six things:

One said, it is determined whether it is upright or not based on the amount of land acquired.Anyone who is in the same universe, no matter what kind of person they are, will be treated as righteous, such as Jin and Yuan. The second is to determine whether it is upright or not based on how long it has been in place.Even if they are mixed in the same universe, those who enjoy it for a short time are all called improper, such as Xiang Yu, Wang Mang and so on. The third is that the blood Yin of the previous generation is correct and the rest are false.Such as the Shu Han, Eastern Jin, Southern Song and so on.

Fourth, the location of the old capital of the previous dynasties is correct and the rest are false.For example, Wei was established because of Han, and Houliang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou were established because of Tang. Fifthly, what is inherited by future generations and what comes out is correct, and the rest is false.For example, the Sui Dynasty was established because of the Tang Dynasty, and the Zhou Dynasty was established because of the Song Dynasty. Sixth, the Chinese race is positive and the rest are false.Such as Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and so on. These six are contradictory to each other, if they are connected to one, they will be choked by the other, and if they are connected to the other, they will be suffocated here.However, according to the "Zhuzi Compendium" and "Tongjian Jilan" and so on, the front and back are inconsistent, and there is no basis for advancement and retreat.Please clean it up.It depends on the amount of land obtained, and those who are confused will not be able to compete with each other. If they cannot be mixed, the one with the most lands should be the most correct.It corresponds to the prosperity of the Qin Dynasty, from Qionglai in the south, Huaisi in the east, and the Western Regions in the west, and Daqi in the north, which is several times the size of Sima's territory; and in the era of Song and Jin conflicts, the territory of Jin was also two-thirds of the world. And who is right and who is false?If it is determined by the long time of the position, it is unnecessary to discuss the hundreds of years such as the Han and Tang Dynasties.Ruofu Tuoba's Zuo, back to Song, Qi, Liang, Chen; Qian Liu, Liu Yin's lineage, far more than Liang, Tang, Jin, Han, Zhou; For more than three hundred and fifty years, almost as long as the Han and Tang Dynasties, and the land is also vast, who is right and who is false?As determined by the blood of the previous generation, the Qi and Song Dynasties should come out on two days, and the Zhou Dynasty must not retreat to usurp; and in the Ming Dynasty, Li Pan used Xiao Kui, a subject of the Yuwen family, as a usurper, and Xiao Yan followed Gou Quan's life to make To unify Chen, it will be a special knowledge that Zhu Xie Cunxu of the Shatuoyi tribe did not know where he came from.In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, Hongguang, Longwu, and Yongli of the Ming Dynasty still had Zhengshuo and regarded them as intercalary, why?And who is right and who is false?It also depends on the location of the old capitals of the previous dynasties. The land acquired by Liu, Shi, Murong, Fu, Yao, Helian, and Tuoba are all the former residences of the Five Emperors and Three Kings, and the people caressed by Jurchen are all the survivors of the Han and Tang Dynasties. , and who is right and who is false?If what is inherited by later generations is correct, then the Jin Dynasty is correct, but why is the Wei, which came out of the Jin Dynasty, not correct?In the past, Shu was established, and then Jin was restored, and Jin usurped Wei. How can it inherit Han and promote evil?Since the Tang Dynasty was upright, and because of the Tang Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty was overthrown, and the Yuwen from the Sui Dynasty, and the Tuoba from Yuwen's own, why are they not correct?The first was Zheng Chen and then the Sui Dynasty. Did the Sui Dynasty have the emperor's title of evil because of the destruction of Chen?And Wu Zhihu who is right and who is false?If it is determined by the ethnicity of China, the axiom of sincerity and patriotism and the spirit of the nation, although lost in the righteousness of unity, are not contrary to the name of righteousness.And it's a pity that there has been no one who has held this for thousands of years.Li Cunxu, Shi Jingtang, and Liu Zhiyuan, the three small clans of Shatuo, stole a piece of land, and they were regarded as the co-lords; from the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the descendants of the Yellow Emperor had no size, and the so-called orthodox ones by historians were still inexhaustible. , And who is right and who is false?Therefore, those who hold the orthodox theory have nothing to say to complete themselves.

There are two reasons for the orthodoxy: First, the contemporary monarchs and ministers are selfish to their own country.Wen Gong said, "Since the Song and Wei dynasties, each country has its own history, and they have rejected each other. The south is said to be Suolu in the north, and the north is called Daoyi in the south. : "Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty thought he succeeded the Tang Dynasty, and he was poorer than Zhuliang Yuyou to usurp the Xia, and the new house usurped the Han.") The age of the calendar, discarded and not counted. These are all private remarks, not the general theory of the Grand Duke." (Volume Sixty-nine. Sincerely know the words. Since ancient times, there has been no more orthodox dispute than the issue of Shu and Wei. Those who dominate the capital regard Wei as the real person, and those who dominate the blood and Yin regard Shu as the eldest son. The changes in their discussions are always due to the situation at that time. Chen Shou ruled Wei, Xi chiseled teeth and ruled Shu, Shou was born in the Western Jin Dynasty, and chiseled teeth the Eastern Jin. When chiseling the teeth, the Jin Dynasty crossed the south, and if it is not the master of the blood, but still along the capital, then Liu, Shi, Fu, and Yaozheng will be the tyrants of the Jin Dynasty. The chiseling of the teeth is Zhengshu, and everyone is also Zhengjin. After that Princess Wen Wei, while Zhu Zi ruled Shu, Wen Gong was born in the Northern Song Dynasty and Zhu Zi was also in the Southern Song Dynasty. The usurper of the Zhou house in the Song Dynasty has the same origin as the usurper of the Wei house in the Jin Dynasty. The Song Dynasty of Nandu and the Jin Dynasty of Jiangdong had the same disease. Zhu Zi’s lord Xue Yin said that it was Zhengshu, and everyone also regarded Zhengsong. It’s not like the ruler of the time! It’s like the Five Dynasties. The orthodoxy is also the rumor of the people of the Song Dynasty. How can the Five Dynasties be called the generation? Zhu Wen Pirates, Li Cunxu, Shi Jingtang, and Liu Zhiyuan are also the leaders of Shatuo dogs and sheep. Wen can replace Tang, so Hou Jing and Li Quan can replace Song Ye; the Shatuo tribe can replace the lords of China, and Liu Cong and Shi Hu can replace Jin. The acupoints were usurped and set up to see that Chen Baxian was able to quell the rebellion, and he was still a slave. Moreover, the land that the five of them plundered was less than one-twentieth of Yu Yu's territory, and they enjoyed a total of only fifty-two years. , but Gu Ke can enshrine it in the name of a certain ancestor of a certain emperor? It is also the beginning of the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty won the world and it was not right. The Tui Chai family thought it was what they received, so it was traced back. Xu Zhuwen replaced the Tang Dynasty , and the name of the Five Dynasties is established. (The above Caiwang Chuanshan said.) It is the Five Dynasties, and everything is also the Song Dynasty. As for the current dynasty, the exotic dragon prospered and entered the Central Xia Dynasty, and it was related to the Liao, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties. In a similar way, in March of the second year of Shunzhi, the sacrificial ceremonies of the emperors of the past dynasties were discussed. The Ministry of Rites said that the Liao Dynasty paid tribute to the Song Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty was called a nephew from the Song Dynasty. , Jin Yi. Later, although he was afraid of the Qing Dynasty, he did not dare to be outrageous, but he sacrificed Liao Taizu, Taizong, Jingzong, Shengzong, Xingzong, Daozong, Jin Taizu, Taizong, Shizong, Zhangzong, Xuanzong, Aizong, and then Additional sacrifices were made to Emperor Daowu, Emperor Ming, Emperor Xiaowu, Emperor Wencheng, Emperor Xianwen, Emperor Xiaowen, Emperor Xuanwu, and Emperor Xiaoming in the Yuan and Wei Dynasties. Is it said that the death of the rabbit and the fox are sad, and those who hurt their kind? From this, it can be said that for thousands of years Those who debate whether it is right or not, false or false are all slaves of the overlord and the overlord at that time, and they are attached to each other to protect the private property of their surname! After the passage of time, the history writers are still generous. , Yan Yan argues that gains and losses come from chickens and insects, I don't know why!

Second, because the vulgar Confucianism misunderstood the meaning of the scriptures, it also incited slavishness.According to the humble Confucianism, the emperor and the king are also holy gods.The meaning of the humble Confucianism is that a country is so big that it is impossible to have one holy god for a while, and it is impossible to have two holy gods at the same time.When there is no holy god, no matter whether he is a rebellious official, a thief, a great thief, a dog stealing, an enemy, or a barbarian, he must take a person and a surname, and make an idol dead. Holy Spirit too.When there are many holy gods, among the saints and gods, they will explore the lottery, play chess, choose one person and one surname, and worship the day, this is the true holy god, and the rest are disorderly officials and thieves. , Thief, dog thief, Qiu Yu, and Yi Di also.The only thing that is disturbing is that the same person is called a thief, a thief, an enemy, and a barbarian in Book A, while Book B calls it a sage.What's more, the same person and the same book, but today they are called thieves, thieves, enemies, and barbarians, and tomorrow they will be called holy.The holy god is the holy god, the thieves are the thieves, the thief is the thief, the barbarian is the barbarian, the difference between their personalities cannot be measured, they can be seen at a glance, and those who are incapable of mixing are definitely not the same person. Those who can hold both paints are also.Different battles, this is the most obvious, the most superficial, the most accessible, and the most fair and upright method, but it cannot be used by emperors alone!The proverb says: "If you succeed, you will be a king, if you lose, you will be a bandit." This is also the one who is regarded as the method of Yuedan by historians who really hold orthodoxy.The husbands who return are called kings, and those who steal and destroy the people are called bandits.As a king, no matter how he disguises himself, he will never be able to fall into a bandit; as a bandit, no matter how he disguises himself, he will never be promoted to be a king, and there is no one who can match him.Just like the beauty who resisted the British and became independent, the king is not a bandit, and this is the one who succeeds.That is to say, it won't work, such as the Philippines' resistance to the United States, and Boya's resistance to the British. I have never heard of anyone who can regard them as invaders.The Yuan people invaded Japan, they were bandits, not kings, and they were the losers.That is to say, it is invincible, just like the Mongols ravaged Russia, who has held its sovereignty for hundreds of years, and no one is willing to recognize him as the king.Not so in China.Wushu, Wanyan Liang, in the history of the Song Dynasty, they were called thieves, captives, and enemies;And the difference between Zhuge Liang's entry into the bandits and the prime minister's departure from the teacher is irrelevant.Zhu Wenye, Yan Wang Diye, first called rebellion and robbery, and suddenly became a certain ancestor and a certain emperor.As for Cao Pi and Sima Yan, it doesn't matter if they were promoted from the name to the public, from the public to the king, and from the king to the emperor.With this in mind, I cannot but feel sorry for the disciples of Maodun the Huns and Jieli the Turks; The disciples of Shangguan Jie, Dong Zhuo, Huan Wen, Su Jun, Hou Jing, An Lushan, Zhu Xing, and Wu Sangui feel sorry for me. I have to mourn for Chen She, Wu Guang, Xinshi, Pinglin, Tongma, Chimei, Huangjin, Dou Jiande, The disciples of Wang Shichong, Huang Chao, Zhang Shicheng, Zhang Youliang, Zhang Xianzhong, Li Zicheng, and Hong Xiuquan are also sad.He and the Holy Spirit can't be separated by an inch, so that he is lucky enough to be able to make it to the top of a hundred feet, and to make such a step, so why not worry about thousands of years later, he will be knowledgeable, speak truth, and advocate the principles of the law. The most famous historians do not honor the emblem of "Cheng Tian Guang Yun, Sheng De Shen Gong, Zhao Ji Li Ji, Qin Ming Wen Si, Rui Zhe Xian Wu, Duan Yi Hong Wen, Generosity and Harmony, Da Cheng Ding Ye, Tai Zu Gao Emperor"!But those who slander are said to be disrespectful, and those who criticize are said to be rebellious.This is not my radical statement.Just think about Zhu Yuanzhang's virtue, how is it like Dou Jiande?How can Xiao Yan be as talented as Wang Mang?How can Zhao Kuangyin's achievements compare to Xiang Yu's?Li Cunxu is so strong, how can he be so strong?Yang Jian has been in charge of the country for a long time, how can he compare with Li Yuanhao?Zhu Wenlue's territory is vast, how can it be compared with Hong Xiuquan?And all of them are majestic and holy in thousands of years of history!I don't have a name for it, it's just luck and misfortune.If so, Shi Ye, the ear of gambling, the ear of children's play, the ear of the mansion of the ghost domain, and the ear of the snobbish forest.Take this as history, and An De does not lead the world, but also animals.But the humble Confucianism still clamored and said: This is the scripture of heaven, the righteousness of the earth, the relationship between people, the foundation of the country, and the workshop of the people.I can't help but hate the poison of the husband and the humble Confucianism, the world is like this!

However, regardless of orthodoxy, I have heard it. If we talk about orthodoxy, I dare to review thousands of years of cases and say: since Zhou Qin, there has been no one who can be called this name.First, if the Yi and Di could not be unified, then the Hu Yuan and Shatuo tribes would be expelled, and then Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Khitan, and Jurchen would be ignored.Second, if weurpation cannot be unified, then Wei, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui, Hou Zhou, and Song must be expelled, and Tang cannot be avoided.Third, if thieves cannot be ruled, then the Later Liang and the Ming Dynasty must be abandoned, and the Han Dynasty is like Wei Zhi and Ah Yi.So what is orthodoxy to seek?Said: The one who governs the country is not the king, and the people are not one person.If you give up the country and ask for the princes, give up the people and ask for one person, there will be no rule at all.There is nothing right to say.If it is inevitable, countries with constitutional monarchs such as Britain, Germany, and Japan use the constitution to determine the law of succession to the throne. When they ascend the throne, they swear to the public by saying that they respect the constitution, and the people also recognize it. However, it is not absurd to the righteousness of gaining the people of Qiumin as the son of heaven, but it is almost close to the orthodoxy.Although, in the thousands of years of Chinese history, where is this?However, it is still between a hundred steps and fifty steps, and if it is not unified, it is not correct, I have to be stupid and hate it!

There is a good history in the future, and it is about the ups and downs of our national system, the strength and weakness, and the relationship between masters and slaves.