Chapter 8 On the things that should be done in Hunan (April 5-April 7, 1898)

Today's strategy for China must be to promote civil rights.Prospering civil rights is certainly possible, but civil rights cannot be achieved overnight.A person with power is born of a wise person. One point of wisdom means one point of power; six or seven points of wisdom means six or seven points of power; ten points of wisdom means ten points of power.It is the old country that is about to perish. The wisdom of the people of Gou country is equal to that of the people who destroy our country. Although he destroys our country, he cannot destroy our power. Arlan's opinion is the same as that of the British.Today, the British people should enjoy the benefits, and the Arlans all enjoy the benefits equally.That is to say, the wisdom of our people cannot be equal to the people who destroy our country, but those who make their wisdom advance day by day, their power will also advance day by day, and this is also true of India.India belonged to the British at the beginning, and Indians could only do the sixth and seventh careers, and the fifth and above careers were all done by British people; In a company, the general office, assistant office, and senior executives are all British.) More recently, businesses below the second level are all done by Indians.Whoever has all his wisdom will lose all his power, such as the black people in Africa, the red people in America, and the brown people in Southeast Asia.Those of these kinds can only be seen as slaves, oxen and horses, day by day and moon, and after decades, the species will be extinct in the world, and there is no time for them to stand on their own.If India is still alive, and its people's wisdom is as good as it is today, it will be a long time since they were second-class people; if they are added to today, they will be first-class people for a long time.That's why power and wisdom depend on each other. In the past, if you wanted to suppress people's rights, you must take the wisdom of the people as the first righteousness; if you want to extend the people's rights today, you must take the wisdom of the people as the first righteousness.

Officials and gentry in Hunan regard seeing the wisdom of the people as the most important thing, so the establishment of the Shiwu School is very beautiful, but it is still not exhausted in the broad way.There are only one hundred and twenty students in the school, even if one person is used by another person, it is only a small achievement.What's more, this generation learns both Chinese and Western, and their teachings should also plant their roots deeply and nourish their great weapons, not five years later, they don't want them to come out and just want to hear about the world's affairs.However, in the past five years, although I have tried my best to teach it, the atmosphere still cannot go beyond a school, which is obvious.Therefore, students should be divided into two classes: one is based on great achievements, each has its own specialties, and each has its own roots, as are the hundred and twenty students; It has been heard that there is nothing concealed about the situation in China and abroad, it can spread the atmosphere and eliminate resistance, that's all.Speaking from the former, one desires its essence; speaking from the latter, one desires its breadth.The overall problem is like burning eyebrows. If you don’t want Hunan’s self-protection, you will have your ears. If you want it, you will make more than 60 prefectures and counties develop at the same time. For example, ten thousand horses work together, and ten thousand horses roar together. In three years, the discussion has changed, and the common people have a few benefits, but it is not necessarily between a provincial capital. A game of dozens of hundreds of people can support it, and it is decisive.How then must it be so?As far as the above is concerned: one is that the imperial court has changed the imperial examinations, and the other is that schools have been set up all over the prefecture and county.The two actions of Sri Lanka will change completely in an instant, but it is beyond what can be said today.Those who have the power of officials and gentry, and the speed of their results, can not be far from these two things: one is the official courses and teachers' courses of the academies in the whole province, and the time affairs of the courses are also changed.With the revision of the chapter of Yuelu seeking talents and the Xiaoliantang as the academy, there is no exception for scholars, but there should be no violation of the curriculum reform.The reform of official courses and teachers' courses is completely new, and it is added to the study of politics and advocates new learning. If the two prongs are used together, its power will not be inferior to that of reforming the imperial examinations.Or suspect that all prefectures, states, and counties have changed, and there will be no one to review the papers.It's not difficult, but one or two people are specially hired to station in the provincial capital, and all the textbooks will be reviewed by them, but it will take a little time to mail, so it won't hurt.If the prefectures and counties are too remote, the topics for two or three months will be sent out at the same time, and the course volumes will be collected at the same time, so the trouble of mailing can be saved a little.Especially for those who have advanced here, it is better than the county examination and prefectural examination of the children's examination, and they will go to the prefecture and county, except for the first one, to learn about the current affairs of the examination.There are six or seven exams in the government and county. According to the decree, there is no requirement to test stereotypes. It is really abominable to build a bed and build a house.However, if this matter is still not feasible, it is considered that there are no people in the prefectures and counties to review the papers.Now it is advisable to order them to find and hire them by themselves, or to be recommended by people from the province. This requires only a piece of paper from the chief, and it does not cost a baht.The second is that the schools set up a wide range of foreign classes, and people from various states and counties come to learn.Schools are set up all over the state and counties. No matter how hard it is to raise money, it is impossible to find employment even for teaching.As far as I can see, I heard that there are very few students in various academies who have achieved mastery after years of lectures.Probably in order to open up the atmosphere, you must first broaden your knowledge and break its ignorance, but repeatedly explain the reasons for political law; why the country is strong and weak; why the people are wise and stupid; Suddenly, all kinds of old habits in China must not be able to establish a country.Then give the books of Eastern and Western History, so that you can know the merits of the reform; give the books of internal and external public law, so that the axioms are valuable;There are no more than ten kinds of reading, and the time is only a few months, but his insights are already very clear.This is to stimulate their enthusiasm, encourage their loyalty and indignation, make it their own responsibility to protect the country, species, and religion, and take the corruption of the overall situation as their own guilt.To teach this method, there must be lectures every day, which means drinking with a Zen stick; reading must have notes, imitating the rules of An Ding's scriptures and governance.After half a year, the talents taught can be out of ten out of five.Here is like a student in a school, who has a suitcase for more than a month, and with daily work, learning Western Chinese is six out of ten, but his knowledge and discussion are already impressive, but the speed of achievement in foreign classes is even more impressive carry on.In general, if you want to strengthen your foundation and learn the karma of Zhuanmen, you should be young;Gai Gou is over 20 years old, and those who have had a glimpse of various Chinese studies have gradually opened their minds, and they can listen to and accept all the principles of politics, and then they are easy to gain.Therefore, foreign students are always considered as unlimited years.The former showed that he was recruiting for the exam here, and he had only taken the exam twice, and it was already at the end of the year. More than a hundred people came, and thirty people were eligible.However, the intention of setting up this lesson is all in the general atmosphere, and the emphasis is on foreign governments, states, and counties.Therefore, it is necessary for the Xuezheng to come to the place, and select the high-caliber people under 30 years old. From three to five people in each county, they will be sent to study in consultation, and the popularity will start to spread.However, the prefectures are far away, and it is not easy for the poor to carry the funds. It is foolish to think that now the states and counties are sent to the provinces for Guchuan capital counseling, and the fees for three or five people per year are very few. To compare this area.After arriving in the province, the first thing to do is to find a building where they can gather together to give lectures. If the school has enough capacity, they will be given tuition fees, otherwise they will only be rewarded. (If tuition fees are not given, you have to ask whether they are willing to come or not, and then you can consult them.) Students in this category can be dismissed as soon as half a year, or as late as a year, and recruit new classes.Select those who have completed their studies, and give them proofs, and they can teach in primary schools in various counties. After a year, when the atmosphere is slightly established, they can order all states and counties, and each county will change an academy into a school.In the past three years, it is also hoped that there will be people in Hunan who are still jealous of new learning and are in trouble with new learning.

If you want to promote the rights of the people, you should first promote the rights of the gentry; if you want to promote the rights of the gentry, you should start with learning.This is something that does not happen often in China, but it is a truth that cannot be changed through the ages.The husband takes care of people who are not related to him thousands of miles away, and takes care of his food and lawsuits on behalf of others. Although he is not a talent born in the world, how much can he do?Therefore, for more than three generations, the township officials were all used; the county guards of the Han Dynasty were allowed to be the people of the county, and the meritorious officials were not allowed to use the people of other counties. This ancient method is the best.Today's Westerners are like this.Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the prevention of fraud has become more and more intensive, so all the power belongs to Yousi, and the people regard local official affairs as the Qinyue people are fat and barren.Today, if you want to update Baidu, you must start from the understanding of the feelings of the upper and lower; if you want to understand the feelings of the upper and lower, you must follow the old ideas, adopt the Western method, and pay attention to the power of the countryside.However, there are two concerns: one is that he cannot do things, and the other is that he uses this to dance.If you want to save the former disadvantages, you should open up the wisdom of the gentry; if you want to save the latter disadvantages, you should set the authority.Who is authorized?Westerners divide matters into two, those who discuss matters have the right to make rules but not to execute them; those who do things have the right to make rules but not to make rules.When something is to be done, the councilors gather to discuss whether it is acceptable or not;If there is any hindrance in the implementation, it will be reported to the members of the council, and it will be changed after discussion.The laws of the West are changed all the time, and every time they are changed, the law will become more secret, and it will be more convenient for the people, because those who discuss matters are those who are elected by the people.Therefore, if there is a disadvantage, everyone should know about it; if there is a benefit, everyone should hear about it.If there is a county or a township for public welfare, but the financial resources cannot be raised, the councilors can raise funds to run it, estimate how much it will cost, and give it to the people.And if it is completed, the money will be spent, listed, and shared with everyone, and there is no one who is unwilling.For example, in a street, there must be people who beat watchtowers, so the households in a street gather to discuss, each contribute a certain amount and hire one person to do it; House collections are discussed, either according to the number of acres of land, or according to the number of people, and each contributes a certain amount to start construction, and there is no one who is unwilling.Push it bigger, and a county, a province, and a country are all the same.Westerners are the ones who govern a country by this way. (My China is not ignorant of this method, but it is only used to govern a township and a street, and it has not been popularized.) Therefore, whenever there is money that should be raised, it is waiting for orders. The House of Representatives and the House of Commons raise funds from the people, although they are very important, but the people do not think that they are strict with themselves, and they use the money of the people to do civil affairs, and they are trusted by the people.The people also know that this matter is beneficial to themselves, but it is not something they can do alone, so they are all happy to lose and wait for the superior to do it for me. (For example, if there are forty households in a street, if each household loses one hundred dollars per month, then they will get four thousand dollars. You can use one strike guard to think that you are protecting your property. It is still not possible to use only one person.) Therefore, if there is a squire to discuss the matter, there is nothing to do, no money to raise, and his power is only to discuss whether the matter should be done or not and how to do it.And to do it, it is still in charge of Yu Yousi, if so, how can he accommodate his dance and writing?As for matters such as lawsuits and prisons, they are even more entrusted to the officials. The squires can only serve as reconciliations, or as jurors, and cannot judge the truth about what should be done in Hunan.Westerners do it all over the country, and they don't hear of any harm, so it's just a matter of authority.Who is the wise man?The folks don't know what local official affairs are, and they don't know all the rules. They are taught suddenly and let them manage by themselves.Therefore, we must first make the outstanding people of the people get used to official affairs every day, and then they will be able to take measures with ease.Gentlemen in today's China are sometimes not as good as officials when they are used to do business.Why?Anyone who uses a gentleman is familiar with the situation of the people and can only communicate with the spirit of the upper and lower.Now he is ignorant and ignorant, since he is on the same level as officials, and his love and hypocrisy are not as well-known as officials, so what is the use of it?Therefore, if you want to use a gentleman, you must first teach a gentleman.What is the only way to teach?The only attribute is to learn.First of all, learn from the gentlemen and directors, and all the gentlemen who are known to be good-natured and talented, and each state and county will have a few people, and they will join the Southern Academy in Xianji Province.Books and illustrations are widely collected in the meeting, there is a fixed period for lectures, and there are fixed homework. The chief comes to encourage them from time to time; many people are invited to be the chairman, and they discover the reasons for China's peril, the reasons for the prosperity of the West, and the reasons for politics. The principle is about the principles of doing things.If there is a telegram or a part of the text, if it is not extremely secret, it will be handed over to the meeting for study and discussion; for all new policies, those who are about to be held will be handed over to the meeting to discuss whether it can be done or not, the method will be discussed next, and the plan will be discussed next. The method of payment, and the method of employing people are discussed next.Studying every day and governing affairs every day, after one year, more than half of the people in the meeting can be appointed as councilors.After one year, these members, in addition to staying as members of the general assembly, can be dismissed separately and become members of the state and county branches, and a new class will be re-elected to study in the general assembly.Since the gentry's wisdom is open, the authority is also determined, and everyone knows the reason of peril, that is, everyone thinks of the way to protect themselves, and combines the intelligence and ability of the whole province, and makes every effort to do everything possible, in order to solve the affairs of one province and eliminate one. The harm of the province, the difficulty of defending a province, there is no one who cannot help.

The power of the gentry is the most urgent task at present, but in the future, everything will be done without officials.That is to say, those who want to develop the wisdom of the people and the wisdom of the gentry today, but who use their hands to use the power of officials, do not know how many people are there. Therefore, to develop the wisdom of officials is the starting point of everything.Poor officials cannot be expected to love the people, and foolish officials cannot be expected to manage affairs.According to Wen Huang's method of raising alternate officials and optimizing their salaries according to Chasi, this must be done quickly.If you raise it, teach it.It's no wonder that the official can't manage affairs. He never had the shape of the earth in his mind, and he never had the names of the European countries. If it's done, the big officials don't take this lesson as the best, so why should he know it?Why learn it?To take a matter of a province and entrust it to this generation of people who have no knowledge and no knowledge, but if you want to succeed in the matter, it is still a salary to stop the boiling, but to do it and seek progress.And nothing is as good as not doing things. If you want to do things, you have to entrust them to the hands of this generation, and you can't do them if you can't do them.Then what will happen?He said: "It's just teaching."The instructor sees priests as difficult, but he is old, sees them as vast and gray, has deep habits, and is tainted by eunuchs, making him hold a book at the desk, and treats urchins as academics, it is extremely difficult; but the instructors also regard priests as easy, He looks up to the chief officer like the emperor of heaven, covets the lack of a job like nine tripods, has a slender waist in the palace, and dies in all directions, but when he meets with him, he is a little restrained, and between the commissioners, he shows his purpose slightly. Will go through fire and water to make it, what's more, guide it to learn?Therefore, the official office of the class must be established quickly, but Fubu must be its principal and Si Dao its vice-principal.The hall is set up in the place of Mierfu's office. Every day or once or twice, he must come to the hall in plain clothes, inspect his homework, and teach at any time.The kindest person is the gift of deleting the hall, and treating each other as a teacher and a brother.Books are displayed in the hall, maps are hung, and the books read by various officials are all certain. About the charters of various countries, the histories of various countries, and the books on politics, public law, agriculture, industry, commerce, military, mining, and politics are all necessary. Read, prepare more newspapers, pay attention to materials, and set up notes for each, just like the example of a school.Recruit general staff to teach and review homework.The principal and the vice-principal can freely talk about it, read notes at will; or read a map, and discuss the affairs of the place; or read a book, and discuss the beauty and evil of the book;As for other officials, they are afraid that they will be condemned if they fail their homework, and they will be frustrated if they cannot answer their questions.If you are familiar with the teaching, there must be someone who can discuss what should be done in Hunan, and who has a firm air.Some are given special merits and demerits because of their eagerness to learn, or they are assigned many and lacking ones because of their ability to do things.It is said that Zeng Wenzheng has an hour to talk with the shogunate every day. If there is something to discuss, he will gather the staff of the shogunate to make them express their opinions and debate with each other.Wen Zheng didn't say a word, but picked it up when he returned. He could brainstorm on this matter and see his opinions.Luo Wenzhong, on the other hand, gathers his lectures at a round table, and presents what he sees with pen and ink.Cen Xiangqin and Ding Yusheng's handling of affairs is like training and Mengguan, gathering more than a dozen friends in one room, sitting on more than ten tables, doing things at a fixed time, arriving at any time, leaving no notes on the case, this is a good way to manage affairs with sincerity.Today's China is also suffering from etiquette. People who spend all day long on sundials and spend time in dressing, entertaining, welcoming and sending off don't know how many people are there. Change, do you have enough time to do what you should do?It is advisable to set a time every day to do business in the official hall, and use plain clothes for everything. Anyone who comes to the matter should stop for a while and not welcome or see him off. Avoid, if you have something to do, according to the time, if you meet in the hall, you will be more comfortable, and you will be able to manage more affairs, which is the way to achieve both.To the real lack of officials, the relationship is particularly important. If you can't learn from them all, you must also limit yourself to homework, specify a certain book, and ask them to read it.It is necessary to set up notes, study and manage affairs, both of which are seen together.All his reading experience, as well as the county's human conditions, products, and customs must be included in his notes.It must be written by hand, and there is a substitute for the author who will be severely punished. (Those who are difficult must think that there is a real shortage of officials who are in charge of complicated dramas. An Neng has this time off? I don’t know that the ancients learned when they were good officials. There is absolutely no reason in the world to manage affairs without studying all year round. Gou set a time every day at one or two o’clock Reading does not necessarily mean that there is no time for sundials.) Frequently promulgated handwritten instructions and earnest teachings, such as Zhang Jiangling and Jiang Chen’s separate books, Hu Wenzhong’s instructions to his subordinates, or they are strict, or they are sincere, and there is no failure Educators also.The administration of officials has been slack for a long time, and no one can participate in the impeachment, and it is impossible to win the impeachment.It has no blame and no reputation, and it is ruled by lying down, and there is no great evil to point out, and it is often six or seven out of ten.A husband who sets up puppets in court and does not drink water can be said to be extremely honest, but he cannot be an official.Officials are also those who govern affairs. If officials do not govern affairs, they should be dismissed. How can they disturb the people?Although, those who manage affairs must have both knowledge and talent, and then it can be said.If you don't know about this matter, and you don't know how to deal with it, how can you deal with it?If you haven't paid attention to the method of this matter, how can you rule it?There is a school for one thing about governing the Western country; after learning, he will be taught things, but in his spare time to do things every day, there is no one who wastes books for a day. (If you don’t read books, you read newspapers. It’s the same as the monarch or the cobbler.) People in our country today, from the beginning of their drums, have learned that they don’t use what they have learned, and they don’t use what they have learned. The length of the scroll. "Biography" says: "If you have a beautiful brocade, don't let people learn the system." One official and one town, the shelter of the body, but the education system, let alone the whole life without learning?All the corruption in China originated from this, and those in power are not aware of it.To create a new law today, to create a new law tomorrow, but to be indifferent to whether there are people who practice the law or not, this is really a cry of tears!

The above three ends, one is to develop the wisdom of the people, the other is to develop the wisdom of the gentry, and the third is to develop the wisdom of officials.I secretly think that these three are the foundation of everything, and if the three are all listed, then in the affairs of the whole province, if you hold the fur and lead the way.As for the new policies, most of them have already been implemented in Hunan, such as mining, ships, schools, military training, etc.; Such as railways; or those that have been established but still need to be expanded, such as banknote manufacturing companies; it is not necessary to describe them now.But I think there are two very important things: one is to open the road and connect the blood of the whole province, so that the atmosphere of the whole province can be circulated, and the merchants of the whole province can be exported; The artificial goods produced by the prefectures and counties are gathered together and compared, and those with fine craftsmanship will be rewarded.Changsha was known as a poor country in ancient times, and the Ma clan of the Five Dynasties relied on business and industry to establish a state.Today, if you want to be poor and rich, it is not the end of the way to encourage industry and commerce.Today, no matter what has been done, will be done, or has not been done in the whole province, except for the cooperation of gentlemen, if it is handled by officials, there is almost nothing that is not done by one or two people.When things get complicated, when things get scattered, one person's spirit has the potential to be absolutely irresistible, but without it, there is nothing to rely on.I despise that it is appropriate to set up a new political situation. (The provinces are known as the Bureau of Western Affairs, and its name is the most indecent and unusable.) All the new policies are summed up in it, and a senior official is appointed as the general office, and the people below the assistant are asked to return to the front line. , methodical, or a little easier to do. (The New Political Bureau is located in the Kelitang, which is especially beneficial.)