Chapter 52 2003 Heavy Movement

On March 5, 2003, Zhu Rongji delivered a government work report at the first meeting of the Tenth National People's Congress. Amid endless applause, he announced his retirement from politics.He was replaced by Wen Jiabao, then 61-year-old member of the Standing Committee of Central Statesmen and Vice Premier of the State Council. Since 1991, when he was in danger, he was appointed to Beijing as the deputy prime minister in charge of the economy, and he formally took over as the prime minister in 1998. Zhu Rongji has comprehensively transformed the Chinese economy in a professional and powerful way.During his tenure, the macro economy has been completely within the "38th line", that is, inflation does not exceed 3%, and GDP growth is always higher than 8%.It is this continuous rapid growth that has allowed China to maintain the prosperity of "this side has the best scenery" in the turbulent world.He completely changed the fiscal revenue structure between the central and local governments by "dividing food into kitchens", and further strengthened the ability of centralization.He has achieved unexpected results in the transformation of state-owned enterprises. In the resolute implementation of the strategies of "grasp the large and let go of the small" and "retire the state and advance the people", the state-owned capital groups that have always been sluggish have achieved almost a complete change. In 1998, when he announced that he would complete the task of transforming large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises during his term of office, public opinion at home and abroad was full of doubts, but the final facts proved that he fulfilled his promise in his own way.

At his first press conference as prime minister, when he answered a question from Wu Xiaoli of Phoenix Satellite TV, he said, "Whether there is a minefield or an abyss in front of me, I will go forward without hesitation, do my best, and die." Generous words moved the whole country.People thought that the Prime Minister was talking about the difficulty of advancing the reform, but thinking about it now, they suddenly have new insights. In fact, the decision-makers at that time were also full of great uncertainty about the future of reform. In the 30-year history of corporate reform, Zhu Rongji is one of the most influential political figures after Deng Xiaoping. If Deng Xiaoping determined the direction of China's reform with an open mind, then Zhu Rongji completed the path selection.In the next ten years or even longer, Chinese companies have been walking in the logic of change set by him.

On the second day after he finished his government work report, Southern Weekend published Zhu Rongji's album in full 24 pages, describing to people a Chinese Premier who is dedicated, strong, full of sense of urgency, and sometimes a little sad and helpless. .When Zhu Rongji toured various places during his term of office, he always adhered to the three no principles of "no inscription, no ribbon cutting, and no courtesy".The only few times he "broke the precept" can be seen in his inner worries. On October 7, 1998, Zhu Rongji, who had not long been prime minister, went to CCTV to inspect. In the "Focus Interview" column group, which was the most critical and influential in China at that time, he wrote the inscription "Public opinion supervision, public mouthpiece, government mirror , reform vanguard", and said "I also accept your supervision".He said, "These four sentences were not thought up on the spur of the moment. They were thought about all night yesterday, so that the blood pressure rose."

On April 16, 2001, when Zhu Rongji inspected the Shanghai National Accounting Institute, he wrote the school motto for the school: "Don't take false accounts".On October 29th of the same year, he inspected the Beijing National Accounting Institute and wrote another inscription: "Integrity is the foundation, ethics is the most important thing, follow the rules, and do not make false accounts."He asked the college to conduct a survey: "What I am most concerned about is whether these students have made false accounts. You can conduct an anonymous survey on the students, send out a test paper, and ask them to tick off; one thing is serious fraudulent accounts; one One does a little false accounting; the other does not do false accounting. You do a survey and find out a percentage. The survey must be anonymous.”

In May 2002, Zhu Rongji visited the newly restored former residence of Hu Xueyan, a "red-roofed businessman" in the late Qing Dynasty, in Hangzhou.To the surprise of the local officials, he took the initiative to ask for an inscription: "Hu Xueyan's former residence, with carved beams and bricks, multiple buildings and peaks, is very beautiful in the gardens of the south of the Yangtze River, with the ingenuity of Wuyue culture. Fu is a prince, and half of his wealth is poured into it. It's only three generations, and it's only ten years since the red-capped merchants have been so scheming. They are arrogant, extravagant and promiscuous, forget everything, and get it, so don't give up."

Just when Zhu Rongji left office, Chinese society and the macro economy suddenly encountered a very unexpected severe test. On March 6, the day after Zhu Rongji's government work report, the Beijing Municipal Government reported the first case of SARS, a "ghost" called SARS that invaded China.This is a severe acute pneumonia that is highly contagious and may lead to sudden death. What's more frightening is that its pathogen has not yet been identified, so it is called "atypical pneumonia".The World Health Organization called it Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) at the time. On November 16, 2002, the first SARS case was discovered in Foshan, Guangdong. From February 3 to 14, 2003, the incidence in Guangdong reached its peak.It spread rapidly, from Canton Road to Hong Kong to Beijing and Shanghai, with deaths occurring almost every day.As of April 28, Beijing alone had 1,199 confirmed cases, 1,275 suspected cases, and 59 deaths. Minister of Health Zhang Wenkang and Deputy Secretary of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee Meng Xuenong were dismissed due to ineffective prevention and control.For a time, the fight against SARS became the top priority of the whole country.Because this virus is very contagious, once a suspected case is found, a large area of ​​overall isolation must be carried out immediately. In the first half of 2003, the normal life and business activities of the whole of China were completely disrupted, and every enterprise went through difficult days one after another in panic.The battle against SARS did not finally come to an end until June 24, when the World Health Organization announced the lifting of the travel warning for Beijing.In front of the Wangfujing Department Store, a salesperson happily put up a celebratory slogan with only four words on it: "China is real!".

The real "beautiful" things are still happening.To the surprise of the world, despite such an unexpected disaster, China's economic growth in 2003 was not greatly affected. From the data point of view, the economy in the first two quarters was hit by the epidemic, and the growth rate fell to 6.7%, but it quickly rebounded strongly in the third quarter. By the end of the year, the growth rate of GDP reached 9.1%. Not only higher than the previous year, but even "the fastest growing year since 1997".Service industries such as tourism, aviation, catering, and cultural entertainment have been affected to a certain extent, while industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, textiles, and telecommunications have received unexpected business opportunities.This year, the GDP reached 11 trillion yuan, the per capita GDP exceeded 1,000 US dollars, and the fiscal revenue exceeded 2 trillion yuan. China is still one of the fastest growing countries in the world.Martin Wolf, the chief economic commentator of the British "Financial Times", expressed his astonishing respect for China's strong stamina. In his year-end column, he quoted Napoleon's famous words from 200 years ago: "China is A sleeping lion, once it wakes up, the whole world will tremble." Then he wrote: "Not long ago, the world was relaxed and ignored Napoleon's above warning. But now, China is shaking the world .”

Wolfe wondered, what is the support for the unstoppable growth of the Chinese economy?The answer comes from two aspects. First, the appearance of "Made in China" is strongly driven, and second, the domestic demand market led by real estate is booming. China's export-oriented enterprises continue to play the main role in growth.Experts from the Development Research Center of the State Council found that the country's total import and export volume accounted for more than 50% of the total GDP, which shows that external demand has played a pivotal role in economic growth.Professor Gao Bai from Duke University in the United States compared the export-oriented economic models of China and Japan. He found that in terms of connecting with the international market, the Japanese model is determined to develop its own brand, while the Chinese model is completely serving the global value chain; In terms of technological innovation, China relies more on the production technology brought in by foreign capital, while Japan focuses on R&D and inventions based on independent intellectual property rights; in terms of the dependence of GDP on trade, Japan is at the highest level. It did not exceed 30%, while China already exceeded 65% in 2004; in terms of energy utilization, Japan has always been a global model for energy conservation, but China used 1/3 of the world's steel and cement in 2004, creating equivalent to about 6% of the world's gross domestic product.Therefore, he believes that the Chinese model must be weaker than Japan in terms of viability when major changes in external conditions occur.One factor that Goldberg did not consider is that compared with Japan, China has a huge potential market for domestic demand, which may become a huge buffer zone for Chinese products when a crisis breaks out.According to the statistics of Kearney Enterprise Consulting Company, "Made in China" is becoming popular all over the world, from LG to Mitsubishi, from General Electric to Toshiba, from Siemens to Electrolux, from Philips to Whirlpool, from Nokia to Motorola, from Dell to IBM, from Disney to Mattel, from Nike to GAP... almost all famous brands in the world today have products produced in China.According to Kearney's data, "Made in China" has already dominated the world with the first market share in hundreds of product markets in the fields of containers, home appliances, and electronic toys. Among them, 90% are containers, 80% are DVD players, and 80% are toys. 75% for gifts, 70% for gifts, 65% for sporting goods, 60% for bicycles, 50% for microwave ovens, 30% for both color TVs and refrigerators.Therefore, it concluded that "Made in China" will quickly replace "Made in Japan and the United States" and "Made in Europe" and become synonymous with manufacturing in the new century.

While foreign trade is extremely lively, the real estate heat wave in the domestic market has become the first driving force for stimulating domestic demand.Since the real estate policy was thawed in 1998, the market has gradually become warmer. The first thing to warm up is Zhejiang and the Pearl River Delta region where private capital is the most abundant, and then spread to Shanghai.Real estate has become a new hot spot for investment. This year, a very strange term suddenly hit the media - "Wenzhou real estate speculators group".Since the beginning of the year, groups of Wenzhou people have appeared in newly developed real estate in some coastal cities. They hold the small wooden signs of "Wenzhou House Buying Group" and buy their favorite houses like buying vegetables.

On September 23, Shanghai's "Oriental Morning Post" published an article "National Real Estate Speculation with Hundreds of Billions of Private Funds in Wenzhou". The reporter said that "100,000 Wenzhou people are speculating in properties all over the country, using private capital of about 100 billion yuan. Wenzhou has about 80,000 People buy real estate across the country, at least 90% of them are property speculators. Conservatively estimated, there are more than 70,000 real estate speculators, mainly corporate white-collar workers, family members of government officials, and company leaders...All people in Wenzhou are speculating in real estate. According to the rate of return Calculated at 15%, an investment of 100 billion yuan can produce a net output of 15 billion yuan, which is more profitable than any other industry. The primary market is Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, etc., and the house price is more than 5,500 yuan/square meter; the secondary market is the eastern coastal areas, such as Dalian, Yantai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Fuzhou, etc., and the house price is 4,000-5,000 yuan/square meter; The first-level market is the provincial capital in the east-west zone, or the economically developed cities in the west, such as Hohhot, Wuhan, Changsha, Hefei, Nanchang, Urumqi, etc., and the housing price is 2,500-4,000 yuan/square meter; the fourth-level market is around the provincial capital with a relatively special location. In cities, such as Guilin in Guangxi, Huangshan in Anhui and some other prefecture-level cities, the housing price is 1000-2500 yuan per square meter.

Among the real estate speculators in Wenzhou, in addition to small businessmen with hot money, there are also famous people. Wang Junyao, who is famous for his "boldness", is the first entrepreneur who turned to real estate. At the beginning of 2002, he paid 350 million yuan to buy an "unfinished building" with a total area of ​​80,000 square meters in Xujiahui, a prosperous commercial area in Shanghai. Huge profits are jaw-dropping.Shanghai's "unfinished buildings" were formed around 1997. In the early 1990s, after the development of Pudong started, it triggered a round of real estate investment boom. But the unfinished "unfinished building".By 2003, there were still more than 130 unfinished buildings in Shanghai, with a total project size of nearly 5 million square meters. Most of them became the pockets of foresighted Zhejiang and Hong Kong businessmen. After the phenomenon of "real estate speculators" was exposed, domestic public opinion was mixed.The sensitivity and quick response of Wenzhou people to commercial changes is really admirable. At the same time, some people bombard the "real estate speculators" as the "culprit" for the rising housing prices in various places. The condemnation of "real estate speculators" actually indicates that the era of skyrocketing real estate in China has come.Just like Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan in the 1970s, in the channel of rapid economic growth, the real estate industry with the most prosperous characteristics will definitely become the fastest growing and most profitable place, and real estate will become the birthplace of the new generation of China. The most fertile soil for the rich is also the most indulgent and guilt-ridden industry in the past 30 years.In the 2003 "Forbes" "100 Rich List in Mainland China", people were shocked to see that as many as 40 rich people had real estate as their business (or were involved in real estate).Among the top ten richest people, real estate developers (or those involved in real estate) accounted for 6 people.In comparison, in the annual "Forbes" "Global 100 Rich List", 7 people used real estate as their source of funds (or were involved in real estate), and none of the top 10 started their fortunes from real estate. Zhong Wei, a professor at the Financial Research Center of Beijing Normal University, analyzed the situation of the real estate industry at that time: In terms of land supply, the government reformed the land supply policy in the 1990s, and the government collected land transfer fees by selling state-owned land; The government still uses the method of planned economy to lower the price or even forcibly expropriate land.The left hand expropriates land at a low price through power, while the right hand still uses power to sell land in a "market-oriented" method. The essence is "sell your land and earn my money; the harder the expropriation, the more you earn."It is roughly estimated that in the three years from 2002 to 2004, the cumulative income from land transfer fees across the country reached more than 910 billion yuan. Land acquisition and sales have become the most important "financial pillar" of local governments, and they have also become the most important reason for rising housing prices. push hands.The income distribution of the expropriated land is followed by real estate development enterprises, local governments, village-level organizations and farmers. "Made in China" and the real estate boom have directly created an economic scene that is prosperous both internally and externally.Accompanying this is the unprecedented hunger for upstream energy. Since 2003, the prices of various raw materials and energy have skyrocketed due to shortages. The most prominent manifestation is the electricity shortage.After the summer of this year, power shortage crises broke out in various provinces and cities across the country. Power-consuming provinces such as Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, and even Shanxi Province, which is rich in coal resources, have continued to experience embarrassing power cuts.According to figures provided by the State Electricity Regulatory Commission, the national electricity demand increased by 14% this year, the fastest growth rate in 25 years.Due to the continuous development of key coal-consuming industries such as iron and steel, chemical fertilizers, and cement, coal consumption has increased rapidly, driving up the national electricity load and electricity consumption. There are two reasons for the "electricity shortage". One is the rapid economic growth, and the other is the years of wrangling between the two monopoly industries of coal and electricity.For a long time, coal power has been implemented in a planned and allocated supply mode. At the beginning of each year, relevant state departments organize coal, railway and electric power departments to hold a special coal ordering meeting, sign a one-year coal purchase and sales contract, and then follow the "plan" implement.Under this policy arrangement, the power sector, known as the "electric tiger", has always been one of the most profitable monopoly enterprises, while the coal enterprises feel quite unfair, because the annual planned purchase and sale prices are lower than the market price. .As a result, those stories that happened in the planning system era were repeatedly staged. Coal enterprises and power departments quarreled every year, and at the same time, they sold a large amount of coal to unplanned private enterprises.In order to "guarantee" their own benefits, the power sector would rather ask for less coal than raise prices.This kind of wrangling directly led to a gradual decline in the proportion of power construction investment in the national infrastructure investment, from 12.09% during the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period (1991-1995) to 10.4% during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period (1996-2000). Only 7.17%, has lagged behind the growth rate of GDP.At the National Coal Order Conference in early 2003, in order to protect the interests of coal companies, the relevant state departments announced the cancellation of the guide price of thermal coal, hoping to stabilize the imbalance of interests between the two departments through market-oriented means.Unexpectedly, this move caused a strong rebound from the power sector. The provincial power companies resisted in series and refused to buy coal. The price of coal for this year could not be determined at the order meeting.It is in such a situation that the "electricity shortage" appeared. In order to cope with the crisis, various places have frequently resorted to strange measures: In addition to planned power consumption schemes such as peak shifting, peak avoidance, and power rationing, all provinces and cities have restricted power consumption or partially cut off power for high energy-consuming industries.The Guangdong provincial government has decided to import coal at a high price in case of an emergency to ease the pressure on supply and demand.Sichuan Province stipulates that from December to April of the following year, a linkage mechanism for coal and electricity prices will be implemented, that is, electric coal and bituminous coal will increase by 5 yuan per ton, anthracite coal will rise by 10 yuan per ton, and electricity prices will increase by 2.9% per kilowatt-hour.Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, where there are many small and medium-sized enterprises, are forced to implement a power consumption plan of "open two, stop one", "open five, stop two" or even "open three, stop four" for enterprises.This is a situation that has never been seen since 1978. Many factories are complaining, and shopping malls in some counties and cities can only light candles to receive customers at night. The "electricity shortage" has even affected people's livelihood. In August, Shanghai's Bund, known as the "city that never sleeps", turned off most of the landscape lights. In order to save electricity, the city government called on citizens to increase the temperature of air conditioners by one degree.Beginning in November, the entire province of Hunan began to cut power.In Changsha, the provincial capital, candles and emergency lights, which used to be barely bought, are out of stock. In December, the electricity supplied to Zhejiang by Central China Power Grid dropped from 700,000 kilowatts per day to 150,000 kilowatts per day. Hangzhou was forced to pull power on December 1, and 38 lines were cut off, affecting hundreds of thousands of urban residents.On the same day, Guangdong Province announced an increase in charges for residents whose monthly electricity consumption exceeds 300 kilowatts. Affected by the "electricity shortage", various raw materials, which were already in short supply, took advantage of the momentum to rise, and the prices of cement and steel reached the point of "January and March".In the Yangtze River Delta area, there is even a new "five ones" saying: "The production of one ton of steel only needs an investment of 10 million yuan, and the production of one million tons of steel only needs to be completed in one year, and the investment can be recovered in one year. "This crazy input-output efficiency sounds almost legendary.Profit-driven investment is driven by various subjective and objective factors. In 2003, China's economy and industrial structure underwent a very major transformation—a transition from light-duty to heavy-duty. Professor Li Yining, a professor at Peking University and known as "Liguo" for his efforts to promote the reform of the shareholding system, was one of the first economists to observe this phenomenon.He wrote an article at the beginning of the year that since the mid-1990s, after experiencing the rapid development of light industry, China's "secondary heavy industrialization" has begun to emerge.This not only has the objective law of "from light to heavy" at work, but also reflects the huge demand for equipment renewal and transformation in industrial development itself. Therefore, "from the government to the enterprise, all should follow this strategy in terms of strategic layout and technological innovation. a trend".The best evidence to support Professor Li's observation is the comprehensive recovery of a large number of state-owned monopoly enterprises gathered in the upstream resource-based fields.Against the backdrop of energy shortages, some companies are happy and others are sad. Those who are worried are the many private manufacturing factories downstream, and those who are happy are naturally the upstream monopoly enterprises.This year, the profits of large state-owned monopoly enterprises soared. In 2002, state-owned enterprises achieved a profit of 378.6 billion yuan. This was an unimaginable report card a few years ago. You must know that in 1998, the profit of state-owned enterprises was only 21.3 billion yuan, an increase of 18 times in 4 years. The growth rate is really appalling. .Moreover, such a scene has only just begun.By 2003, the profit data reached 476.9 billion yuan.In the next few years, the profits of state-owned enterprises will continue to increase at an astonishing rate of more than 30% per year.Someone made a statistic. In 2003, only 7 companies including PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC, Baosteel Group, China Mobile, China Unicom, and China Telecom accounted for 70% of the profits of all central enterprises. It is the petrochemical and telecommunications industries monopolized by the state. Only three oil companies have gained more than 30 billion yuan in profits out of thin air through price increases. The soaring benefits and revival of vitality have created an unprecedented favorable atmosphere for the integration of state-owned enterprises. In March, the State Council made a major decision, announcing the establishment of the State-owned Assets Management Commission, which brought together the management functions of the former Central Enterprise Working Committee, the Ministry of Finance, the State Economic and Trade Commission, and the State Planning Commission for the management of state-owned enterprises, accepting a total of 178,400 100 million yuan of state-owned assets, 159,000 state-owned and state-owned industrial and commercial holding companies, of which 196 are directly under the central government under the direct management of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission. monopoly enterprises.Li Rongrong, director of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, declared that the goal of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission is to adjust and reorganize the "central army" to 80-100 by 2010, of which 30-50 are internationally competitive.The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission is an institution with highly centralized power and multiple administrative and market management functions. No department has ever been given so many powers before, including: appointing and revoking or nominating the person in charge of state-owned enterprises, formulating state-owned Enterprise restructuring plan, division, merger or cancellation of state-owned assets, help state-owned enterprises to issue bonds for financing, decide on the transfer of state-owned shares, implement the guiding principles for the overall remuneration distribution of state-owned enterprises, and be responsible for the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets. In the second month after the establishment of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the first reorganization of central enterprises was implemented. China National Medicinal Materials Group was formally merged into China National Pharmaceutical Group, thus forming China National Pharmaceutical Group, thus forming the largest pharmaceutical group in China. On July 10, SASAC held its first "family meeting" since its establishment.At this meeting, 5 merger cases of large central enterprises surfaced collectively; China Coal Construction Group Co. The Research Institute of Food Fermentation Industry was merged into China Light Industry Group Corporation, China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation was merged into China National Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, and China Huaqing Enterprise Corporation was merged into China Arts and Crafts (Group) Corporation.Li Rongrong signed performance appraisal contracts with more than 100 business executives one by one.SASAC's management of these large enterprises obviously refers to Jack Welch's "first and second" strategy.Li Rongrong said, "The state gives three years to become the top three in each industry. Find someone by yourself. If you can't reach it, you have to adjust it. Either you adjust it or I adjust it." The strong appearance of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission shows that the central government The new asset management system has finally taken shape, and the two major reform themes since 1978, "Relaxation of Mechanism and System Innovation", have been completed.A related news that has not been paid much attention to is that just in March when the SASAC was established, the State Council Restructuring Office, which had played an important role in the history of Chinese enterprise reform, was abolished and its personnel merged into the National Development and Reform Commission.Changes in the Department of Economic Reform: In May 1982, the Fifth National People's Congress decided to establish the National Economic System Reform Commission (hereinafter referred to as the National Economic System Reform Commission), which was included in the sequence of ministries and commissions of the State Council and became the most important government department to guide the national enterprise reform. In March 1998, the Economic System Reform Commission was downgraded to the "State Council Economic System Reform Office".At the same time, set up a fictitious National Commission for Restructuring the Economic System, with the prime minister serving concurrently and relevant ministers serving as members. In March 2003, with the establishment of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Council Reform Office was officially abolished. The establishment of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the promulgation of related policies indicate that an "ideal" corporate structure has been formed in the minds of policymakers: private enterprises that rely on "light and small collections" to survive and develop in the fully competitive field downstream of the industry space, while large state-owned enterprises fully control several monopoly industries upstream, so "the Chu River and the Han border are clearly separated."However, it is impossible to "plan" like this in the real world.Just as the "second heavy industrialization" became a consensus, a debate was sparked in the economics circle. The focus of the debate was how to choose the path of heavy industrialization.A group of views represented by Li Yining believes that in the process of transforming the economic structure to heavy-duty, the government should play the role of the main body of adjustment, because its fiscal revenue and performance evaluation determine that the government must engage in heavy-duty heavy-duty chemical industry with large output value and high tax revenue. Industry. At the same time, the government is also capable of developing heavy industry because it has the two largest resources of land and credit rights.Scholars represented by Wu Jinglian believe that the adjustment of industrial structure should use the power of the market and allow private capital to enter. It is wrong for the government to invest and participate in it.Echoing the debate in the academic circles, in 2003, there was a "heavy-duty movement" in China's private enterprises. In March of this year, 41-year-old Dai Guofang stood on the long embankment on the south bank of the Yangtze River and told reporters who came to interview in Mandarin with a strong southern Jiangsu accent, "Tieben will surpass Baosteel within three years and catch up with Pudong within five years." item." When he said this at the same time, he was as excited as a big kid who had already snatched the trophy into his arms.Baosteel and POSCO are the two largest steel plants in China and South Korea respectively, ranking fifth and third in the world.Dai Guofang, who has only a primary school education, plans to build a large steel plant with an annual output of 8.4 million tons on the bank of the Yangtze River. This is a bitter child who grew out of wormwood. He was born in a small village called Dunan Village in Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province. When I was 12 years old, because my family was too poor, I had to drop out of school to make a living. My first job was picking up scrap metal.He seemed to have a special talent in business. After saving a little money, he bought a briquetting machine to crush the collected scrap iron into iron blocks, which could be sold at a higher price. In 1996, Dai Guofang registered and established Jiangsu Tieben Cast Steel Co., Ltd. with a registered capital of 2 million yuan. The meaning of "iron base" is to start with iron and never leave the industry.Around 2000, Tieben’s factory area expanded to 270 acres, with more than 1,000 workers. In that year’s “New Fortune” “China’s 400 Rich List”, he ranked 376th, with an estimated net worth of 220 million Yuan. In recent years, with the sustained and rapid growth of the macro economy, steel prices have generally continued to rise.At the gate of Tieben Factory, large trucks from all over the country lined up in a long queue, waiting to pick up the goods. Such a scene appeared every day.According to Dai Guofang's estimate, China's iron and steel fever can last at least 5-6 years, and he decided to build a larger steel plant.Tieben's new construction plan has been enthusiastically supported by the Changzhou Municipal Government.Changzhou, Suzhou, and Wuxi are collectively called "Suxichang", but large enterprises have a short leg.Everyone knows that iron and steel is an industry with large investment and large output. Tieben's dream suddenly became Changzhou's dream.In the eyes of many officials in Changzhou, Dai Guofang is a trustworthy and trustworthy person.He has a thin face, taciturn, and has no hobbies in his life. He just stays in the factory all day long, discussing with technicians.He is a well-known "five-no boss" in the local area. He does not take high-end cars, does not enter entertainment venues, does not eat and drink, does not gamble, and does not even live in high-end hotels. He lives very frugally on weekdays, and all his savings are invested in factories. Here, my father and stepmother have been growing vegetables in the countryside for farming.His family lived in a small, crude house in a steel mill, and he didn't care when a big truck hit a hole on one side of the house.The car he drives all the year round is a foreclosed Santana 2000. Even after becoming a billionaire on the rich list, he does not change his frugal nature. At first, Dai Guofang's vision was not as ambitious as later.The plan he put forward was to build a new factory with a little more than double the current production capacity. However, driven by the enthusiasm of the officials, the Tieben project was revised and expanded day by day.In just 6 months, the scale of the project has been set at 8.4 million tons from over 2 million tons at the beginning, and the scale has climbed from 2,000 acres to 9,379 acres. The estimated project budget is an astronomical 10.6 billion yuan .At that time, Tieben's fixed assets were 1.2 billion yuan.The net assets are 670 million yuan.To launch a project exceeding 10 billion yuan with such a capital scale is undoubtedly a "small horse-drawn cart".Dai Guofang said to her subordinates, "With so much support from the local government, where can I find such a good opportunity?" After confirming the information of government support, the local bank boldly lent money to Tieben, and Tieben received 4.399 billion yuan at once. bank credit. It is very difficult for a private enterprise to start a steel project with an investment of tens of billions of yuan and an area of ​​nearly 10,000 mu to obtain approval from important relevant departments.China's economic reform has always had a tradition of "passing through barriers", that is, the so-called "go fast when you see a green light, and go around a red light".Many reforms were successfully implemented in this kind of breakthrough, which was spread as a good talk in the future, and many of them fell down in the process and became typical examples of violations.This gap between reform and development and system design has become a gray phenomenon throughout the history of Chinese enterprises. Changzhou people also tried the method of "passing through" on the Tieben project. Tieben's 8.4 million tons project was split into 7 sub-projects and 1 wharf project and reported separately. Tieben correspondingly established 7 companies with no name "Joint venture company".In the examination and approval of construction land right certificates, the land was "divided into parts" and divided into 14 lands for approval.The Economic Development Bureau of Changzhou High-tech Zone, where the project is located, quickly approved all infrastructure projects within one day.Dai Guofang later told reporters who came to the detention center, "All the procedures at that time were handled by the government, and we didn't go to ask about these things. When the government said it was ok, we started working." Like almost all fields, private iron and steel enterprises have always had a cost advantage. The ironmaking cost of private enterprises is 60-90 yuan/ton lower than that of state-owned enterprises, the steelmaking cost is 60-150 yuan/ton lower, and the finished product is 100-300 yuan/ton lower. Ton.Therefore, Dai Guofang said, "It's like building a house at home. If you buy a ready-made house, it is very expensive. If we buy materials and build it ourselves, it will be 50% cheaper. We only need 300 million yuan to build a blast furnace." Diversified, and others want 700 million, or even 800 million." In order to form a long-term cost advantage, Dai Guofang also reached a long-term iron ore supply agreement with an Australian company, which is much cheaper than the market price. In 2003, Dai Guofang was obviously not the only private entrepreneur entering the steel industry.When he was dreaming of a big dream of steel by the Yangtze River, Guo Guangchang of Shanghai Fosun was also planning to build a steel plant in Ningbo, Zhejiang. Guo Guangchang, born in 1967, graduated from the Philosophy Department of Fudan University and is a young man among domestic private companies.He founded Fosun in 1992, initially as a sales and marketing agent for a real estate company in Shanghai. Two years later, Fosun launched its own real estate project, which achieved explosive growth in the high-temperature era of Shanghai real estate.Afterwards, Fosun successively entered the fields of medicine, finance, and retail, and turned upside down in the securities market, building the famous "Fosun System" in the Chinese stock market.In the 2002 "Forbes" China Rich List, Guo Guangchang ranked ninth. What is even more eye-catching is that he has a series of "halo" on his head: member of the Ninth CPPCC National Committee, representative of the Tenth National People's Congress , Member of the Standing Committee of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, "Shanghai Top Ten Outstanding Youth", and Chairman of the Shanghai Zhejiang Chamber of Commerce.Fosun entered the steel industry in 2001. In July of that year, Fosun first tried its hand and invested 350 million yuan to acquire a 30% stake in Tangshan Jianlong. Two years later, it joined forces with Nanjing Iron and Steel Group, a veteran private iron and steel company, to form Nanjing Iron and Steel United Co., Ltd., which is actually controlled by Fosun 60%, and at the same time controlled the listed company Nanjing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., this year, Nanjing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. realized a net profit of 489 million yuan.It was under the incentive of extraordinary profits that Guo Guangchang bet on Ningbo, investing US$1.2 billion to build a steel factory with an annual output of 6 million tons. In July, Liu Yongxing of the Sichuan Liu family, who was elected "China's richest man", announced in Baotou that East Hope Group will invest 10 billion yuan to build a one-million-ton aluminum-electricity integration project here.Liu Yongxing said that he has been preparing for 8 years to enter the heavy industry. After the Liu brothers became kings in the feed industry, they showed a keen interest in the monopoly industry.The fourth brother, Liu Yonghao, successfully entered the well-established financial industry through his shareholding in Minsheng Bank, while the second child, Liu Yongxing, has a soft spot for heavy industry.His judgment is very simple, "Currently the main forces of China's heavy industry are state-owned enterprises and foreign capital, and ordinary private enterprises cannot enter due to the capital threshold. If Dongfang wants to get involved in heavy industry, it can give full play to the existing 'fast, economical, and good' in operation and management. characteristics, and quickly establish a competitive advantage of low cost and high efficiency.” Since 1998, Liu Yongxing has been looking for a suitable project. A bit "crazy" and ridiculous idea: "I want to work in multinational companies, especially Chinese heavy industrial enterprises! I don't need wages, and I will serve for three years and do things for it wholeheartedly. If I worked as an assistant for Wang Yongqing for 3 years , I will definitely be able to build my own big business." The listener laughed secretly, but Liu Yongxing didn't think he was joking, he actually asked them to help contact Wang Yongqing through some intermediaries. By 2002, Liu Yongxing gradually formed the idea of ​​integrating aluminum and electricity. He calculated this way: because aluminum consumes a lot of energy, only by combining aluminum and electricity can we gain more industrial space, while China China's electricity supply system is notoriously inefficient. If you do something yourself, you can not only supply aluminum production, but also sell it.What excites Liu Yongxing is that the aluminum and electricity industry chain can even be grafted with the feed industry: electricity cannot directly support feed, but a large amount of steam generated by power generation can be used for secondary use. If it is combined with hot spots, it can just support the raw material of feed - lysine acid production.就这样，刘永行形成了铝电复合——电热联产——赖氨酸——饲料生产的庞大产业链。 就在包头项目开工前，他已经在山东聊城投资7.5亿元生产铝锭和铝业深加工，同时还在河南省三门峡启动了投资总额为45亿元的年产105万吨的氧化铝工程。这一系列组合式投资表明这位“饲料大王”成为中国“铝业大王”的雄心。在包头项目开工后不久，刘永行又利用他在民营企业中的号召力，在北京召集国内知名的13家民营企业开会，提议合组一家投资公司，目的是出国探矿，去海外投资氧化铝厂，万向集团的鲁冠球亦派出代表北上开会。刘永行用自己的行动证明重工业的前景，他说，“我做饲料二十多年，如今才不过三十多亿元的产值。我的两个铝厂到2008年就应该达到115万吨的产量，如果按现在1.6万元的价格，就是接近200亿的产值。”两相对比，与会者都兴奋地感觉到了何谓“重工业”。 事实上，就在刘永行一脚踏进铝业的时候，国内电解铝产能大幅扩张，对氧化铝的需求水涨船高。在2003年，全国对氧化铝的需求超过1100万吨，国产氧化铝产量只能满足一般需求，半数以上都是通过中铝集团和中国五矿集团进口，而且前者还控制了国内100%的氧化铝生产。这样一种供需状况，使得国内氧化铝价格由上年年中的1300元／吨快速上升至3700元／吨。据刘永行的计算，每吨氧化铝的成本为1000多元，高度垄断是中铝集团的暴利超过了300%。 就在很多人祝贺刘永行冲进了一个“好行业”的时候，他却担忧起来，因为，“太赚钱的行业，一般不是我们的行业。”果然，东方希望集团的突进很快引来了垄断者中铝集团的不悦，中铝董事长郭声琨明确表示：“一不反对，二不评论，但是我们表示遗憾。”刘永行后来对媒体承认，“在中铝的示意下，沈阳和贵阳两个镁铝设计院相继停止了对三门峡项目的设计工作。” 向来思维慎密的刘永行不可能没有全盘考虑所有的风险和胜算。55岁的他显然深知这次选择的份量，“一旦失误的话，几十年的积累就前功尽弃，所以必须一步成功。”因此，他从一开始就表现得非常谨慎和低调，东方希望的二十多亿启动资金没有一分钱是从银行贷款的，包头工程的开工仪式非常简单，除了一位与刘永行私交甚好的《南风窗》记者外，没有其他媒体被邀请到场。 在民营经济最为活跃的浙江省，则出现了一场轰轰烈烈的“民企造车运动”。浙江向来是汽车配件制造的基地，受同乡李书福获得“准生证”的新闻刺激，一大群与李书福类似的企业家纷纷燃起了制造整车的冲动。 这一年，造车新闻层出不穷：浙江中誉集团联手东风注册成立武汉中誉汽车有限公司；浙江铁牛实业有限公司出手重组汽配件类上市公司ST金马；宁波华翔集团通过受让股份，持60%的股份收购了河北中兴汽车制造公司；制造空调的奥克斯集团收购了沈阳双马汽车95%的股权，并宣布在5年内将斥资80亿元进军汽车产业；金华青年集体与贵州航空工业（集团）有限公司签订合作协议，入主贵州云雀；连靠传呼机和手机起家的宁波波导集团也宣布将投资40亿元建设轿车基地。 到9月底，发改委先后收到了浙江四十余家民营企业要求取得整车生产目录的申请。据当时浙江省工商联的调查统计：浙江已经进入汽车整车制造业的企业有28家，范围涉及轿车、皮卡、商务车和客车，其中汽车生产厂5家，占全国的4%，生产改装车的企业14家，占全国的2.7%。浙江民企“造车如同赶集”的现象引起了中央的关注。10月，国家发改委、国家税务总局等5部委赴浙江多个城市多个城市进行汽车产业调研，最后得出的结论是，“浙江民企造车并没有过热，没有太严重的问题。” 在全国范围内，造车的热浪也颇为壮观。在广东，全国最大的小家电制造商美的集团受让湖南三湘客车集团有限公司的股权；全球最大的镍电池制造商比亚迪集团收购西安秦川汽车有限责任公司77%的股权；在重庆，生产摩托车的力帆集团先后收购重庆客车厂和重庆特种汽车公司，重组成立重庆力帆重客商用汽车制造有限公司；另一家摩托车企业重庆隆鑫则收购成都山鹿汽车有限公司，进入客运车市场；在河北，保定的长城汽车集团于这年12月在香港主板挂牌，发行1.14亿股H股，募集资金15.16亿港元，成为首家在港上市的民营汽车企业；在江苏，已经得手科龙的顾雏军宣布收购扬州亚星集团所持有的60.67%国家股，从而成为亚星客车第一大股东…… 即便是在国有资本最为强势的石油领域，也出现了民营资本的试水者。这年，一家叫天发石油的民营企业获得商务部颁发的全国成品油和原油进口牌照，成为唯一同时拥有两个牌照的民营石油企业。 天发的创办人龚家龙很早就涉足石油行业，他先是在海南和湖北等地倒卖石油，1988年左右，收购了两个石油液化气库，随后，成立了海南龙海石油液化气公司荆州储运站。1996年，天发石油在深交所上市，募集3亿元资金，当时天发石油拥有一座加油站和三个液化气站。接下来的几年，中石化与中石油强势崛起，垄断气息日浓，民营业者空间渐窄，龚家龙再无作为。一直到2002年之后，随着油价的不断上升，石油已经越来越成为一个公众话题。每一次原油价格上升或者国内成品油价格调整都会引发大众媒体持续的关注和报道。舆论不断要求放开市场和打破石油垄断。精明的龚家龙趁势而上，在争取到商务部的两张牌照后，他进一步大胆地提出了筹建民营石油行业协会的建议。他试图仿效民生银行的成功先例，依靠全国工商联的背景，在石油领域打开一条通道。在他的四处游说下，全国工商联同意组建石油商会，共有五十多家企业成为首批会员，龚家龙则成为首任会长。他因此被称为“民营石油第一人”，有的媒体甚至给他贴上了“挑战垄断的石油斗士”的标签。龚家龙对外高调宣布要成立一个“石油产业基金”，希望能够集聚百亿资金，到海外寻找油源。在接受记者采访时，龚家龙宣称，由于没有油源，民营企业拥有的加油站通常是从中石油、中石化手中以更高的价格买油，在油荒的时候，甚至根本就拿不到油，这使民营油企的生存倍加艰难。他说，“我们最想做的第一件事情是把中国将近4万多个分散的加油站联合起来。” 从钢铁到铝业、从汽车到石化，民营企业在2003年发动的这场“重型化运动”，在很多奶奶后仍然让人津津乐道，市场的车轮似乎正在碾向坚硬的垄断地带。在过去的30年里，中国民营资本力量在1987年和1996年先后有过两次突破所有制藩篱的努力而未能成功，那么，2003年的这次“重型化运动”则是第三次，也是实力最为强大的集体冲锋。针对这一活跃景象，《中国企业家》杂志在年底的一篇评论中不无感慨地写道：“当民企的升级和中国的新型工业化正在适时对接，民营'企业家精神'和民营资本一并注入中国的重工业时，人们不再怀疑，耕耘在重工业领域的民营资本在未来数年内将刷新中国民营企业的最强阵营；这轮以市场化力量为主要发动机的新工业运动将托生出中国第一批不是官员出身、不被政府任免、只以市场论功过的重工业巨头。”这段评论在日后读来，恍若前世梦语。 与发生在商业界的这场运动相呼应的是，经济思想界也正在运行着深刻的反思。当年那个因写作《中国往何处去》而坐牢的“红卫兵”杨曦光如今已成为著名的经济学家杨小凯，他提出的“后发劣势”理论引起了广泛的讨论。 他认为，落后国家由于发展比较迟，所以有很多东西可以模仿发达国家。模仿有两种形式，一种是模仿制度，另一种是模仿技术和工业化模式。由于模仿的空间很大，所以可以在制度不够完善的条件下，通过对技术和管理模式的模仿，取得发达国家必须在一定制度下才能取得的成就。特别是，模仿技术比较容易，模仿制度比较困难，因为要改革制度会触犯一些既得利益，因此落后国家会倾向于技术模仿。杨小凯进而警告说，“但是，落后国家虽然可以在短期内取得非常好的发展，但是会给长期的发展留下许多隐患，甚至长期发展可能失败。这种短期的成功，可能又是'对后起者的诅咒'，它用技术模仿代替制度改革将产生很高的长期代价。譬如，政府垄断银行业、保险业、汽车制造业、电信业，并且模仿新技术和资本主义的管理方法来替代制度改革，这是中国的后发劣势。这种后发劣势的最重要弊病并不是国有企业效率低，而是将国家机会主义制度化，政府即当裁判，又当球员。在这种制度下，国有企业效率越高，越不利于长期经济发展。” 在解决方案方面，杨小凯并不在主张立即就搞国有企业私有化。他认为，“这个东西不能搞得太快、太早，我主张吸取台湾的经验，搞自由化，就是对私人企业不歧视。我们中国大陆现在包括银行、证券在内的三十多个行业不准私人经营，还有二十多个行业限制私人经营，这些都与WTO的原则不相符合，迟早要去掉的。所有只需搞自由化而不必搞私有化。台湾自由化搞得差不多了，才搞大企业的私有化。这是成功的。私有化涉及产权的大的变动，短期内一般会使效率下降，所以应该慎重，而且应该掌握时机。但是自由化是可以提早搞的。这里讲的自由化不是指自由价格，而是实行自动注册制，让私人经营所有行业。”杨小凯的这些分析和主张与吴敬琏11年前就已经提出的“制度大于技术”的改革观念如出一辙，无非杨小凯的论调在此时显出更紧要的迫切性。 在对“后发劣势”进行反思的同时，还有人提出要警惕“拉美化”。在12月的“2003中国企业领袖年会”上，一些经济学家和民营企业家讨论了这个话题。他们认为：“在欢迎巨大外资的同时，中国所有的民营企业家应该有一丝悲哀，因为捆住了私人企业的手脚才使得外资大规模进入。”华裔经济学家、美国麻省理工学院黄亚生教授的观点最为鲜明，他说，“我们看中国经济主体的时候，发现真正主导中国经济主体的不是中国的企业。中国对外资的依赖正在造成'拉美化'。” 由全国并购研究中心出版的《中国产业地图》似乎印证了他的观点，中国每个已开放产业的前5名都由外资公司控制。在中国28个主要产业的三资企业中，外资在21个产业中拥有多数资产控制权。一个叫张文中的民营企业家在一篇题为《对拉美化说不》的文章中写道：“从巴西乃至整个拉美的发展经验可以看出，通过引进外资虽然可以获得短时间的经济繁荣，但无限制的、过度的开放给国家发展带来的危害却是根本的、长久的。事实上，我国的外资渗透程度已然十分严重。如再不警醒，恐难避免重蹈拉美化的覆辙。我国外资存量所占国内生产总值的比重已大大高于其他亚洲国家，甚至多出日本三十多倍。我国的外来直接投资（FDI）占社会固定资产投资总额的比例已然是世界主要经济体中最高的之一。” 这些声音，既有对中国企业前景的理想思考，当然也掺杂了一些利益集团的诉求。它们十分清晰地呈现出这样的事实：在经历了二十多年的蓬勃发展后，巨大利益包裹着的那层意识形态的“外衣”已经悄然不见，三大资本集团——国有资本、跨国资本与民营资本之间的激烈博弈已经成了中国公司成长最重要而显著的特征。 就跟过去的那些年一样，互联网在中国经济中仍然是一个“另类”，这里没有管制，没有禁区，没有秩序，当然对国内生产总值的贡献也是微不足道。不过在这年，它却以一种十分戏剧化的方式引起了普通国人的热切关注，因为在这个领域中，突然冒出了一个年轻的“中国首富”。 当上“首富”的是前两年还有点意气阑珊的网易丁磊，这个自称“跌倒了也要抓一把沙子在手里”的宁波青年终于熬到了头。从2002年第二季度起，网易首次实现净盈利，网易股票开始领涨纳斯达克。2002年，网易成为纳斯达克3600多家上市公司中表现最优异的股票，全球著名的财经通讯社彭博社评论说，“其成长性可以成为纳斯达克第一股。”2003年10月10日，网易股价升至70.27美元的历史高点，比年初股价攀升了617%，比2001年9月1日的历史低点攀升了108倍。丁磊的纸面财富也超过了50亿人民币，他成为第一个靠互联网做成“中国第一富豪”的创业者，这个事实第一次让互联网的财富价值以数字的方式被清晰而准确地呈现出来。 这是一种与上一代财富人物截然不同的创富方式，当时商业界最耀眼的明星企业家们，如柳传志、张瑞敏等都已经创业将近20年，然而论到财富积累，都无法与年轻的丁磊同日而语，即便是具有红色资本家的荣智健也用了十余年的时间才完成了这一财富聚集的过程，而丁磊从50万元初创网易到攀上首富宝座不过短短6年。很显然，这是一个具有标志意义的事件，它宣告年轻的互联网创业者们成为名副其实的商业主流力量，财富积累的“利基”真的已经陡然转移。 网易名列三大门户网站之一，不过要提及的是，它的盈利增长竟与门户没有一点关系。事实上，靠广告收入为盈利来源的门户网站在2003年前后已经走向中衰，网易的成功正在于丁磊的率先反叛。他找打了两个新的业务，一是短信业务，二是网络游戏。短信业务靠的是通信垄断企业的“施舍”，随着手机的普及，移动短信业务突然爆炸，靠用户增加就已经赚到手软的中国移动和中国联通两大公司尚无暇开发这个业务，于是网易就成了短信内容的重要提供商。根据当时的协议，用户通过网易发送一条收费为1元的短信，移动公司分走0.2元，网易可得0.8元。在2002年，中国移动发送的短信约为750亿条，其中，网易等服务商代理的短信比例约占到20%，显然，这是一块让人垂涎的大蛋糕。除此之外，丁磊还把重点放在网络游戏上，他推出了一款《大话西游》的大型网络角色游戏，它迅速为网易带来了滚滚财源。丁磊大难不死，在30而立之年经历了一次职业的大磨难，后来他在一所大学演讲时说道，“在30岁之前，我最大的收获并不是赚到了两三个亿，而是有过一段亏掉了两三个亿的经历。” 以网易的咸鱼翻身为标志，互联网经济在经历了两年多的沉寂之后，重又回到了井喷的时代，新浪、搜狐相继实现盈利。一些在日后将主宰中国网络经济的重要力量也在这年雏形乍现。 在电子商务领域，马云的阿里巴巴呈现出一骑绝尘的态势。年初的非典事件让这家企业经历了一次奇异的考验，阿里巴巴一位参加广交会的女员工被发现有感染非典的嫌疑，全公司五百多名员工立刻被宣布“居家隔离”，公司的正常运作被全部打断，大家只能在家里上网工作。4年后，马云仍然心有余悸地认为，“我觉得非典期间是我们最大的挑战。”不过，出乎他意料的是，非典竟是中国电子商务猛然觉醒的转折点，由于正常的商务往来和会展交易被彻底打断，很多企业只能靠互联网来维持联系和寻找商机，阿里巴巴的流量大增。上年，马云设想出了一个有偿服务的“诚信通”业务，推出之后一直没有起色，业务部门使出了吃奶的力气，一周也只能签回几单合同。非典之后，情况顿时大有改观，在亏损黑暗中苦苦摸索的阿里巴巴突然看到了黑暗中的光明。 In the field of search engines, Google, the global overlord, was attacked by a young Chinese genius.这年，一家叫百度的中国公司在第三方评测中首次超越Google，成为中国网民首选的搜索引擎。三年前，1968年出生的山西青年李彦宏放弃博士学位从硅谷回到北京中关村，创建百度，公司名称源自南宋诗人辛弃疾的那句凄美的千古绝唱：“众里寻他千百度，暮然回首，那人却在灯火阑珊处。”而百度的战略也绝对是中国式的，它不断推出富有特色的中文类别搜索服务，看上去像一颗从黄土地里长出来的苗木，相比较，高高在上的Google则更像是从美国移植过来的一个盆景。 2001年10月，李彦宏推出了全新的搜索服务“搜索引擎竞价排名”，把盈利来源直接对准了广大的中下企业，它们只要付出几百元的推广预付金，就能让自己的网页更容易被搜索到，这种界乎于点击广告与电子商务之间的服务让百度一下子撞开了盈利的大门。 跟丁磊、马云或李彦宏的创业故事相比，曾经是校园诗人的江南春则更有传奇色彩。1973年出生的江南春在大学三年级的时候，跟人合伙办起了一家广告公司，这是一个精力极其旺盛、喜欢当推销员又爱好写点分段抒情文字的年轻人，他平时只睡4个小时，每天穿梭在上海的各个写字楼里寻找客户。这年1月，他一脸倦怠地挤在一个写字楼的电梯厅里傻等，身边时同样无聊而表情麻木的上班白领，就在这个时刻，灵感突然如天使一般从半空降下，击中江南春。他盯住两部电梯之间的白墙忽然想到，“是不是可以在这里装一台播广告的电视机呢？”5月，分众传媒成立，江南春在两年时间里，把2万台电视播放器挂进了全国45个大中城市的电梯厅，而成熟的IT技术让他解决了即时更新广告内容的难题。 互联网就是这样一个造就传奇的地方，这里好比是一个激情四射的大窑，烈火之中，偶然必然每每天人交战，绝美陶瓷时时惊艳出世。