Chapter 41 new empire born of war

〖After World War II, Britain and the United States took advantage of the marriage of oil and finance to obtain huge economic benefits.In order to fight against the increasingly powerful Anglo-American oil cartel, countries have adopted the state-owned model to manage the oil industry and strengthened the control of oil production and sales. 〗 In 1945, after a six-year war that swept across the globe and claimed more than 55 million lives, the world changed dramatically in many ways.But for much of the world, especially Eastern Europe and the underdeveloped parts of the southern hemisphere, 1945 was nothing more than a transition to a new type of long war, usually in the form of an economic war.

In 1919, after the Versailles Peace Conference, the British Empire reached its peak of development, and she ruled a quarter of the earth's area, known as the "Empire on which the sun never sets."Just 30 years later, in 1949, the British Empire was falling apart amid worldwide calls for national independence.She is in the midst of turmoil and pain that perhaps no empire in history has experienced. In February 1946, the Royal Indian Navy rebelled. The British post-war Labor government led by Prime Minister Clement Attlee appointed Mountbatten, Earl of Burma, as the last Governor of India. His task was to withdraw from Britain as quickly as possible. military and government agencies.Five months after arriving in India, that is, on August 15, 1947, Mountbatten divided the Indian subcontinent into two major parts, East Pakistan and West Pakistan and India, which are dominated by Muslim populations.

In just a few years, Britain officially relinquished control of most of its colonies in Africa, the Pacific, and the Mediterranean.Not because of her outpouring of mercy or sudden enthusiasm for the principle of self-determination of colonial peoples, but because it was an inevitable trend that became the new post-war administration of overseas territories in the late 1940s and early 1950s. form. As a result of the war, the trading system that formed the basis of Britain's financial power ceased to exist.Large sums of overseas investment were sold off to pay for the war.Britain's national debt skyrocketed.In China, the factories are dilapidated, the equipment is outdated, and even the power supply cannot be guaranteed; the houses are dilapidated and the population is declining.At the end of the war, British exports were only 31% of what they were in 1938 before the war.

During World War II, Britain relied entirely on the United States for post-war support.The Americans, or rather the expansive East Coast interests, recognized that to become the post-war world ruler, the United States needed the cooperation of Britain and its knowledge of world domination around the world.Before the First World War, it was defined by the "Knights of the Round Table" mentioned above by Lord Lothian, Lord Milner, and Cecil Rhodes. The new concept of empire formed after long-term discussions soon became a reality. After 1945, Britain could only exert indirect influence on the world by developing and deepening its "special relationship" with the United States.

After the Treaty of Versailles, the United Kingdom and the United States began to carefully plant the seeds of a special relationship. The United Kingdom and the United States respectively established the Royal Institute of International Affairs and the Council on Foreign Relations in New York as channels for discussing strategic policies. During the war, new content was added to the cooperation.Both the UK and the US have agreed to the integration of military command, while the fledgling US intelligence community, under the leadership of the Strategic Intelligence Service (OSS), works together under the command of the London Command Center in partnership with the UK Special Operations Service (SOE) .The emergence of the CIA after the war, and the entire deployment of secret government agencies in the United States, were the direct result of wartime cooperation with Britain.The implications for subsequent U.S. policy were enormous, and tragic.

Immediately after the war, Britain's involvement in domestic discussions in the United States was a major turning point affecting American energy and policy.In an elaborate motion of the highest order, Winston Churchill traveled to President Truman's hometown of Fulton, Missouri, to deliver his famous "Iron Curtain" speech on March 5, 1946.A largely unanticipated policy payoff was that Churchill's well-crafted rhetoric preserved Britain's postwar standing.Originally, Stalin was ready to abandon a series of agreements reached with Churchill and Roosevelt during the war, no matter in form or content.The purpose of Churchill's visit to Fulton was to persuade the naive and inexperienced American president to develop the special relationship between the United States and Britain.

Not long after this extraordinary visit, Churchill, the former prime minister, turned the tide and Britain had a clear advantage.It is worth mentioning that he intentionally lost $75 in a poker game with President Truman.The CIA prototype was built on the London-trained OSS wartime network.The US defense policy is also based on the sharing of intelligence and military defense secrets between the US and the UK.Truman began purging his administration of anything anti-British, most notably Secretary of Agriculture and anti-British figure Henry Wallace.In many key areas, the intelligence agencies of the United States and the United Kingdom resumed close cooperation.