Chapter 25 On the Chinese Communist Party's Solution to the Problem of Huidaomen During the Anti-Japanese War
During the Anti-Japanese War, the development of China's Huidaomen forces showed a new trend, which posed a serious threat to the CCP's establishment and development of anti-Japanese base areas.Proceeding from the specific conditions of each region, and taking into account the political and military needs of different periods, the CCP has adopted active, steady, and flexible strategies to successfully solve this problem.This article attempts to discuss this, hoping to provide a new perspective for the study of the history of the Communist Party of China.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Japanese army invaded the south on a large scale, and the Kuomintang troops were defeated one after another. China's civil society fell into extreme chaos. and even organized armed forces.According to statistics, the civilian armed forces in Shandong, Anhui and other provinces had reached as many as 1 million by 1938.Most of these various civilian armed forces belonged to bandits or huidaomen armed forces, and were highly valued by the Japanese invaders and the Chinese Kuomintang.
The Kuomintang deliberately used and manipulated the Huidaomen, and often used them to organize and unite the masses and destroy the anti-Japanese base areas established by the CCP.
When the local organizations of the Kuomintang secretly planned anti-Communist plots, they also paid attention to using and manipulating sects, and even organized riots (such as the riots of the Huangsha Society and the Zhongxiao Group in Changqing and Yanggu, Shandong) to achieve anti-Communist political goals.The Shandong Party Headquarters of the Kuomintang clearly put forward the strategy of using and manipulating superstitious groups in the anti-communist plan implementation methods formulated: 1. Using the superstitious psychology of the people to win over the leaders of Taoists, gangs, and Christians from all over the province, under the guise of nondescript names, First, let them join the gang, so that they will die for us without knowing it; second, buy the die-hard and fierce elements of the Christian gangs and gangs from all over the province, and teach them to make them obey the party's guidance without knowing it, and make them die for us; The nature of the mass superstitious organization, the selection of capable comrades in the party who are familiar with the inside story of the group, under the guise of the figures that the group needs to worship, such as the master of the Taoist sect, the head of the palace, the head of the altar, the master, the head of the Tao... The group used to believe that the holy places came to save people, such as Kunlun, Emei, Luojia, Lingjiu and other places for Taoism, to strengthen their spiritual beliefs of worship and respect... The people are simple-minded, and such behaviors are all beliefs The group serves to death, but actually serves the party to death; 4. Under the pretense of superstition...the method of training the people of the party is secretly melted and used, so that even though they are hooked, they do not know it; 5. Using the above methods, Under the guise of the instructions and orders of the worship figures of the groups, initiate large-scale riots and massacres against the CCP; 6. During the process, they should use their inherent organization and rebellious psychology at any time to make them continue to bleed, so that they can form a century with the CCP Indissoluble hatred.
The Japanese aggressors also fully realized the important role of Huidaomen, and set up a dedicated Huidaomen work department to cultivate and use traitor Huidaomen to serve their invasion of China and anti-communism in a purposeful and planned way: First, create Huidaomen, which are actually a group of Huidaomen. traitorous organizations, such as the Morality Association, the Concord Association, the Datong Association, the Xinsheng Association, etc.; the second is to reform the associations, adding pseudo-political work (sending political workers) to the old associations to make them qualitatively change their names, such as occupying Shandong The Japanese secret service agencies have made great efforts to reform the Anqing Daoyi Association, Yiguandao, Secret Sect, Carrying Basket Association, Hard Fist, Huangsha Association, etc.; The Red Swastika Society, Yixintiandao Longhuasheng Church, Yiguandao and other associations became the "Shandong Religious Federation"; in 1942, in order to meet the needs of peace in East Asia, the Jingshi Puji Buddhist Association was renamed "Future Peace Religious Association" under the instruction of the Japanese army Soon organized a branch in Jinan and established the "Shandong Defense Group" to assist the Japanese army in attacking the anti-Japanese base areas led by the CCP; Part of Catholicism, according to statistics, there are more than 20 kinds.The Japanese invaders used Huidaomen to mainly do the following work: (1) In the occupied areas, organize the masses in the form of Huidaomen, put forward the slogan of "protecting the home and preventing bandits", and prevented the Eighth Route Army from entering the occupied areas, such as in the "model county of public security area" Shandong In Yi County, the Japanese army forced local farmers to join the Red Spear Club, giving lectures and practicing kung fu every night, even during the busy farming season, and sometimes coercing them to go to Yinan to grab grain.
(2) In the fringe areas, use the Development Association as the vanguard to block or encroach on the anti-Japanese base areas.
(3) In the anti-Japanese base areas, the Huidaomen were used as a cover for the network of espionage activities; in addition, the weaknesses of the CCP’s policies (such as heavy burdens, many errands, and many sentries, etc.) were used to organize the masses to resist the government and act as internal response during "mopping up", Or armed riots, and some long-term ambushes.
The above facts fully demonstrate that the Huidaomen issue has posed a serious threat to the establishment and development of the CCP’s anti-Japanese base areas.Whether it can actively and steadily solve such problems and use them for the Anti-Japanese War has become a crucial issue for the CCP to successfully establish and develop anti-Japanese base areas, and even strive for the final victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
Long before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, in order to unite and win over all the anti-Japanese forces, the CCP carried out extensive efforts to win over and educate the Huidaomen and the local armed forces related to these groups. At the end of 1935, shortly after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and its main forces arrived in the Northwest region, which is famous for its serious banditry, they began to solve the problem of bandits and Huidaomen in the area.Previously, the Southern Shaanxi Special Committee of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Base of the CCP transformed the "Shentuan" into guerrillas, which created a relatively successful experience for the CCP to solve the problem of Huidaomen. On July 15, 1936, in the name of the Chairman of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, Mao Zedong issued a declaration to the Gelaohui and other organizations, calling on them to unite with the people of the whole country to jointly resist the aggression of Japanese imperialism. Under the request of saving the country, unite together, form a close, brotherly unity, share loyalty, and go to the national disaster together." "We welcome all the heroic brothers of the four roads to send representatives or discuss with us in person to discuss the plan of saving the country." In August 1936, according to the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on fighting for the Gelaohui, the Northwest Office of the Chinese Soviet Central Government established the Gelaohui Office and the Preparatory Office of the Chinese Rivers and Lakes Anti-Japanese National Salvation Committee. Toushan successfully held the National Gelao Association Representative Conference, that is, after the outbreak of the "Matoushan Kaishantang" Anti-Japanese War, with the struggle and efforts of the Communist Party of China, China established a foundation based on the cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party, including all parties, all walks of life and all ethnic groups. The situation of united anti-Japanese war created a good political environment and social conditions for winning over and reforming bandits and Huidaomen.
It should be said that the CCP’s decision to win Huidaomen to participate in the War of Resistance was not accepted by all CCP members from the beginning.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Ming returned to China from the Soviet Union.He one-sidedly exaggerated the role of the "United Front", stubbornly insisted on the erroneous proposition that "everything passes through the United Front" and "everything is subject to the United Front", and opposed the active development of the people's anti-Japanese armed forces.This had an extremely adverse impact on the development of the CCP's anti-Japanese armed forces, especially the Jiangnan New Fourth Army.Xiang Ying, secretary of the Southeast Bureau of the Communist Party of China, was deeply influenced by Wang Ming's thoughts, and once refused to approve the second detachment of the New Fourth Army to incorporate bandit troops.Of course, this kind of thinking also comes from other aspects.Luo Ronghuan, the military leader of the Communist Party of China, once analyzed in his memoirs: Due to his youth, coupled with his long-term status in the underground party, lack of experience in governing, and insufficient understanding of the role of the regime, there have also been problems in the leadership of the regime. Deviations, thus "impeding the development of various tasks", such as in the work of winning the Daomen, the outstanding performance is that they dare not mobilize them, especially for the puppet troops who have won anyway and the bandits organized by them. The work is extremely weak or none at all" so "often put them into the fringe guerrilla areas to obtain the legal status of extortion and plundering, which cannot but cause us to fail in the areas where the serious triangular struggle is stalemate".
The CCP has resolutely resisted and fought against this right opportunism.Liu Shaoqi, an alternate member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, secretary of the Central China Bureau, and political commissar of the New Fourth Army, responded to Xiang Ying and others' criticism of the New Fourth Army's "recruiting troops and buying horses." Was it successful?"
In mid-March 1942, when Liu Shaoqi returned to Yan'an from the New Fourth Army, he was entrusted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Comrade Mao Zedong to pass through Shandong to help and guide Shandong's work on behalf of the Central Committee.Comrade Liu Shaoqi conveyed Comrade Mao Zedong's general policy of mobilizing the masses in the enemy's rear, expanding the people's armed forces, and independently establishing anti-Japanese democratic base areas.According to the instructions of Comrade Liu Shaoqi, the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China inspected and corrected the shortcomings of not daring to let go of mobilizing the people's anti-Japanese armed forces in the early days of the War of Resistance, correctly implemented the party's policy of the anti-Japanese national united front, and actively strengthened the people's armed forces.Through the struggle against local armed forces, especially Huidaomen, the power of the CCP in Shandong has been greatly developed.
In addition, the CCP also carried out a resolute struggle against the erroneous ideology and understanding within the party that underestimated the participation of Huidaomen armed forces in the anti-Japanese work.At first, many people in the CCP thought that the sect of the Taoist sect was backward and had "superstitious rituals." Therefore, they were unwilling to do patient education for them.For this reason, the CCP decided to carry out publicity and education work for all party members and cadres in the base areas. On January 16, 1938, "Xinhua Daily" published the editorial "Defending Henan" and the article "How to Deal with Local Armed Forces", arguing that it is time to "extensively launch guerrilla warfare and prepare for the Central Plains War, and correctly handle local armed forces. Armed forces such as the Red Spear Club, the Lianzhuang Club, militias, and bandits have special significance and importance.” Peng Zhen pointed out in the article “On the Work of the Hebei, Shandong and Henan Red Spear Clubs” that the Red Spear Club, the Big Sword Club, etc. The secret society "not only includes the most peasants, but also has a huge number of new armed forces. This is an extremely powerful mass anti-Japanese armed force. However, if they are not good at uniting them, the anti-Japanese forces will be subjected to unnecessary "Loss" Regarding how to deal with the superstitious rituals and habits of the Huimen, he pointed out: "All comrades working in the Huimen must strictly abide by their superstitious rituals and habits. We must know that today we work in the Huimen. The central question is whether the Red Spears can resist Japan and win them into the united front of the War of Resistance Against Japan. The issue of superstition should be placed in a secondary position. At the same time, we must understand that although we do not advocate superstition, if we violate their customs, It will arouse their opposition, and be used by the Japanese invaders and traitors to oppose us."
At the same time, Peng Xuefeng also wrote an article emphasizing the importance of fighting for the Greenwood Armed Forces (that is, bandits and Huimen armed forces), pointing out: “As for Huimen armed forces, one should have a correct basic understanding of them: (1) They are relatively primitive anti-corruption The civilian self-defense force against bandits, (2) their latent power is wide and deep among the people, and (3) their fighting spirit and combat experience are quite rich. If they are well induced, their minds and arms will be armed in terms of military and politics. We believe that in the era of resisting the oppression of warlords, they were able to wipe out tens of thousands of soldiers of the warlords in large numbers, and we believe that they can also seriously attack the Japanese invaders today."
These articles and conversations have pointed out the direction for the local organizations of the CCP to deal with the Huidaomen issue in their region, thus unifying the work of fighting against the Huidaomen armed forces into the CCP’s principles and policies. In December 1940, the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China officially issued the "Central Work Instructions on the Gelao Association and the Youth Gang", which analyzed the reasons for the emergence of the Gelao Association and the Youth Gang, pointed out the importance of carrying out the work of the Gelao Association and the Youth Gang during the Anti-Japanese War, and emphatically put forward The principles that should be paid attention to in carrying out related work in areas, Kuomintang-controlled areas, guerrilla areas, and anti-Japanese base areas provided the necessary guidelines and policy guarantees for successfully solving the problem of Huidaomen and mobilizing and organizing its members to participate in the War of Resistance.
After 1942, the anti-Japanese struggle behind enemy lines led by the CCP entered the most difficult period.A group of Huidao sects who were not firm in their will to resist Japan and acted according to the wind, took refuge in Japan one after another.In view of this, the CCP decided to ban Huidaomen organizations in the base areas.The Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu base area was the largest base area led by the CCP during the Anti-Japanese War, and it was also the most important area where its armed forces fought against Japan. The policy of banning congregational sects promulgated in March 1943 is quite representative.The policy announced the strict banning of all secret associations exploited by the enemy, and stipulated: (1) All illegal secret and backward superstitious organizations in the region that violate the interests of the Anti-Japanese War use fortune-telling, Confucius' way of returning home, etc., or organizations in disguised names, Banned and declared disbanded. (2) All kinds of organizations used by the enemy will spread rumors to confuse the public, plot wrongdoing, disrupt the anti-Japanese order, and those who are obsessed with obsession will be treated as traitors if they are seized. (3) Those who set up altars and set up sacrifices under the guise of Huidaomen to extort people's property and money will be dealt with as fraudulent money. (4) The Buddhism and Taoism organized by the traitors in the enemy-occupied areas (Pingjin, Taiyuan, etc.) are not in violation of the interests of the Anti-Japanese War. Workers who actively participate in the anti-Japanese construction may apply to the Anti-Japanese Government for registration, repent and rehabilitate, and shall not be re-established. activities. (5) Anyone who participates in Huimendaomen and all other illegal secret groups should withdraw immediately and declare and register with the government, so as not to be exploited by traitors.Subsequently, the CCP launched a massive struggle against traitor associations in its base areas. For example, the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan border area cracked and disintegrated the World Puji Buddhist Association, Yiguandao, Wan Guode Association, Daohui, Red Spear Association, and Jiugongdao , North China Moral Association, Hunyuanmen and other organizations have dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the traitor Huidaomen.
During the Anti-Japanese War, in the process of dealing with the Huidaomen in the base areas and other armed forces in other places, the CCP treated them differently according to different situations and targets according to the relevant strategies formulated. Puppet troops and bandits harass and protect life and property spontaneously organized civilian armed organizations. The CCP adopts a policy of active support and guidance.After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, people all over the country organized self-defense groups one after another. At the same time, the CCP actively transformed the Huimen, "changing the Huimen into self-defense forces and guerrillas" and "changing the Huimen into saving the National Congress", which played a huge role in the struggle against the enemy. power.The Danyang guerrillas in the south of the Yangtze River and the Henan-Hubei advance column of the New Fourth Army were formed on the basis of the self-defense regiments organized in various places to prevent bandits and resist the enemy after the fall of Jiangnan, with the support and guidance of the CCP.In order to support and guide this kind of civil self-defense armed organization, the CCP formulated the "Regulations on the Organization of the People's Anti-Japanese Self-Defense Group" to encourage "everyone over the age of 16 and under the age of 45 without disabilities should join the self-defense group (the principle of volunteering for women, other In areas where men have no foundation for work, the principle of volunteering is to carry out the anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare, or to cooperate with the main force of the anti-Japanese army.” According to incomplete statistics, by 1942, in Shandong alone, the militia had grown to 170,000, and the self-defense regiment It has grown to 820,000 people; from 1939 to 1942, the militia and self-defense regiments fought 18,093 times with the Japanese and puppet troops, killing, wounding and capturing more than 9,000 Japanese and puppet troops.
(2) For the Huidaomen in the base area, the CCP sent cadres to go deep inside to fight for education. In 1938, Mao Zedong, Luo Fu, etc. pointed out in a telegram to Peng Dehuai, Liu Bocheng, Xu Xiangqian, and Deng Xiaoping, "Take a cautious attitude towards gangsters and bandits, and break them in and reform them according to specific possible conditions." In 1939, when Zhou Enlai, the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, inspected the work of the New Fourth Army, he proposed to the cadres that "we should win over the masses of the Youth Gang and the Broadsword Association. We should study these organizations, carry out political work, and win over them."Liu Shaoqi also wrote an article pointing out that regardless of the Red Gun Association and the Lianzhuang Association, "Their main purpose is to oppose excessive taxes and bandit army harassment. They are purely armed organizations. They proceed from their own interests in all issues. They, whoever they oppose, will solve.” “They are politically neutral.” Therefore, we must mobilize and educate them, raise their national consciousness, and lead them to fight against Japan.This provides a basic guiding ideology for each base area to deal with bandits and sects. In June 1940, the Party Committee of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region of the Communist Party of China sent people to use the relatives of the leader Yang Guanyi to break into the Tianmenhui, and successfully used and won the Tianmenhui's armed forces.The CCP explicitly banned the Huidaomen used by the enemy in the base area, and publicized and explained to the people the enemy's conspiracy to use feudal organizations to destroy the base area, and pointed out some evidence.The CCP mobilized and called on the masses of the sects to oppose the leaders of some sects colluding with the enemy.It is stipulated that the head of the club in the base area must surrender to the anti-Japanese government, make a pledge, and swear that he will no longer carry out the work of the club.Ordinary club members should be absorbed into various mass organizations after in-depth education, so that they can awaken their national class consciousness in the struggle for democracy and people's livelihood, so that the club will disintegrate and actually disappear.By August 1943, "eight out of ten of the base area had largely disintegrated. Even in the fringe areas, it was not very common, and it was generally covert activities."
(3) The CCP adopts an active and proactive strategy of invading the enemy-occupied areas and the areas close to the enemy, to win and unite with the members of the association, isolate the traitors among them, and promote the association to attack the plainclothes teams and spies that the enemy and puppets went to the countryside to plunder elements, delay and reduce the burden on the enemy, extensively expose the enemy's brutality, oppose the recruitment of strong men, and use contradictions to attack traitors; we must try our best to fight for the sects organized for the purpose of counterfeiting the enemy's agents.During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese invaders took advantage of some feudal forces who were dissatisfied with the CCP’s policies, took advantage of the extensive and huge influence of Huidaomen in rural China, and the superstitious and backward psychology of the masses. The existence of the sect of Taoism has caused the opposition between the masses and the CCP.The CCP did not simply adopt the method of "fighting" this mass organization that was controlled and manipulated by the landlords and used by the Japanese invaders, but conducted detailed investigations and studies, and put forward proposals based on different reasons and targets. corresponding countermeasures.After the New Fourth Army advanced into the south of the Yangtze River, the Japanese army tried to use the ubiquitous broadsword skills in the south of the Yangtze River to attack the New Fourth Army.For this reason, the New Fourth Army adopted a method of non-interference in the superstition of the Daohui, and focused on uniting them politically. As a result, the Daohui gradually embarked on the road of resistance. On May 11, 1938, the Hebei Nangong Liulihui took advantage of the main force of the Eighth Route Army to attack Wei County to kill passing Eighth Route Army officers and soldiers, and detained the Eighth Route Army negotiators who were going to negotiate.Xu Xiangqian, deputy commander of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, decided, "In order to win over the masses, the main force must be gathered near Nangong. After mobilizing and educating the troops, they will carry out armed propaganda in the area where the Liulihui is active; Education, to expose the conspiracy of traitors; suppress the leaders; distribute notices to the people, post notices, so that the masses will not be suspicious and panic." On May 12, Zhu De and Peng Dehuai instructed Xu Xiangqian, "We must contact and check the local party and our troops in the area. At the same time, the insiders of the pseudo-organizations in the area should be flexibly won over, divided, and the work of isolating their leaders, and they must be influenced by their own anti-Japanese actions and a broad united front, which is definitely not a simple method of suppression.According to relevant instructions, the Eighth Route Army counterattacked the Liulihui while launching a powerful political offensive, resulting in the complete destruction of the Liulihui.
(4) Resolutely crack down on and eliminate the sects that are actively anti-communist.Some traitors will spread rumors, assassinate and poison, spy on intelligence, and actively cooperate with the Japanese army’s actions. There are dead people everywhere and no one to bury them; handsome and beautiful people have no owners, and silk and satin horses have no one to love. Also: red balls fall to the ground everywhere (red balls refer to Japanese artillery shells) no matter rich or poor, let out mourning; For another example, when the CCP expanded its public groups, some traitors spread rumors that the "Tui Bei Tu" read: Just look at the dragon and snake straddling the horse, and the five oceans are making trouble in China; Western Buddhists go back , Hu Er is right and returned home. It means that the heaven said that it is the "mandate of heaven" and "the destiny" of the five foreign countries to attack China. It must wait until the "Buddha" in the West returns, and the devil (Hu Er) will naturally go out. Then, of course There is no need to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. Wang Minghuang and Xu Si, the leaders of the Red Gun Association in Xulou Village and Genglou Village, Kunshan County, Taixi, Shandong Province, feared that the CCP and the Eighth Route Army’s propaganda of anti-Japanese ideas would be detrimental to their expansion of the organization. Slandered, hindered the organization of the CCP, arrested and massacred Communists and progressives, and attacked the anti-Japanese armed forces. The CCP launched a counterattack on December 23, 1941, killing and wounding more than 400 people including Wang Minghuang and Xu Si. More than 300 people were captured. After many times of quelling and cracking down on the riots in Huidaomen, the base area led by the CCP has been further expanded and consolidated.
During the Anti-Japanese War, the CCP’s Huidaomen strategy was formulated based on the policy of the Anti-Japanese National United Front and under the guidance of the CCP’s policy on the people’s war and the protracted war against Japan.Under the general principle of anti-Japanese, adopt the strategy of uniting and fighting against Huidaomen and not interfering with their feudal superstitions, "allow freedom of belief, no matter whether you believe in the Three People's Principles or Communism, whether you believe in Jesusism or Sakyamuni Regardless of whether you believe in ghosts and gods or Guan Gong, as long as you resist the Japanese, you should cooperate" so that they can actively fight against the Japanese, cooperate in combat, and disintegrate them through hard work. "Establish party organizations in these groups and strengthen political education , turning superstitious groups into guerrilla self-defense groups and progressive anti-Japanese forces", and eventually incorporated into the armed forces led by the CCP; resolutely banned and suppressed the associations that took refuge in the Japanese invaders, harmed the Chinese people, and actively opposed the Communist Party.This strategy is a creative response to the challenge of Huidaomen forces, it is correct, and the results are extremely remarkable.Of course, the CCP’s incorporation of the Huidaomen’s armed forces was not all smooth sailing, because the Huidaomen’s strong feudal and backwardness, “The concept of private interests has not been overcome, so the actions are extremely inconsistent and the cooperation is not close. Even under the conspiracy of the Japanese invaders and traitors, mutual Suspicion and mutual competition caused some stupid behaviors and reduced the strength of the war of resistance": some first resisted the Japanese and then surrendered to the enemy, some first surrendered to the Japanese and then anyway, some were in Cao Ying and their hearts were in Han, and some were on two boats Some were both anti-Japanese and anti-Communist, but their attitudes towards the Communist Party were different, and some adjusted their neutrality according to the changing situation... However, during the entire period of the War of Resistance, on the one hand, the CCP adopted correct strategies and on the other hand On the one hand, because the Anti-Japanese War itself was a war of national self-defense to defend their hometown and save the nation from peril, people with a little sense of the country and nationality were unwilling to be subjugated slaves; Huidaomen felt resentful, "the enemy oppressed, the financial burden was too heavy, the puppet army destroyed, and the 'rationing system' made the Huimen go against their original desire to protect their families... In the enemy-occupied areas, some Huimen felt that there was no way out." Therefore, Huidaomen Participating in the war of resistance is more common.For example, the Red Gun Club in North China was established in tens or hundreds of places, and the Red Gun Club in Xinyang, Henan alone had 70,000 to 80,000 people.Under the slogans of "Anti-Japanese War is Above All" and "Defend Homeland", they fought the enemy bravely and created many miracles.Others, such as the Big Sword Club and the Red Spear Club in Northeast China, the Gelao Club in Hubei, the Qing and Hong Gang in Shanghai, and the Big Sword Club in Southern Anhui, have all been inspired by the relevant policies of the CCP to participate in the vigorous national war of resistance, and work together with the people of the whole country to fight for the nation. Made a valuable contribution to the final victory.
The successful resolution of the Huidaomen problem is of great and far-reaching significance.It was not only conducive to the smooth development of the CCP’s work of establishing anti-Japanese base areas, and greatly supported the Anti-Japanese War, but also accumulated necessary experience for the CCP to deal with and solve such problems later.
Notes:
Notes: