Chapter 15 Chapter XV

Ten characteristics of businessmen in ancient China: One is to make money by choosing a place: "time, location, and harmony of people". A favorable geographical location can make it easy to succeed in doing business. The second is to buy cheap and sell dear: the profit of business comes from the price difference between buying and selling, and only by buying and selling at the right time can we make money. The third is to make money by forecasting: Keen observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen that will never dry up. The fourth is small profits but quick turnover: Sima Qian said that a businessman who is greedy for huge profits can only make 30% of the profit, while a businessman who makes small profits but quick turnover can make 50% of the profit.

Fifth, there is a way to retain customers: In ancient times, merchants made customers never tire of watching by means of hanging up their pretense, posting calligraphy and paintings, or folk art performances. Sixth, profit from righteousness: the ancients believed in the saying "a gentleman loves money and gets it in a proper way". They made money by legitimate means, and at the same time they often did good deeds. The seventh is to make money with money: Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Song Dynasty, said: "If the capital of one hundred thousand taels of silver does not turn over, it will still be one hundred thousand taels a hundred years later; if the turnover can be accelerated, it will make a profit of one million taels."

The eighth is earning money by doing strange things: Most of the rich merchants in ancient times got rich because of operating strange commodities or having different business ideas. Ninth, thrift in housekeeping: "Diligence and thrift" is a traditional virtue of Chinese people, and businessmen are no exception. The tenth is to employ people well: the boss "doesn't doubt the person and does not use the person", and the assistant "be entrusted by the person and be loyal to the person", this is the pursuit of the ancient businessmen in employing people. The Zhuo family was a famous family of iron smelters in the early Western Han Dynasty, and a large business owner who operated both handicrafts and commerce.According to historical records, the Zhuo family has 800 servants, from which we can know how rich the Zhuo family is.

However, the old Zhuo clan who founded the Zhuo clan was nothing more than a "moved prisoner" at first.After Qin Shihuang conquered other countries, in order to prevent the rebels from the countries from rebelling, he forcibly moved the wealthy people from the six countries to Guanzhong to settle down.The so-called "Qianlu" refers to such a group of people. At that time, the Zhuo family had been deprived to the point where all their property could be filled with a wheelbarrow.On the way to Sichuan, the old Zhuo and his wife pulled the cart with a rope in front and pushed it behind. The situation was quite miserable.

It is under such a situation that Lao Zhuo still has the pioneering spirit of self-improvement. He walks all the way, looking for opportunities all the way.At that time, other exiled captives were scrambling to bribe the escorting officials, hoping to resettle themselves close to the Central Plains.Only the old Zhuo family is willing to move far away.It was not until Linqiong County that he asked to settle there. Because Linqiong is at the foot of Minshan Mountain, it is very close to the iron mine, so mining is more convenient.The old Zhuo family believes that settling here can give full play to the professional expertise of the Zhuo family's iron smelting family, so that the old Zhuo family can resume their ancestral business.Moreover, Linqiong is close to the minority-inhabited area in the southwest, and the shrewd old Zhuo family can see at a glance that not only is there enough cheap labor for his own use, but it can also provide a broad market for the iron tools he makes.Because stone, bone or wooden tools were commonly used for farming in minority areas at that time, advanced ironware could easily enter and occupy the minority market.

So the old Zhuo family settled down in Linqiong, and resumed their old business, making iron tools for a living. After several years of hard work, the Zhuo family finally became rich.By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Zhuo family had become the richest man in Yunnan and Shu.By the time of Zhuo Wangsun, there were not only thousands of craftsmen who had cast drums for the Zhuo family, but also the land and gardens of the Zhuo family were too large to count, so many dignitaries and literati at that time rushed to curry favor with the Zhuo family. Sima Xiangru, a writer of the Western Han Dynasty, fell in love at first sight with Zhuo Wenjun, the daughter of Zhuo Wangsun's new widow, when he was a guest at Zhuo's house.Although Sima Xiangru was already a well-known poet at that time, he was both civil and military, good at swordsmanship, and had served as a military cavalry attendant of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, and he was born with outstanding talents, but the rich and powerful Zhuo Wangsun still did not take him seriously. Forcing Zhuo Wenjun to elope to pursue free love.

According to Sima Qian, the descendants of the Zhuo family feasted and enjoyed themselves in their own homes, fished and hunted in their own lands, and lived a life of luxury comparable to that of kings. The spirit of self-improvement and shrewd business vision are the key reasons why the old Zhuo family was able to create a prominent family with huge wealth. Open a book store next to the school: make cultural money.Opening a bookstore next to the school gate is the easiest way to make money, but it should be noted that it should not be too much and should be treated differently. Primary school students are not interested in tutoring materials, and they like comic books the most.It's a pity that villain books are too expensive now, and the price of a thin book is only about 10 yuan. The average elementary school students don't have much pocket money, so they have to bear the pain and give up their love.Therefore, the bookstores near the school gates of primary schools, especially rural primary schools, should mainly deal in cartoons.The bookstore next to the middle school should mainly focus on tutoring materials, especially review materials for the college entrance examination, and take into account the operation of some newspapers and periodicals that publish information about the exam.The bookstore next to the university has a wide range of business scope. One is humanities books such as novels and essays;By the way, apply to operate a public phone again, don't throw away this opportunity to make money.

"The royal family sees the Forbidden City, and the private houses see Qiao's house."This Qiao Family Courtyard is the magnificent, majestic and tall courtyard in the movie "Raise the Red Lantern".Qiao Guifa, the first generation entrepreneur of the Qiao family, is an outstanding representative of Shanxi merchants and is known as the "Crown of Shanxi merchants". Qiao Guifa's parents died when he was young, and his family was poor, so he had to live in his uncle's house.Due to his aunt's discrimination, Qiao Guifa grew up and returned to Qiaojiabao Village to live independently.Once, someone in the village got married, and he went to help, but he was a step late, and he was ridiculed by the manager.Qiao Guifa was at a young age, how could he bear this anger, and went to Baotou in Mongolia in a fit of rage.

When he first arrived in Baotou, Qiao Guifa was naked and hungry, no different from other beggars and vagrants.In order to survive, he worked as a clerk in a pawn shop.Among the clerks was a Shanxi fellow surnamed Qin. The two became brothers with different surnames as soon as they hit it off. After more than 10 years, the two had a little savings.He started a new stove and set up his own business. From the business of tofu, sesame seed cakes and sporadic groceries, he went further to make silverware.Because of his good dealing with people and good management, the business is booming day by day.

After living a better life, Qiao Guifa and his descendants abided by the precepts of their ancestors, always prepared for danger in times of peace, and behaved cautiously. On the contrary, the children of the Qin family did everything they could, eating, drinking, whoring, and gambling.The Qin family took out part of the shares, and the Qiao family made up for it. It didn't take long for the joint venture business of the two companies to become a sole proprietorship of the Qiao family. The business of the Qiao family in Baotou is getting more and more prosperous, and the financial resources are getting stronger and stronger. Apart from the bank, bank, business name, pawn shop, tea house, grain bank and other production names and their properties, the Qiao family also has a vegetable garden in Baotou. 280 acres.Later, Qiao's shop named after "Fusheng Gong" became the largest shop in Baotou market.At that time, the Qiao family had more than 1,000 houses in Baotou, so the proverb "there was Fusheng Gong first, and then Baotou City" was born.

In the hands of the second-generation entrepreneur Qiao Zhiyong, the Qiao family's industry continued to flourish and reached its peak, not only almost monopolizing all trade and operation activities in Baotou.Commercial banks and banks also opened to Beijing, Tianjin, Northeast China and even the Yangtze River Basin. At that time, the Qiao family's various movable and immovable properties should have amounted to tens of millions of taels, equivalent to nearly 10 billion in today's property. It was unbelievable that they could achieve such an impressive achievement at that time.Moreover, the wealth of the Qiao family has been passed down for six generations, breaking the inherent Chinese saying that "the poor cannot be more than three generations, and the richer are not more than three generations". This is simply a miracle. "Tian Xingjian, a gentleman should constantly strive for self-improvement", only those who dare to struggle can seize opportunities and reap success.This is the secret that Shanxi merchants have been able to dominate the Chinese business circle for more than 500 years. Go to Dali to open a bar: Dali, Yunnan is a tourist attraction. There are many tourists, especially young people, both on weekdays and on holidays. Bars are an indispensable and popular place for consumption. Therefore, it is a good choice to open a bar in Dali.Dali's store rent is low, and the cost of opening a store is not high, so the risk is also reduced.In the alley not far from Dali Bar Street, there are many small bars dotted around. The monthly rent is only about 1,500 yuan, and the annual rent is about 18,000 yuan, 60,000 yuan. You can carry out simple decoration and hire employees. Pay attention when operating: there are too many bars in Dali, and young people today have unique tastes and strong pickiness. If the content of the bar is monotonous and does not have its own unique food, programs, etc. to attract the public, it will inevitably be ignored by tourists. Competitive exclusion of other bars. Peking duck cooked by Quanjude has become an international famous dish. The "Chinese Famous Recipes" compiled by national famous chefs in 1957 and the large-scale deluxe edition "Chinese Famous Dishes Collection" published in 1982 both listed Beijing Roast Duck as the world's first famous dish and Quanjude as the first famous restaurant.However, few people know that this century-old shop was developed from a small chicken and duck stall. The founder of Quanjude, Yang Quanren, was born in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. When he was a teenager, his parents passed away due to floods in his hometown.After discussion among the four brothers, they decided to sell the several acres of poor land in the family and divide the money equally.Yang Quanren took the money and came to Beijing full of hope, and started his life journey of getting rich. After arriving in Beijing, he found a job of raising ducks for others. Because he was honest and hardworking, he was very popular with his master.During this period, he observed carefully and asked humbly for advice. Under the guidance of the master chef, he finally learned the good skills of stuffing ducks and butchering ducks.Two years later, he resigned from this hard job, borrowed some money from his friends, and started selling raw chicken and ducks. In 1837, he set up a small chicken and duck beside the stone road of Zhengyang Bridge. stand.In order to reduce costs, he bought live chickens and ducks from the suburbs through old connections, butchered and washed them himself before selling them.Although it is very hard to go out early and return late every day, the business is still going smoothly. A few years later, Yang Quanren not only paid off the loan, but also had some savings.In order to have a base for doing business, he bought a house in Jing'er Hutong, and the chicken and duck stalls were moved to the north entrance of Guanghe Tea House in Roushi Hutong.He got up before dawn every day and started a hard day's work.After slaughtering the chickens and ducks, he plucked off the hairs on their bodies, rinsed them with clean water, and then did some special treatment for each chicken and duck to achieve cleanliness, sanitation and beautiful appearance.After finishing all this, Yang Quanren set up a small stall at the north entrance of Guanghe Tea House with the burden of chicken and duck.During this period, Yang Quanren discovered that selling ducks is faster and easier than selling chickens.So he gradually focused on slaughtering and selling ducks. Because Yang Quanren is usually very frugal, diligent and thoughtful in his business, the accumulation of funds is very fast, and the money is like a snowball, and it is getting bigger and bigger around him.Yang Quanren was not satisfied with the status quo, he saw the steaming hot restaurants on the street, and secretly made up his mind: he must open his own restaurant to earn more money and make a bigger fortune. The opportunity finally came. In 1864, a grocery store named Dejuquan in the Meat Market Hutong closed down due to the sluggish business.After Yang Quanren heard the news, he poured out all his pockets and bought Dejuquan's bedding.And invited a Feng Shui master to discuss the name of the new store.The feng shui master thought for a while and said to him: "This is a treasure land of feng shui. In the future, the bungalows will be demolished and a building will be built. In addition to the small alleys on both sides of the shop, it will be like a big sedan chair with eight carriages. It will have a bright future! As for the name of the shop, the previous shop was too unlucky, if the old name is turned upside down, the bad luck can be washed away and it will prosper." Yang Quanren was very happy with his words, which fit his meaning of "prosperity through Quanjude".He also hired a scholar with excellent calligraphy, who wrote "Quanjude" in three big characters.In this way, under the careful planning of Yang Quanren, "Quanjude" officially opened, and at the same time, there were two plaques of "Roast Chicken Shop" and "Hanging Stove Shop". After the opening of Quanjude, Yang Quanren was still not satisfied. He saw that there were many shops operating various types of ovens in Beijing at that time, and the business of some old shops such as Bianyifang was booming.Yang Quanren thought that if he wanted to gain a firm foothold in this industry and surpass those well-known old shops, he must have his own characteristics. At that time, there were two main methods of roasting duck: one was braised oven roast chicken, and the other was hanging oven roast duck.After comparison, Yang Quanren thought that the stewed oven roasted duck had a slightly smoky smell, so he decided to develop the hanging oven roasted duck.After determining the direction of development, he began to look for a master of hanging oven roast duck. Through various understandings and comparisons, he fell in love with a master Sun who was in charge of the oven in Jinhua Pavilion on Dong'anmen Street.At the kind invitation of Yang Quanren who was "thirsty for talents", Master Sun finally came to Quanjude.Under the guidance of Master Sun, Quanjude changed the original oven to a hanging oven, which not only greatly saved time and fuel, but also roasted ducks with beautiful color, crispy skin, tender, crispy and delicate meat, and soon Quanjude was in the market. Stand out among peers. Doing business must have "technical content", otherwise, it will be difficult to stand out from the crowd of competitors. Ruifuxiang is a well-known time-honored brand in my country. "Rui" means auspiciousness.On the day of the founding of New China, the first five-star red flag rising slowly over Tiananmen Square was made of Ruifuxiang's red silk. When Ruifuxiang opened its business, it competed fiercely with its peers.At that time, there were many cloth shops in the Qianmen area, such as Xiangyi, Chengxiang, Ruishengxiang, Ruilinxiang, Qianxiangyi and so on. The biggest competitor among them is Qian Xiangyi.Rui Fuxiang and Qian Xiangyi fought for the longest time, the widest range, and the most intense.How did Rui Fuxiang defeat his old opponent step by step? At first, Ruifuxiang opened in Dashilan, the most prosperous commercial area in Beijing, while Qian Xiangyi opened in Langfang Toutiao, a "back street". . "Beside the tiger and wolf, sleep peacefully." Rui Fuxiang knew that if Qian Xiangyi squeezed in, his advantage would be threatened, so he did everything possible to "obstruct him".For example, when Qian Xiangyi planned to buy a certain foundation in the west section of Dashilan, Ruifuxiang immediately started to open "Xihao"; when Qian Xiangyi was going to buy the middle section of land, Ruifuxiang went one step ahead and opened a leather goods store. The most intense competition between the two is to buy the land of Guangle Theater in Zhongjie Street.Although Qian Xiangyi was the first to buy the land this time, the rich and powerful Rui Fuxiang simply bought the land in front of Guangle Theater at a high price.He claimed that if he opened other shops, this road could be used for free, but if he opened a cloth shop, he would have to build a house to block the way out.In desperation, Qian Xiangyi had to give up. Another time, Ruifuxiang borrowed a lot of money for the sake of showing off, but the business was not very prosperous. Qian Xiangyi wanted to take this opportunity to squeeze Ruifuxiang down.Under their instigation, creditors came to ask Rui Fuxiang to pay back the money every day.At this time, Rui Fuxiang was not in a panic, because they already had countermeasures. Rui Fuxiang asked someone to make some fake ingots, piled them on the tables in the shop, and then piled some real ingots around and on the upper floor, and said to the people who came to collect debts: "First pay the small households, and then clear the big households. Every household pays the principal and interest, and I absolutely mean what I say." The creditor saw that Ruifuxiang had plenty of money, so he stopped collecting debts, and a life-and-death crisis related to Ruifuxiang was easily resolved. Plan ahead, prepare in advance, or take the initiative to respond. This is the valuable experience of many ancient businessmen to make money. Being able to "accompany" and make money: The city is becoming more and more prosperous, and the discount information of merchants is flying all over the sky, attracting a flood of people.Among the shopping crowds, there is a special kind of customers—accompanying shoppers.They are gifted shoppers.It is not easy to be an accompanying shopper. First, you must have an aesthetic vision; second, you must understand the market conditions and store characteristics. Which store has more discounts, which store has more goods of a certain brand, and you have one account in mind, and you will not let customers buy more. Go the wrong way.The most valuable thing is that Accompanying Buyers will carefully plan and save for customers, so as to achieve low prices and good quality.Even if the merchant has already discounted, these accompanying purchases can still bargain, or get more discounts from the salesperson. There is a huge market for "companionship": new drivers need to accompany driving; elderly people need to accompany them for chatting, accompanying doctors, etc.; working people and children need foreign language, piano accompanying practice, etc.; foreign tourists need accompanying travel, etc. Many people know the old shop of Yueshengzhai Majia located outside Beijing’s Qianmen, and know that the five-spice sauce mutton made here is famous all over the country.However, there are not many people who know that the founder of Yueshengzhai is called Ma Qingrui, and that he started his business by sacrificing sheep used by the Ministry of Rites. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Ma Qingrui was introduced by relatives and found a job as a temporary worker in the Yamen of the Ministry of Rites.Because he works very diligently and helps others as soon as he is free, no matter whether the eunuch or the officer in charge, he likes Ma Qingrui very much. Give him food. Once, Ma Qingrui was rewarded with a whole sheep, which really made him overjoyed.But after thinking about it for a long time, I was still reluctant to eat it, so I sold it on the street in order to exchange some pocket money.After that, Ma Qingrui took all the offerings and sold them on the street. Over time, he really accumulated a small amount of capital, so he started selling mutton.Because Ma Qingrui was very familiar with the officials of the Ministry of Rites, he used them to purchase the "sacrificial sheep" used by the Ministry of Rites as a source of supply. "Sacrificing sheep" is not only cheap, but also of good quality, so the mutton he sells is better than those of his peers, and the price is cheaper, so the business is booming. Later Ma Qingrui discovered that although selling raw mutton can make money, it is not as profitable as selling cooked mutton.He remembered that he had learned to make sauced mutton when he was helping the cook in the imperial dining room, and thought why he didn't use the techniques he learned in the imperial dining room to cook some cooked meat for sale!Therefore, he decided to specialize in the business of sauced mutton, and with the help of the yamen servants of the Ministry of Rites, he occupied a stall on the west side of Zhengyangmen, where every inch of land was expensive. The vicinity of Zhengyangmen is a bustling commercial area. There are many officials and people passing by here. In addition, on the day of the opening, many officials from the Ministry of Rites came to cheer and help. Mutton in sauce is a royal style, so everyone is scrambling to buy some and try it.Therefore, more and more customers patronize his stall every day, and the business is getting more and more prosperous.Gradually, Yueshengzhai and its five-spice sauce mutton are not only famous all over the country, even some foreigners know that there is a "Yueshengzhai" in Beijing. Don't say that there is no opportunity to make a fortune, in fact, the opportunity is around, let's see if I can grasp the opportunity like Ma Qingrui. There is a bamboo charcoal shop in the community: "The charcoal seller is cutting firewood to burn charcoal in Nanshan. His face is dusty and smoky, and his temples are gray and his fingers are black."The song "The Charcoal Seller" in the past made many people shed tears, but now, charcoal is no longer synonymous with "labor". Bamboo charcoal is used in daily life. According to the characteristics of bamboo charcoal, it can be used to make daily necessities, bedding, and special charcoal bags for refrigerator deodorization and freshness preservation, wardrobe anti-mildew and dehumidification; steaming bamboo charcoal sheets with rice can absorb odor, foreign matter and Pesticide residues contained in rice; the house has just been renovated, the indoor air is dirty, and if you want to remove the smell, etc., you can use bamboo charcoal to achieve the goal.Open a small shop specializing in the distribution of bamboo charcoal, with a wide range of goods, ranging from mobile phone chains to quilts, all of which contain bamboo charcoal.Although the storefront is small, it should be clean, tidy and antique. This will attract the attention of many people who pursue quality of life, and will definitely bring considerable economic benefits to those who sell charcoal. The Ren family was the richest man in the Xuanqu area in the early Western Han Dynasty. He made his fortune by hoarding grain by virtue of his accurate prediction of the market. The Ren family was a food keeper when the Qin Dynasty ruled. After the Qin Dynasty was overthrown, officials and wealthy families competed to store precious jewels and jade, because they are small in size and high in value, easy to carry, and can be sold for money in exchange for urgent needs. Other items, so the price of valuables such as jewelry keeps going up and up. At this time, only Ren's vision was sharp. He believed that after the Qin Dynasty was overthrown, the world would continue to be in chaos for a long time, and the people depended on food. Food is what everyone needs every day, but gold and jewelry can't be eaten. However, only hoarding food is the most reliable way to make a fortune in troubled times. Therefore, the Ren family had a special liking for the grain that others were not interested in. Taking advantage of the unsupervised opportunity of the official granary, he secretly smuggled the grain from the official granary to his home, and then dug a large cellar to store the grain. Stored away. Sure enough, shortly after the fall of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu, the overlord of Chu, and Liu Bang, the king of Han, went to war, and the fight was very lively. This fight lasted for four or five years.Due to the long-term war, farmers were unable to cultivate, and large areas of land were barren, and the price of food naturally rose higher and higher.Usually, grains that only sell for a few hundred yuan a stone, but when it is the most expensive, the price soars to 10,000 yuan!The poor starved to death in large numbers, and the wealthy people who had been vying to hoard jewels now had to exchange their treasures for food from Mrs. Ren, and Mrs. Ren made a fortune as a result. After having money, the Ren family began to purchase land and raise livestock.In the selection of land and livestock, Ren's also showed a unique vision.Most people like to buy cheap land and livestock, but the Ren family does the opposite. As long as the land is fertile and the livestock breeds are good, the Ren family is not afraid to spend high prices. This is not because Ren's money is too much to use, but because the soil quality is good, the grain yield can be high and stable, the grain variety is good, the reproduction is fast, and the survival rate is high.In the end, it is still a lot more cost-effective to calculate the total ledger. Since Ren's purchases are all high-quality land, the grain production in his family's land is more than that of other families, and the pastures are more lush than others; It reproduces faster than other families, so Ren's wealth increases much faster than other families. Throughout the ages, one of the magic weapons for many profitable businessmen to make money is to keep abreast of the times and take timely actions with the sensitivity of Yiye Zhiqiu, so they are often one step ahead of others and seize business opportunities. During the Western Han Dynasty, most of the rich and noble families waited at home to do business, while the slaves who specialized in business went out to run the business.Because they are worried that slaves will deliberately lose property or run away with money, many merchants prefer to choose honest and timid slaves as slaves, but they are unwilling to use slaves who are flexible. There is a businessman named Daojian, but he is a different kind. He likes smart and independent slaves.At that time, slaves operating outside must not violate the master's will at all, otherwise they would be regarded as treasonous.And Daojian not only adopts an attitude of letting the slaves make their own decisions, but sometimes rewards them.Therefore, many people ridiculed Tozama for being weak and incompetent, unable to control his slaves. Once, a slave who went out to do business brought news that all the money and goods he brought had been used up, and asked for more money.But someone reported to Daojian that the slave bought noble carriages and gorgeous costumes for himself with the money he earned from trading, and often entertained local officials and gave them generous gifts like a rich man. Based on his understanding of this slave, Daojian believed that he must have his own reasons for doing so, so he added additional payment according to the slave's request and let him continue to operate.This kind of unsuspecting attitude in employing people finally made Daojian a lot of money. It turned out that when the emperor offered sacrifices to Mount Tai, he would stop at the place where the slaves were doing business.The slave thought that in order to win the favor of the emperor, the local officials would definitely do a lot of construction and purchase of goods, and they were not afraid to spend money.In order to make this big deal, the slaves decided to sell all the original goods at a low price, and then bought silk, jewelry and other things to give as gifts.In order to increase his own social status, he also bought chariots, horses and clothing for himself.After these efforts, the slaves defeated their peers and took over a lot of business from the government. Because the slaves who ran the business for Dao Jian could not only manage their own business, but also dressed gorgeously and behaved lavishly, people at that time made up such a jingle: "Instead of going out to ask for an official, it is better to be a slave for Dao Jian to have good food and clothes!" Time made a fortune out of it by trusting its slaves and letting them run their business.According to Sima Qian's "Historical Records", relying on the efforts of the slaves, Dao Jian's family property accumulated as much as several thousand catties of gold. When the business grows bigger, it is necessary to employ people. How to employ people?Daojian gave the answer: Knowing people and being good at assignments and employing people without doubt. Movie Bar: Watching movies is not new. If it is regarded as a cultural fashion factor, it will become an elegant condiment in the bar, and it will undoubtedly become a new selling point of the bar.Combining movies and bars together, the name is: Movie Bar.As a result, the bar can stand out from the crowd of bars and display its unique charm among all kinds of styles.Operating this kind of theme bar should be one of the key points of the bar investor's business plan. To open a theme bar of a general scale, it will cost about 200,000 yuan in total, including store rent, equipment, purchase of drinks, decoration, movie equipment, service staff salaries, various miscellaneous expenses and taxes.If you already have a bar, you need to carry out decoration and transformation on the original basis, and then add film equipment as auxiliary equipment, which will cost about 20,000 to 50,000 yuan in investment.Good projection equipment may cost nearly 50,000 yuan. If you only buy a projector and a DVD player, 20,000 yuan for a set of equipment is enough. Many people have a prejudice against businessmen, thinking that "no business is not evil". In fact, many ancient businessmen were not treacherous or cunning, but pursued credibility and put integrity first. Rishengchang, the earliest bank in China, believed: "One day, you can deceive the market by being a traitor; two days, you can fool the people. But there is no firm that can rely on adultery for several years or decades to make a name for itself in the world." In 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces captured Beijing and plundered and robbed money wantonly. At that time, many banks in Beijing were destroyed, including Shanxi Bank of course.Many wealthy nobles who fled to Xi'an brought a lot of silver bills to the Shanxi bank to exchange money.However, after the branch of the Shanxi bank in Beijing was also looted, not only all the cash was gone, but even the account books were burned.How do you know who saved how much money without a ledger?How do you know if there is a fake in the banknote?If the money is given as long as the bank notes are taken, the Shanxi Bank will face the danger of bankruptcy.How to do it? Some people came up with an idea and said: Don’t exchange the money to them, just close the door and forget it, your ticket number is also a victim!Some people said that it is not too late to exchange after the general account has been settled, and it will not affect the reputation. These suggestions were all rejected by Rishengchang.Rishengchang decided that all depositors who can show their deposit certificates, whether they are high-ranking officials or nobles or ordinary people, will unconditionally exchange them regardless of the amount. At that time, many people said: "Ri Shengchang is crazy, isn't this jumping into the fire pit?" In fact, Ri Shengchang was very shrewd, and the reason why they did this was because they saw the value of reputation.Later facts proved that their actions were very correct. At that time, most of the people who came to exchange money were court officials who fled from Beijing.Although the current situation is very turbulent, it is short-lived after all.Their political strength and economic strength cannot be underestimated.Once the war is over, they will still be powerful, rich and powerful figures. At that time, they will believe in their votes more. It is because of this incident that Rishengchang's reputation of "integrity-based, honesty and honesty" has been greatly enhanced.After the war, when their semicolon in Beijing reopened, not only ordinary people deposited their savings in the bank with confidence, but even the imperial court handed over a large amount of official silver to the bank for exchange and storage. "Integrity is the foundation, children and old people do not deceive", this is the way for Shanxi merchants represented by Rishengchang to dominate the national business circle for 500 years. Small logistics for large and medium-sized projects: With the intensification of national development and construction, more and more large and medium-sized projects have started.The construction of large and medium-sized projects is often accompanied by a large number of construction teams. With such a large team, there are great opportunities to make money with supporting small logistics.Some small and medium-sized investors follow the start of national large and medium-sized projects. They are very concerned about this kind of news in the newspapers. They act immediately after getting the news. They always enter the site at the first time, and they often achieve good results.In particular, energy projects are often located in remote places and difficult to purchase, but the staff have high incomes and are willing to spend money, which makes some follower investors enjoy themselves.To operate this kind of project, one is to have accurate information, and the other is to be able to endure hardships.It is worth noting that the follower investment of small catering is more profitable than the follower investment of small retail. Wuyan was a famous businessman in the Han Dynasty, and was written into "Historical Records: Biography of Huozhi" by Sima Qian.He is famous not only because of his wealth, but because he once issued usury loans to the "Liehou Fengjun" in Chang'an City at an interest rate equivalent to 10 times the principal, and thus made a fortune. The interest is as high as 10 times the principal, which seems unheard of.Although it was a blatant extortion, the person who was blackmailed was willing. This is the brilliance of Wuyan. After Han Gaozu Liu Bang defeated Chu Overlord Xiang Yu, he immediately eradicated the princes of different surnames who had contributed to him, and at the same time enfeoffed his relatives as princes in various places, with the purpose of letting them defend the central royal family together.But what he never expected was that shortly after his death, these princes with the same surname became the biggest threat to the central government.In the third year of the Yuan Dynasty after Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bi, the most powerful king of Wu among the princes surnamed Liu, believed that the time was ripe to overthrow the central imperial power. The "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" was launched. After the news reached Chang'an, the capital city at that time, the ruling and opposition parties were shocked.With no hope of a peaceful solution, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty sent the government army headed by Taiwei Zhou Yafu to quell the rebellion.In order to show their loyalty to the central government, other princes living in Chang'an city also asked to lead their own soldiers to go out with the army.Most of the territories of these princes are in the east of Guan (referring to Hangu Pass), while Chang'an is in the area of ​​Guanzhong (west of Hangu Pass). It is difficult to prepare enough military supplies such as chariots and horses, weapons and even armor for a while, and urgently needs to raise money to buy them. For this reason, they had no choice but to borrow money from usury merchants in Chang'an City. No, those profit-seeking usury merchants all reasoned that they had no cash in their hands.Because the central imperial power was preparing to send troops to fight the rebels at that time, it was difficult to judge how the war situation would develop.They were worried that once the entire Kanto area fell, the territories of these princes would be wiped out, and they were afraid that they would not be able to recover their loans and suffer losses in vain. Wuyan also made a serious analysis of the war situation.He believes that the Han government has been established for fifty years. Although there were rebellions by princes with different surnames in the early days of the founding of the country, they were quickly suppressed because after the long-term war at the end of Qin, the rebellion was unpopular.The rebellion of princes with the same surname will suffer the same fate as the rebellion of princes with different surnames, and will be quelled soon. I should seize this rare opportunity and make a big profit!But on the surface, he pretended to be very pessimistic about the prospects of the war, and repeatedly told those who asked for loans that it was unpredictable when the war would end. Therefore, he could not lend his money as in peacetime unless people were willing to lend money. He is willing to take the risk if he pays 10 times the interest of the principal, otherwise he will never lend a penny. Those princes knew that the Wuyan clan was taking advantage of the fire to loot, but they had no choice but to go out immediately with the army to quell the rebellion. It was a critical moment to show their position and attitude to the emperor, so they had to bear the pain and let the Wuyan clan slaughter them.In this way, the Wuyan clan lent a total of a thousand taels of gold to the princes and princes in Chang'an City.One gold is equivalent to ten thousand renminbi, that is, a total of 10 million renminbi will be loaned out. Wuyan's prediction of the current situation was really brilliant. It took only 3 months for the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" to be put down, and the princes who went out with the army also repaid the loan and the interest of 10 times the principal. , up to ten thousand taels of gold.This loan made Wuyan the richest man in the Guanzhong area. A smart businessman is good at understanding the situation and taking advantage of the situation to make money. Not only does it save worry and effort, but he also makes a lot of money and makes it cleverly. Why do time-honored brands last forever?It is because of its irreplaceable influence.However, in the initial stage, time-honored brands try to make themselves famous and influential through various channels and means. For example, Ruifuxiang, they know that dignitaries are the main buyers of high-end goods, and pulling them can not only make more money, but also improve Ruifuxiang's reputation.Therefore, Ruifuxiang treats them with extra enthusiasm, and often takes the initiative to deliver goods to their door.Even for the servants in the mansion gate, Rui Fuxiang was very considerate, and often gave them some cloth heads, shoe uppers and basic money (that is today's kickback), in order to make them convenient for him in front of the master.瑞蚨祥的用心良苦得到了预期的回报，那些上层人士都喜欢到瑞蚨祥去采购衣料，以至北京出现了“头顶马聚源，脚踩内联升，身穿瑞蚨祥，腰缠四大恒”的口头语，将“身穿瑞蚨祥”看做是一件值得夸耀的事情了。 比如广州李占记，它是一家历史悠久的钟表店，驰名省港澳，以专修名贵钟表的高超手艺和重视质量而闻名于世。最初为了提高自己的影响力，李占记的创始人李兰馨想了一个绝招。他在店门前的左右两大橱窗内，高薪雇请了两个人，分别化装成关羽和张飞，手执长矛大刀，怒目圆睁，样子可怕。吸引了无数群众，店内从早到晚都挤满了人，宣传效果极佳。此外，李兰馨又别出心裁，凡是购买钟表的顾客，都免费赠送印有李占记广告的痢疾散一包。即使没有买钟表，只要上门求索，也一一奉送，消息一出，一传十，十传百，李占记的名声就更响了。 比如胡庆余堂，胡雪岩一生开过无数钱庄、当铺，也曾做过生丝、军火生意，但让胡雪岩最投入、最花心血的事业就算是胡庆余堂了。为了让胡庆余堂走向全国，胡雪岩不惜花重金连篇累牍地在《申报》上做广告，宣传自己的药店，甚至还开设了当时绝无仅有的邮购业务。不久，无论是各大城市，还是那些偏远的地方，很多人都知道他的药店和药品了。 古人做生意有一条经验就是“做买卖，靠吆喝”，名气就是一笔无形资产，只要商家有了名气，顾客也就会慕名而来。 知识型“顾问”：服务业是目前及未来投资赚钱的热点，很多项目对资金的要求不高，很适合中小投资者。其中，知识型“顾问”最有“钱”景。据测算，2010年，仅国内咨询产业的市场份额就将达到100亿美元，加上各式各样的“顾问”业务，这是一个多么庞大的蛋糕！其中，创业咨询、投资咨询、投资顾问、管理咨询、管理顾问、营销咨询、法律咨询、就业咨询、职业规划咨询，生活类的，如老年健康咨询、育儿咨询、儿童教育咨询等将是未来一段时间的热点，投资者可予以重点关注。 旧中国北京的瑞蚨祥不仅用向来为人们所推崇的“薄利多销”“大降价”“大甩卖”等手法与同业竞争，还独创新路，使用了“厚利多销”的杀手锏。瑞蚨祥降价销售大路货只是用来树信誉，拉顾客，并不指望它来赚钱，名贵、高档的商品才是瑞蚨祥利润的主要来源。 瑞蚨祥的商品就是以清朝贵族、军阀、官僚政客等财主为主要业务对象的，利润相当高。如一般绸缎、呢绒的利润是40％，一般皮货是30％～50％。而细毛皮货中的名贵品种，如貂皮、水獭、猞猁、金丝猴等，利润都高达一两倍。社会上“财主”毕竟是少数，“厚利多销”的对象也不能仅限于“财主”，还有那些向往财主，爱向财主们看齐的人。因为，一般人的心里都羡慕上流社会高收入的人，时时希望与他们看齐，因此，在衣着服饰上，有时不惜重金来选购上流社会的人爱用的东西，这样“厚利多销”的范围就扩大了，从此引出经商的一个“诀窍”——商品价格要比其他商店略高一筹。瑞蚨祥在旧中国也就靠这样的“诀窍”，生意非常兴隆。 “贵人买贵物，何论价高低”，瑞蚨祥正是利用有钱人自身的心理来赚钱，毕竟财主的钱好赚。 教育培训：教育培训市场最大的两块蛋糕是英语培训和考研培训，其中英语培训被称为我国目前最大的无烟工业。教育培训总是与市场热点相伴而动，英语培训和考研培训就是随着国内的出国热和考研热迅速升温的。因此，明智的投资者应该有意识地顺着市场热点去寻找投资目标。 应试性英语培训和考研培训市场在大城市几乎已经饱和，但特色培训尚有较大挖掘潜力，另一方面在很多地级市，尤其是县城，英语培训市场还是一片空白。很多人，尤其是面临中考、高考的学生都有英语培训的强烈需求，只是限于师资，培训难以开展，如果有人能够用连锁的方法来开拓这块市场，实现教师资源的互动共享，赚钱的机会相信不会比在城市里少。 红顶商人胡雪岩虽然没有读多少书，但他头脑特别灵活，能够预见事物在两个极端之间反复轮回而呈现出的某种规律。有一次，胡雪岩根据气候的长远变化规律，指点家乡一位老农种田致富。 在胡雪岩的家乡，有一位种田老农，他造好了一片水田，种下水稻，可是当年恰逢水涝，稻田里排水不畅，造成歉收。于是，他请教胡雪岩，胡雪岩告诉他：“再种三年水稻，你就能够发一笔小财了。”老农采纳了胡雪岩的意见。 但是第二年，又逢上大水，老农又是歉收，第三年同样如此。这时候，有人劝老农毁掉水田，改种旱地作物，可老农相信胡雪岩这个“财神”的预见，仍然坚持种水稻。到了第四年，碰上了大旱，旱地颗粒无收，而水稻却获得了大丰收。紧接着又是两年大旱，老农连着三年都获得了大丰收，稻谷卖了个好价钱。算下来，三年的丰收抵过了三年涝灾的歉收，还有不少盈余。 万事万物都有规律，做生意也有规律，能够把握规律，就能抓得住发财的机会。 子贡是孔子的大弟子，是孔门弟子中的佼佼者，这一点很多人都知道；很多人不知道的是，子贡也是春秋时期着名的珠宝商人，还是着名的政治活动家和外交家。 来孔门之前，子贡已经是一名富有的珠宝商。与子贡经常打交道的，主要是各国的贵族们，他们都是非常喜欢收藏稀有昂贵的珠宝，以此来显示自己的高贵身份和显赫地位。 在长期的珠宝买卖活动中，子贡慢慢发现珠宝并不是每个人都鉴定的来，而且珠宝又没有什么固定价格，它的售价可因为买主的不同身份而有所不同。 同一个珠宝，卖给大夫可能只卖十两黄金，但要是卖给诸侯就可能以百两黄金的高价成交。同样的道理，这些贵族买主也很看重销售者的身份和地位。同一个珠宝，在普通商人手里，他们就会认为只是一般的货色，不愿意出很高的价格去购买，但是如果到了富有的商人手里，特别是到了有名望的大商人手里，他们就自然会认为那件珠宝是稀世珍宝，花了十倍，有时甚至百倍的高价买来以后，这些贵族买主们还觉得非常高兴。 正是摸透了这些贵族买主的这种消费心理，子贡做珠宝买卖时显得非常阔绰。他总是大讲排场，“结驷连骑”——相当于今天开着四辆大奔的排场，而且还带领大队人马上路以装声势。让所有的贵族买主们争先购买他的珠宝，而且从不讨价还价，还以谁能买到最贵的珠宝而沾沾自喜。 子贡将在贵族买主那里赚来的钱，资助孔子周游列国，使儒家学派的政治主张广为传播，使儒家学说逐渐发展成为当时的“显学”，孔子的名气也愈来愈大，后来成了中华民族的“万世师表”，这其中子贡发挥了很重要的作用。而子贡也因为这件事而名声显赫，先后在鲁国和卫国做官，并多次被国君派往国外，以外交家和政治活动家的身份在列国之间发挥政治影响。 子贡的既富且贵，使后世的商人很羡慕，不少人把“端木生涯”当作条幅的内容，来勉力自己要像子贡那样来做生意。 在几千年前就善于经商，而且做生意求学问两不误，子贡应该是中国最早的儒商。 有的人对跨国公司能在世界各地建立商业情报网点很佩服，殊不知，早在1000多年以前，中国已经有人创建了商业信息网，这个人就是唐代着名的理财家刘晏。 刘晏为什么要创建商业信息网呢？因为“安史之乱”之后，各地军阀拥兵自重，以致连年征战，这为见利忘义的投机商人带来大发横财的机遇。他们利用军阀割据，交通阻断，商运不畅之机大肆兴风作浪，对于人民生活必需品的粮食，更是囤积垄断，极尽盘剥之能事。丰收时农民急需售卖粮食，他们却尽力压低粮价，甚至采取拒收的办法迫使农民赔本售卖。歉收时又哄抬粮价，全然不管饥民的死活。这不但加重了人民的苦难，也使社会秩序更加动荡不安。 唐朝初年，曾在各地设置名叫常平仓的机构，其职责是丰收时加价收粮，粮食昂贵时再用低于市场的价格售粮，目的是保持物价平稳，所以叫“常平”。“安史之乱”后的连年战乱，不但商货无法顺利流通，商业情报的传递也受到了阻碍，常平仓也就名存实亡，无所作为了。 唐代宗广德二年（764年），刘晏兼领常平使这一官职后，开始对常平仓进行改革。他运用国家的财力，把常平仓改造成为一个平抑物价，调剂民食，并借以盈利充实国家财政收入的商业机构。 为了达到这一目的和有效地打击奸商，刘晏认为必须创立一个能及时了解各地供求状况的信息网。于是他就在自己管辖的各道设置叫做“巡院”的机构，并配备主管官吏，专门负责收集各地的雨雪情况和丰年、歉年的征象，然后根据情况，或十天，或一个月向刘晏作一次汇报。为了传递方便，刘晏还在各地建立负责传递信息，并提供车马交通和食宿的驿站。并要求驿站的距离最远不能超过一匹马或一个人所能奔跑的路程，以便在紧急情况出现时，可以不停顿地接力传递，把情况及时送给刘晏。为了能及时传递情报，各巡院还用重金招募“驶足”，所谓“驶足”，就是今天的长跑健儿，遇有马匹不便行驶山路或其他道路，则改由他们来传递。这样就形成了一个信息灵通的商业情报网，只要市场稍一波动，无论是在什么地方，刘晏几天之内就可以知道准确的消息。这在没有任何通讯手段的唐代，真是一个奇迹！ 据《新唐书·刘晏传》记载，因为采取了上述措施，使唐政府用兵几十年没有向人民增税，却做到了“用度足”，并出现了“天下无甚贵贱而物常平”的可喜现象。 刘晏虽然不是商人，但他对商业信息的重视，是值得所有现代商人效仿的。 旅游“管家”：旅游是值得中小投资者大力开拓的一个朝阳市场。随着一部分人先富起来，同时越来越多的消费者对“赶景点”的旅行团服务感到不满，提供小社团性质或家庭性质的封闭性旅游服务正成为投资热点。一个导游，甚至一个旅行社团队在一段时间内只为某几个特定的客户提供“英国管家”式的服务，包括路线安排、车辆、餐饮安排，提供门到门，人对人式的服务，包括“管家”式的商务旅行服务，这方面市场上目前基本还处于空白，机会非常大。对于一些有经验的“驴友”，组织有特色的自助游、自驾游、探险游等等，也是兴趣与赚钱的完美结合。 “北有王麻子，南有张小泉”，王麻子剪刀是着名的中华老字号，几百年来，王麻子刀剪产品以刃口锋利、经久耐用而享誉民间，曾创造过一个月卖7万把菜刀、40万把剪刀的最高纪录。 王麻子剪刀创始人是山西的一个铁匠，清朝初年来到北京。最初创业时，妻子建议他自己开作坊打制剪刀。王铁匠说：“开作坊既需要场地，又需要请人、工钱、房钱、伙食钱，开支可就大了，咱们上哪里去弄那么多的钱！不如先租间房开个小店，向其他作坊收购产品，卖多少，收多少，既不占用太多的资本，又可以只拣好的、卖得快的收，这样不是又省心又省力吗？” 于是，王铁匠的小店在北京宣武门外的菜市口开张了。王铁匠变成王掌柜后，一心想使小店能有所发展。所以在进货时，他特别重视产品的质量，每次收购，都要亲自检查，不合格的，坚决拒收。因此他售卖的剪刀逐渐以刃口锋利、经久耐用而出了名，不仅北京人喜欢到这里来购买，一些外地来京的客商，甚至那些进京赶考的举人，在回乡时也要特地来这里买上几把剪刀，以便回去后分赠给亲友。 因为这一带同类的小店很多，初来的顾客常常弄错；而王掌柜的脸上又有麻子，要买这里剪刀的顾客很自然就把麻子掌柜作为区别的标记。久而久之，不但北京人用“王麻子”来代替该店的店名，外地人也以“王麻子”相称，至于它原来的店名，反而不为人所知了。 到了1816年，王麻子后代接办这间杂货店后，正式以“王麻子”为字号。小王掌柜不但在门外正式挂出“三代王麻子”的招牌，还在收购的剪刀上都镌上“王麻子”三个字，并将杂货铺改为专门经营刀剪。 小王掌柜也是一个经营的高手，除了注意进货之外，还很注意推销。顾客上门，总是和颜悦色的接待，无论买与不买，同样的热情，在任何情况下都不敢怠慢顾客。卖出的剪刀，要装进一个印有“王麻子”字样的纸袋中，纸袋上印有在一年中如果发生某种损坏情况，包换、包退等字样。 一次，有位外地顾客拿来一把镌有“王麻子”字样的剪刀要求退换，虽然卖出的时间已经过了一年，小王掌柜见确实是属于质量问题，遂立即换给顾客一把新的剪刀，并再三向这位顾客赔礼道歉。这件事传出后，王麻子刀剪铺的声誉更高了。 门市之外，王麻子刀剪店还常派出徒弟走街串巷，去向家庭妇女兜售剪刀。当时北京的庙会很多，小王掌柜就派徒弟带上镌有“王麻子”标记的剪刀去庙会摆摊。此外，还派人下乡去农村售卖。通过这些方法，不仅扩大了王麻子刀剪的销售额，在当时没有电台和报纸的情况下，也是宣传的一个好办法，所以“王麻子”的名声越来越大。 “汪麻子”“旺麻子”“老王麻子”“真王麻子”……后来出现了这么多“王麻子”的同行们，说明了王麻子这品牌相当有号召力。